In the extraction of potassium from salt lakes,Mg is abundant in the form of bischofite(MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),which is not utilized effectively,resulting in the waste of resources and environmental pressure.Anhydrous...In the extraction of potassium from salt lakes,Mg is abundant in the form of bischofite(MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),which is not utilized effectively,resulting in the waste of resources and environmental pressure.Anhydrous MgCl_(2) prepared by the dehydration of bischofite is a high-quality raw material for the production of Mg.However,direct calcination of MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O in industrial dehydration processes leads to a large amount of hydrolysis.The by-products are harmful to the electrolysis process of Mg,causing problems such as sludge formation,low current efficiency,and corrosion in the electrodes.To obtain high-purity anhydrous MgCl_(2),different advanced dehydration processes have been proposed.In this review,we focus on the recent progress of the dehydration process.Firstly,we discuss the molecular structure of MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and explain the reason why much hydrolysis occurs in dehydration.Secondly,we introduce the specific dehydration processes,mainly divided into direct dehydration processes and indirect dehydration processes.The direct dehydration processes are classified into gas protection heating and molecular sieve dehydration process.Indirect dehydration processes are classified into thermal dehydration of ammonium carnallite(NH_(4)Cl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),thermal dehydration of potassium carnallite(KCl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),thermal decomposition of the[HAE]Cl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O,organic solvent distillation,ionic liquid dehydration process and ammonia complexation process.In the meanwhile,purity of anhydrous MgCl_(2) of each dehydration process,as well as the advantages and disadvantages,is discussed.The characteristics of different processes with a simple economic budget are also given in this paper.Finally,the main challenges are evaluated with suggested directions in the future,aiming to guide the synthesis of high-purity anhydrous MgCl_(2).展开更多
The production of C_(2)H_(3)Cl from CH_(3)Cl(MCTV)represents a promising non-petroleum route for synthesizing C_(2)alkenes from C_(1)molecules.Exploration of new MCTV catalysts is crucial for advancing sustainable che...The production of C_(2)H_(3)Cl from CH_(3)Cl(MCTV)represents a promising non-petroleum route for synthesizing C_(2)alkenes from C_(1)molecules.Exploration of new MCTV catalysts is crucial for advancing sustainable chemical production.In this study,we present NaVO_(3)as a surface-confined coupling center for·CH_(2)Cl radicals,demonstrating its superior performance in the selective coupling of methyl chloride to synthesize vinyl chloride.By incorporating NaVO_(3)onto the surface of CeO_(2),the catalyst enables effective capture of·CH_(2)Cl radicals during the CH_(3)Cl oxidative pyrolysis and their subsequent conversion into C_(2)H_(3)Cl.We experimentally validate the capability of highly dispersed Na-VO_(3)to controllably couple·CH_(2)Cl radicals through in-situ synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry.The results demonstrate that the dispersion of NaVO_(3)on the catalyst surface has a considerable impact on the reaction efficiency of·CH_(2)Cl radicals and the overall MCTV performance.This discovery holds substantial implications for the controlled C_(1)radical transformation and provides a guidance for the design of catalysts for sustainable production of C_(2)H_(3)Cl.展开更多
Recycling plastic waste into triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)presents a sustainable approach to energy harvesting,self-powered sensing,and environmental remediation.This study investigates the recycling of polyviny...Recycling plastic waste into triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)presents a sustainable approach to energy harvesting,self-powered sensing,and environmental remediation.This study investigates the recycling of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)pipe waste polymers into nanofibers(NFs)optimized for TENG applications.We focused on optimizing the morphology of recycled PVC polymer to NFs and enhancing their piezoelectric properties by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles(NPs).The optimized PVC/0.5 wt%ZnO NFs were tested with Nylon-6 NFs,and copper(Cu)electrodes.The Nylon-6 NFs exhibited a power density of 726.3μWcm^(-2)—1.13 times higher than Cu and maintained 90%stability after 172800 cycles,successfully powering various colored LEDs.Additionally,a 3D-designed device was developed to harvest energy from biomechanical movements such as finger tapping,hand tapping,and foot pressing,making it suitable for wearable energy harvesting,automatic switches,and invisible sensors in surveillance systems.This study demonstrates that recycling polymers for TENG devices can effectively address energy,sensor,and environmental challenges.展开更多
