Introduction: Family planning is an important service for everyone and contributes to the protection of women from unwanted pregnancies. In Burundi, it remains at a low rate due to different factors such as fear of si...Introduction: Family planning is an important service for everyone and contributes to the protection of women from unwanted pregnancies. In Burundi, it remains at a low rate due to different factors such as fear of side effects, low education level, and notably religious guidance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice regarding family planning among Christians pregnant women of Gihanga attending antenatal care at vyizigiro Health center. Methods: This cross-sectional study of Christians pregnant women attending antenatal care was conducted at Vyizigiro health center of Gihanga, Burundi in May 2021. The data were collected on a small sheet done in English, and translated into Kirundi’s local language. In this study, were included all women fulfilled all criteria, and were excluded from all impregnated women who were not Christians and refused to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: In the current study, among 129 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Vyizigiro Health center in the period of 1 to 30 October 2020, 118 of them were interviewed. The study found that the participants have low knowledge regarding family planning as participants scored less than 50% in all items assessed for knowledge and its practice was hindered by religious guidance (41.7%), while others refused modern contraceptives for fear of side effects (13%), lack of sufficient information about it (7.4%) and 5.6% were denied by their husband. Conclusion: This study found a low knowledge and practice regarding family planning among the Christians pregnant women of Gihanga attending antenatal care at Vyizigiro health center due to their religious beliefs, fear of side effects, and lack of sufficient information or their husband who don’t want family planning services.展开更多
This paper discusses the Bible in relation to the history and culture of the Jewish people along with its place in world culture.Through translation and Christianity its influence extended into the development of lite...This paper discusses the Bible in relation to the history and culture of the Jewish people along with its place in world culture.Through translation and Christianity its influence extended into the development of literacy among many of the language’s world.The biblical promise to Abraham continues today in the reemergence of the Jewish people as a sovereign nation in the land of Israel after two millennia of wandering.While Bible stories and poetry,primarily through the Psalms,inspired creativity in the visual arts,literature,and music throughout in the Western world.展开更多
The establishment of British Colonial Administration in Manipur in 1891,have far-reaching effects on changes in the lives of the tribals of Manipur.This change was facilitated and augmented by the partnership of the c...The establishment of British Colonial Administration in Manipur in 1891,have far-reaching effects on changes in the lives of the tribals of Manipur.This change was facilitated and augmented by the partnership of the colonists with the Christian missionaries,the latter’s arrival coinciding with the establishment of colonial rule.The British colonists required the help of the missionaries in establishing control over the tribals.The missionary in turn accepted grants,state endowments,and official government appointments from the colonists.This made them subservient to the colonial officers.The colonists also wanted the missionaries to facilitate the spread of modern education as the missionaries did as they believed that in order to read and understand the Gospel,a person needs to be educated.The impact of Colonialism on the lives of the tribals is show-cased in the lives and careers of two remarkable tribal gentlemen viz.Mr.T.C.Tiankham and Maj.Ralengnao Bob Khathing,who like the colonists were a part of history in the making.展开更多
Whether the recent “Pandemic Pestilences” are of clear sign for the “World End”? Both “Atheists” and “Christians” have deeply believed so. During such a subtle time-period, many exciting results can be produce...Whether the recent “Pandemic Pestilences” are of clear sign for the “World End”? Both “Atheists” and “Christians” have deeply believed so. During such a subtle time-period, many exciting results can be produced by the Internet Institutes.展开更多
Does the recent pandemic COVID-19 mean a very clear sign to eliminate our Earth? For such a “Living” and “Dying” problem, the answers from both “Atheists” and “Christians” are exactly the same. What we address...Does the recent pandemic COVID-19 mean a very clear sign to eliminate our Earth? For such a “Living” and “Dying” problem, the answers from both “Atheists” and “Christians” are exactly the same. What we addressed here are of “When”? and “Why”?展开更多
Natural poems,especially fisherman’s poems,can always reflect different outlooks on life of Chinese and western poets.And such differences mainly result from cultural backgrounds.Under the influence of Christian beli...Natural poems,especially fisherman’s poems,can always reflect different outlooks on life of Chinese and western poets.And such differences mainly result from cultural backgrounds.Under the influence of Christian belief,western fisherman’s poems attached more significance to the afterlife,while Chinese poets always express satisfaction in the unity of man and nature in this life,as a result of the influence of Confucianism and Taoism.展开更多
