BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy,with its pathogenesis involving dysregulation of multiple genes,including adenomatous polyposis coli and p53.Emerging evidence suggests that ...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy,with its pathogenesis involving dysregulation of multiple genes,including adenomatous polyposis coli and p53.Emerging evidence suggests that microRNA 195(miR195)plays a critical role in carcinogenesis by modulating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway through phosphatase and tensin homologue(PTEN),thereby influencing cellular metabolism.Loss of PTEN function leads to hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,resulting in upregulated expression of lactate dehydrogenase-5(LDH-5)and promoting the tumor progression.AIM To explore the clinical relevance of miR195,LDH-5,and PTEN expression patterns in CRC patient tissues and their association with clinicopathological features and prognosis.METHODS We enrolled 53 CRC patients who received surgical resection at our hospital from January 2020 to February 2022.Fresh tumor tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues(>5 cm from the tumor margin)were collected.The mRNA expression of miR195 was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,while the protein expression of LDH-5 and PTEN were assessed via immunohistochemistry.Differences in molecular expression between tumor and adjacent normal tissues were compared,along with their correlations with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.RESULTS The positive rate of miR195 in CRC tissues(35.85%)was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues(90.57%).LDH-5 displayed a higher positive rate(79.25%)in the tissues compared to normal tissues(11.32%),while PTEN expression was markedly reduced in tumors(28.30%vs 94.34%,P<0.05).Elevated expression of miR195 was observed in CRC tissues from patients with earlier tumor,node,metastasis(TNM)stages and without lymph node metastasis.Conversely,higher expression of LDH-5 was associated with advanced TNM stages,lower differentiation grades,and the presence of lymph node metastasis.Additionally,PTEN expression was higher in patients with smaller tumor diameters and no lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).In CRC tissues,miR195 showed a negative correlation with LDH-5(r=-0.883,P=0.015)but a positive correlation with PTEN(r=0.429,P=0.006).LDH-5 was negatively associated with PTEN(r=-0.396,P<0.001).Patients with miR195 positivity,LDH-5 negativity,and PTEN positivity demonstrated significantly better prognosis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Low miR195 and PTEN expression,coupled high LDH-5 expression could constitutes a hallmark molecular signature of CRC progression.These signature may act as potential markers for diagnosis and disease assessment,and prognostic evaluation in CRC patients,eventually improving CRC management.展开更多
In recent years,there are increasingly more standardized trainings for doctors based on the standardized training outline that is suitable for different grades.Hierarchical training has gradually formed a relatively s...In recent years,there are increasingly more standardized trainings for doctors based on the standardized training outline that is suitable for different grades.Hierarchical training has gradually formed a relatively sound training mode.In reflecting students’learning effect,there is a need for an ideal quality feedback system in the standardized practical skills training for clinical pathology residents.This feedback system can help students achieve the training objectives through understanding and grasping the learning content.展开更多
Quantitative analysis of ras oncogene product P21 was performed on paraffin blocks from 55 smooth musele tumors of the gastrointestinal tract by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.No positive evidence for P21 was f...Quantitative analysis of ras oncogene product P21 was performed on paraffin blocks from 55 smooth musele tumors of the gastrointestinal tract by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.No positive evidence for P21 was found in 5 cases of normal smooth muscle tissues.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primary ileal squamous cell carcinoma(PISCC)is a rare malignant tumor of the ileum.Its development is an exceptional phenomenon,as the ileal mucosa is lined exclusively by simple columnar epithelium,with no...BACKGROUND Primary ileal squamous cell carcinoma(PISCC)is a rare malignant tumor of the ileum.Its development is an exceptional phenomenon,as the ileal mucosa is lined exclusively by simple columnar epithelium,with no native squamous epithelium under physiological conditions.PISCC accounts for fewer than 0.001%of all intestinal malignancies.As of 2025,only 12 confirmed cases have been documented in the global literature,predominantly as isolated case reports.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old female developed abdominal pain two years after chemotherapy for ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IC1).Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed localized thickening of the small intestinal wall in the right pelvic region with increased metabolic activity,suggesting implantation metastasis.The patient underwent partial ileal resection,intestinal anastomosis,appendectomy,omentectomy,and pericolic lymphadenectomy.Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed a primary ileal low-grade squamous cell carcinoma.Postoperatively,the patient received intravenous doxorubicin plus carboplatin combined with anti-angiogenic targeted therapy.After six cycles,the regimen was changed to paclitaxel plus carboplatin with bevacizumab.Following five cycles,maintenance therapy with intravenous bevacizumab monotherapy was initiated,supplemented with adjunctive hepatoprotective agents.At the 30-month postoperative follow-up,the patient remained progression-free with no clinical or radiologic evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis.CONCLUSION Accurate diagnosis of PISCC requires integration of clinical history,systemic examination,histopathology,and immunohistochemical profiling to reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal bronchogenic cysts(EBCs)are usually discovered incidentally during radiologic or endoscopic examinations.They are rare and prone to misdiagnosis or mistreatment.As a submucosal lesion,the endosco...BACKGROUND Esophageal bronchogenic cysts(EBCs)are usually discovered incidentally during radiologic or endoscopic examinations.They are rare and prone to misdiagnosis or mistreatment.As a submucosal lesion,the endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)characteristics of EBCs are unclear.AIM To analyze the clinicopathological and EUS characteristics of EBCs.METHODS A total of 22 patients with a histological diagnosis of EBCs who underwent EUS examination were retrospectively included.The clinicopathological and EUS features were collected and analyzed.RESULTS Most of the EBCs were asymptomatic,and no malignant transformation or precancerous changes was found histologically.Most of the EBCs were located in the lower esophagus(72.7%,16/22).A total of 90.9%(20/22)of the EBCs originated from the muscularis propria,and 9.1%(2/22)originated from the submucosa.All of the lesions had clear boundaries.In terms of echo,77.3%(17/22)had a hypoechoic pattern,and 22.7%(5/22)had an anechoic pattern.We found floating echoes inside the lesion,which presented as a punctiform hyperecho in 45.5%(10/22)and a flocculent hypoecho in 36.4%(8/22)of the patients.A total of 45.5%(10/22)displayed posterior wall enhancement.Fourteen patients underwent color doppler,and no blood flow signal was identified.On EUS elastography,the EBCs presented a yellow-green or green pattern(100%,6/6).When contrast-enhanced EUS was used,the EBCs showed no enhancement(100%,5/5).CONCLUSION When a submucosal lesion located at the lower esophagus originates from the intrinsic muscle layer,the possibility of EBCs should be noted,the EUS characteristics of which include a hypoecho with a clear boundary and a posterior wall enhancement,a floating echo inside and no blood flow signal,a yellow-green or green pattern on elastography,and no enhancement on contrast EUS.展开更多
Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors(UTROSCTs)are characterized by an uncertain malignant potential and exhibit prominent sex cord-like differentiation.The purpose of this study was to comprehensively rev...Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors(UTROSCTs)are characterized by an uncertain malignant potential and exhibit prominent sex cord-like differentiation.The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review the clinicopathological characteristics of UTROSCTs and analyze eight cases of UTROSCTs treated at our hospital.We conducted an extensive review of the relevant literature and gathered pertinent data.In addition,we identified eight patients with UTROSCTs and analyzed their clinical and pathological features,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis.Patients presented with symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding or uterine mass detection.Surgical interventions varied,including total abdominal hysterectomy,bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy,and pelvic lymphadenectomy,with adjuvant therapy given to one patient.All eight patients are currently disease-free,with the longest follow-up period being nearly 10 years.Our systematic review of UTROSCTs summarized the clinical and pathological features and revealed several novel markers,including ESR1-NCOA2-3,GREB1-NCOA1-3,GREB1-CTNNB1,and GREB1-NR4A3.UTROSCTs are rare mesenchymal tumors with unclear histogenesis and uncertain malignant potential.Although our understanding of UTROSCTs remains incomplete,the promising findings and increasing availability of clinical data will contribute to the further understanding and development of this rare neoplasm.展开更多
Background:The high recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)following curative resection affects patient survival.The present study combined critical clinicopathological features and molecular markers to devel...Background:The high recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)following curative resection affects patient survival.The present study combined critical clinicopathological features and molecular markers to develop machine learning models to predict the risk of recurrence and mortality.We aimed to individualize risk stratification,post-surgical management strategies,and ultimately improve long-term prognosis for HCC patients with curative resections.Methods:A total of 815 HCC patients undergoing surgical resection were divided randomly into a training cohort(n=652)and a validation cohort(n=163).To build a high-accuracy recurrent/death classifier using clinicopathological characteristics and molecular biomarkers,four different machine learning models,including the Cox proportional risk model,generalized linear model,extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)model,and random survival forest(RSF)model,were developed and comprehensively compared.The outcomes were recurrence-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS).Results:Factors including diabetes,albumin,tumor numbers,HCC diameter,portal vein tumor thrombus,blood loss,mismatch repair protein 2(MSH2),and epithelial membrane antigen were significantly associated with RFS,while albumin,HCC diameter,MSH2,and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)stage were significantly associated with OS.The RSF model not only grouped HCC patients into high-and lowprobability recurrence groups with significant differences in 5-year recurrence probability rate(training cohort:87.3%vs.51.5%,P<0.0001;validation cohort:75.9%vs.64.8%,P<0.0001),but also grouped HCC patients into high-and low-probability death groups with significant differences in 5-year death probability rate(training cohort:56.0%vs.15.3%,P<0.0001;validation cohort:50.0%vs.23.1%,P<0.0001).Conclusions:The RSF model accurately stratified HCC patient into high-and low-risk recurrence or death groups,which guides the surgeons to plan adjuvant therapy after surgery.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic schistosomiasis causes multiple organ and multiple system diseases,especially the digestive system.Schistosome eggs are mainly deposited in the stomach,liver and colorectal,but a few eggs are deposi...BACKGROUND Chronic schistosomiasis causes multiple organ and multiple system diseases,especially the digestive system.Schistosome eggs are mainly deposited in the stomach,liver and colorectal,but a few eggs are deposited in the appendix and cause disease.At present,there are few studies on schistosomal appendicitis.AIM To explore the differences in epidemiological,clinical and pathological characteristics between schistosomal appendicitis and non-schistosomal appendicitis over the past decade in order to assess the impact of schistosomiasis on appendicitis.METHODS The differences of general data,clinical data and laboratory examination data of patients with appendicitis from October 2013 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into two groups for analysis.There were 136 patients in schistosomal appendicitis group and 5418 patients in non-schistosomal appendicitis group.RESULTS Schistosomal appendicitis accounted for 2.45%of all patients with appendicitis,and the annual proportion in the past decade was 2.2%,2.9%,1.8%,1.9%,3.4%,3.1%,1.9%,1.6%,3%,2.6%,respectively.The prevalence of schistosomal appendicitis was middle-aged and elderly males,with an average age of 61.73±15.335 years.The main population of non-schistosomal appendicitis was middle-aged men,with an average age of 35.8±24.013 years(P<0.001).The distribution of pathological types of appendicitis was different between the two groups(P<0.001).The incidence of acute suppurative appendicitis in non-schistosomal appendicitis was higher than that in schistosomal appendicitis[odds ratio(OR)=0.504;95%confidence interval(CI):0.349-0.728;P<0.001].The proportion of acute attack of chronic appendicitis in schistosomal appendicitis was higher than that in non-schistosomal appendicitis(OR=2.614;95%CI:1.815-3.763;P<0.001).The proportion of schistosomal appendicitis patients complicated with colorectal cancer was higher than that of nonschistosomal appendicitis patients(OR=5.087;95%CI:1.427-18.132;P=0.012).There was no difference in clinical symptoms between the two groups.In the laboratory examination,there was a significant difference in white blood cells between schistosomal appendicitis and non-schistosomal appendicitis.The level of white blood cells in schistosomal appendicitis group was slightly higher than the upper limit of the normal range.Other statistically significant indicators were in the normal range.CONCLUSION Schistosomal appendicitis is a severe condition that is often associated with intestinal malignancies,potentially leading to a poor prognosis.Schistosomal appendicitis is more likely to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosed in clinical work because of its nonspecific clinical manifestations and laboratory examination.It is crucial to differentiate schistosomal appendicitis in middle-aged and elderly male patients presenting with appendicitis,and to ensure early detection and treatment.展开更多
Schistosomal appendicitis(SA)is a rare but serious complication of schistosomiasis,a parasitic disease affecting over 250 million people worldwide.A recent retrospective study by Wang et al provides important insights...Schistosomal appendicitis(SA)is a rare but serious complication of schistosomiasis,a parasitic disease affecting over 250 million people worldwide.A recent retrospective study by Wang et al provides important insights into the clinicopathological characteristics of SA.The study compared 136 cases of SA to 5418 cases of non-SA over a ten-year period.Key findings include a higher average age of SA patients(61.73 years vs 35.8 years for non-SA),a higher proportion of acute on chronic appendicitis(33.1%vs 16%),and a significantly higher incidence of colorectal cancer(11.7%vs 2.2%).Despite these differences,SA remains a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and lack of specific laboratory findings.The study also highlights the persistent prevalence of SA,accounting for 1.6%-3.4%of all appendicitis cases each year from 2013 to 2023.These findings underscore the need for enhanced awareness,early detection,and prompt treatment of SA in endemic regions.Given the association with colorectal cancer,patients with SA require thorough screening and follow-up.Further research into the pathogenesis and diagnostic markers of SA is warranted.As the global battle against schistosomiasis continues,targeted efforts to diagnose and manage SA can significantly improve patient outcomes.展开更多