This study aims to develop a chloride diffusion simulation method that considers the hydration microstructure and pore solution properties during the hydration of tricalcium silicate(C3S).The method combines the hydra...This study aims to develop a chloride diffusion simulation method that considers the hydration microstructure and pore solution properties during the hydration of tricalcium silicate(C3S).The method combines the hydration simulation,thermodynamic calculation,and finite element analysis to examine the effects of pore solution,including effect of electrochemical potential,effect of chemical activity,and effect of mechanical interactions between ions,on the chloride effective diffusion coefficient of hydrated C3S paste.The results indicate that the effect of electrochemical potential on chloride diffusion becomes stronger with increasing hydration age due to the increase in the content of hydrated calcium silicate;as the hydration age increases,the effect of chemical activity on chloride diffusion weakens when the number of diffusible elements decreases;the effect of mechanical interactions between ions on chloride diffusion decreases with the increase of hydration age.展开更多
The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride so...The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride solutions of specific concentrations with different test ages.Hardened properties of the mixes were assessed in terms of weight loss and compressive strength.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)of mixes were performed to analysis the phase evolution and microstructure.The results demonstrated that the introduction of nano-SiO_(2) emulsion significantly decreased the compressive strength loss and calcium hydroxide(CH)crystal content of hydration production,and then enhanced the resistance of cement-based grouting materials to chloride ion penetration.This improvement derives from the filling and pozzolanic effects of nano-SiO_(2) particles,which were incorporated via an emulsion and attributed to a well dispersion in grouting matrix.展开更多
Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characterist...Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characteristics.The composition of the cement-based material,including the type of cement and auxiliary materials,greatly influences the ability of the material to bind Cl^(-),and varied components result in varying binding beha-vior of the Cl^(-).Simultaneously,the Cl^(-)binding process in concrete is influenced by both the internal and exterior surroundings,as well as the curing practices.These factors impact the hydration process of the cement and the internal pore structure of the concrete.Currently,mathematical theories and molecular dynamics simulations have increasingly been employed as the prevalent methods for examining the binding behaviors of Cl^(-)in concrete.These techniques are extensively utilized for predicting the lifespan and conducting microscopic studies of reinforced concrete in Cl^(-)settings.This work proposes recommendations for future research based on a summary of experimental and simulation investigations on Cl^(-)binding.Which will offer theoretical guidance for studying the binding of Cl^(-)in cement-based materials.展开更多
By using a newly developed 4-hydroxy picolinohydrazide as the ligand,Cu-catalyzed coupling of(hetero)aryl chlorides with sodium aryl sulfonates proceeded smoothly at 130℃to give a series of biarylsulfones in 53%~96%y...By using a newly developed 4-hydroxy picolinohydrazide as the ligand,Cu-catalyzed coupling of(hetero)aryl chlorides with sodium aryl sulfonates proceeded smoothly at 130℃to give a series of biarylsulfones in 53%~96%yields.This represents the first metal-catalyzed coupling reaction of(hetero)aryl chlorides with sodium aryl sulfonates.Aryl and heteroaryl chlorides bearing either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups were applicable for this coupling reaction.展开更多
