Ultraviolet （UV） solar radiation has a significant influence on human health, the environment and climate. A series of measurements, including UV radiation （290 400 nm） and global solar radiation （Rs）, were cont...Ultraviolet （UV） solar radiation has a significant influence on human health, the environment and climate. A series of measurements, including UV radiation （290 400 nm） and global solar radiation （Rs）, were continuously recorded from August 2004 at the Lhasa and Haibei sites on the Tibetan Plateau. Both observation sites＇ altitudes are above 3000 m and have similar meteorological conditions. The data from 2005 2006 was used to identify the varying characteristics of UV radiation. It＇s relation to the clearness index Ks, the relative optical mass mr, and Rs were established. The annual mean values of total daily UV radiation are 0.92 and 0.67 MJ m^-2 at Lhasa and Haibei, respectively. The UV radiation in Lhasa represented 4.6% of the global solar radiation while in Haibei this percentage was 4.2%. In the case of clear days （Ks 〉 0.8）, these percentages ranged between 4.0% and 4.5% in Lhasa and between 5.1% and 5.5% in Haibei. In the case of cloudy days （Ks 〈 0.4）, these percentages ranged from 4.4% to 6.8% in Lhasa and from 5.1% to 5.5% in Haibei. The maximum values of UV radiation for each relative optical mass diminished exponentially with mr. Thus, for Lhasa and Haibei, UV=46.25mr-129, and UV=51.76mr-142, respectively. The results of this study can be used to obtain more UV radiation data for the study of UV climate characteristics, the effects of UV on ecological processes and the feedback of the thinning of the stratospheric ozone, from more routine measurements Rs data.展开更多
This paper presents the global solar radiation (GSR) and cloud transmittance factor (cf) measured at the horizontal surface over a period of one year from 2009 to 2010 using CMP6 Pyranometer and NILUUV Irradiance Mete...This paper presents the global solar radiation (GSR) and cloud transmittance factor (cf) measured at the horizontal surface over a period of one year from 2009 to 2010 using CMP6 Pyranometer and NILUUV Irradiance Meter at Lukla (Latitude 26.69oN,Longitude 86.73?E and Altitude 2850 m) in the foothills of the Mt Everest (8850 m high). Monthly and seasonal variations of global solar radiation as well as correlation between clearness index and cloud transmittance factor at Lukla are presented. The annual average daily global solar radiation is about 3.83 kWh/sq·m/day which is sufficient to promote solar active and passive energy technology at high mountain terrain where there is no other viable alternative sources of energy. The maximum and minimum global solar radiation of 5.33 and 2.08 kWh/sq·m/day is recorded in April and September 2010 respectively. The seasonal variation of solar energy is about 2.87 kWh/sq·m/day and 4.83 kWh/sq·m/day in summer and spring respectively which is not in line with the general trend. The coefficient of determination (R2) between cloud transmittance factor (cf) and clearness factor (K) is found to be 0.97. This novel result can be utilized to estimate the global solar radiation at the horizontal surface where K and cf are available.展开更多
The exploitation of systems using solar energy as a source of energy is not fluctuations free because of short passage of clouds on solar radiation. The amplitude, the persistence and the frequency of these fluctuatio...The exploitation of systems using solar energy as a source of energy is not fluctuations free because of short passage of clouds on solar radiation. The amplitude, the persistence and the frequency of these fluctuations should be analyzed with appropriate tools, instead of focusing on their location over time. The analysis of these fluctuations should use the instantaneous clearness index whose distribution is given as a first approximation which is independent not only of the season but also of the site. It is important to evaluate the potential solar energy in a region. Indeed such evaluation helps the decision-makers in their reflections on agricultural or photovoltaic solar projects. Then this study was conducted for a predictive purpose. The method used in our work combines the classification method which is the hierarchical ascending classification and two partitioning methods, the principal component?analysis and the K-means method. The partitioning method enabled to?achieve a number of well-known situations (in advance) that are representative of the day. The study was based on the data of a climatic weather station in the district of Yamoussoukro located in the center region of Côte d’Ivoire during the 2017 year. Using the clearness index, the study allowed the classification of the solar radiation in the region. Thus, it showed that only 346 days of the 365 days in 2017 were classified (95%). We identified three clusters of days, the cloudy sky (29%), the partly cloudy sky?(32%) and the clear sky (39%). The statistical tests used for the characterization?of these clusters will be detailed in a future study.展开更多
Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and...Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.展开更多