There are various histological characteristics which have been proposed to predict the survival rate in colon cancer.However,there is no definitive model to accurately predict the survival.Therefore,it is important to...There are various histological characteristics which have been proposed to predict the survival rate in colon cancer.However,there is no definitive model to accurately predict the survival.Therefore,it is important to find out one model for the prediction of survival in colon cancer which may also include the preoperative,and operative factors in addition to histopathology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Perineural invasion(PNI)is common in pancreatic cancer(PC)and is associated with poor prognosis.AIM To investigate the correlation between PNI and clinical pathological features in PC.METHODS Patients were ...BACKGROUND Perineural invasion(PNI)is common in pancreatic cancer(PC)and is associated with poor prognosis.AIM To investigate the correlation between PNI and clinical pathological features in PC.METHODS Patients were retrospectively divided into non-neural invasion and neural inva-sion groups based on PNI.Differences in tumor location,size,carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)level,overall survival,abdominal pain,pathological type,differentiation,and lymph node invasion were compared.Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed,and a predictive model was constructed.RESULTS The neural invasion group had a higher proportion of tumors in the head,larger size,higher CA19-9 levels,lower survival rates,more abdominal pain,and more lymph node invasion.Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and higher differen-tiation were more common in the neural invasion group.Tumor location,sur-vival,and differentiation were negatively correlated,while size,CA19-9 level,abdominal pain,and lymph node invasion were positively correlated with neural invasion.Tumor location,size,CA19-9 level,abdominal pain,differentiation,and lymph node invasion were independent risk factors.The predictive model showed good consistency with actual occurrence rates.CONCLUSION Tumor location,size,CA19-9 level,abdominal pain,differentiation,and lymph node invasion are important factors in neural invasion and tumor progression in PC.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder(SCCUB).Methods:Clinicopathological data and prognosis of 24 patients with primary...Objective:This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder(SCCUB).Methods:Clinicopathological data and prognosis of 24 patients with primary SCCUB treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University(from January 2016 to December 2021)were retrospectively collected and compared with 335 patients with primary high-grade urothelial carcinoma(HG-UC)during the same period.The study endpoints were disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS).Results:Of the 24 patients with SCCUB,19 were male and five were female.Eight(33%)cases were pure SCCUB(pSCCUB).Sixteen(67%)cases were mixed SCCUB(mSCCUB),all of which were mixed with urothelial carcinoma.All patients underwent surgery and 13(76%,13/17;seven patients were lost to follow-up)patients received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.We found no significant difference in clinicopathological features between pSCCUB and mSCCUB.However,compared to HG-UC,SCCUB had higher lymph node metastasis(p=0.014),more lymphovascular invasion(p=0.024),higher Ki-67 expression(p<0.001),and more disease progression events(p=0.001).Median DFS and OS for SCCUB were 22 months and 38 months,respectively.The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the pathological type or surgical type did not affect DFS or OS of SCCUB.However,SCCUB patients had worse DFS and OS than HG-UC patients(both p<0.05).The multivariate Cox analysis showed that the tumor size(hazard ratio 1.44,95%CI 1.96–2.15,p=0.048)was an independent factor affecting DFS of SCCUB patients.Conclusion:Compared with the common HG-UC,SCCUB is rare with specific clinicopathological features and a worse prognosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric mixed-adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma(G-MANEC)is a subtype of gastric cancer.Building upon prior research findings,we propose that tumours containing both neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)and adenocarcino...BACKGROUND Gastric mixed-adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma(G-MANEC)is a subtype of gastric cancer.Building upon prior research findings,we propose that tumours containing both neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)and adenocarcinoma(AC)components,with each component ranging from 1%to 99%of the tumour,be classified as a distinct entity.We hereby term this adenoneuroendocrine mixed gastric cancer(G-ANEC).Research on lymph node(LN)involvement in GMANEC has focused mainly on metastasis status,with limited studies on metastatic composition.AIM To investigate the LN metastasis patterns of G-ANEC,the clinicopathological features associated with these metastasis patterns,and to explore adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for G-ANEC.METHODS We analyzed 68 G-ANEC cases treated with radical surgery and confirmed LN metastasis at Peking University Cancer Hospital between August 2012 and June 2022.Utilizingχ2 tests in IBM statistical product and service solutions statistics and R software.RESULTS We identified three distinct LN metastasis patterns in G-ANEC that were significantly associated with the NEC proportion,tumour invasion depth,Lauren classification,and tumour location(P values:0.008,0.015,0.01,and 0.004,respectively).When the SOX/XELOX regimen was applied for adjuvant chemotherapy,patients with LN metastasis comprising only AC exhibited better overall survival(OS)(94.25±11.07 months vs 54.36±11.36 months)than did those with NEC.When LN metastasis components contained NEC,there was a trend towards improved OS(64±10.77 months vs 54.35±11.36 months)and disease-free survival(71.28±9.92 months vs 66.28±11.93 months)in patients treated with the etoposide and cisplatin compared to those receiving the SOX/XELOX regimen.CONCLUSION We found a significant correlation between the NEC percentage,tumour invasion depth,Lauren classification,and tumour location and LN metastasis patterns in G-ANEC.For G-ANEC,a lower proportion of NEC or AC in the primary lesion does not preclude the possibility of these components metastasizing to the LNs.Different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens should be administered on the basis of the varying components of LN metastasis in patients with G-ANEC.展开更多
To the Editor,We have read the article by Gener-Ricos et al.titled"NPM1-mutated myeloid neoplasms are a unique entity not defined by bone marrow blast percentage",published in Cancer[1].This retrospective,cr...To the Editor,We have read the article by Gener-Ricos et al.titled"NPM1-mutated myeloid neoplasms are a unique entity not defined by bone marrow blast percentage",published in Cancer[1].This retrospective,cross-sectional pilot study provides valuable insights into the clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of patients with NPM1-mutated myeloid neoplasms(MNs)with less than 20%bone marrow blasts[1].展开更多
BACKGROUND The microcystic,elongated,and fragmented(MELF)pattern of invasion in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma(EEC)is a special mode of myometrial invasion that has been recently recognized by the pathology commun...BACKGROUND The microcystic,elongated,and fragmented(MELF)pattern of invasion in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma(EEC)is a special mode of myometrial invasion that has been recently recognized by the pathology community.Overex-pression of CXC chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)in tumor cells contributes to tumor growth,invasion,angiogenesis,metastasis,and recurrence.AIM To explore the correlation between CXCR4 expression in EEC and MELF invasion and clinicopathological features.METHODS A total of 205 EEC patients treated at Peking University People’s Hospital from June 2020 to December 2021 were selected(60 cases with MELF invasion,145 cases without).The clinicopathological features of the two groups were compared,and expression of CXCR4 protein,estrogen receptor,and progesterone receptor was detected and compared by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS EEC with MELF invasion was significantly associated with low tumor grade,lymphovascular space invasion,deep myometrial invasion,cervical