In this study,synthetic wastewater containing 110μg/L arsenate(As(V)),0-20 mg/L fulvic acid(FA),and 0-12.3 mg/L phosphate was treated with 3 mg/L Fe3+.The mechanisms of FA and phosphate effects on As(V)removal by fer...In this study,synthetic wastewater containing 110μg/L arsenate(As(V)),0-20 mg/L fulvic acid(FA),and 0-12.3 mg/L phosphate was treated with 3 mg/L Fe3+.The mechanisms of FA and phosphate effects on As(V)removal by ferric chloride were determined using 0.22-10μm pore-size filtration,Zetasizer analysis,and in situ flow through cell ATR-FTIR.The results showed that up to 20mg/L FA had almost no effect on the solubility of ferric hydroxide precipitates and adsorption of As(V)by the precipitates.When FA concentration increased from 0 to 20 mg/L,the adsorption of FA led to higher negative zeta potential of the precipitates and the strong electrostatic repulsion between the precipitates decreased the particle size of ferric hydroxide flocs fromlarger than 10μmto smaller than 1μm.In the presence of 5-20 mg/L FA,46%-63%As(V)was adsorbed onto the flocs with particle size in the range of 0.45-1μm.On the other hand,phosphate did not affect the size of ferric hydroxide flocs and significantly increased the dissolved As(V)concentration because it competed with As(V)for adsorption sites on ferric hydroxide precipitates.The addition of 5mg/L cationic organic flocculant significantly reduced the effect of FA on As(V)removal,but did not reduce the effect of phosphate on As(V)removal.The findings of this study will help develop effective arsenic treatment techniques and predict the mobility of arsenic in the environment.展开更多
Salinity tissue tolerance is a key trait that confers adaptive potential in halophytic species.The aim of this study was to understand the mechanistic basis of salinity tissue tolerance in the Oryza coarctata,a haloph...Salinity tissue tolerance is a key trait that confers adaptive potential in halophytic species.The aim of this study was to understand the mechanistic basis of salinity tissue tolerance in the Oryza coarctata,a halophytic wild relative of cultivated rice Oryza sativa,to be then used as novel targets for improving salinity stress tolerance of O.sativa.Salinity led to ~80% decline in mesophyll cell viability in cultivated rice,whereas only 15% reduction was observed in the wild rice.In response to NaCl treatments,mesophyll cells of O.coarctata showed less Na^(+) uptake and better K^(+) retention than cultivated rice.Pharmacological experiments suggested that salinity-induced Na^(+) uptake and K^(+) loss in O.coarctata were mediated by non-selective cation channels(NSCCs) while K^(+) loss in cultivated rice was mediated predominantly by GORK(guard cell outward-rectifying K^(+)) channels.Salt treatment resulted in a depolarization of the plasma membrane(PM) in O.sativa.In contrast,O.coarctata had NaCl dose-dependent hyperpolarization in the mesophyll cells,due to its higher preference for Cl^(-)uptake.This difference in plant ionic relations was partially attributable to differences in transcriptional expression levels of Potassium transporter 1(AKT1),Salt overly sensitive 1(SOS1),Sodium transporter OsHKT1;4,and Chloride channel(OsCLC1).It is concluded that O.coarctata possesses a strong ability to discriminate between Cl^(-)and Na^(+) uptake(a trait lacking in cultivated rice) and use it to maintain negative membrane potential(MP) values without activating H^(+)-ATPase,thus enabling more efficient K^(+) retention in mesophyll with low energy costs.The above traits should be considered as potential targets in the rice breeding program for salt tolerance enhancement.展开更多
This minireview explores the role of acetylcholine and muscarinic receptors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and summarizes the latest data on xanomeline/trospium chloride,a novel antipsychotic approved by the ...This minireview explores the role of acetylcholine and muscarinic receptors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and summarizes the latest data on xanomeline/trospium chloride,a novel antipsychotic approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in September 2024.Evidence suggests that cholinergic dysfunction,particularly an imbalance in the expression of the M1 and M4 muscarinic receptors,may contribute to the pathophysiology and symptoms of schizophrenia.Xanomeline/trospium chloride combines xanomeline,an M1 and M4 receptor agonist,with trospium chloride,a non-selective peripheral muscarinic receptor antagonist that reduces peripheral cholinergic side effects.Clinical trials have demonstrated significant reductions in the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia,with improvements in Positive and Negati-ve Syndrome Scale scores observed as early as two weeks.A post-hoc analysis of one trial revealed cognitive improvements in patients with baseline cognitive impairment.This medication was generally well-tolerated,with mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal symptoms being the most common adverse events.While these results are promising,further research is needed to better understand its effectiveness and safety in real-world clinical practice,and to define its optimal role in managing this complex psychiatric disorder.展开更多