This paper describes a novel approach in developing a model for forecasting of global insolation on a horizontal plane.In the proposed forecasting model,constraints,such as latitude and whole precipitable water conten...This paper describes a novel approach in developing a model for forecasting of global insolation on a horizontal plane.In the proposed forecasting model,constraints,such as latitude and whole precipitable water content in vertical column of that location,are used.These parameters can be easily measurable with a global positioning system(GPS).The earlier model was developed by using the above datasets generated from different locations in India.The model has been verified by calculating theoretical global insolation for different sites covering east,west,north,south and the central region with the measured values from the same locations.The model has also been validated on a region,from which data was not used during the development of the model.In the model,clearness index coefficients(KT)are updated using the ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF)algorithm.The forecasting efficacies using the KT model and EnKF algorithm have also been verified by comparing two popular algorithms,namely the recursive least square(RLS)and Kalman filter(KF)algorithms.The minimum mean absolute percentage error(MAPE),mean square error(MSE)and correlation coefficient(R)value obtained in global solar insolation estimations using EnKF in one of the locations are 2.4%,0.0285 and 0.9866 respectively.展开更多
Have you ever heard of a "refuge for stars"?Located at an average elevation of over 4,500 meters,Ngari Prefecture boasts world-class night-sky conditions due to minimal atmospheric pollution,abundant clear d...Have you ever heard of a "refuge for stars"?Located at an average elevation of over 4,500 meters,Ngari Prefecture boasts world-class night-sky conditions due to minimal atmospheric pollution,abundant clear days,high transparency,low humidity.展开更多
Types of paper Research Article A complete report on original research.A clear structure is required,including introduction,material and methods,results and discussion,conclusions generally.
Purpose–As an important part of the management of railway passenger transport,the rationality and effectiveness of the clearing method of railway passenger transport are directly related to the operating efficiency a...Purpose–As an important part of the management of railway passenger transport,the rationality and effectiveness of the clearing method of railway passenger transport are directly related to the operating efficiency and service quality of railway passenger transport enterprises.This paper aims to comprehensively and deeply discuss the evolution and development process of China’s railway passenger transport clearing method,analyze its characteristics and influences in each stage,identify the main factors affecting its evolution and development and then put forward thoughts on improving the future development of the clearing method.Design/methodology/approach–Through a detailed review of the railway passenger transport clearing methods from the planned economy period to the reform and opening up period and into the new century,the basis,mode,subject and object of clearing in different development stages are systematically compared.Findings–It comprehensively reveals the evolution of the clearing method,sorted out the characteristics and changes of the clearing method at each stage and the adaptability to the development of railway passenger transport at that time.The characteristics of the development of clearing measures for railway passenger transport in different stages and their far-reaching influence on railway passenger transport business are deeply analyzed.Originality/value–This paper summarized the factors influencing the development of China’s railway passenger transportation clearing approach evolution,including the simplified rules of clearing,enhanced the market adaptability,establishing and perfecting the incentive mechanism,strengthening the construction of informatization,etc.This paper puts forward the ways to improve the railway passenger transportation clearing future development thinking.展开更多
In late May,the city of Dunhuang,a key historical hub of Eastern and Western cultures in Northwest China's Gansu Province,basked in clear and refreshing weather under a brilliant blue sky.The rugged Mingsha Mounta...In late May,the city of Dunhuang,a key historical hub of Eastern and Western cultures in Northwest China's Gansu Province,basked in clear and refreshing weather under a brilliant blue sky.The rugged Mingsha Mountain,renowned for the musical sounds produced by wind-blown sands when the wind blows,stood in silent majesty.To the close north of the mountain's massive golden dunes stood the city's international convention centre,where some 400 vips from 60 countries host cultural exchanges and mutual learning.展开更多
