The activity of tritiated water has been standardized by two liquid scintillation counting methods:The CIEMAT/NIST method with the54Mn-standard efficiency tracing and the triple-to-double coincidence ratio(TDCR)method...The activity of tritiated water has been standardized by two liquid scintillation counting methods:The CIEMAT/NIST method with the54Mn-standard efficiency tracing and the triple-to-double coincidence ratio(TDCR)method.The samples were prepared with Ultima Gold TM AB liquid scintillation cocktail in low-potassium glass vials.In the application of the CIEMAT/NIST method,the computer program EMILIA was used to calculate the efficiency of3H and54Mn according to the KL1L2L3M atomic rearrangement model.And the detection efficiency of the TDCR counter was calculated using TDCR07 code,which makes it possible to allow for the potential asymmetry between the three photomultiplier tubes.The influence of stopping power and k B factor is discussed in the paper.When a power approach is adopted for the stopping power for electrons below 1ke V and k B is chosen to be 0.0075 cm/Me V,the relative deviation will be only 0.3%between the two methods.展开更多
The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF) serves as a voluntary guideline aimed at helping organizations, tiny and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and critical infrastructure operators, effectively manage cyber ris...The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF) serves as a voluntary guideline aimed at helping organizations, tiny and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and critical infrastructure operators, effectively manage cyber risks. Although comprehensive, the complexity of the NIST CSF can be overwhelming, especially for those lacking extensive cybersecurity resources. Current implementation tools often cater to larger companies, neglecting the specific needs of SMEs, which can be vulnerable to cyber threats. To address this gap, our research proposes a user-friendly, open-source web platform designed to simplify the implementation of the NIST CSF. This platform enables organizations to assess their risk exposure and continuously monitor their cybersecurity maturity through tailored recommendations based on their unique profiles. Our methodology includes a literature review of existing tools and standards, followed by a description of the platform’s design and architecture. Initial tests with SMEs in Burkina Faso reveal a concerning cybersecurity maturity level, indicating the urgent need for improved strategies based on our findings. By offering an intuitive interface and cross-platform accessibility, this solution aims to empower organizations to enhance their cybersecurity resilience in an evolving threat landscape. The article concludes with discussions on the practical implications and future enhancements of the tool.展开更多
标准物质在质量保证、技术创新、仪器校准、数据可比性、国家竞争力和国际贸易中发挥着关键作用,有力助推高质量发展战略。本文重点基于美国国家标准与技术研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)标准物质研制及...标准物质在质量保证、技术创新、仪器校准、数据可比性、国家竞争力和国际贸易中发挥着关键作用,有力助推高质量发展战略。本文重点基于美国国家标准与技术研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)标准物质研制及应用开展研究分析,梳理美国NIST标准物质涉及的环境监测、大众健康、食品安全、法庭科学、新材料以及高端仪器制造等领域的标准物质研制概况,分析美国NIST标准物质应用领域及发展趋势,结合海关标准物质应用场景需求,探讨海关标准物质应用及研发策略。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91126002 and 11405071)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2012ZX06004-005)
文摘The activity of tritiated water has been standardized by two liquid scintillation counting methods:The CIEMAT/NIST method with the54Mn-standard efficiency tracing and the triple-to-double coincidence ratio(TDCR)method.The samples were prepared with Ultima Gold TM AB liquid scintillation cocktail in low-potassium glass vials.In the application of the CIEMAT/NIST method,the computer program EMILIA was used to calculate the efficiency of3H and54Mn according to the KL1L2L3M atomic rearrangement model.And the detection efficiency of the TDCR counter was calculated using TDCR07 code,which makes it possible to allow for the potential asymmetry between the three photomultiplier tubes.The influence of stopping power and k B factor is discussed in the paper.When a power approach is adopted for the stopping power for electrons below 1ke V and k B is chosen to be 0.0075 cm/Me V,the relative deviation will be only 0.3%between the two methods.
文摘The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF) serves as a voluntary guideline aimed at helping organizations, tiny and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and critical infrastructure operators, effectively manage cyber risks. Although comprehensive, the complexity of the NIST CSF can be overwhelming, especially for those lacking extensive cybersecurity resources. Current implementation tools often cater to larger companies, neglecting the specific needs of SMEs, which can be vulnerable to cyber threats. To address this gap, our research proposes a user-friendly, open-source web platform designed to simplify the implementation of the NIST CSF. This platform enables organizations to assess their risk exposure and continuously monitor their cybersecurity maturity through tailored recommendations based on their unique profiles. Our methodology includes a literature review of existing tools and standards, followed by a description of the platform’s design and architecture. Initial tests with SMEs in Burkina Faso reveal a concerning cybersecurity maturity level, indicating the urgent need for improved strategies based on our findings. By offering an intuitive interface and cross-platform accessibility, this solution aims to empower organizations to enhance their cybersecurity resilience in an evolving threat landscape. The article concludes with discussions on the practical implications and future enhancements of the tool.
文摘标准物质在质量保证、技术创新、仪器校准、数据可比性、国家竞争力和国际贸易中发挥着关键作用,有力助推高质量发展战略。本文重点基于美国国家标准与技术研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)标准物质研制及应用开展研究分析,梳理美国NIST标准物质涉及的环境监测、大众健康、食品安全、法庭科学、新材料以及高端仪器制造等领域的标准物质研制概况,分析美国NIST标准物质应用领域及发展趋势,结合海关标准物质应用场景需求,探讨海关标准物质应用及研发策略。
