This paper focuses on cultural conflicts,mainly conflicts of God oriented and people oriented world view,different view towards human nature- virtue culture and guilt culture,the theology that all are equal before God...This paper focuses on cultural conflicts,mainly conflicts of God oriented and people oriented world view,different view towards human nature- virtue culture and guilt culture,the theology that all are equal before God and hierarchical order tradition,monotheism and polytheism,conflict between the doctrine and the concept of clan,briefly,that between Chinese traditional culture and Christian doctrine in the process of the religion disseminating in China.It also touches upon the beneficial attributes of Chinese culture for the fusion of the two culture patterns.展开更多
As an important part of cultural and ideological progress construction,the improvement of Chinese modern legal system has become a keynote in the process of constructing the harmonious society in China.In the course o...As an important part of cultural and ideological progress construction,the improvement of Chinese modern legal system has become a keynote in the process of constructing the harmonious society in China.In the course of the development of Chinese legal system,transplanting from western legal culture is becoming a trend.Therefore,it is necessary to study the difference between Chinese and western legal culture and its influencing elements so as to provide a cultural basis for this transplant.As for cultural factor,Confucianism is the dominated thoughts in traditional Chinese history and Christianity occupies the same place in western culture,accordingly,their influence on the difference between Chinese and western legal culture is great.This paper discusses the difference of the obligation orientation and right-based principle between Chinese and western legal culture influenced by Confucianism and Christianity aiming at provide some important inspirations for the transplant of western legal culture in improving Chinese modern legal system.展开更多
The advent and spread of Christianity in the Punjab would have been a limited affair but for the“dalits”,the depressed classes of the Punjab.The present Christian community is the result of the mass movement and eff...The advent and spread of Christianity in the Punjab would have been a limited affair but for the“dalits”,the depressed classes of the Punjab.The present Christian community is the result of the mass movement and efforts of the missionaries in the Punjab.The paper also examines the eyewitness accounts of the missionaries which are helpful in demystifying the myth of“equality among the Sikhs”.These accounts also reinforce our understanding of the status of Mazhabi Sikhs as a lower caste among the Sikhs.Using the terms,“foreign enclaves”and“ritually neutral area”from Milton Singer’s classic study,When a Great Tradition Modernizes,the author has tried to demonstrate the processes of isolation,slow acceptance,and incorporation of the converts.展开更多
In his Antichrist and Nymphomaniac, Lars von Trier seems to defy norms on sex and women＇s desires. However he actually reproduces Christianity＇s perspective that women are sinful by their dispositions. According to ...In his Antichrist and Nymphomaniac, Lars von Trier seems to defy norms on sex and women＇s desires. However he actually reproduces Christianity＇s perspective that women are sinful by their dispositions. According to the classical creation story, Eve falls into temptation and then, convinces Adam to commit the same crime. All Abrahamic religions but especially Christianity identifies women with the body and bodily desires, rather than the mind which comes from nonmaterial and divine substance. Accordingly, women can easily be deceived by Satan since they contain a lesser amount of mental substance compared to men. In Antichrist, Trier reiterates the story of Adam and Eve in a different context. The woman writes her dissertation on women who are burnt with the accusation of being a witch. But she realizes that her body is sinful and deserving of punishment, too. She finds her salvation when she cuts her clitoris. In Nymphomaniac, the main character gets her clitoris whipped. While she resists traditional and bourgeois morality, she defines herself as morally evil because of her unmanageable sexual desires. Thus, reputed as critical of all social structures and morality, Trier in fact simply rehashes the classical sexist and misogynist perspective.展开更多
This article shows,in Michel Henry,the relationship that Descartes’cogito maintains with phenomenology and Christianity.Thus,this article first shows to see how the phenomenology of life is only possible through a re...This article shows,in Michel Henry,the relationship that Descartes’cogito maintains with phenomenology and Christianity.Thus,this article first shows to see how the phenomenology of life is only possible through a reading of Descartes’cogito.For,in it is in the cogito that one discovers how the life of the ego relates the ego to itself by excluding from itself what is outside of itself in the reduction in which this ego is constituted.The article then observes that it is from the way in which the ego is constituted in its most radical immanence that Michel shows how Husserl confused the immanence of the ego with the transcendence which lies outside of the ego.The article finally explains how the ego which discovers itself in pure immanence is the institute of a phenomenology of life which remains the mode of being of the philosophy of Christianity.展开更多
