Misinformation has led to a crisis of digital wellbeing,especially in smart cities as networked connectivity has placed increasing pressures on individuals’mental and social health.Current academic and popular discou...Misinformation has led to a crisis of digital wellbeing,especially in smart cities as networked connectivity has placed increasing pressures on individuals’mental and social health.Current academic and popular discourses of digital wellbeing lack discussions on digital citizenship and are encoded in ideologies of neoliberal health,techno-solutionism and techno-determinism.This paper introduces an original digital wellbeing indicator framework to mitigate this crisis and address these gaps by identifying the mutual relationality between urban intelligence and digital citizenship as a key driver of digital wellbeing in the smart city.This paper argues that such an indicator framework is necessary to equip smart cities to move beyond efficiency metrics by embedding human-centred measures of balance,safety,and agency,ensuring that technological progress enhances,rather than erodes,the quality of urban life.展开更多
Chongqing,the only municipality directly under the central government in China’s central and western regions,is distinguished by its unique identity as both a“mountain city”and a“river city.”Recognized as the bir...Chongqing,the only municipality directly under the central government in China’s central and western regions,is distinguished by its unique identity as both a“mountain city”and a“river city.”Recognized as the birthplace of Bayu culture,an influential ancient culture native to the Chongqing area,the city boasts a recorded history of more than 3,000 years.As a crucial strategic hub in the development of China’s western regions,Chongqing occupies a pivotal position in the interconnected networks fostered by the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Leveraging the golden waterway of the Yangtze River,the China-Europe Railway Express(Chengdu-Chongqing),and the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor,Chongqing has emerged as a crucial gateway for China’s opening-up.展开更多
Air pollution is a major challenge to the improvement of urban environmental quality.The control of air pollution still faces severe challenges,especially in developing countries,such as ozone pollution control.Ozone ...Air pollution is a major challenge to the improvement of urban environmental quality.The control of air pollution still faces severe challenges,especially in developing countries,such as ozone pollution control.Ozone is a typical secondary air pollutant,and its formation chemistry from its precursors(NOx and volatile organic compounds)is highly nonlinear,which caused the emission reduction of its precursors is not always effective and therefore new assisted approaches to control of ozone pollution are needed.Photocatalysis and ambient catalysis technology are expected to be applied in open atmosphere as a new booster to the direct purification of air pollutants in emission sources.In this perspective,we summarize the current knowledge about the photocatalysis and ambient catalysis technology for the removal of air pollutants under natural photothermal conditions.Based on these technologies,we propose the concept of“Environmental Catalytic City”,which refers to the spontaneous purification of low concentration urban air pollutants in the atmosphere by catalytic materials coating on the artificial surfaces,such as building surfaces in the city.In this way,the urban city with self-purification function can remove air pollution without additional energy consumption.The further improvement,development,and application of the“Environmental Catalytic City”is also discussed.展开更多
Groundwater and surface water contamination by PTE(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Ruashi and Annexe municipalities of Lubumbashi city.Analyses of seventy water samples collected from six drilled wells,eigh...Groundwater and surface water contamination by PTE(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Ruashi and Annexe municipalities of Lubumbashi city.Analyses of seventy water samples collected from six drilled wells,eight spade-sunk wells,one river and one spring in both municipalities in 2017 and 2018 were carried out by ICP-SF-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry).Twenty PTEs including aluminum,arsenic,barium,bismuth,cadmium,cesium,chromium,cobalt,copper,iron,lead,manganese,molybdenum,nickel,strontium,thallium,tungsten,uranium,vanadium and zinc were detected at various concentrations in each one of the samples.Many samples had concentrations and mean concentrations of PTEs,such as aluminum,cadmium,copper,iron,lead,manganese,nickel and zinc,higher than the respective acceptable limits set for drinking water by the EU(European Union),the USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency),and the WHO(World Health Organization)standards.Most PTEs being deleterious to human health even at very low concentrations,people who use the groundwater and surface water to meet their water needs in both Ruashi and Annexe municipalities are at risk.展开更多