Highly toxic phosgene,diethyl chlorophosphate(DCP)and volatile acyl chlorides endanger our life and public security.To achieve facile sensing and discrimination of multiple target analytes,herein,we presented a single...Highly toxic phosgene,diethyl chlorophosphate(DCP)and volatile acyl chlorides endanger our life and public security.To achieve facile sensing and discrimination of multiple target analytes,herein,we presented a single fluorescent probe(BDP-CHD)for high-throughput screening of phosgene,DCP and volatile acyl chlorides.The probe underwent a covalent cascade reaction with phosgene to form boron dipyrromethene(BODIPY)with bright green fluorescence.By contrast,DCP,diphosgene and acyl chlorides can covalently assembled with the probe,giving rise to strong blue fluorescence.The probe has demonstrated high-throughput detection capability,high sensitivity,fast response(within 3 s)and parts per trillion(ppt)level detection limit.Furthermore,a portable platform based on BDP-CHD was constructed,which has achieved high-throughput discrimination of 16 analytes through linear discriminant analysis(LDA).Moreover,a smartphone adaptable RGB recognition pattern was established for the quantitative detection of multi-analytes.Therefore,this portable fluorescence sensing platform can serve as a versatile tool for rapid and high-throughput detection of toxic phosgene,DCP and volatile acyl chlorides.The proposed“one for more”strategy simplifies multi-target discrimination procedures and holds great promise for various sensing applications.展开更多
Nanoplastics exhibit greater environmental biotoxicity than microplastics and can be ingested by humans through major routes such as tap water,bottled water and other drinking water.Nanoplastics present a challenge fo...Nanoplastics exhibit greater environmental biotoxicity than microplastics and can be ingested by humans through major routes such as tap water,bottled water and other drinking water.Nanoplastics present a challenge for air flotation due to their minute particle size,negative surface potential,and similar density to water.This study employed dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride(DTAC)as a modifier to improve conventional air flotation,which significantly enhanced the removal of polystyrene nanoplastics(PSNPs).Conventional air flotation removed only 3.09%of PSNPs,while air flotation modified by dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride(DTAC-modified air flotation)increased the removal of PSNPs to 98.05%.The analysis of the DTAC-modified air flotation mechanism was conducted using a combination of instruments,including a zeta potential analyzer,contact angle meter,laser particle size meter,high definition camera,scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR).The results indicated that the incorporation of DTAC reversed the electrostatic repulsion between bubbles and PSNPs to electrostatic attraction,significantly enhancing the hydrophobic force in the system.This,in turn,improved the collision adhesion effect between bubbles and PSNPs.The experimental results indicated that even when the flotation time was reduced to 7min,the DTACmodified air flotation still achieved a high removal rate of 96.26%.Furthermore,changes in aeration,pH,and ionic strength did not significantly affect the performance of the modified air flotation for the removal of PSNPs.The removal rate of PSNPs in all three water bodies exceeded 95%.The DTAC-modified air flotation has excellent resistance to interference from complex conditions and shows great potential for practical application.展开更多