Background:This research aims to investigate potential gene targets and mechanisms through which the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Bupleuri Radix(Chaihu)may impact on clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)treatment...Background:This research aims to investigate potential gene targets and mechanisms through which the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Bupleuri Radix(Chaihu)may impact on clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)treatment.Methods:Public databases were employed to identify Cedrenol,an active component of Bupleuri Radix,and its associated gene targets.Among these,the gene RORC(also known as RORγ)was selected for detailed analysis due to its high expression correlation.Expression levels of RORC across various cancers were assessed using the TCGA pan-cancer dataset.Further analyses,including differential expression,prognostic relevance,immune infiltration,single-gene,and functional enrichment analyses,were conducted using the TCGA ccRCC dataset.Additionally,potential drug sensitivities and molecular docking interactions with RORC were explored using the GSCALite and CellMiner databases.The effects of RORC on ccRCC were also validated through cellular experiments.Results:RORC exhibited elevated expression in clear cell renal carcinoma tissue in contrast to normal tissues,and lower RORC expression was related to better prognosis.Immune cell infiltration analysis suggested that RORC may influence the penetration of cells that inhibit immune responses,such as regulatory T cells,thereby affecting ccRCC progression.Furthermore,molecular docking studies revealed that several drugs,including Axitinib,Docetaxel,Methotrexate,and Temsirolimus,have a high affinity for RORC and exhibit strong molecular binding.In cellular experiment experiments confirmed that RORC knockdown led to reduced proliferation,metastasis,and ccRCC cell invasion.Conclusion:The study implies that RORC may be a potential gene target for Bupleuri Radix in the management of ccRCC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma(RCC)to the skeletal muscle and small bowel is an exceedingly rare occurrence.Both of these sites are unusual sites for RCC to metastasize to and to occur simultaneously is...BACKGROUND Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma(RCC)to the skeletal muscle and small bowel is an exceedingly rare occurrence.Both of these sites are unusual sites for RCC to metastasize to and to occur simultaneously is even less common.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old male with known history of RCC presented with a recurrence that was diagnosed through imaging and biopsies.Mucosa abnormalities of small bowel noted during endoscopy were biopsied as well as lesion in the psoas muscle that was noted.CONCLUSION This case report emphasizes that RCC can not only recur but can do so even decades later and present as metastatic foci at atypical sites.展开更多
Dear Editor,The mammalian brain exhibits cross-scale complexity in neuronal morphology and connectivity,the study of which demands high-resolution morphological reconstruction of individual neurons across the entire b...Dear Editor,The mammalian brain exhibits cross-scale complexity in neuronal morphology and connectivity,the study of which demands high-resolution morphological reconstruction of individual neurons across the entire brain[1-4].Current commonly used approaches for such mesoscale brain mapping include two main types of three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy:the block-face methods,and the lightsheet-based methods[5,6].In general,the high imaging speed and light efficiency of light-sheet microscopy make it a suitable tool for high-throughput volumetric imaging,especially when combined with tissue-clearing techniques.However,large brain samples pose major challenges to this approach.展开更多
Introduction Human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),where the burden of disease remains high~1.The World Health Organ...Introduction Human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),where the burden of disease remains high~1.The World Health Organization(WHO)HPV Vaccine Introduction Clearing House reported that 147 countries(of 194 reporting)had fully introduced the HPV vaccine into their national schedules as of 20242.After COVID-19 pandemic disruptions,global coverage is again increasing.展开更多
Background:Clear cell renal carcinoma(ccRCC),the leading histological subtype of RCC,lacks any targeted therapy options.Although some studies have shown that early growth response factor 1(EGR1)has a significant role ...Background:Clear cell renal carcinoma(ccRCC),the leading histological subtype of RCC,lacks any targeted therapy options.Although some studies have shown that early growth response factor 1(EGR1)has a significant role in cancer development and progression,its role and underlying mechanisms in ccRCC remain poorly understood.Methods:The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was utilized to examine the expression of EGR1 in ccRCC.The expression of EGR1 in 55 ccRCC tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry.The link between EGR1 expression and clinicopathological variables was examined through an analysis.Gain-of-function assays were employed to investigate EGR1’s biological functions in ccRCC cells,involving proliferation,colony formation,invasion assays,and tumorigenesis in nude mice.In order to assess the protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase 15(MAPK15),E-cadherin,matrix metalloproteinase-9/-2(MMP-9 and MMP-2),Western blot technique was applied.Results:The results revealed a decrease in EGR1 expression in ccRCC tissues.This decrease was strongly linked to TNM stage,lymphatic metastasis,tumor size,histological grade,and unfavorable prognosis in ccRCC patients.It has been demonstrated that overexpressing EGR1 inhibits the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo and inhibits cell colony formation,motility,and invasion in vitro.Furthermore,EGR1 can prevent the development and movement of ccRCC cells by controlling the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9,E-cadherin,and MAPK15.Conclusions:The EGR1/MAPK15 axis may represent a promising target for drug development,with EGR1 serving as a possible target for ccRCC therapy.展开更多