As urbanization accelerates globally,air pollution-particularly PM_(2.5)-is becoming an increasingly significant threat,not only to public health but also the environment.In-depth research on the impact of China’s Ze...As urbanization accelerates globally,air pollution-particularly PM_(2.5)-is becoming an increasingly significant threat,not only to public health but also the environment.In-depth research on the impact of China’s Zero Waste City pilot policy on PM_(2.5)concentration offers valuable insights into the policy’s effectiveness and provides a potential model for environmental governance worldwide.This study employs panel data from 293 Chinese cities from 2014 to 2022 to systematically analyze the impact of the Zero-Waste City policy on PM_(2.5)concentration using a difference-in-differences model.The findings indicate that the policy not only directly reduces PM_(2.5)concentration but also indirectly curbs PM_(2.5)emissions by enhancing green innovation and green economic efficiency.Moreover,the policy’s effects are found to be positively moderated by urban energy dependence and digital financial inclusion,while they are negatively moderated by the government debt ratio.Based on these findings,this study suggests that cities should actively develop their digital economy,reduce government debt,promote green innovation,and improve green economic efficiency,as doing so will enhance their implementation of environmental policies and promote sustainable urban development.展开更多
The rapid urbanization and increasing challenges are faced by cities globally,including climate change,population growth,and resource constraints.Sustainable smart city(also referred to as“smart sustainable city”)ca...The rapid urbanization and increasing challenges are faced by cities globally,including climate change,population growth,and resource constraints.Sustainable smart city(also referred to as“smart sustainable city”)can offer innovative solutions by integrating advanced technologies to build smarter,greener,and more livable urban environments with significant benefits.Using the Web of Science(WoS)database,this study examined:(i)the mainstream approaches and current research trends in the literature of sustainable smart city;(ii)the extent to which the research of sustainable smart city aligns with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs);(iii)the current topics and collaboration patterns in sustainable smart city research;and(iv)the potential opportunities for future research on the sustainable smart city field.The findings indicated that research on sustainable smart city began in 2010 and gained significant momentum in 2013,with China leading,followed by Italy and Spain.Moreover,59.00%of the selected publications on the research of sustainable smart city focus on SDG 11(Sustainable Cities and Communities).Bibliometric analysis outcome revealed that artificial intelligence(AI),big data,machine learning,and deep learning are emerging research fields.The terms smart city,smart cities,and sustainability emerged as the top three co-occurring keywords with the highest link strength,followed by frequently co-occurring keywords such as AI,innovation,big data,urban governance,resilience,machine learning,and Internet of Things(IoT).The clustering results indicated that current studies explored the theoretical foundation,challenges,and future prospects of sustainable smart city,with an emphasis on sustainability.To further support urban sustainability and the attainment of SDGs,the future research of sustainable smart city should explore the application and implications of AI and big data on urban development including cybersecurity and governance challenges.展开更多
Despite the global attention towards pollution,it remains a significant global threat and challenge for both developed and developing countries.Urbanization and economic development influence different types of pollut...Despite the global attention towards pollution,it remains a significant global threat and challenge for both developed and developing countries.Urbanization and economic development influence different types of pollution.Visual pollution is considered a new phenomenon referring to the impact of existing and growing mainstream pollution which impairs an individual’s ability to enjoy visits or views.Recently,Jordanian cities have expanded in response to urbanization and ongoing development.Irbid City has the second largest population in Jordan after the capital Amman City highest population density in Jordan.In the modern era,Irbid City dramatically increased in population and dimension.The growth of the demographic population has been significant and has led to overpopulation,rapid urbanization,and unresolved problems associated with spatial planning and infrastructures leading to different types of pollution including visual pollution.The study area focuses on the city center with the most crowded population through field visits and actual observations.The study technique is descriptive and analytical,with a focus on meticulous monitoring and a follow-up-based questionnaire which is a tool for the study,involving data collection,classification,presentation,analysis,interpretation,and exploration to identify new facts and generalizations that can help solve current issues of visual pollution.The study provides recommendations for Irbid Municipal to eliminate visual pollution,in parallel with stricter supervision from the municipality during the building process to ensure proper implementation of the new rules,adopting an integrated policy for the city with the rest of the social,political,sensory,cultural,economic,and functional aspects,so that this policy is in the short and long term.展开更多