Christianity, by far the most influential religion in the west, touches every phase of man's life so much so that it has shaped the western civilization more decisively and become the blood of western culture. Wil...Christianity, by far the most influential religion in the west, touches every phase of man's life so much so that it has shaped the western civilization more decisively and become the blood of western culture. William Shakespeare is the greatest humanist, but he is also a Christian rooted in western culture, so it is observed that Shakespeare's thinking pattern and writing were influenced by Christianity. The paper, taking the Merchant of Venice as an example, analyzed Biblical references in Shakespeare's thinking pattern, Christianity and Shakespeare's idealistic character.展开更多
T.S. Eliot once said if there were no Christianity, the whole culture wouldn't exist. Christianity affects every part of western culture. Christian thoughts deeply influence how western people think and feel. This...T.S. Eliot once said if there were no Christianity, the whole culture wouldn't exist. Christianity affects every part of western culture. Christian thoughts deeply influence how western people think and feel. This paper centers around the following divisions, Introduction, Christianity, Christianity and Western Culture, and Conclusion. According to the four dimensions, the thesis emphatically analyzes why Christianity is an important source of western culture.展开更多
In this article,1 explore how the Long Geng Badeng Kenyah community of Sarawak converted to Christianity even though there was no sustained missionary persuasion from the outside.Over a period of study,I eventually ac...In this article,1 explore how the Long Geng Badeng Kenyah community of Sarawak converted to Christianity even though there was no sustained missionary persuasion from the outside.Over a period of study,I eventually accept the simple emic explanation that"it is easy when you are a Christian"to be an important explanation.Central to this view is that Christianity provides an alternative religion that allows the people to avoid the need to observe the many troublesome taboos that hinder frequent traveling and engaging in various kinds of economic activities.The influence of relatives is an important factor,too,and as more people become Christians,the traditional Bungan followers lose the support to continue with the traditional religion and eventually almost all follow their relatives to adopt the new religion,which they find do not hinder practicing their culture other than replacing the traditional worship with the Christian way.The ethnographic study provides the opportunity to relate to recent scholarship on the anthropology of Christianity,and facilitates anthropological reflection on the study of cultural change,in particular,in relation to the work of Marshall Sahlins.展开更多
Is the Christian doctrine espoused by contemporary Christians really the true meaning of Christ?What is the basic doctrine of Christ?How should believers believe in and practice Christian doctrine?This article analyze...Is the Christian doctrine espoused by contemporary Christians really the true meaning of Christ?What is the basic doctrine of Christ?How should believers believe in and practice Christian doctrine?This article analyzes this and distinguishes between the faithful of Christ and that of the church,two types of believers who are similar in form but not identical in nature.展开更多
＂Intersemiotic translation＂ is categorized by Roman Jakobson as one of three types of translation. Translation of illustrations in the late Qing novels, either directly from verbal signs or visual signs, can also be...＂Intersemiotic translation＂ is categorized by Roman Jakobson as one of three types of translation. Translation of illustrations in the late Qing novels, either directly from verbal signs or visual signs, can also be regarded as a typical kind of ＂intersemiotic translation.＂ The present article studies illustrations in Chinese Christian literature in the late Qing period, especially those in the Chinese translations of John Bunyan＇s works, The Pilgrim＇s Progress and The Holy War. Questions to ponder are how inter-semiotic translation occurs between these illustrations--in either transferring or transplanting the meanings from one sign system to another--and how it establishes its legitimacy through religious negotiation, ideological conflict, and cultural integration. The illustrations in the Chinese translation versions of The Pilgrim ＂s Progress manifest the translators＇ and illustrators＇ manipulation of repertoires of Chinese religious signs, thereby indigenizing a foreign religion. These illustrations, nevertheless, are not only associated with Christianity, but also with the long-lasting visual signs of Chinese culture. Hence these translated illustrations could be considered as a type of ＂Translated Christianity.＂展开更多