stromal involvement,and lymph node metastasis.There was a difference in CXCR4 expression between the two groups,with the MELF group having a significantly higher expression than the non-MELF group.CONCLUSION CXCR4 expression is significantly increased in EEC with MELF invasion and in the MELF invasion area,which may promote tumor invasion and metastasis and has some value for prognostic assessment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)plays pivotal roles in cellular proliferation,survival,and differentiation of several malignancies.Upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC)is a relatively rare ma...BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)plays pivotal roles in cellular proliferation,survival,and differentiation of several malignancies.Upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC)is a relatively rare malignancy.The clinical and molecular significance of HER2 expression level in UTUC remains poorly characterized vs bladder cancer.AIM To comprehensively evaluate HER2 expression patterns and their association with UTUC patients’clinicopathological features.METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from patients diagnosed with UTUC at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between January 2023 and December 2024.HER2 status was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 145 UTUC patients who met the inclusion criteria.Its associations with tumor grade,tumor stage,and other clinicopathological parameters were assessed.Theχ2 test or Fisher’s exact test,along with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses,were performed to determine the influences of clinicopathological factors on HER2 expression.RESULTS HER2 positivity was significantly associated with high tumor grade(P=0.003),while other variables,including sex,anatomical tumor location,pathological T stage,Ki-67 proliferation index,nodal metastasis status,lymphovascular invasion,and tumor laterality failed to demonstrate statistically significant correlations.These findings were further substantiated through univariate logistic regression modeling,yielding an odds ratio of 3.56[95%confidence interval(CI):1.30-9.75;P=0.013]for the association between high tumor grade and HER2 positivity.Importantly,this relationship remained robust(hazard ratio=3.42,95%CI:1.22-9.60;P=0.019)even after implementing multivariate logistic regression analysis.With a median follow-up time of 8 months(interquartile range,4-14)months,14 patients experienced intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy.Certain patient characteristics,such as HER2-negative,male sex,high-grade tumors,and luminal phenotype,were associated with a higher risk of intravesical recurrence.CONCLUSION In UTUC,HER2 overexpression is closely associated with tumor dedifferentiation(high grade),while it does not correlate with conventional indicators of disease progression,indicating that HER2 may serve a distinct biological function in this cancer type.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the clinical and pathological features of 89 patients presenting as lacrimal gland prolapse(LGP).METHODS:This retrospective study included 89 patients presenting as LGP.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)sc...AIM:To analyze the clinical and pathological features of 89 patients presenting as lacrimal gland prolapse(LGP).METHODS:This retrospective study included 89 patients presenting as LGP.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan was performed for all patients.Pathology and immunohistochemical staining of prolapsed tissue were performed during the surgery.The histopathological subtype was obtained,and the related clinical manifestations of different subtype were marked.RESULTS:Among the 89 patients involved,the histopathological subtype includes dacryoadenitis(43%;n=38),focal lymphocytes infiltration(20%;n=18),immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related lacrimal gland inflammatory disease(15%;n=13),lacrimal gland(13%;n=12),and extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(9%;n=8).As for manifestations of different subtypes,eyelid swelling was found the most frequent of lymphocytes infiltration(44%,n=8),and palpable lacrimal gland mass of dacryoadenitis(55%,n=21).All the IgG4-related lacrimal gland inflammatory disease(100%,n=13)and most dacryoadenitis(97%,n=37)presented as bilateral.CONCLUSION:LGP has the histopathological subtype most commonly as inflammation,followed by structural and lymphoproliferative changes.Most of patients present as eyelid swelling.Clinical manifestations can be significant to differentiate the diagnosis.展开更多
AIM:To study the clinicopathological features of gastric glomus tumor and review the related Chinese literature published in 1990-2010.METHODS:A case of gastric glomus tumor was re-ported.Clinicopathological findings ...AIM:To study the clinicopathological features of gastric glomus tumor and review the related Chinese literature published in 1990-2010.METHODS:A case of gastric glomus tumor was re-ported.Clinicopathological findings in 56 cases of gastric glomus tumor were analyzed.RESULTS:Gastric glomus tumor was far more common in women than in men with a female to male ratio of 1.6:1.The median age of the patients was 45 years(range 28-79 years).The patients often complained of epigastric pain and bloody stool.The tumor was located in antrum of the stomach.The greatest diameter of the tumor was 0.8-11cm.Histologically,the tumor was comprised of nests of glomus cells surrounding the capillaries.Glomus cells were small,uniform and round.Vimentin,smooth muscle actin and actin were expressed in the tumor.Other markers,including S-100 protein,CD34,CD117,desmin,CD56,synaptophysin,chromo-granin A,neuron specific enolase and cytokeratin were all negative.CONCLUSION:Gastric glomus tumor is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm.Its diagnosis depends on pathologic examination.Differential diagnosis includes gastrointestinal stromal tumor,paraganglioma and carcinoid tumor.展开更多
AIM: To investigate HER2 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological variables between proximal and distal gastric cancers (GC) in the Chinese population. METHODS: Immunostaining of HER2 was performed and ...AIM: To investigate HER2 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological variables between proximal and distal gastric cancers (GC) in the Chinese population. METHODS: Immunostaining of HER2 was performed and scored on a scale of 0-3 in 957 consecutive GC cases, according to the revised scoring criteria of HercepTest TM as used in the ToGA trial. Correlations between HER2 expression and clinicopathologic variables of proximal (n = 513) and distal (n = 444) GC were investigated. RESULTS: Our results showed that HER2 expression was significantly higher in the proximal than in distal GC (P < 0.05). Overall, HER2 expression was significantly higher in male patients (P < 0.01), the Lauren intestinal type (P < 0.001), low-grade (P < 0.001) and pM1 (P < 0.01) diseases, respectively. There was a significant difference in HER2 expression among some pTNM stages (P < 0.05). In contrast, HER2 expression in the distal GC was significantly higher in male patients (P < 0.001), low-grade histology (P < 0.001), the Lauren intestinal type(P < 0.001), and pM1 (P < 0.001). In the proximal GC, however, higher HER2 expression scores were observed only in tumors with low-grade histology (P < 0.001) and the Lauren intestinal type (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: HER2 over-expression in GC of Chinese patients was significantly more common in proximal than in distal GC, and significantly correlated with the Lauren intestinal type and low-grade histology in both proximal and distal GC, and with pM1 disease and male gender in distal GC.