Seawater is the most abundant source of molecular hydrogen.Utilizing the hydrogen reserves present in the seawater may inaugurate innovative strategies aimed at advancing sustainable energy and environmental preservat...Seawater is the most abundant source of molecular hydrogen.Utilizing the hydrogen reserves present in the seawater may inaugurate innovative strategies aimed at advancing sustainable energy and environmental preservation endeavors in the future.Recently,there has been a surge in study in the field addressing the production of hydrogen through the electrochemical seawater splitting.However,the performance and durability of the electrode have limitations due to the fact that there are a few challenges that need to be addressed in order to make the technology suitable for the industrial purpose.The active site blockage caused by chloride ions that are prevalent in seawater and chloride corrosion is the most significant issue;it has a negative impact on both the activity and the durability of the anode component.Addressing this particular issue is of upmost importance in the seawater splitting area.This review concentrates on the newly developed materials and techniques for inhibiting chloride ions by blocking the active sites,simultaneously preventing the chloride corrosion.It is anticipated that the concept will be advantageous for a large audience and will inspire researchers to study on this particular area of concern.展开更多
The adsorption properties of a magnesium porphyrin(MgP)molecule on Au(111)surface covered with up to three lay-ers of sodium chloride(NaCl)were investigated by means of first-principles calculations.The most stable ad...The adsorption properties of a magnesium porphyrin(MgP)molecule on Au(111)surface covered with up to three lay-ers of sodium chloride(NaCl)were investigated by means of first-principles calculations.The most stable adsorption configuration of MgP on the NaCl/Au(111)heterosurfaces was found to be at the Cl-top site with a 20°angle between the[110]lattice direction of NaCl and the Mg–N bond of the molecule.Compared with MgP molecule adsorbed on bare Au(111),the inclusion of NaCl lay-ers can lead to a significant decrease in the adsorption energy of the MgP molecule.The exis-tence of NaCl layers also reduced the charge transfer between the molecule and the surface.For heterosurfaces with two or three monolayers of NaCl,the charge transfer was almost com-pletely suppressed.The obtained partial density of states(PDOS)showed that hybridization between the electronic structures of the adsorbed MgP molecule and the metal surface can be significantly suppressed when NaCl layers were added.For the heterosurface with three lay-ers of NaCl,the PDOS around the Fermi level was almost identical with that of the free molecule,suggesting the electronic structure of the MgP molecule was nicely preserved.Influ-ence of the NaCl layers on the electronic structure of the MgP molecule was mainly found for molecular orbitals(MOs)away from the Fermi level as a result of the large band gap of the NaCl layers.展开更多
Background Mepiquat chloride(MC)is a widely used plant growth regulator in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).It regulates endogenous hormone content and crosstalk to control plant height and promote lateral root(LR)develo...Background Mepiquat chloride(MC)is a widely used plant growth regulator in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).It regulates endogenous hormone content and crosstalk to control plant height and promote lateral root(LR)development.However,the roles of cytokinins(CTKs)in the MC-induced increase in LR number in cotton seedlings remain unclear.Therefore,in this study,whole-genome transcriptome analysis was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms,CTK transformation,and CTK signaling pathway response to MC in cotton roots.Results In the present study,MC reduced the contents of the active CTK trans-zeatin(tZ)and N^(6)-isopentenyladenine(iP)but increased the levels of the nucleoside CTK trans-zeatin riboside(tZR)and N^(6)-isopentenyladenine riboside(iPR).RNA-seq data showed that the CTK biosynthesis genes GhIPTs and active CTK catabolism genes GhCKXs were obviously upregulated after MC treatment.The CTK-activating enzyme gene GhLOGs was repressed compared with the control.Furthermore,MC inhibited the expression of GhAHK4 and GhARR2/12,which are involved in the CTK signaling pathway,and activated the IAA-IAA14-ARF7/19 signaling module.Meanwhile,MC increased the expression levels of genes involved in sucrose synthesis,the cell cycle,cell division,and cell wall biosynthesis pathways.Silencing the GhCKX family separately decreased the LR number and active indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)level.The expression levels of GhPIN1,GhARF7,GhARF19,GhLBD16,GhLBD18,GhLBD29,and GhLBD33 were downregulated,but GhARR2/12 and GhIAA14 were upregulated.The total content of active CTKs was noticeably increased.The results of silencing the GhLOGs family were opposite to those of silencing GhCKXs.Silencing GhARR12 could upregulate GhPIN1 expression and increase LR number.In addition,the silenced GhCKXs,GhLOGs,and GhARR12 were less responsive to MCinduced LR growth than the control.Conclusion These results suggested that MC treatment could upregulate CTK-nucleoside biosynthesis and CTK metabolism genes to decrease active CTK levels,promoting crosstalk between CTKs and auxin signaling pathways to enhance LR initiation.展开更多