Shimenkan is a remote and mountainous village in Weining county,Guizhou province,an area traditionally populated by Miao ethnic minority.The arrival of Christian missionaries just over 100 years ago began Shimenkan’s...Shimenkan is a remote and mountainous village in Weining county,Guizhou province,an area traditionally populated by Miao ethnic minority.The arrival of Christian missionaries just over 100 years ago began Shimenkan’s transformation from an illiterate school-less place,to a“revered site of Miao education.”Today,Shimenkan has returned to being the worst performing part of Weining county in terms of educational attainment.By investigating and analyzing the impact of Christianity on Miao school education and community education,this paper will discuss how Miao students are coping with cultural aspects of education and community amidst social change,and the impact of the cultural context on their academic achievement.Where foreign culture meets local demands,little resistance to cultural education exists.In such circumstances,outside culture is likely to be accepted in the community,and may generate positive outcomes.展开更多
Religious conversion was an extremely important and effective strategy for the European colonizers to establish their colonial dominance in Africa.The diffusion of Christianity across Africa helped the colonizers gain...Religious conversion was an extremely important and effective strategy for the European colonizers to establish their colonial dominance in Africa.The diffusion of Christianity across Africa helped the colonizers gain acceptance and support among the natives,which in turn gave the colonizers more control over Africa.During the inception of European Christian missionary activities in Africa,those who accepted Christianity were favored by the colonial administration;but those who opposed,faced persecution.As more and more native Africans espoused Christianity and eschewed their native religions,Christianity emerged as a distinct threat to the native African cultures,religions,and associated rituals.But such mass proselytization hardly had any altruistic cause;rather,the conversion game helped the colonizers hide how they exploited Africa under the cloak of philanthropy.The newlyconverted Christians were indoctrinated by the missionaries to such an extent that they started to loathe indigenous culture.In some cases,they channeled their loathing for indigenous belief system into actively opposing and obstructing the practice of native African religions and rituals.This paper examines Achebe's Arrow of God and Thiong'o's The River Between to discover how Christianity helped the European colonizers expand colonial territory and tighten their stranglehold on native African cultures.展开更多
This paper discusses the Bible in relation to the history and culture of the Jewish people along with its place in world culture.Through translation and Christianity its influence extended into the development of lite...This paper discusses the Bible in relation to the history and culture of the Jewish people along with its place in world culture.Through translation and Christianity its influence extended into the development of literacy among many of the language’s world.The biblical promise to Abraham continues today in the reemergence of the Jewish people as a sovereign nation in the land of Israel after two millennia of wandering.While Bible stories and poetry,primarily through the Psalms,inspired creativity in the visual arts,literature,and music throughout in the Western world.展开更多
The establishment of British Colonial Administration in Manipur in 1891,have far-reaching effects on changes in the lives of the tribals of Manipur.This change was facilitated and augmented by the partnership of the c...The establishment of British Colonial Administration in Manipur in 1891,have far-reaching effects on changes in the lives of the tribals of Manipur.This change was facilitated and augmented by the partnership of the colonists with the Christian missionaries,the latter’s arrival coinciding with the establishment of colonial rule.The British colonists required the help of the missionaries in establishing control over the tribals.The missionary in turn accepted grants,state endowments,and official government appointments from the colonists.This made them subservient to the colonial officers.The colonists also wanted the missionaries to facilitate the spread of modern education as the missionaries did as they believed that in order to read and understand the Gospel,a person needs to be educated.The impact of Colonialism on the lives of the tribals is show-cased in the lives and careers of two remarkable tribal gentlemen viz.Mr.T.C.Tiankham and Maj.Ralengnao Bob Khathing,who like the colonists were a part of history in the making.展开更多
Natural poems,especially fisherman’s poems,can always reflect different outlooks on life of Chinese and western poets.And such differences mainly result from cultural backgrounds.Under the influence of Christian beli...Natural poems,especially fisherman’s poems,can always reflect different outlooks on life of Chinese and western poets.And such differences mainly result from cultural backgrounds.Under the influence of Christian belief,western fisherman’s poems attached more significance to the afterlife,while Chinese poets always express satisfaction in the unity of man and nature in this life,as a result of the influence of Confucianism and Taoism.展开更多