This essay analyzes the two Christians, who are Reverend Master Dimmesdale in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter and Vicar General Claude Frollo in Victor Hugo's Notre Dame de Paris. These two men have m...This essay analyzes the two Christians, who are Reverend Master Dimmesdale in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter and Vicar General Claude Frollo in Victor Hugo's Notre Dame de Paris. These two men have many similarities and differences. This essay posits their personalities and life experiences to discuss similarities and differences.展开更多
Shakespeare is the greatest poet, Playwright in English Renaissance period. His plays include comedy, tragedy and historical plays, which shows a humanistic attitude toward world. His play Romeo and Julie appeals to t...Shakespeare is the greatest poet, Playwright in English Renaissance period. His plays include comedy, tragedy and historical plays, which shows a humanistic attitude toward world. His play Romeo and Julie appeals to the world for its abundant themes and poetic language which arouse many comments upon it. In this essay, the author tries to analyze the theme of death from the western philosophy: Christian world view and Existentialism philosophy about death.展开更多
This paper focuses on cultural conflicts,mainly conflicts of God oriented and people oriented world view,different view towards human nature- virtue culture and guilt culture,the theology that all are equal before God...This paper focuses on cultural conflicts,mainly conflicts of God oriented and people oriented world view,different view towards human nature- virtue culture and guilt culture,the theology that all are equal before God and hierarchical order tradition,monotheism and polytheism,conflict between the doctrine and the concept of clan,briefly,that between Chinese traditional culture and Christian doctrine in the process of the religion disseminating in China.It also touches upon the beneficial attributes of Chinese culture for the fusion of the two culture patterns.展开更多
Tensta-Rinkeby and Skarholmen are two suburbs of Stockholm which are characterized of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious population created by immigration during the last decades. Many of those living in Tensta-Rinkeb...Tensta-Rinkeby and Skarholmen are two suburbs of Stockholm which are characterized of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious population created by immigration during the last decades. Many of those living in Tensta-Rinkeby and Skaholmen are Muslims, and others are Christians-native Protestants or Catholic and Orthodox immigrants. This article presents data from interviews with Muslim and Christian informants, leaders as well as lay persons, on how they look upon each other across religious borders. The information is classified and interpreted according to models used by scholars in theology of religion. Some informants give vague answers due to the fact that issues of assessing beliefs of others are seldom treated in their churches and mosques. Articulated opinions can be classified from a replacement to an acceptance-model with a bulk of proponents for a fulfillment-model in the middle. Finally the article discusses the importance of how religious actors teach and act in multi-religious milieus.展开更多
Is the Christian doctrine espoused by contemporary Christians really the true meaning of Christ?What is the basic doctrine of Christ?How should believers believe in and practice Christian doctrine?This article analyze...Is the Christian doctrine espoused by contemporary Christians really the true meaning of Christ?What is the basic doctrine of Christ?How should believers believe in and practice Christian doctrine?This article analyzes this and distinguishes between the faithful of Christ and that of the church,two types of believers who are similar in form but not identical in nature.展开更多
Christianity dominated the Middle Ages,thus produced the allegorical interpretation in the explanation of the Bible.Augustine fashioned a theory of signification that would dominate Western hermeneutics for ten centur...Christianity dominated the Middle Ages,thus produced the allegorical interpretation in the explanation of the Bible.Augustine fashioned a theory of signification that would dominate Western hermeneutics for ten centuries after his death.St.Thomas's work was seeking the marriage of reason and faith.Dante argued that the full four levels of meaning in Biblical exegesis was founded in secular poetry.展开更多
A Farewell to Arms is not only a love story or a story about war. In this book, Hemingway held a special view on the war. He connected Christian with the war. A Farewell to Arms discloses that due to the sin of war, h...A Farewell to Arms is not only a love story or a story about war. In this book, Hemingway held a special view on the war. He connected Christian with the war. A Farewell to Arms discloses that due to the sin of war, human being is destined to ruin and the only way out lies in the pursuit of true love and peace. This thematic motif is particularly enhanced with the development of the major plot: the hero's spiritual conversion process. The two images teeming with biblical illusions incarnate the author's doctrine of biblical"original sin"while the major plot process comes to show the conflicts between the good and the evil as had been the case in Bible. It is clear that there is an obsessed religious complex and Christian perspective in Hemingway's understanding of the nature of war and his meditation of the fate of human being.展开更多
John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the Christian doctrines of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through four stages of development on the path to...John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the Christian doctrines of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through four stages of development on the path to salvation.This paper is focused on the earlier two stages,that is,the repentance of sins and the temptations after conversion.展开更多