Enhancing the agricultural product brand construction serves as an effective measure to accelerate agricultural and rural modernization,as well as an essential requirement for comprehensively promoting rural revitaliz...Enhancing the agricultural product brand construction serves as an effective measure to accelerate agricultural and rural modernization,as well as an essential requirement for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.To facilitate the development of agricultural product brands,optimize the agricultural industry structure,and further achieve the strategic goals of rural revitalization,this study takes Pingguo City in Guangxi as a case study.Using the SWOT analysis method,the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats of agricultural product brand construction in Pingguo City are examined.Based on this analysis,corresponding strategies are proposed to enhance the brand development of agricultural products in the region.展开更多
Everyone certainly has a dream city in their heart,whether it is a romantic city like Paris or a fast-paced city like Shanghai.However,my dream city is a place where modernization coexists(共存)with history and nature...Everyone certainly has a dream city in their heart,whether it is a romantic city like Paris or a fast-paced city like Shanghai.However,my dream city is a place where modernization coexists(共存)with history and nature harmoniously.It’s a place that resembles a highly motivated(激励)youth with courage,strong willpower and ambition.Now let me introduce.展开更多
From a distance,they look like vivid pieces of abstract art-but move a little closer and dozens of small and characterful portraits shine out of the work.The ambitious idea of the City of Portraits project,a decade in...From a distance,they look like vivid pieces of abstract art-but move a little closer and dozens of small and characterful portraits shine out of the work.The ambitious idea of the City of Portraits project,a decade in the making and nowhere near complete,is to record the faces of all 1,800 people who live in Britain's smallest city,St Davids in south-west Wales.展开更多
The entomofauna in the Republic of Congo is very little known. Studies carried out in natural forests are few. It is in this context that this inventory of entomofauna was carried out from April to July 2022 in the Sc...The entomofauna in the Republic of Congo is very little known. Studies carried out in natural forests are few. It is in this context that this inventory of entomofauna was carried out from April to July 2022 in the Scientific City Forest. The general objective is to contribute to the knowledge of the trapping, mowing and sight hunting;the three types of traps used are: Barber pots, colored plates and aerial traps. This study made it possible to invent 1523 specimens belonging to 106 species, 99 genera, 59 families and 12 orders. The order Diptera is the most abundant and richest in species (47% and 26%). This order is followed by Hymenoptera (23% and 23%). Formicidae (14%) and Calliphoridae (13%) are the most abundant families. The Formicidae family presents the greatest species richness (7%), Calliphora sp and Polyrhachis cyaniventris present the highest specific relative abundance of the entire collection. These preliminary results of the entomofauna of Scientific City constitute a database. However, this study must be continued and extended to other areas of Brazzaville, using other capture techniques and taking into account the seasons.展开更多
Climate change is a pressing global environmental issue^([1]).The gradual rise in global surface temperature is the most immediate and direct among its public health impacts.Influenza,the leading cause of human respir...Climate change is a pressing global environmental issue^([1]).The gradual rise in global surface temperature is the most immediate and direct among its public health impacts.Influenza,the leading cause of human respiratory viral infections,remains a substantial public health concern owing to its considerable disease burden,particularly in highrisk groups.Mounting epidemiological evidence has linked influenza to extreme heat and cold weather^([2–4]).展开更多
在互联网时代,语言的演变与不断创新促成了许多网络流行语。随着网络语言的不断发展,“city不city”这一新兴用语在年轻群体中广泛传播。其独特的表达方式不仅丰富了语言的多样性,而且还反映了年轻人的审美取向、现代社会对时尚生活的追...在互联网时代,语言的演变与不断创新促成了许多网络流行语。随着网络语言的不断发展,“city不city”这一新兴用语在年轻群体中广泛传播。其独特的表达方式不仅丰富了语言的多样性,而且还反映了年轻人的审美取向、现代社会对时尚生活的追求,以及跨文化交流中语言融合的社会文化现象。本文聚焦于“city不city”这一流行语的起源和流行机制,包括其演变过程、模因传播理论等方面,揭示了其独特的语用特征和文化内涵。本文认为,“city不city”不仅是一个简单的网络流行语,更是社会文化变迁和语言发展的缩影,其背后蕴含着丰富的社会意义和文化价值。In the Internet era, the evolution and continuous innovation of language have contributed to many network buzzwords. With the continuous development of network language, the emerging term “city not city” has spread widely among young people. Its unique way of expression not only enriches the diversity of languages, but also reflects the aesthetic orientation of young people, the pursuit of fashionable life in modern society, and the social and cultural phenomenon of language integration in cross-cultural communication. This paper focuses on the origin and popular mechanism of the buzzword “city not city”, including its evolution process and the spread of meme theory, and reveals its unique pragmatic characteristics and cultural connotation. This paper holds that “city not city” is not only a simple network buzzword, but also a microcosm of social and cultural changes and language development, which contains rich social significance and cultural value.展开更多
基金Grant from Centre for Trusted Internet and Community at the National University of Singapore(Project Number:CTIC-IP-21-01).