Background:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)is an aggressive malignancy associated with limited treatment options and poor prognosis.Emerging studies suggest that the actin-regulating protein actin-related protei...Background:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)is an aggressive malignancy associated with limited treatment options and poor prognosis.Emerging studies suggest that the actin-regulating protein actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B(ARPC1B),a key regulatory protein within the actin cytoskeleton,could play a pivotal role in ccRCC progression.The current study aimed to uncover the biological functions of ARPC1B and the molecular mechanisms driving its effects in ccRCC.Methods:ARPC1B expression and prognostic implications were analyzed using data sourced from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)platform,immunohistochemical(IHC)staining on 150 tumor samples along with 30 corresponding normal tissues,and Western blotting(WB)analyses across multiple ccRCC-derived cell lines.Functional assays assessing cell proliferation,colony formation capability,migration,invasion,and in vivo tumorigenicity were conducted following either ARPC1B suppression or upregulation.Additionally,WB analysis was utilized to evaluate proteins linked to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Results:The findings revealed a substantial elevation of ARPC1B in ccRCC tissues and cell lines,significantly associated with advanced TNM stages,higher Fuhrman grades,and reduced overall survival(OS)(p<0.001).Multivariate statistical analysis identified ARPC1B as a standalone prognostic factor.Silencing ARPC1B notably impaired ccRCC cellular activities,and tumorigenesis in animalmodels,whereas augmented ARPC1B expression enhanced these malignant phenotypes.Mechanistically,downregulation of ARPC1B suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and disrupted EMT,indicated by reducedβ-catenin,c-Myc,cyclin D1,and ZEB-1 levels,and concurrently increased E-cadherin expression.Additionally,reactivation of theWnt/β-catenin pathway partly reversed the inhibitory effects of ARPC1B depletion on tumor growth and invasiveness.Conclusions:ARPC1B emerges as an essential oncogenic factor in ccRCC by stimulating EMT and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,ultimately enhancing tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential.Thus,targeting ARPC1B represents a promising therapeutic strategy,warranting further exploration in ccRCC management.展开更多
Sunshine duration (S) based empirical equations have been employed in this study to estimate the daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface (G) for six meteorological stations in Burundi. Those equations inc...Sunshine duration (S) based empirical equations have been employed in this study to estimate the daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface (G) for six meteorological stations in Burundi. Those equations include the Ångström-Prescott linear model and four amongst its derivatives, i.e. logarithmic, exponential, power and quadratic functions. Monthly mean values of daily global solar radiation and sunshine duration data for a period of 20 to 23 years, from the Geographical Institute of Burundi (IGEBU), have been used. For any of the six stations, ten single or double linear regressions have been developed from the above-said five functions, to relate in terms of monthly mean values, the daily clearness index () to each of the next two kinds of relative sunshine duration (RSD): and . In those ratios, G<sub>0</sub>, S<sub>0 </sub>and stand for the extraterrestrial daily solar radiation on a horizontal surface, the day length and the modified day length taking into account the natural site’s horizon, respectively. According to the calculated mean values of the clearness index and the RSD, each station experiences a high number of fairly clear (or partially cloudy) days. Estimated values of the dependent variable (y) in each developed linear regression, have been compared to measured values in terms of the coefficients of correlation (R) and of determination (R<sub>2</sub>), the mean bias error (MBE), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the t-statistics. Mean values of these statistical indicators have been used to rank, according to decreasing performance level, firstly the ten developed equations per station on account of the overall six stations, secondly the six stations on account of the overall ten equations. Nevertheless, the obtained values of those indicators lay in the next ranges for all the developed sixty equations:;;;, with . These results lead to assert that any of the sixty developed linear regressions (and thus equations in terms of and ), fits very adequately measured data, and should be used to estimate monthly average daily global solar radiation with sunshine duration for the relevant station. It is also found that using as RSD, is slightly more advantageous than using for estimating the monthly average daily clearness index, . Moreover, values of statistical indicators of this study match adequately data from other works on the same kinds of empirical equations.展开更多