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the clinicopathological roles of Bmil in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）.METHODS： Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining for Broil were perf...AIM： To investigate the clinicopathological roles of Bmil in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）.METHODS： Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining for Broil were performed in cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous paraffin-embedded esophageal specimens.RESULTS： The Bmil expression level was unaffected by gender and age. The level of Broil mRNA in ESCC was significantly higher than that in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues （2.181 ± 2.158 vs 0.931 ± 0.894, P = 0.0152）, and its over-expression was aggressively associated with lymph node metastasis （3.580 ± 2.487 vs 1.703 ± 0.758, P = 0.0003）, poorer cell differentiation （P = 0.0000） and advanced pathological stage （3.827± 2.673 vs 1.590 ± 0.735, P = 0.0001）. The patients were divided into high-expression and low-expression groups based on the median expression level of Bmi1 mRNA, and a shorter overall survival time in the former group was observed. Immunohistochemistry for Bmi1 oncoprotein showed diffusely positive, focally positive and negative expression in 44, 16 and 10 of 70 ESCC cases, respectively, compared with three, two and five of 10 adjacent non-cancerous cases （P = 0.027）. The positive rate of the oncoprotein in samples of histological grade Ⅲ was higher than that of grade Ⅱ（P = 0.031）, but its expression had no relation to the lymph node metastasis and pathological staging. In 70 ESCC samples, Bmi1 showed high intense expression in the cytoplasm and less or even no expression in the nucleus.CONCLUSION： Bmi1 was over-expressed in ESCC. Increased Bmi1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with ESCC progression, and the oncoprotein was largely distributed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy,with its pathogenesis involving dysregulation of multiple genes,including adenomatous polyposis coli and p53.Emerging evidence suggests that microRNA 195(miR195)plays a critical role in carcinogenesis by modulating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway through phosphatase and tensin homologue(PTEN),thereby influencing cellular metabolism.Loss of PTEN function leads to hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,resulting in upregulated expression of lactate dehydrogenase-5(LDH-5)and promoting the tumor progression.AIM To explore the clinical relevance of miR195,LDH-5,and PTEN expression patterns in CRC patient tissues and their association with clinicopathological features and prognosis.METHODS We enrolled 53 CRC patients who received surgical resection at our hospital from January 2020 to February 2022.Fresh tumor tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues(>5 cm from the tumor margin)were collected.The mRNA expression of miR195 was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,while the protein expression of LDH-5 and PTEN were assessed via immunohistochemistry.Differences in molecular expression between tumor and adjacent normal tissues were compared,along with their correlations with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.RESULTS The positive rate of miR195 in CRC tissues(35.85%)was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues(90.57%).LDH-5 displayed a higher positive rate(79.25%)in the tissues compared to normal tissues(11.32%),while PTEN expression was markedly reduced in tumors(28.30%vs 94.34%,P<0.05).Elevated expression of miR195 was observed in CRC tissues from patients with earlier tumor,node,metastasis(TNM)stages and without lymph node metastasis.Conversely,higher expression of LDH-5 was associated with advanced TNM stages,lower differentiation grades,and the presence of lymph node metastasis.Additionally,PTEN expression was higher in patients with smaller tumor diameters and no lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).In CRC tissues,miR195 showed a negative correlation with LDH-5(r=-0.883,P=0.015)but a positive correlation with PTEN(r=0.429,P=0.006).LDH-5 was negatively associated with PTEN(r=-0.396,P<0.001).Patients with miR195 positivity,LDH-5 negativity,and PTEN positivity demonstrated significantly better prognosis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Low miR195 and PTEN expression,coupled high LDH-5 expression could constitutes a hallmark molecular signature of CRC progression.These signature may act as potential markers for diagnosis and disease assessment,and prognostic evaluation in CRC patients,eventually improving CRC management.
文摘In recent years,there are increasingly more standardized trainings for doctors based on the standardized training outline that is suitable for different grades.Hierarchical training has gradually formed a relatively sound training mode.In reflecting students’learning effect,there is a need for an ideal quality feedback system in the standardized practical skills training for clinical pathology residents.This feedback system can help students achieve the training objectives through understanding and grasping the learning content.
文摘Quantitative analysis of ras oncogene product P21 was performed on paraffin blocks from 55 smooth musele tumors of the gastrointestinal tract by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.No positive evidence for P21 was found in 5 cases of normal smooth muscle tissues.
文摘BACKGROUND Primary ileal squamous cell carcinoma(PISCC)is a rare malignant tumor of the ileum.Its development is an exceptional phenomenon,as the ileal mucosa is lined exclusively by simple columnar epithelium,with no native squamous epithelium under physiological conditions.PISCC accounts for fewer than 0.001%of all intestinal malignancies.As of 2025,only 12 confirmed cases have been documented in the global literature,predominantly as isolated case reports.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old female developed abdominal pain two years after chemotherapy for ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IC1).Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed localized thickening of the small intestinal wall in the right pelvic region with increased metabolic activity,suggesting implantation metastasis.The patient underwent partial ileal resection,intestinal anastomosis,appendectomy,omentectomy,and pericolic lymphadenectomy.Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed a primary ileal low-grade squamous cell carcinoma.Postoperatively,the patient received intravenous doxorubicin plus carboplatin combined with anti-angiogenic targeted therapy.After six cycles,the regimen was changed to paclitaxel plus carboplatin with bevacizumab.Following five cycles,maintenance therapy with intravenous bevacizumab monotherapy was initiated,supplemented with adjunctive hepatoprotective agents.At the 30-month postoperative follow-up,the patient remained progression-free with no clinical or radiologic evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis.CONCLUSION Accurate diagnosis of PISCC requires integration of clinical history,systemic examination,histopathology,and immunohistochemical profiling to reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Project,No.2022-KY1-001-198.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal bronchogenic cysts(EBCs)are usually discovered incidentally during radiologic or endoscopic examinations.They are rare and prone to misdiagnosis or mistreatment.As a submucosal lesion,the endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)characteristics of EBCs are unclear.AIM To analyze the clinicopathological and EUS characteristics of EBCs.METHODS A total of 22 patients with a histological diagnosis of EBCs who underwent EUS examination were retrospectively included.The clinicopathological and EUS features were collected and analyzed.RESULTS Most of the EBCs were asymptomatic,and no malignant transformation or precancerous changes was found histologically.Most of the EBCs were located in the lower esophagus(72.7%,16/22).A total of 90.9%(20/22)of the EBCs originated from the muscularis propria,and 9.1%(2/22)originated from the submucosa.All of the lesions had clear boundaries.In terms of echo,77.3%(17/22)had a hypoechoic pattern,and 22.7%(5/22)had an anechoic pattern.We found floating echoes inside the lesion,which presented as a punctiform hyperecho in 45.5%(10/22)and a flocculent hypoecho in 36.4%(8/22)of the patients.A total of 45.5%(10/22)displayed posterior wall enhancement.Fourteen patients underwent color doppler,and no blood flow signal was identified.On EUS elastography,the EBCs presented a yellow-green or green pattern(100%,6/6).When contrast-enhanced EUS was used,the EBCs showed no enhancement(100%,5/5).CONCLUSION When a submucosal lesion located at the lower esophagus originates from the intrinsic muscle layer,the possibility of EBCs should be noted,the EUS characteristics of which include a hypoecho with a clear boundary and a posterior wall enhancement,a floating echo inside and no blood flow signal,a yellow-green or green pattern on elastography,and no enhancement on contrast EUS.
