Background The Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training(ReCEnT)project is an Australian general practice vocational training programme with integrated and interdependent education and research functions.Trainees(regi...Background The Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training(ReCEnT)project is an Australian general practice vocational training programme with integrated and interdependent education and research functions.Trainees(registrars)contemporaneously document in-consultation clinical experience and actions.Objectives Using a realist lens,we elucidate the mechanisms underpinning project outcomes to answer questions around programme effectiveness,impacts,sustainability and the lessons and findings that are translatable to other primary care training programmes.Methods The context,input,process and product framework was used.As a means to understand the interactions between each of the interdependent components,it allows for inferences regarding causal mechanisms for specific outcomes.Results Context:ReCEnT occurs within an apprenticeship-like model of general practice vocational training entailing a central supervisor/apprentice relationship.ReCEnT has demystified the content and characteristics of registrar consultations.Input:multiple stakeholder involvement is both advantageous and a logistical challenge,with the programme’s success dependent on registrars,practices and training providers providing detailed and accurate data,with prompt subsequent processing.Process:contemporaneous consultation data collection in different stages of training constitutes a component of registrars’programmatic assessment.Product:individualised feedback provides educational benefit through reflection.Clinical and educational research questions can be addressed with resulting research translation feeding back into the programme model and government policy.Clinical behaviour change is also evaluated.Conclusion ReCEnT is unique,globally,in its scope and longevity(2010–present).Creation of meaningful,individualised feedback facilitates reflection and provides both immediate educational benefits and the substrate for further research,programme and policy design and targeted formal teaching and learning.展开更多
To promote sustainability, it has become increasingly vital to properly account material and energy flows in industrial production processes. Therefore, a generic process-level input-output （IO） model was developed ...To promote sustainability, it has become increasingly vital to properly account material and energy flows in industrial production processes. Therefore, a generic process-level input-output （IO） model was developed to provide an integrated energy （material） accounting and analysis approach for industrial production processes. By extending the existing processlevel IO models, the production, usage, export and loss of by-products were explicitly considered in the proposed IO model. Moreover, the by-products allocation procedures were incorporated into the proposed IO model to reflect individual contributions of products to energy consumption. Finally, the proposed model enabled calculating embodied energy of main products and total energy consumption under hierarchical accounting scope. Plant managers, energy management consultants, governmental officials and academic researchers could use this input-output model to account material and energy flows, thus calculating energy consumption indicators of a production process with their specific system boundary requirements. The accounting results could be further used for energy labeling, identifying bottlenecks of production activities, evaluating industrial symbiosis effects, improving materials and energy utilization efficiency, etc. The model could also be used as a planning tool to determine the effect that a particular change of technology and supply chains may have on the industrial production processes. The proposed model was tested and applied in a real integrated steel mill, which also provided the reference results for related researches. At last, some concepts, computational issues and limi- tations of the proposed model were discussed.展开更多
This study takes the virtual business society environment(VBSE)practical training course as a case study and applies the theoretical framework of the context,input,process,product(CIPP)model to construct an evaluation...This study takes the virtual business society environment(VBSE)practical training course as a case study and applies the theoretical framework of the context,input,process,product(CIPP)model to construct an evaluation indicator system for the application of civic and politics in professional practice courses.The context evaluation is measured from the support of the VBSE practical training course into course civic and politics,teachers’cognition,and the integration of course objectives;the input evaluation is measured from the matching degree of teachers’civic and political competence,and the matching degree of teaching resources;the process evaluation is measured from the degree of implementation of civic and politics teaching and the degree of students’acceptance;and the product evaluation is measured from the degree of impact of civic and politics teaching.展开更多
针对现有MOESP(multiple-input multiple-output output-error state space model identification)和N4SID(numerical algorithm for subspace state space systemidentification)算法在计算状态空间模型系统矩阵(A、B、C、D)时的不足,...针对现有MOESP(multiple-input multiple-output output-error state space model identification)和N4SID(numerical algorithm for subspace state space systemidentification)算法在计算状态空间模型系统矩阵(A、B、C、D)时的不足,提出1种改进的子空间辨识方法。该方法利用MOESP算法可以根据系统观测矩阵直接计算出系统矩阵A和输出矩阵C的优点,先计算矩阵A和C,然后采用N4SID算法计算输入矩阵B和前馈矩阵D。该方法既能够避免MOESP算法在计算矩阵B和D时需要构建大矩阵的缺点,又能避免N4SID算法在计算矩阵A和C时需要求解线性最小二乘的问题,降低了算法的复杂性。将该算法应用于某天然气电站和Alstom气化炉模型的辨识中,通过考核算法的CPU运算时间、CPU浮点数运算次数(floating-pointoperations,FLOPS)和相对误差等指标,将该算法与原有MOESP和N4SID算法进行了比较。计算结果表明,改进的子空间辨识算法能够在保证较好辨识精度的前提下,提高原有算法的计算效率,特别是在大容量数据样本条件下,能够有效降低CPU运算时间和FLOPS。展开更多