基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chi-nese Academy of Sciences (IAP07403)National HighTechnology Research and Development Program of China(No. 2006AA06A301)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Pro-gram of China (No. 2007CB407303)the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China (No. 40525016)
文摘Ultraviolet （UV） solar radiation has a significant influence on human health, the environment and climate. A series of measurements, including UV radiation （290 400 nm） and global solar radiation （Rs）, were continuously recorded from August 2004 at the Lhasa and Haibei sites on the Tibetan Plateau. Both observation sites＇ altitudes are above 3000 m and have similar meteorological conditions. The data from 2005 2006 was used to identify the varying characteristics of UV radiation. It＇s relation to the clearness index Ks, the relative optical mass mr, and Rs were established. The annual mean values of total daily UV radiation are 0.92 and 0.67 MJ m^-2 at Lhasa and Haibei, respectively. The UV radiation in Lhasa represented 4.6% of the global solar radiation while in Haibei this percentage was 4.2%. In the case of clear days （Ks 〉 0.8）, these percentages ranged between 4.0% and 4.5% in Lhasa and between 5.1% and 5.5% in Haibei. In the case of cloudy days （Ks 〈 0.4）, these percentages ranged from 4.4% to 6.8% in Lhasa and from 5.1% to 5.5% in Haibei. The maximum values of UV radiation for each relative optical mass diminished exponentially with mr. Thus, for Lhasa and Haibei, UV=46.25mr-129, and UV=51.76mr-142, respectively. The results of this study can be used to obtain more UV radiation data for the study of UV climate characteristics, the effects of UV on ecological processes and the feedback of the thinning of the stratospheric ozone, from more routine measurements Rs data.
文摘This paper presents the global solar radiation (GSR) and cloud transmittance factor (cf) measured at the horizontal surface over a period of one year from 2009 to 2010 using CMP6 Pyranometer and NILUUV Irradiance Meter at Lukla (Latitude 26.69oN,Longitude 86.73?E and Altitude 2850 m) in the foothills of the Mt Everest (8850 m high). Monthly and seasonal variations of global solar radiation as well as correlation between clearness index and cloud transmittance factor at Lukla are presented. The annual average daily global solar radiation is about 3.83 kWh/sq·m/day which is sufficient to promote solar active and passive energy technology at high mountain terrain where there is no other viable alternative sources of energy. The maximum and minimum global solar radiation of 5.33 and 2.08 kWh/sq·m/day is recorded in April and September 2010 respectively. The seasonal variation of solar energy is about 2.87 kWh/sq·m/day and 4.83 kWh/sq·m/day in summer and spring respectively which is not in line with the general trend. The coefficient of determination (R2) between cloud transmittance factor (cf) and clearness factor (K) is found to be 0.97. This novel result can be utilized to estimate the global solar radiation at the horizontal surface where K and cf are available.
文摘The exploitation of systems using solar energy as a source of energy is not fluctuations free because of short passage of clouds on solar radiation. The amplitude, the persistence and the frequency of these fluctuations should be analyzed with appropriate tools, instead of focusing on their location over time. The analysis of these fluctuations should use the instantaneous clearness index whose distribution is given as a first approximation which is independent not only of the season but also of the site. It is important to evaluate the potential solar energy in a region. Indeed such evaluation helps the decision-makers in their reflections on agricultural or photovoltaic solar projects. Then this study was conducted for a predictive purpose. The method used in our work combines the classification method which is the hierarchical ascending classification and two partitioning methods, the principal component?analysis and the K-means method. The partitioning method enabled to?achieve a number of well-known situations (in advance) that are representative of the day. The study was based on the data of a climatic weather station in the district of Yamoussoukro located in the center region of Côte d’Ivoire during the 2017 year. Using the clearness index, the study allowed the classification of the solar radiation in the region. Thus, it showed that only 346 days of the 365 days in 2017 were classified (95%). We identified three clusters of days, the cloudy sky (29%), the partly cloudy sky?(32%) and the clear sky (39%). The statistical tests used for the characterization?of these clusters will be detailed in a future study.