文摘Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors(UTROSCTs)are characterized by an uncertain malignant potential and exhibit prominent sex cord-like differentiation.The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review the clinicopathological characteristics of UTROSCTs and analyze eight cases of UTROSCTs treated at our hospital.We conducted an extensive review of the relevant literature and gathered pertinent data.In addition,we identified eight patients with UTROSCTs and analyzed their clinical and pathological features,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis.Patients presented with symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding or uterine mass detection.Surgical interventions varied,including total abdominal hysterectomy,bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy,and pelvic lymphadenectomy,with adjuvant therapy given to one patient.All eight patients are currently disease-free,with the longest follow-up period being nearly 10 years.Our systematic review of UTROSCTs summarized the clinical and pathological features and revealed several novel markers,including ESR1-NCOA2-3,GREB1-NCOA1-3,GREB1-CTNNB1,and GREB1-NR4A3.UTROSCTs are rare mesenchymal tumors with unclear histogenesis and uncertain malignant potential.Although our understanding of UTROSCTs remains incomplete,the promising findings and increasing availability of clinical data will contribute to the further understanding and development of this rare neoplasm.
基金partially supported by grants from Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C03G2013079)the General Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education(Y202146219)the Postgraduate Education Research Project of Zhejiang University(20220326)。
文摘Background:The high recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)following curative resection affects patient survival.The present study combined critical clinicopathological features and molecular markers to develop machine learning models to predict the risk of recurrence and mortality.We aimed to individualize risk stratification,post-surgical management strategies,and ultimately improve long-term prognosis for HCC patients with curative resections.Methods:A total of 815 HCC patients undergoing surgical resection were divided randomly into a training cohort(n=652)and a validation cohort(n=163).To build a high-accuracy recurrent/death classifier using clinicopathological characteristics and molecular biomarkers,four different machine learning models,including the Cox proportional risk model,generalized linear model,extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)model,and random survival forest(RSF)model,were developed and comprehensively compared.The outcomes were recurrence-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS).Results:Factors including diabetes,albumin,tumor numbers,HCC diameter,portal vein tumor thrombus,blood loss,mismatch repair protein 2(MSH2),and epithelial membrane antigen were significantly associated with RFS,while albumin,HCC diameter,MSH2,and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)stage were significantly associated with OS.The RSF model not only grouped HCC patients into high-and lowprobability recurrence groups with significant differences in 5-year recurrence probability rate(training cohort:87.3%vs.51.5%,P<0.0001;validation cohort:75.9%vs.64.8%,P<0.0001),but also grouped HCC patients into high-and low-probability death groups with significant differences in 5-year death probability rate(training cohort:56.0%vs.15.3%,P<0.0001;validation cohort:50.0%vs.23.1%,P<0.0001).Conclusions:The RSF model accurately stratified HCC patient into high-and low-risk recurrence or death groups,which guides the surgeons to plan adjuvant therapy after surgery.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic schistosomiasis causes multiple organ and multiple system diseases,especially the digestive system.Schistosome eggs are mainly deposited in the stomach,liver and colorectal,but a few eggs are deposited in the appendix and cause disease.At present,there are few studies on schistosomal appendicitis.AIM To explore the differences in epidemiological,clinical and pathological characteristics between schistosomal appendicitis and non-schistosomal appendicitis over the past decade in order to assess the impact of schistosomiasis on appendicitis.METHODS The differences of general data,clinical data and laboratory examination data of patients with appendicitis from October 2013 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into two groups for analysis.There were 136 patients in schistosomal appendicitis group and 5418 patients in non-schistosomal appendicitis group.RESULTS Schistosomal appendicitis accounted for 2.45%of all patients with appendicitis,and the annual proportion in the past decade was 2.2%,2.9%,1.8%,1.9%,3.4%,3.1%,1.9%,1.6%,3%,2.6%,respectively.The prevalence of schistosomal appendicitis was middle-aged and elderly males,with an average age of 61.73±15.335 years.The main population of non-schistosomal appendicitis was middle-aged men,with an average age of 35.8±24.013 years(P<0.001).The distribution of pathological types of appendicitis was different between the two groups(P<0.001).The incidence of acute suppurative appendicitis in non-schistosomal appendicitis was higher than that in schistosomal appendicitis[odds ratio(OR)=0.504;95%confidence interval(CI):0.349-0.728;P<0.001].The proportion of acute attack of chronic appendicitis in schistosomal appendicitis was higher than that in non-schistosomal appendicitis(OR=2.614;95%CI:1.815-3.763;P<0.001).The proportion of schistosomal appendicitis patients complicated with colorectal cancer was higher than that of nonschistosomal appendicitis patients(OR=5.087;95%CI:1.427-18.132;P=0.012).There was no difference in clinical symptoms between the two groups.In the laboratory examination,there was a significant difference in white blood cells between schistosomal appendicitis and non-schistosomal appendicitis.The level of white blood cells in schistosomal appendicitis group was slightly higher than the upper limit of the normal range.Other statistically significant indicators were in the normal range.CONCLUSION Schistosomal appendicitis is a severe condition that is often associated with intestinal malignancies,potentially leading to a poor prognosis.Schistosomal appendicitis is more likely to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosed in clinical work because of its nonspecific clinical manifestations and laboratory examination.It is crucial to differentiate schistosomal appendicitis in middle-aged and elderly male patients presenting with appendicitis,and to ensure early detection and treatment.
文摘Schistosomal appendicitis(SA)is a rare but serious complication of schistosomiasis,a parasitic disease affecting over 250 million people worldwide.A recent retrospective study by Wang et al provides important insights into the clinicopathological characteristics of SA.The study compared 136 cases of SA to 5418 cases of non-SA over a ten-year period.Key findings include a higher average age of SA patients(61.73 years vs 35.8 years for non-SA),a higher proportion of acute on chronic appendicitis(33.1%vs 16%),and a significantly higher incidence of colorectal cancer(11.7%vs 2.2%).Despite these differences,SA remains a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and lack of specific laboratory findings.The study also highlights the persistent prevalence of SA,accounting for 1.6%-3.4%of all appendicitis cases each year from 2013 to 2023.These findings underscore the need for enhanced awareness,early detection,and prompt treatment of SA in endemic regions.Given the association with colorectal cancer,patients with SA require thorough screening and follow-up.Further research into the pathogenesis and diagnostic markers of SA is warranted.As the global battle against schistosomiasis continues,targeted efforts to diagnose and manage SA can significantly improve patient outcomes.
文摘There are various histological characteristics which have been proposed to predict the survival rate in colon cancer.However,there is no definitive model to accurately predict the survival.Therefore,it is important to find out one model for the prediction of survival in colon cancer which may also include the preoperative,and operative factors in addition to histopathology.