文摘Misinformation has led to a crisis of digital wellbeing,especially in smart cities as networked connectivity has placed increasing pressures on individuals’mental and social health.Current academic and popular discourses of digital wellbeing lack discussions on digital citizenship and are encoded in ideologies of neoliberal health,techno-solutionism and techno-determinism.This paper introduces an original digital wellbeing indicator framework to mitigate this crisis and address these gaps by identifying the mutual relationality between urban intelligence and digital citizenship as a key driver of digital wellbeing in the smart city.This paper argues that such an indicator framework is necessary to equip smart cities to move beyond efficiency metrics by embedding human-centred measures of balance,safety,and agency,ensuring that technological progress enhances,rather than erodes,the quality of urban life.
文摘Chongqing,the only municipality directly under the central government in China’s central and western regions,is distinguished by its unique identity as both a“mountain city”and a“river city.”Recognized as the birthplace of Bayu culture,an influential ancient culture native to the Chongqing area,the city boasts a recorded history of more than 3,000 years.As a crucial strategic hub in the development of China’s western regions,Chongqing occupies a pivotal position in the interconnected networks fostered by the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Leveraging the golden waterway of the Yangtze River,the China-Europe Railway Express(Chengdu-Chongqing),and the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor,Chongqing has emerged as a crucial gateway for China’s opening-up.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.52425003,22188102,and 52400144)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.BX20220325 and 2023M743707)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(Nos.Y2021020 and Y2022023).
文摘Air pollution is a major challenge to the improvement of urban environmental quality.The control of air pollution still faces severe challenges,especially in developing countries,such as ozone pollution control.Ozone is a typical secondary air pollutant,and its formation chemistry from its precursors(NOx and volatile organic compounds)is highly nonlinear,which caused the emission reduction of its precursors is not always effective and therefore new assisted approaches to control of ozone pollution are needed.Photocatalysis and ambient catalysis technology are expected to be applied in open atmosphere as a new booster to the direct purification of air pollutants in emission sources.In this perspective,we summarize the current knowledge about the photocatalysis and ambient catalysis technology for the removal of air pollutants under natural photothermal conditions.Based on these technologies,we propose the concept of“Environmental Catalytic City”,which refers to the spontaneous purification of low concentration urban air pollutants in the atmosphere by catalytic materials coating on the artificial surfaces,such as building surfaces in the city.In this way,the urban city with self-purification function can remove air pollution without additional energy consumption.The further improvement,development,and application of the“Environmental Catalytic City”is also discussed.
基金funding received from UNESCO-SIDA Project as well as Professor Martine Leermakers and Professor Willy Baeyens for their financial help to analyze the water samples in their laboratory at VUB.Acknowledgements
文摘Groundwater and surface water contamination by PTE(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Ruashi and Annexe municipalities of Lubumbashi city.Analyses of seventy water samples collected from six drilled wells,eight spade-sunk wells,one river and one spring in both municipalities in 2017 and 2018 were carried out by ICP-SF-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry).Twenty PTEs including aluminum,arsenic,barium,bismuth,cadmium,cesium,chromium,cobalt,copper,iron,lead,manganese,molybdenum,nickel,strontium,thallium,tungsten,uranium,vanadium and zinc were detected at various concentrations in each one of the samples.Many samples had concentrations and mean concentrations of PTEs,such as aluminum,cadmium,copper,iron,lead,manganese,nickel and zinc,higher than the respective acceptable limits set for drinking water by the EU(European Union),the USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency),and the WHO(World Health Organization)standards.Most PTEs being deleterious to human health even at very low concentrations,people who use the groundwater and surface water to meet their water needs in both Ruashi and Annexe municipalities are at risk.