文摘Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.
基金This work was supported in part by the DST,Govt.of India and British Council,UK vide no.DST/INT/UK/P-178/2017.
文摘This paper describes a novel approach in developing a model for forecasting of global insolation on a horizontal plane.In the proposed forecasting model,constraints,such as latitude and whole precipitable water content in vertical column of that location,are used.These parameters can be easily measurable with a global positioning system(GPS).The earlier model was developed by using the above datasets generated from different locations in India.The model has been verified by calculating theoretical global insolation for different sites covering east,west,north,south and the central region with the measured values from the same locations.The model has also been validated on a region,from which data was not used during the development of the model.In the model,clearness index coefficients(KT)are updated using the ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF)algorithm.The forecasting efficacies using the KT model and EnKF algorithm have also been verified by comparing two popular algorithms,namely the recursive least square(RLS)and Kalman filter(KF)algorithms.The minimum mean absolute percentage error(MAPE),mean square error(MSE)and correlation coefficient(R)value obtained in global solar insolation estimations using EnKF in one of the locations are 2.4%,0.0285 and 0.9866 respectively.
文摘Have you ever heard of a "refuge for stars"?Located at an average elevation of over 4,500 meters,Ngari Prefecture boasts world-class night-sky conditions due to minimal atmospheric pollution,abundant clear days,high transparency,low humidity.
文摘Types of paper Research Article A complete report on original research.A clear structure is required,including introduction,material and methods,results and discussion,conclusions generally.
基金supported by the Research and Development Plan Project of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.(Project No.P2023X029).
文摘Purpose–As an important part of the management of railway passenger transport,the rationality and effectiveness of the clearing method of railway passenger transport are directly related to the operating efficiency and service quality of railway passenger transport enterprises.This paper aims to comprehensively and deeply discuss the evolution and development process of China’s railway passenger transport clearing method,analyze its characteristics and influences in each stage,identify the main factors affecting its evolution and development and then put forward thoughts on improving the future development of the clearing method.Design/methodology/approach–Through a detailed review of the railway passenger transport clearing methods from the planned economy period to the reform and opening up period and into the new century,the basis,mode,subject and object of clearing in different development stages are systematically compared.Findings–It comprehensively reveals the evolution of the clearing method,sorted out the characteristics and changes of the clearing method at each stage and the adaptability to the development of railway passenger transport at that time.The characteristics of the development of clearing measures for railway passenger transport in different stages and their far-reaching influence on railway passenger transport business are deeply analyzed.Originality/value–This paper summarized the factors influencing the development of China’s railway passenger transportation clearing approach evolution,including the simplified rules of clearing,enhanced the market adaptability,establishing and perfecting the incentive mechanism,strengthening the construction of informatization,etc.This paper puts forward the ways to improve the railway passenger transportation clearing future development thinking.
文摘In late May,the city of Dunhuang,a key historical hub of Eastern and Western cultures in Northwest China's Gansu Province,basked in clear and refreshing weather under a brilliant blue sky.The rugged Mingsha Mountain,renowned for the musical sounds produced by wind-blown sands when the wind blows,stood in silent majesty.To the close north of the mountain's massive golden dunes stood the city's international convention centre,where some 400 vips from 60 countries host cultural exchanges and mutual learning.
基金supported by Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology,Innovation and Development Joint Fund(No.2022CFD145)Young Talents Project of Hubei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZY2023Q002).