文摘BACKGROUND Perineural invasion(PNI)is common in pancreatic cancer(PC)and is associated with poor prognosis.AIM To investigate the correlation between PNI and clinical pathological features in PC.METHODS Patients were retrospectively divided into non-neural invasion and neural inva-sion groups based on PNI.Differences in tumor location,size,carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)level,overall survival,abdominal pain,pathological type,differentiation,and lymph node invasion were compared.Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed,and a predictive model was constructed.RESULTS The neural invasion group had a higher proportion of tumors in the head,larger size,higher CA19-9 levels,lower survival rates,more abdominal pain,and more lymph node invasion.Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and higher differen-tiation were more common in the neural invasion group.Tumor location,sur-vival,and differentiation were negatively correlated,while size,CA19-9 level,abdominal pain,and lymph node invasion were positively correlated with neural invasion.Tumor location,size,CA19-9 level,abdominal pain,differentiation,and lymph node invasion were independent risk factors.The predictive model showed good consistency with actual occurrence rates.CONCLUSION Tumor location,size,CA19-9 level,abdominal pain,differentiation,and lymph node invasion are important factors in neural invasion and tumor progression in PC.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071750 and 81772713 to Niu H)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tstp20221165 to Niu H).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder(SCCUB).Methods:Clinicopathological data and prognosis of 24 patients with primary SCCUB treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University(from January 2016 to December 2021)were retrospectively collected and compared with 335 patients with primary high-grade urothelial carcinoma(HG-UC)during the same period.The study endpoints were disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS).Results:Of the 24 patients with SCCUB,19 were male and five were female.Eight(33%)cases were pure SCCUB(pSCCUB).Sixteen(67%)cases were mixed SCCUB(mSCCUB),all of which were mixed with urothelial carcinoma.All patients underwent surgery and 13(76%,13/17;seven patients were lost to follow-up)patients received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.We found no significant difference in clinicopathological features between pSCCUB and mSCCUB.However,compared to HG-UC,SCCUB had higher lymph node metastasis(p=0.014),more lymphovascular invasion(p=0.024),higher Ki-67 expression(p<0.001),and more disease progression events(p=0.001).Median DFS and OS for SCCUB were 22 months and 38 months,respectively.The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the pathological type or surgical type did not affect DFS or OS of SCCUB.However,SCCUB patients had worse DFS and OS than HG-UC patients(both p<0.05).The multivariate Cox analysis showed that the tumor size(hazard ratio 1.44,95%CI 1.96–2.15,p=0.048)was an independent factor affecting DFS of SCCUB patients.Conclusion:Compared with the common HG-UC,SCCUB is rare with specific clinicopathological features and a worse prognosis.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFF1204702the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82173151+2 种基金Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.CFH 2022-4-1025Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding,No.XMLX202119Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital,No.PY202329.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric mixed-adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma(G-MANEC)is a subtype of gastric cancer.Building upon prior research findings,we propose that tumours containing both neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)and adenocarcinoma(AC)components,with each component ranging from 1%to 99%of the tumour,be classified as a distinct entity.We hereby term this adenoneuroendocrine mixed gastric cancer(G-ANEC).Research on lymph node(LN)involvement in GMANEC has focused mainly on metastasis status,with limited studies on metastatic composition.AIM To investigate the LN metastasis patterns of G-ANEC,the clinicopathological features associated with these metastasis patterns,and to explore adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for G-ANEC.METHODS We analyzed 68 G-ANEC cases treated with radical surgery and confirmed LN metastasis at Peking University Cancer Hospital between August 2012 and June 2022.Utilizingχ2 tests in IBM statistical product and service solutions statistics and R software.RESULTS We identified three distinct LN metastasis patterns in G-ANEC that were significantly associated with the NEC proportion,tumour invasion depth,Lauren classification,and tumour location(P values:0.008,0.015,0.01,and 0.004,respectively).When the SOX/XELOX regimen was applied for adjuvant chemotherapy,patients with LN metastasis comprising only AC exhibited better overall survival(OS)(94.25±11.07 months vs 54.36±11.36 months)than did those with NEC.When LN metastasis components contained NEC,there was a trend towards improved OS(64±10.77 months vs 54.35±11.36 months)and disease-free survival(71.28±9.92 months vs 66.28±11.93 months)in patients treated with the etoposide and cisplatin compared to those receiving the SOX/XELOX regimen.CONCLUSION We found a significant correlation between the NEC percentage,tumour invasion depth,Lauren classification,and tumour location and LN metastasis patterns in G-ANEC.For G-ANEC,a lower proportion of NEC or AC in the primary lesion does not preclude the possibility of these components metastasizing to the LNs.Different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens should be administered on the basis of the varying components of LN metastasis in patients with G-ANEC.
文摘To the Editor,We have read the article by Gener-Ricos et al.titled"NPM1-mutated myeloid neoplasms are a unique entity not defined by bone marrow blast percentage",published in Cancer[1].This retrospective,cross-sectional pilot study provides valuable insights into the clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of patients with NPM1-mutated myeloid neoplasms(MNs)with less than 20%bone marrow blasts[1].
文摘BACKGROUND The microcystic,elongated,and fragmented(MELF)pattern of invasion in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma(EEC)is a special mode of myometrial invasion that has been recently recognized by the pathology community.Overex-pression of CXC chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)in tumor cells contributes to tumor growth,invasion,angiogenesis,metastasis,and recurrence.AIM To explore the correlation between CXCR4 expression in EEC and MELF invasion and clinicopathological features.METHODS A total of 205 EEC patients treated at Peking University People’s Hospital from June 2020 to December 2021 were selected(60 cases with MELF invasion,145 cases without).The clinicopathological features of the two groups were compared,and expression of CXCR4 protein,estrogen receptor,and progesterone receptor was detected and compared by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS EEC with MELF invasion was significantly associated with low tumor grade,lymphovascular space invasion,deep myometrial invasion,cervical stromal involvement,and lymph node metastasis.There was a difference in CXCR4 expression between the two groups,with the MELF group having a significantly higher expression than the non-MELF group.CONCLUSION CXCR4 expression is significantly increased in EEC with MELF invasion and in the MELF invasion area,which may promote tumor invasion and metastasis and has some value for prognostic assessment.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,No.Z-A20240546Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform Project of Guangxi Medical University,No.2025XJGYC38and Key Textbook Construction Project of Guangxi Medical University,No.Gxmuzdjc2417。
文摘BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)plays pivotal roles in cellular proliferation,survival,and differentiation of several malignancies.Upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC)is a relatively rare malignancy.The clinical and molecular significance of HER2 expression level in UTUC remains poorly characterized vs bladder cancer.AIM To comprehensively evaluate HER2 expression patterns and their association with UTUC patients’clinicopathological features.METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from patients diagnosed with UTUC at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between January 2023 and December 2024.HER2 status was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 145 UTUC patients who met the inclusion criteria.Its associations with tumor grade,tumor stage,and other clinicopathological parameters were assessed.Theχ2 test or Fisher’s exact test,along with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses,were performed to determine the influences of clinicopathological factors on HER2 expression.RESULTS HER2 positivity was significantly associated with high tumor grade(P=0.003),while other variables,including sex,anatomical tumor location,pathological T stage,Ki-67 proliferation index,nodal metastasis status,lymphovascular invasion,and tumor laterality failed to demonstrate statistically significant correlations.These findings were further substantiated through univariate logistic regression modeling,yielding an odds ratio of 3.56[95%confidence interval(CI):1.30-9.75;P=0.013]for the association between high tumor grade and HER2 positivity.Importantly,this relationship remained robust(hazard ratio=3.42,95%CI:1.22-9.60;P=0.019)even after implementing multivariate logistic regression analysis.With a median follow-up time of 8 months(interquartile range,4-14)months,14 patients experienced intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy.Certain patient characteristics,such as HER2-negative,male sex,high-grade tumors,and luminal phenotype,were associated with a higher risk of intravesical recurrence.CONCLUSION In UTUC,HER2 overexpression is closely associated with tumor dedifferentiation(high grade),while it does not correlate with conventional indicators of disease progression,indicating that HER2 may serve a distinct biological function in this cancer type.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82201214,No.82201221)Ophthalmic New Technology Incubation Fund Project of China Primary Health Care Foundation(No.2022 No.005)Shaanxi Key Research and Development Program(No.2021SF-156).