Objective To explore the relationship between serum chloride levels and prognosis in patients with hepatic coma in the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods We analyzed 545 patients with hepatic coma in the ICU from the Me...Objective To explore the relationship between serum chloride levels and prognosis in patients with hepatic coma in the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods We analyzed 545 patients with hepatic coma in the ICU from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV(MIMIC-IV)database.Associations between serum chloride levels and 28-day and 1-year mortality rates were assessed using restricted cubic splines(RCSs),Kaplan-Meier(KM)curves,and Cox regression.Subgroup analyses,external validation,and mechanistic studies were also performed.Results A total of 545 patients were included in the study.RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped association between serum chloride levels and mortality in patients with hepatic coma.The KM curves indicated lower survival rates among patients with low chloride levels(<103 mmol/L).Low chloride levels were independently linked to increased 28-day and 1-year all-cause mortality rates.In the multivariate models,the hazard ratio(HR)for 28-day mortality in the low-chloride group was 1.424(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.041–1.949),while the adjusted hazard ratio for 1-year mortality was 1.313(95%CI:1.026–1.679).Subgroup analyses and external validation supported these findings.Cytological experiments suggested that low chloride levels may activate the phosphorylation of the NF-κB signaling pathway,promote the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and reduce neuronal cell viability.Conclusion Low serum chloride levels are independently associated with increased mortality in patients with hepatic coma.展开更多
Considering large volume variation and dissolution issues of some promising electrode materials for chloride ion batteries(CIB),the construction of solid polymer electrolytes(SPE)for efficient chloride ion transport i...Considering large volume variation and dissolution issues of some promising electrode materials for chloride ion batteries(CIB),the construction of solid polymer electrolytes(SPE)for efficient chloride ion transport is intriguing.However,this is hindered by low ionic conductivity of chloride SPEs and poor cycling performance of CIBs.Herein,an in-situ polymerized and cross-linked poly(ethylene gly-col)diacrylate-based chloride SPE with a low plasticizer content of succinonitrile is designed,yielding a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 7.6×10^(−5) S cm^(−1),which is higher than that of previously re-ported SPEs for CIBs.Moreover,the use of the asprepared SPE achieves an integrated organic cathode with significantly enhanced rate performance and capacity retention of 96.1%after 100 cycles at room temperature,which is much higher than 49.9%(80 cycles)of the cathode in the CIB with a sandwiched structure.These improved properties are also superior to that of other reported cathodes coupled with different chloride SPEs.The chloride ion transfer mechanism of the cathode is revealed by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.展开更多
Rechargeable chlorine-based battery recently emerged as a promising substitute for energy storage systems due to their high average operating voltage(~3.7 V)and large theoretical capacity of~754.9 mAh g-1.However,insu...Rechargeable chlorine-based battery recently emerged as a promising substitute for energy storage systems due to their high average operating voltage(~3.7 V)and large theoretical capacity of~754.9 mAh g-1.However,insufficient supply of chlorine(Cl_(2))and sluggish oxidation of NaCl to Cl_(2) limit its practical application.Covalent Organic Frameworks(COFs)have the potential to be ideal Cl_(2) host materials as Cl_(2) adsorbents for their abundant porosity and easily modifiable nature.In this work,the single atom Mn coordinated