文摘Background:This research aims to investigate potential gene targets and mechanisms through which the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Bupleuri Radix(Chaihu)may impact on clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)treatment.Methods:Public databases were employed to identify Cedrenol,an active component of Bupleuri Radix,and its associated gene targets.Among these,the gene RORC(also known as RORγ)was selected for detailed analysis due to its high expression correlation.Expression levels of RORC across various cancers were assessed using the TCGA pan-cancer dataset.Further analyses,including differential expression,prognostic relevance,immune infiltration,single-gene,and functional enrichment analyses,were conducted using the TCGA ccRCC dataset.Additionally,potential drug sensitivities and molecular docking interactions with RORC were explored using the GSCALite and CellMiner databases.The effects of RORC on ccRCC were also validated through cellular experiments.Results:RORC exhibited elevated expression in clear cell renal carcinoma tissue in contrast to normal tissues,and lower RORC expression was related to better prognosis.Immune cell infiltration analysis suggested that RORC may influence the penetration of cells that inhibit immune responses,such as regulatory T cells,thereby affecting ccRCC progression.Furthermore,molecular docking studies revealed that several drugs,including Axitinib,Docetaxel,Methotrexate,and Temsirolimus,have a high affinity for RORC and exhibit strong molecular binding.In cellular experiment experiments confirmed that RORC knockdown led to reduced proliferation,metastasis,and ccRCC cell invasion.Conclusion:The study implies that RORC may be a potential gene target for Bupleuri Radix in the management of ccRCC.
文摘BACKGROUND Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma(RCC)to the skeletal muscle and small bowel is an exceedingly rare occurrence.Both of these sites are unusual sites for RCC to metastasize to and to occur simultaneously is even less common.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old male with known history of RCC presented with a recurrence that was diagnosed through imaging and biopsies.Mucosa abnormalities of small bowel noted during endoscopy were biopsied as well as lesion in the psoas muscle that was noted.CONCLUSION This case report emphasizes that RCC can not only recur but can do so even decades later and present as metastatic foci at atypical sites.
基金supported by the STI 2030-Major Project(2021ZD0204400,2022ZD0205203,2021ZD0200104,2022ZD0211900)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(RCYX20210706092100003,RCBS20221008093311027)+3 种基金the Shenzhen Medical Research Funds(A2303005)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2022367)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100896)NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund(U20A6005).
文摘Dear Editor,The mammalian brain exhibits cross-scale complexity in neuronal morphology and connectivity,the study of which demands high-resolution morphological reconstruction of individual neurons across the entire brain[1-4].Current commonly used approaches for such mesoscale brain mapping include two main types of three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy:the block-face methods,and the lightsheet-based methods[5,6].In general,the high imaging speed and light efficiency of light-sheet microscopy make it a suitable tool for high-throughput volumetric imaging,especially when combined with tissue-clearing techniques.However,large brain samples pose major challenges to this approach.
文摘Introduction Human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),where the burden of disease remains high~1.The World Health Organization(WHO)HPV Vaccine Introduction Clearing House reported that 147 countries(of 194 reporting)had fully introduced the HPV vaccine into their national schedules as of 20242.After COVID-19 pandemic disruptions,global coverage is again increasing.
基金supported by grants from the Shenzhen Basic Research Project(JCYJ20210324125803008)the Shenzhen Longhua District Science and Innovation Bureau Fund for Medical Institutions(2022143).
文摘Background:Clear cell renal carcinoma(ccRCC),the leading histological subtype of RCC,lacks any targeted therapy options.Although some studies have shown that early growth response factor 1(EGR1)has a significant role in cancer development and progression,its role and underlying mechanisms in ccRCC remain poorly understood.Methods:The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was utilized to examine the expression of EGR1 in ccRCC.The expression of EGR1 in 55 ccRCC tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry.The link between EGR1 expression and clinicopathological variables was examined through an analysis.Gain-of-function assays were employed to investigate EGR1’s biological functions in ccRCC cells,involving proliferation,colony formation,invasion assays,and tumorigenesis in nude mice.In order to assess the protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase 15(MAPK15),E-cadherin,matrix metalloproteinase-9/-2(MMP-9 and MMP-2),Western blot technique was applied.Results:The results revealed a decrease in EGR1 expression in ccRCC tissues.This decrease was strongly linked to TNM stage,lymphatic metastasis,tumor size,histological grade,and unfavorable prognosis in ccRCC patients.It has been demonstrated that overexpressing EGR1 inhibits the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo and inhibits cell colony formation,motility,and invasion in vitro.Furthermore,EGR1 can prevent the development and movement of ccRCC cells by controlling the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9,E-cadherin,and MAPK15.Conclusions:The EGR1/MAPK15 axis may represent a promising target for drug development,with EGR1 serving as a possible target for ccRCC therapy.