基金The authors declare that fund support was received from National Social Science Fund of China[Grant No.23BJL010].
文摘As urbanization accelerates globally,air pollution-particularly PM_(2.5)-is becoming an increasingly significant threat,not only to public health but also the environment.In-depth research on the impact of China’s Zero Waste City pilot policy on PM_(2.5)concentration offers valuable insights into the policy’s effectiveness and provides a potential model for environmental governance worldwide.This study employs panel data from 293 Chinese cities from 2014 to 2022 to systematically analyze the impact of the Zero-Waste City policy on PM_(2.5)concentration using a difference-in-differences model.The findings indicate that the policy not only directly reduces PM_(2.5)concentration but also indirectly curbs PM_(2.5)emissions by enhancing green innovation and green economic efficiency.Moreover,the policy’s effects are found to be positively moderated by urban energy dependence and digital financial inclusion,while they are negatively moderated by the government debt ratio.Based on these findings,this study suggests that cities should actively develop their digital economy,reduce government debt,promote green innovation,and improve green economic efficiency,as doing so will enhance their implementation of environmental policies and promote sustainable urban development.
文摘The rapid urbanization and increasing challenges are faced by cities globally,including climate change,population growth,and resource constraints.Sustainable smart city(also referred to as“smart sustainable city”)can offer innovative solutions by integrating advanced technologies to build smarter,greener,and more livable urban environments with significant benefits.Using the Web of Science(WoS)database,this study examined:(i)the mainstream approaches and current research trends in the literature of sustainable smart city;(ii)the extent to which the research of sustainable smart city aligns with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs);(iii)the current topics and collaboration patterns in sustainable smart city research;and(iv)the potential opportunities for future research on the sustainable smart city field.The findings indicated that research on sustainable smart city began in 2010 and gained significant momentum in 2013,with China leading,followed by Italy and Spain.Moreover,59.00%of the selected publications on the research of sustainable smart city focus on SDG 11(Sustainable Cities and Communities).Bibliometric analysis outcome revealed that artificial intelligence(AI),big data,machine learning,and deep learning are emerging research fields.The terms smart city,smart cities,and sustainability emerged as the top three co-occurring keywords with the highest link strength,followed by frequently co-occurring keywords such as AI,innovation,big data,urban governance,resilience,machine learning,and Internet of Things(IoT).The clustering results indicated that current studies explored the theoretical foundation,challenges,and future prospects of sustainable smart city,with an emphasis on sustainability.To further support urban sustainability and the attainment of SDGs,the future research of sustainable smart city should explore the application and implications of AI and big data on urban development including cybersecurity and governance challenges.
文摘Despite the global attention towards pollution,it remains a significant global threat and challenge for both developed and developing countries.Urbanization and economic development influence different types of pollution.Visual pollution is considered a new phenomenon referring to the impact of existing and growing mainstream pollution which impairs an individual’s ability to enjoy visits or views.Recently,Jordanian cities have expanded in response to urbanization and ongoing development.Irbid City has the second largest population in Jordan after the capital Amman City highest population density in Jordan.In the modern era,Irbid City dramatically increased in population and dimension.The growth of the demographic population has been significant and has led to overpopulation,rapid urbanization,and unresolved problems associated with spatial planning and infrastructures leading to different types of pollution including visual pollution.The study area focuses on the city center with the most crowded population through field visits and actual observations.The study technique is descriptive and analytical,with a focus on meticulous monitoring and a follow-up-based questionnaire which is a tool for the study,involving data collection,classification,presentation,analysis,interpretation,and exploration to identify new facts and generalizations that can help solve current issues of visual pollution.The study provides recommendations for Irbid Municipal to eliminate visual pollution,in parallel with stricter supervision from the municipality during the building process to ensure proper implementation of the new rules,adopting an integrated policy for the city with the rest of the social,political,sensory,cultural,economic,and functional aspects,so that this policy is in the short and long term.