Drawing upon the theory of reception aesthetics, this dissertation aims to discuss the translator's translation of You Can YouWill. Beginning with preliminary background information, e.g. the source book and write...Drawing upon the theory of reception aesthetics, this dissertation aims to discuss the translator's translation of You Can YouWill. Beginning with preliminary background information, e.g. the source book and writer, the translator further introduces theories andprevious related research, including Christian work. There are two representatives of reception theory; the translator stresses Jauss' per-spective of reception aesthetics, detailing his two key notions: the reader's decisive role and horizon of expectation. These notions shiftthe focus from the writer and text to the reader, which is a proven method to make the translation more acceptable to readers. Based onthe translation brief, target readers are Christians. During the translation process, the translator keeps key notions of reception aestheticstop-of-mind and strives to produce a version suitable for Christian readers. Some strategies, e.g. domestication and footnoting, are em-ployed to discuss the translation of biblical terms, Christian expressions, verses or stories from the Bible, metaphors and cultural items.In addition to these strategies, all translation is in accordance with CUV when encountering Bible-related text, due to CUV's authorityamong all versions of the Bible. Lastly, the translator provides conclusive remarks based on analysis as well as suggestions for further re-search. Limitations of this study are also mentioned.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Family planning is an important service for everyone and contributes to the protection of women from unwanted pregnancies. In Burundi, it remains at a low rate due to different factors such as fear of side effects, low education level, and notably religious guidance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice regarding family planning among Christians pregnant women of Gihanga attending antenatal care at vyizigiro Health center. Methods: This cross-sectional study of Christians pregnant women attending antenatal care was conducted at Vyizigiro health center of Gihanga, Burundi in May 2021. The data were collected on a small sheet done in English, and translated into Kirundi’s local language. In this study, were included all women fulfilled all criteria, and were excluded from all impregnated women who were not Christians and refused to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: In the current study, among 129 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Vyizigiro Health center in the period of 1 to 30 October 2020, 118 of them were interviewed. The study found that the participants have low knowledge regarding family planning as participants scored less than 50% in all items assessed for knowledge and its practice was hindered by religious guidance (41.7%), while others refused modern contraceptives for fear of side effects (13%), lack of sufficient information about it (7.4%) and 5.6% were denied by their husband. Conclusion: This study found a low knowledge and practice regarding family planning among the Christians pregnant women of Gihanga attending antenatal care at Vyizigiro health center due to their religious beliefs, fear of side effects, and lack of sufficient information or their husband who don’t want family planning services.
文摘This paper discusses the Bible in relation to the history and culture of the Jewish people along with its place in world culture.Through translation and Christianity its influence extended into the development of literacy among many of the language’s world.The biblical promise to Abraham continues today in the reemergence of the Jewish people as a sovereign nation in the land of Israel after two millennia of wandering.While Bible stories and poetry,primarily through the Psalms,inspired creativity in the visual arts,literature,and music throughout in the Western world.
文摘The establishment of British Colonial Administration in Manipur in 1891,have far-reaching effects on changes in the lives of the tribals of Manipur.This change was facilitated and augmented by the partnership of the colonists with the Christian missionaries,the latter’s arrival coinciding with the establishment of colonial rule.The British colonists required the help of the missionaries in establishing control over the tribals.The missionary in turn accepted grants,state endowments,and official government appointments from the colonists.This made them subservient to the colonial officers.The colonists also wanted the missionaries to facilitate the spread of modern education as the missionaries did as they believed that in order to read and understand the Gospel,a person needs to be educated.The impact of Colonialism on the lives of the tribals is show-cased in the lives and careers of two remarkable tribal gentlemen viz.Mr.T.C.Tiankham and Maj.Ralengnao Bob Khathing,who like the colonists were a part of history in the making.
文摘Whether the recent “Pandemic Pestilences” are of clear sign for the “World End”? Both “Atheists” and “Christians” have deeply believed so. During such a subtle time-period, many exciting results can be produced by the Internet Institutes.
文摘Does the recent pandemic COVID-19 mean a very clear sign to eliminate our Earth? For such a “Living” and “Dying” problem, the answers from both “Atheists” and “Christians” are exactly the same. What we addressed here are of “When”? and “Why”?
文摘Natural poems,especially fisherman’s poems,can always reflect different outlooks on life of Chinese and western poets.And such differences mainly result from cultural backgrounds.Under the influence of Christian belief,western fisherman’s poems attached more significance to the afterlife,while Chinese poets always express satisfaction in the unity of man and nature in this life,as a result of the influence of Confucianism and Taoism.