biomimetic phthalocyanine COFs are used for Cl_(2) capture and catalyst.The DFT reveals that ASMn and-NH_(2) significantly change the microenvironment around the active site,effectively promoting the oxidation of NaCl.When applied as the cathode material for Na-Cl_(2) batteries,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 electrode exhibits large reversible capacities and excellent high-rate cycling performances throughout 200 cycles based on the mechanism of highly reversible NaCl/Cl_(2) redox reactions.Even at the temperature as low as-40℃,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 cathode showed stable discharge ca-pacities at~1000 mAh g^(-1) over 50 cycles with a voltage plateau of~3.3 V.This work may provide new insights for the investigation of chlorine-based electrochemical redox mechanisms and the design of green nanoscaled electrodes for high-property chlorine-based batteries.展开更多
This paper focuses on the preparation of rare earth oxide products from rare earth chloride solutions during the rare earth extraction and separation processes,as well as the recycling of magnesium chloride solutions....This paper focuses on the preparation of rare earth oxide products from rare earth chloride solutions during the rare earth extraction and separation processes,as well as the recycling of magnesium chloride solutions.It proposes the idea of introducing spray pyrolysis technology into the rare earth extraction and separation processes.This paper briefly describes the development history of chloride spray pyrolysis technology,focusing on the research status and application progress of rare earth chloride solution and magnesium chloride solution spray pyrolysis technology,as well as spray pyrolysis equipment.The paper also analyzes the challenges and technical intricacies associated with applying spray pyrolysis technology to chloride solutions in the rare earth extraction and separation processes.Additionally,it explores future trends and proposes strategies to facilitate the full recycling of acids and bases,streamline the process flow,and enhance the prospects for green and low-carbon rare earth metallurgy.展开更多
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01F60)Tianshan Talents Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022TSYCJC0001)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22368051)Science and Technology Plan Project of Karamay(20232023hjcxrc0038 and 2024hjcxrc0118)Projects of Talents Recruitment of GDUPT(2023rcyj2005)。
文摘In the extraction of potassium from salt lakes,Mg is abundant in the form of bischofite(MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),which is not utilized effectively,resulting in the waste of resources and environmental pressure.Anhydrous MgCl_(2) prepared by the dehydration of bischofite is a high-quality raw material for the production of Mg.However,direct calcination of MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O in industrial dehydration processes leads to a large amount of hydrolysis.The by-products are harmful to the electrolysis process of Mg,causing problems such as sludge formation,low current efficiency,and corrosion in the electrodes.To obtain high-purity anhydrous MgCl_(2),different advanced dehydration processes have been proposed.In this review,we focus on the recent progress of the dehydration process.Firstly,we discuss the molecular structure of MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and explain the reason why much hydrolysis occurs in dehydration.Secondly,we introduce the specific dehydration processes,mainly divided into direct dehydration processes and indirect dehydration processes.The direct dehydration processes are classified into gas protection heating and molecular sieve dehydration process.Indirect dehydration processes are classified into thermal dehydration of ammonium carnallite(NH_(4)Cl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),thermal dehydration of potassium carnallite(KCl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),thermal decomposition of the[HAE]Cl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O,organic solvent distillation,ionic liquid dehydration process and ammonia complexation process.In the meanwhile,purity of anhydrous MgCl_(2) of each dehydration process,as well as the advantages and disadvantages,is discussed.The characteristics of different processes with a simple economic budget are also given in this paper.Finally,the main challenges are evaluated with suggested directions in the future,aiming to guide the synthesis of high-purity anhydrous MgCl_(2).