Christianity dominated the Middle Ages,thus produced the allegorical interpretation in the explanation of the Bible.Augustine fashioned a theory of signification that would dominate Western hermeneutics for ten centur...Christianity dominated the Middle Ages,thus produced the allegorical interpretation in the explanation of the Bible.Augustine fashioned a theory of signification that would dominate Western hermeneutics for ten centuries after his death.St.Thomas's work was seeking the marriage of reason and faith.Dante argued that the full four levels of meaning in Biblical exegesis was founded in secular poetry.展开更多
A Farewell to Arms is not only a love story or a story about war. In this book, Hemingway held a special view on the war. He connected Christian with the war. A Farewell to Arms discloses that due to the sin of war, h...A Farewell to Arms is not only a love story or a story about war. In this book, Hemingway held a special view on the war. He connected Christian with the war. A Farewell to Arms discloses that due to the sin of war, human being is destined to ruin and the only way out lies in the pursuit of true love and peace. This thematic motif is particularly enhanced with the development of the major plot: the hero's spiritual conversion process. The two images teeming with biblical illusions incarnate the author's doctrine of biblical"original sin"while the major plot process comes to show the conflicts between the good and the evil as had been the case in Bible. It is clear that there is an obsessed religious complex and Christian perspective in Hemingway's understanding of the nature of war and his meditation of the fate of human being.展开更多
文摘This paper focuses on cultural conflicts,mainly conflicts of God oriented and people oriented world view,different view towards human nature- virtue culture and guilt culture,the theology that all are equal before God and hierarchical order tradition,monotheism and polytheism,conflict between the doctrine and the concept of clan,briefly,that between Chinese traditional culture and Christian doctrine in the process of the religion disseminating in China.It also touches upon the beneficial attributes of Chinese culture for the fusion of the two culture patterns.
文摘As an important part of cultural and ideological progress construction,the improvement of Chinese modern legal system has become a keynote in the process of constructing the harmonious society in China.In the course of the development of Chinese legal system,transplanting from western legal culture is becoming a trend.Therefore,it is necessary to study the difference between Chinese and western legal culture and its influencing elements so as to provide a cultural basis for this transplant.As for cultural factor,Confucianism is the dominated thoughts in traditional Chinese history and Christianity occupies the same place in western culture,accordingly,their influence on the difference between Chinese and western legal culture is great.This paper discusses the difference of the obligation orientation and right-based principle between Chinese and western legal culture influenced by Confucianism and Christianity aiming at provide some important inspirations for the transplant of western legal culture in improving Chinese modern legal system.
文摘The advent and spread of Christianity in the Punjab would have been a limited affair but for the“dalits”,the depressed classes of the Punjab.The present Christian community is the result of the mass movement and efforts of the missionaries in the Punjab.The paper also examines the eyewitness accounts of the missionaries which are helpful in demystifying the myth of“equality among the Sikhs”.These accounts also reinforce our understanding of the status of Mazhabi Sikhs as a lower caste among the Sikhs.Using the terms,“foreign enclaves”and“ritually neutral area”from Milton Singer’s classic study,When a Great Tradition Modernizes,the author has tried to demonstrate the processes of isolation,slow acceptance,and incorporation of the converts.
文摘In his Antichrist and Nymphomaniac, Lars von Trier seems to defy norms on sex and women＇s desires. However he actually reproduces Christianity＇s perspective that women are sinful by their dispositions. According to the classical creation story, Eve falls into temptation and then, convinces Adam to commit the same crime. All Abrahamic religions but especially Christianity identifies women with the body and bodily desires, rather than the mind which comes from nonmaterial and divine substance. Accordingly, women can easily be deceived by Satan since they contain a lesser amount of mental substance compared to men. In Antichrist, Trier reiterates the story of Adam and Eve in a different context. The woman writes her dissertation on women who are burnt with the accusation of being a witch. But she realizes that her body is sinful and deserving of punishment, too. She finds her salvation when she cuts her clitoris. In Nymphomaniac, the main character gets her clitoris whipped. While she resists traditional and bourgeois morality, she defines herself as morally evil because of her unmanageable sexual desires. Thus, reputed as critical of all social structures and morality, Trier in fact simply rehashes the classical sexist and misogynist perspective.