文摘This essay analyzes the two Christians, who are Reverend Master Dimmesdale in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter and Vicar General Claude Frollo in Victor Hugo's Notre Dame de Paris. These two men have many similarities and differences. This essay posits their personalities and life experiences to discuss similarities and differences.
文摘Shakespeare is the greatest poet, Playwright in English Renaissance period. His plays include comedy, tragedy and historical plays, which shows a humanistic attitude toward world. His play Romeo and Julie appeals to the world for its abundant themes and poetic language which arouse many comments upon it. In this essay, the author tries to analyze the theme of death from the western philosophy: Christian world view and Existentialism philosophy about death.
文摘This paper focuses on cultural conflicts,mainly conflicts of God oriented and people oriented world view,different view towards human nature- virtue culture and guilt culture,the theology that all are equal before God and hierarchical order tradition,monotheism and polytheism,conflict between the doctrine and the concept of clan,briefly,that between Chinese traditional culture and Christian doctrine in the process of the religion disseminating in China.It also touches upon the beneficial attributes of Chinese culture for the fusion of the two culture patterns.
文摘Tensta-Rinkeby and Skarholmen are two suburbs of Stockholm which are characterized of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious population created by immigration during the last decades. Many of those living in Tensta-Rinkeby and Skaholmen are Muslims, and others are Christians-native Protestants or Catholic and Orthodox immigrants. This article presents data from interviews with Muslim and Christian informants, leaders as well as lay persons, on how they look upon each other across religious borders. The information is classified and interpreted according to models used by scholars in theology of religion. Some informants give vague answers due to the fact that issues of assessing beliefs of others are seldom treated in their churches and mosques. Articulated opinions can be classified from a replacement to an acceptance-model with a bulk of proponents for a fulfillment-model in the middle. Finally the article discusses the importance of how religious actors teach and act in multi-religious milieus.
文摘Is the Christian doctrine espoused by contemporary Christians really the true meaning of Christ?What is the basic doctrine of Christ?How should believers believe in and practice Christian doctrine?This article analyzes this and distinguishes between the faithful of Christ and that of the church,two types of believers who are similar in form but not identical in nature.
文摘Christianity dominated the Middle Ages,thus produced the allegorical interpretation in the explanation of the Bible.Augustine fashioned a theory of signification that would dominate Western hermeneutics for ten centuries after his death.St.Thomas's work was seeking the marriage of reason and faith.Dante argued that the full four levels of meaning in Biblical exegesis was founded in secular poetry.
文摘A Farewell to Arms is not only a love story or a story about war. In this book, Hemingway held a special view on the war. He connected Christian with the war. A Farewell to Arms discloses that due to the sin of war, human being is destined to ruin and the only way out lies in the pursuit of true love and peace. This thematic motif is particularly enhanced with the development of the major plot: the hero's spiritual conversion process. The two images teeming with biblical illusions incarnate the author's doctrine of biblical"original sin"while the major plot process comes to show the conflicts between the good and the evil as had been the case in Bible. It is clear that there is an obsessed religious complex and Christian perspective in Hemingway's understanding of the nature of war and his meditation of the fate of human being.
文摘John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the Christian doctrines of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through four stages of development on the path to salvation.This paper is focused on the earlier two stages,that is,the repentance of sins and the temptations after conversion.
文摘Drawing upon the theory of reception aesthetics, this dissertation aims to discuss the translator's translation of You Can YouWill. Beginning with preliminary background information, e.g. the source book and writer, the translator further introduces theories andprevious related research, including Christian work. There are two representatives of reception theory; the translator stresses Jauss' per-spective of reception aesthetics, detailing his two key notions: the reader's decisive role and horizon of expectation. These notions shiftthe focus from the writer and text to the reader, which is a proven method to make the translation more acceptable to readers. Based onthe translation brief, target readers are Christians. During the translation process, the translator keeps key notions of reception aestheticstop-of-mind and strives to produce a version suitable for Christian readers. Some strategies, e.g. domestication and footnoting, are em-ployed to discuss the translation of biblical terms, Christian expressions, verses or stories from the Bible, metaphors and cultural items.In addition to these strategies, all translation is in accordance with CUV when encountering Bible-related text, due to CUV's authorityamong all versions of the Bible. Lastly, the translator provides conclusive remarks based on analysis as well as suggestions for further re-search. Limitations of this study are also mentioned.