文摘Background The Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training(ReCEnT)project is an Australian general practice vocational training programme with integrated and interdependent education and research functions.Trainees(registrars)contemporaneously document in-consultation clinical experience and actions.Objectives Using a realist lens,we elucidate the mechanisms underpinning project outcomes to answer questions around programme effectiveness,impacts,sustainability and the lessons and findings that are translatable to other primary care training programmes.Methods The context,input,process and product framework was used.As a means to understand the interactions between each of the interdependent components,it allows for inferences regarding causal mechanisms for specific outcomes.Results Context:ReCEnT occurs within an apprenticeship-like model of general practice vocational training entailing a central supervisor/apprentice relationship.ReCEnT has demystified the content and characteristics of registrar consultations.Input:multiple stakeholder involvement is both advantageous and a logistical challenge,with the programme’s success dependent on registrars,practices and training providers providing detailed and accurate data,with prompt subsequent processing.Process:contemporaneous consultation data collection in different stages of training constitutes a component of registrars’programmatic assessment.Product:individualised feedback provides educational benefit through reflection.Clinical and educational research questions can be addressed with resulting research translation feeding back into the programme model and government policy.Clinical behaviour change is also evaluated.Conclusion ReCEnT is unique,globally,in its scope and longevity(2010–present).Creation of meaningful,individualised feedback facilitates reflection and provides both immediate educational benefits and the substrate for further research,programme and policy design and targeted formal teaching and learning.
文摘To promote sustainability, it has become increasingly vital to properly account material and energy flows in industrial production processes. Therefore, a generic process-level input-output （IO） model was developed to provide an integrated energy （material） accounting and analysis approach for industrial production processes. By extending the existing processlevel IO models, the production, usage, export and loss of by-products were explicitly considered in the proposed IO model. Moreover, the by-products allocation procedures were incorporated into the proposed IO model to reflect individual contributions of products to energy consumption. Finally, the proposed model enabled calculating embodied energy of main products and total energy consumption under hierarchical accounting scope. Plant managers, energy management consultants, governmental officials and academic researchers could use this input-output model to account material and energy flows, thus calculating energy consumption indicators of a production process with their specific system boundary requirements. The accounting results could be further used for energy labeling, identifying bottlenecks of production activities, evaluating industrial symbiosis effects, improving materials and energy utilization efficiency, etc. The model could also be used as a planning tool to determine the effect that a particular change of technology and supply chains may have on the industrial production processes. The proposed model was tested and applied in a real integrated steel mill, which also provided the reference results for related researches. At last, some concepts, computational issues and limi- tations of the proposed model were discussed.
基金2022 Southwest Forestry University Educational Science Research Project:Surface Project Grant(Project number:YB202227)Grant No.42 of 2024 Curriculum Civics Construction(Teaching Research Project)of Southwest Forestry University。
文摘This study takes the virtual business society environment(VBSE)practical training course as a case study and applies the theoretical framework of the context,input,process,product(CIPP)model to construct an evaluation indicator system for the application of civic and politics in professional practice courses.The context evaluation is measured from the support of the VBSE practical training course into course civic and politics,teachers’cognition,and the integration of course objectives;the input evaluation is measured from the matching degree of teachers’civic and political competence,and the matching degree of teaching resources;the process evaluation is measured from the degree of implementation of civic and politics teaching and the degree of students’acceptance;and the product evaluation is measured from the degree of impact of civic and politics teaching.
文摘针对现有MOESP(multiple-input multiple-output output-error state space model identification)和N4SID(numerical algorithm for subspace state space systemidentification)算法在计算状态空间模型系统矩阵(A、B、C、D)时的不足,提出1种改进的子空间辨识方法。该方法利用MOESP算法可以根据系统观测矩阵直接计算出系统矩阵A和输出矩阵C的优点,先计算矩阵A和C,然后采用N4SID算法计算输入矩阵B和前馈矩阵D。该方法既能够避免MOESP算法在计算矩阵B和D时需要构建大矩阵的缺点,又能避免N4SID算法在计算矩阵A和C时需要求解线性最小二乘的问题,降低了算法的复杂性。将该算法应用于某天然气电站和Alstom气化炉模型的辨识中,通过考核算法的CPU运算时间、CPU浮点数运算次数(floating-pointoperations,FLOPS)和相对误差等指标,将该算法与原有MOESP和N4SID算法进行了比较。计算结果表明,改进的子空间辨识算法能够在保证较好辨识精度的前提下,提高原有算法的计算效率,特别是在大容量数据样本条件下,能够有效降低CPU运算时间和FLOPS。