文摘This article shows,in Michel Henry,the relationship that Descartes’cogito maintains with phenomenology and Christianity.Thus,this article first shows to see how the phenomenology of life is only possible through a reading of Descartes’cogito.For,in it is in the cogito that one discovers how the life of the ego relates the ego to itself by excluding from itself what is outside of itself in the reduction in which this ego is constituted.The article then observes that it is from the way in which the ego is constituted in its most radical immanence that Michel shows how Husserl confused the immanence of the ego with the transcendence which lies outside of the ego.The article finally explains how the ego which discovers itself in pure immanence is the institute of a phenomenology of life which remains the mode of being of the philosophy of Christianity.
文摘Christianity, by far the most influential religion in the west, touches every phase of man's life so much so that it has shaped the western civilization more decisively and become the blood of western culture. William Shakespeare is the greatest humanist, but he is also a Christian rooted in western culture, so it is observed that Shakespeare's thinking pattern and writing were influenced by Christianity. The paper, taking the Merchant of Venice as an example, analyzed Biblical references in Shakespeare's thinking pattern, Christianity and Shakespeare's idealistic character.
文摘T.S. Eliot once said if there were no Christianity, the whole culture wouldn't exist. Christianity affects every part of western culture. Christian thoughts deeply influence how western people think and feel. This paper centers around the following divisions, Introduction, Christianity, Christianity and Western Culture, and Conclusion. According to the four dimensions, the thesis emphatically analyzes why Christianity is an important source of western culture.
文摘In this article,1 explore how the Long Geng Badeng Kenyah community of Sarawak converted to Christianity even though there was no sustained missionary persuasion from the outside.Over a period of study,I eventually accept the simple emic explanation that"it is easy when you are a Christian"to be an important explanation.Central to this view is that Christianity provides an alternative religion that allows the people to avoid the need to observe the many troublesome taboos that hinder frequent traveling and engaging in various kinds of economic activities.The influence of relatives is an important factor,too,and as more people become Christians,the traditional Bungan followers lose the support to continue with the traditional religion and eventually almost all follow their relatives to adopt the new religion,which they find do not hinder practicing their culture other than replacing the traditional worship with the Christian way.The ethnographic study provides the opportunity to relate to recent scholarship on the anthropology of Christianity,and facilitates anthropological reflection on the study of cultural change,in particular,in relation to the work of Marshall Sahlins.
文摘Is the Christian doctrine espoused by contemporary Christians really the true meaning of Christ?What is the basic doctrine of Christ?How should believers believe in and practice Christian doctrine?This article analyzes this and distinguishes between the faithful of Christ and that of the church,two types of believers who are similar in form but not identical in nature.
文摘＂Intersemiotic translation＂ is categorized by Roman Jakobson as one of three types of translation. Translation of illustrations in the late Qing novels, either directly from verbal signs or visual signs, can also be regarded as a typical kind of ＂intersemiotic translation.＂ The present article studies illustrations in Chinese Christian literature in the late Qing period, especially those in the Chinese translations of John Bunyan＇s works, The Pilgrim＇s Progress and The Holy War. Questions to ponder are how inter-semiotic translation occurs between these illustrations--in either transferring or transplanting the meanings from one sign system to another--and how it establishes its legitimacy through religious negotiation, ideological conflict, and cultural integration. The illustrations in the Chinese translation versions of The Pilgrim ＂s Progress manifest the translators＇ and illustrators＇ manipulation of repertoires of Chinese religious signs, thereby indigenizing a foreign religion. These illustrations, nevertheless, are not only associated with Christianity, but also with the long-lasting visual signs of Chinese culture. Hence these translated illustrations could be considered as a type of ＂Translated Christianity.＂
文摘Shimenkan is a remote and mountainous village in Weining county,Guizhou province,an area traditionally populated by Miao ethnic minority.The arrival of Christian missionaries just over 100 years ago began Shimenkan’s transformation from an illiterate school-less place,to a“revered site of Miao education.”Today,Shimenkan has returned to being the worst performing part of Weining county in terms of educational attainment.By investigating and analyzing the impact of Christianity on Miao school education and community education,this paper will discuss how Miao students are coping with cultural aspects of education and community amidst social change,and the impact of the cultural context on their academic achievement.Where foreign culture meets local demands,little resistance to cultural education exists.In such circumstances,outside culture is likely to be accepted in the community,and may generate positive outcomes.