基金Supported by Young and Middle-aged Project of Universities in Guangxi(2021KY1914).
文摘Enhancing the agricultural product brand construction serves as an effective measure to accelerate agricultural and rural modernization,as well as an essential requirement for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.To facilitate the development of agricultural product brands,optimize the agricultural industry structure,and further achieve the strategic goals of rural revitalization,this study takes Pingguo City in Guangxi as a case study.Using the SWOT analysis method,the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats of agricultural product brand construction in Pingguo City are examined.Based on this analysis,corresponding strategies are proposed to enhance the brand development of agricultural products in the region.
文摘Everyone certainly has a dream city in their heart,whether it is a romantic city like Paris or a fast-paced city like Shanghai.However,my dream city is a place where modernization coexists(共存)with history and nature harmoniously.It’s a place that resembles a highly motivated(激励)youth with courage,strong willpower and ambition.Now let me introduce.
文摘From a distance,they look like vivid pieces of abstract art-but move a little closer and dozens of small and characterful portraits shine out of the work.The ambitious idea of the City of Portraits project,a decade in the making and nowhere near complete,is to record the faces of all 1,800 people who live in Britain's smallest city,St Davids in south-west Wales.
文摘The entomofauna in the Republic of Congo is very little known. Studies carried out in natural forests are few. It is in this context that this inventory of entomofauna was carried out from April to July 2022 in the Scientific City Forest. The general objective is to contribute to the knowledge of the trapping, mowing and sight hunting;the three types of traps used are: Barber pots, colored plates and aerial traps. This study made it possible to invent 1523 specimens belonging to 106 species, 99 genera, 59 families and 12 orders. The order Diptera is the most abundant and richest in species (47% and 26%). This order is followed by Hymenoptera (23% and 23%). Formicidae (14%) and Calliphoridae (13%) are the most abundant families. The Formicidae family presents the greatest species richness (7%), Calliphora sp and Polyrhachis cyaniventris present the highest specific relative abundance of the entire collection. These preliminary results of the entomofauna of Scientific City constitute a database. However, this study must be continued and extended to other areas of Brazzaville, using other capture techniques and taking into account the seasons.
基金supported by a Grant-inAid for Scientific Research(KAKENHI)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(grant no.22J23183)。
文摘Climate change is a pressing global environmental issue^([1]).The gradual rise in global surface temperature is the most immediate and direct among its public health impacts.Influenza,the leading cause of human respiratory viral infections,remains a substantial public health concern owing to its considerable disease burden,particularly in highrisk groups.Mounting epidemiological evidence has linked influenza to extreme heat and cold weather^([2–4]).
文摘在互联网时代,语言的演变与不断创新促成了许多网络流行语。随着网络语言的不断发展,“city不city”这一新兴用语在年轻群体中广泛传播。其独特的表达方式不仅丰富了语言的多样性,而且还反映了年轻人的审美取向、现代社会对时尚生活的追求,以及跨文化交流中语言融合的社会文化现象。本文聚焦于“city不city”这一流行语的起源和流行机制,包括其演变过程、模因传播理论等方面,揭示了其独特的语用特征和文化内涵。本文认为,“city不city”不仅是一个简单的网络流行语,更是社会文化变迁和语言发展的缩影,其背后蕴含着丰富的社会意义和文化价值。In the Internet era, the evolution and continuous innovation of language have contributed to many network buzzwords. With the continuous development of network language, the emerging term “city not city” has spread widely among young people. Its unique way of expression not only enriches the diversity of languages, but also reflects the aesthetic orientation of young people, the pursuit of fashionable life in modern society, and the social and cultural phenomenon of language integration in cross-cultural communication. This paper focuses on the origin and popular mechanism of the buzzword “city not city”, including its evolution process and the spread of meme theory, and reveals its unique pragmatic characteristics and cultural connotation. This paper holds that “city not city” is not only a simple network buzzword, but also a microcosm of social and cultural changes and language development, which contains rich social significance and cultural value.