文摘Background:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)is an aggressive malignancy associated with limited treatment options and poor prognosis.Emerging studies suggest that the actin-regulating protein actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B(ARPC1B),a key regulatory protein within the actin cytoskeleton,could play a pivotal role in ccRCC progression.The current study aimed to uncover the biological functions of ARPC1B and the molecular mechanisms driving its effects in ccRCC.Methods:ARPC1B expression and prognostic implications were analyzed using data sourced from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)platform,immunohistochemical(IHC)staining on 150 tumor samples along with 30 corresponding normal tissues,and Western blotting(WB)analyses across multiple ccRCC-derived cell lines.Functional assays assessing cell proliferation,colony formation capability,migration,invasion,and in vivo tumorigenicity were conducted following either ARPC1B suppression or upregulation.Additionally,WB analysis was utilized to evaluate proteins linked to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Results:The findings revealed a substantial elevation of ARPC1B in ccRCC tissues and cell lines,significantly associated with advanced TNM stages,higher Fuhrman grades,and reduced overall survival(OS)(p<0.001).Multivariate statistical analysis identified ARPC1B as a standalone prognostic factor.Silencing ARPC1B notably impaired ccRCC cellular activities,and tumorigenesis in animalmodels,whereas augmented ARPC1B expression enhanced these malignant phenotypes.Mechanistically,downregulation of ARPC1B suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and disrupted EMT,indicated by reducedβ-catenin,c-Myc,cyclin D1,and ZEB-1 levels,and concurrently increased E-cadherin expression.Additionally,reactivation of theWnt/β-catenin pathway partly reversed the inhibitory effects of ARPC1B depletion on tumor growth and invasiveness.Conclusions:ARPC1B emerges as an essential oncogenic factor in ccRCC by stimulating EMT and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,ultimately enhancing tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential.Thus,targeting ARPC1B represents a promising therapeutic strategy,warranting further exploration in ccRCC management.
文摘Sunshine duration (S) based empirical equations have been employed in this study to estimate the daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface (G) for six meteorological stations in Burundi. Those equations include the Ångström-Prescott linear model and four amongst its derivatives, i.e. logarithmic, exponential, power and quadratic functions. Monthly mean values of daily global solar radiation and sunshine duration data for a period of 20 to 23 years, from the Geographical Institute of Burundi (IGEBU), have been used. For any of the six stations, ten single or double linear regressions have been developed from the above-said five functions, to relate in terms of monthly mean values, the daily clearness index () to each of the next two kinds of relative sunshine duration (RSD): and . In those ratios, G<sub>0</sub>, S<sub>0 </sub>and stand for the extraterrestrial daily solar radiation on a horizontal surface, the day length and the modified day length taking into account the natural site’s horizon, respectively. According to the calculated mean values of the clearness index and the RSD, each station experiences a high number of fairly clear (or partially cloudy) days. Estimated values of the dependent variable (y) in each developed linear regression, have been compared to measured values in terms of the coefficients of correlation (R) and of determination (R<sub>2</sub>), the mean bias error (MBE), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the t-statistics. Mean values of these statistical indicators have been used to rank, according to decreasing performance level, firstly the ten developed equations per station on account of the overall six stations, secondly the six stations on account of the overall ten equations. Nevertheless, the obtained values of those indicators lay in the next ranges for all the developed sixty equations:;;;, with . These results lead to assert that any of the sixty developed linear regressions (and thus equations in terms of and ), fits very adequately measured data, and should be used to estimate monthly average daily global solar radiation with sunshine duration for the relevant station. It is also found that using as RSD, is slightly more advantageous than using for estimating the monthly average daily clearness index, . Moreover, values of statistical indicators of this study match adequately data from other works on the same kinds of empirical equations.