文摘AIM:To analyze the clinical and pathological features of 89 patients presenting as lacrimal gland prolapse(LGP).METHODS:This retrospective study included 89 patients presenting as LGP.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan was performed for all patients.Pathology and immunohistochemical staining of prolapsed tissue were performed during the surgery.The histopathological subtype was obtained,and the related clinical manifestations of different subtype were marked.RESULTS:Among the 89 patients involved,the histopathological subtype includes dacryoadenitis(43%;n=38),focal lymphocytes infiltration(20%;n=18),immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related lacrimal gland inflammatory disease(15%;n=13),lacrimal gland(13%;n=12),and extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(9%;n=8).As for manifestations of different subtypes,eyelid swelling was found the most frequent of lymphocytes infiltration(44%,n=8),and palpable lacrimal gland mass of dacryoadenitis(55%,n=21).All the IgG4-related lacrimal gland inflammatory disease(100%,n=13)and most dacryoadenitis(97%,n=37)presented as bilateral.CONCLUSION:LGP has the histopathological subtype most commonly as inflammation,followed by structural and lymphoproliferative changes.Most of patients present as eyelid swelling.Clinical manifestations can be significant to differentiate the diagnosis.
文摘AIM:To study the clinicopathological features of gastric glomus tumor and review the related Chinese literature published in 1990-2010.METHODS:A case of gastric glomus tumor was re-ported.Clinicopathological findings in 56 cases of gastric glomus tumor were analyzed.RESULTS:Gastric glomus tumor was far more common in women than in men with a female to male ratio of 1.6:1.The median age of the patients was 45 years(range 28-79 years).The patients often complained of epigastric pain and bloody stool.The tumor was located in antrum of the stomach.The greatest diameter of the tumor was 0.8-11cm.Histologically,the tumor was comprised of nests of glomus cells surrounding the capillaries.Glomus cells were small,uniform and round.Vimentin,smooth muscle actin and actin were expressed in the tumor.Other markers,including S-100 protein,CD34,CD117,desmin,CD56,synaptophysin,chromo-granin A,neuron specific enolase and cytokeratin were all negative.CONCLUSION:Gastric glomus tumor is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm.Its diagnosis depends on pathologic examination.Differential diagnosis includes gastrointestinal stromal tumor,paraganglioma and carcinoid tumor.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81101815the Science and Technology Development Project of Medicine in Nanjing, No. YKK08064Jiangsu Health International Exchange Program and Young Talents Training Project of Health in Nanjing
文摘AIM: To investigate HER2 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological variables between proximal and distal gastric cancers (GC) in the Chinese population. METHODS: Immunostaining of HER2 was performed and scored on a scale of 0-3 in 957 consecutive GC cases, according to the revised scoring criteria of HercepTest TM as used in the ToGA trial. Correlations between HER2 expression and clinicopathologic variables of proximal (n = 513) and distal (n = 444) GC were investigated. RESULTS: Our results showed that HER2 expression was significantly higher in the proximal than in distal GC (P < 0.05). Overall, HER2 expression was significantly higher in male patients (P < 0.01), the Lauren intestinal type (P < 0.001), low-grade (P < 0.001) and pM1 (P < 0.01) diseases, respectively. There was a significant difference in HER2 expression among some pTNM stages (P < 0.05). In contrast, HER2 expression in the distal GC was significantly higher in male patients (P < 0.001), low-grade histology (P < 0.001), the Lauren intestinal type(P < 0.001), and pM1 (P < 0.001). In the proximal GC, however, higher HER2 expression scores were observed only in tumors with low-grade histology (P < 0.001) and the Lauren intestinal type (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: HER2 over-expression in GC of Chinese patients was significantly more common in proximal than in distal GC, and significantly correlated with the Lauren intestinal type and low-grade histology in both proximal and distal GC, and with pM1 disease and male gender in distal GC.
基金Supported by Nanjing First Hospital,Nanjing Medical University and Nanjing Health Bureau,No. ZKX0114
文摘AIM： To investigate the clinicopathological roles of Bmil in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）.METHODS： Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining for Broil were performed in cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous paraffin-embedded esophageal specimens.RESULTS： The Bmil expression level was unaffected by gender and age. The level of Broil mRNA in ESCC was significantly higher than that in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues （2.181 ± 2.158 vs 0.931 ± 0.894, P = 0.0152）, and its over-expression was aggressively associated with lymph node metastasis （3.580 ± 2.487 vs 1.703 ± 0.758, P = 0.0003）, poorer cell differentiation （P = 0.0000） and advanced pathological stage （3.827± 2.673 vs 1.590 ± 0.735, P = 0.0001）. The patients were divided into high-expression and low-expression groups based on the median expression level of Bmi1 mRNA, and a shorter overall survival time in the former group was observed. Immunohistochemistry for Bmi1 oncoprotein showed diffusely positive, focally positive and negative expression in 44, 16 and 10 of 70 ESCC cases, respectively, compared with three, two and five of 10 adjacent non-cancerous cases （P = 0.027）. The positive rate of the oncoprotein in samples of histological grade Ⅲ was higher than that of grade Ⅱ（P = 0.031）, but its expression had no relation to the lymph node metastasis and pathological staging. In 70 ESCC samples, Bmi1 showed high intense expression in the cytoplasm and less or even no expression in the nucleus.CONCLUSION： Bmi1 was over-expressed in ESCC. Increased Bmi1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with ESCC progression, and the oncoprotein was largely distributed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells.