文摘Religious conversion was an extremely important and effective strategy for the European colonizers to establish their colonial dominance in Africa.The diffusion of Christianity across Africa helped the colonizers gain acceptance and support among the natives,which in turn gave the colonizers more control over Africa.During the inception of European Christian missionary activities in Africa,those who accepted Christianity were favored by the colonial administration;but those who opposed,faced persecution.As more and more native Africans espoused Christianity and eschewed their native religions,Christianity emerged as a distinct threat to the native African cultures,religions,and associated rituals.But such mass proselytization hardly had any altruistic cause;rather,the conversion game helped the colonizers hide how they exploited Africa under the cloak of philanthropy.The newlyconverted Christians were indoctrinated by the missionaries to such an extent that they started to loathe indigenous culture.In some cases,they channeled their loathing for indigenous belief system into actively opposing and obstructing the practice of native African religions and rituals.This paper examines Achebe's Arrow of God and Thiong'o's The River Between to discover how Christianity helped the European colonizers expand colonial territory and tighten their stranglehold on native African cultures.
文摘This paper discusses the Bible in relation to the history and culture of the Jewish people along with its place in world culture.Through translation and Christianity its influence extended into the development of literacy among many of the language’s world.The biblical promise to Abraham continues today in the reemergence of the Jewish people as a sovereign nation in the land of Israel after two millennia of wandering.While Bible stories and poetry,primarily through the Psalms,inspired creativity in the visual arts,literature,and music throughout in the Western world.
文摘The establishment of British Colonial Administration in Manipur in 1891,have far-reaching effects on changes in the lives of the tribals of Manipur.This change was facilitated and augmented by the partnership of the colonists with the Christian missionaries,the latter’s arrival coinciding with the establishment of colonial rule.The British colonists required the help of the missionaries in establishing control over the tribals.The missionary in turn accepted grants,state endowments,and official government appointments from the colonists.This made them subservient to the colonial officers.The colonists also wanted the missionaries to facilitate the spread of modern education as the missionaries did as they believed that in order to read and understand the Gospel,a person needs to be educated.The impact of Colonialism on the lives of the tribals is show-cased in the lives and careers of two remarkable tribal gentlemen viz.Mr.T.C.Tiankham and Maj.Ralengnao Bob Khathing,who like the colonists were a part of history in the making.
文摘Natural poems,especially fisherman’s poems,can always reflect different outlooks on life of Chinese and western poets.And such differences mainly result from cultural backgrounds.Under the influence of Christian belief,western fisherman’s poems attached more significance to the afterlife,while Chinese poets always express satisfaction in the unity of man and nature in this life,as a result of the influence of Confucianism and Taoism.
文摘Christianity dominated the Middle Ages,thus produced the allegorical interpretation in the explanation of the Bible.Augustine fashioned a theory of signification that would dominate Western hermeneutics for ten centuries after his death.St.Thomas's work was seeking the marriage of reason and faith.Dante argued that the full four levels of meaning in Biblical exegesis was founded in secular poetry.
文摘A Farewell to Arms is not only a love story or a story about war. In this book, Hemingway held a special view on the war. He connected Christian with the war. A Farewell to Arms discloses that due to the sin of war, human being is destined to ruin and the only way out lies in the pursuit of true love and peace. This thematic motif is particularly enhanced with the development of the major plot: the hero's spiritual conversion process. The two images teeming with biblical illusions incarnate the author's doctrine of biblical"original sin"while the major plot process comes to show the conflicts between the good and the evil as had been the case in Bible. It is clear that there is an obsessed religious complex and Christian perspective in Hemingway's understanding of the nature of war and his meditation of the fate of human being.