文摘The production of C_(2)H_(3)Cl from CH_(3)Cl(MCTV)represents a promising non-petroleum route for synthesizing C_(2)alkenes from C_(1)molecules.Exploration of new MCTV catalysts is crucial for advancing sustainable chemical production.In this study,we present NaVO_(3)as a surface-confined coupling center for·CH_(2)Cl radicals,demonstrating its superior performance in the selective coupling of methyl chloride to synthesize vinyl chloride.By incorporating NaVO_(3)onto the surface of CeO_(2),the catalyst enables effective capture of·CH_(2)Cl radicals during the CH_(3)Cl oxidative pyrolysis and their subsequent conversion into C_(2)H_(3)Cl.We experimentally validate the capability of highly dispersed Na-VO_(3)to controllably couple·CH_(2)Cl radicals through in-situ synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry.The results demonstrate that the dispersion of NaVO_(3)on the catalyst surface has a considerable impact on the reaction efficiency of·CH_(2)Cl radicals and the overall MCTV performance.This discovery holds substantial implications for the controlled C_(1)radical transformation and provides a guidance for the design of catalysts for sustainable production of C_(2)H_(3)Cl.
基金supported by the research projects AP23486880 from the Ministry of Higher EducationScience of the Republic of Kazakhstan and 111024CRP2010,20122022FD4135 from Nazarbayev University.
文摘Recycling plastic waste into triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)presents a sustainable approach to energy harvesting,self-powered sensing,and environmental remediation.This study investigates the recycling of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)pipe waste polymers into nanofibers(NFs)optimized for TENG applications.We focused on optimizing the morphology of recycled PVC polymer to NFs and enhancing their piezoelectric properties by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles(NPs).The optimized PVC/0.5 wt%ZnO NFs were tested with Nylon-6 NFs,and copper(Cu)electrodes.The Nylon-6 NFs exhibited a power density of 726.3μWcm^(-2)—1.13 times higher than Cu and maintained 90%stability after 172800 cycles,successfully powering various colored LEDs.Additionally,a 3D-designed device was developed to harvest energy from biomechanical movements such as finger tapping,hand tapping,and foot pressing,making it suitable for wearable energy harvesting,automatic switches,and invisible sensors in surveillance systems.This study demonstrates that recycling polymers for TENG devices can effectively address energy,sensor,and environmental challenges.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20241529)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M750736)。
文摘This study aims to develop a chloride diffusion simulation method that considers the hydration microstructure and pore solution properties during the hydration of tricalcium silicate(C3S).The method combines the hydration simulation,thermodynamic calculation,and finite element analysis to examine the effects of pore solution,including effect of electrochemical potential,effect of chemical activity,and effect of mechanical interactions between ions,on the chloride effective diffusion coefficient of hydrated C3S paste.The results indicate that the effect of electrochemical potential on chloride diffusion becomes stronger with increasing hydration age due to the increase in the content of hydrated calcium silicate;as the hydration age increases,the effect of chemical activity on chloride diffusion weakens when the number of diffusible elements decreases;the effect of mechanical interactions between ions on chloride diffusion decreases with the increase of hydration age.
基金Funded by a Science and Technology Project from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China(No.2019-K-047)Yangzhou Government-Yangzhou University Cooperative Platform Project for Science and Technology Innovation(No.YZ2020262)。
文摘The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride solutions of specific concentrations with different test ages.Hardened properties of the mixes were assessed in terms of weight loss and compressive strength.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)of mixes were performed to analysis the phase evolution and microstructure.The results demonstrated that the introduction of nano-SiO_(2) emulsion significantly decreased the compressive strength loss and calcium hydroxide(CH)crystal content of hydration production,and then enhanced the resistance of cement-based grouting materials to chloride ion penetration.This improvement derives from the filling and pozzolanic effects of nano-SiO_(2) particles,which were incorporated via an emulsion and attributed to a well dispersion in grouting matrix.
文摘Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characteristics.The composition of the cement-based material,including the type of cement and auxiliary materials,greatly influences the ability of the material to bind Cl^(-),and varied components result in varying binding beha-vior of the Cl^(-).Simultaneously,the Cl^(-)binding process in concrete is influenced by both the internal and exterior surroundings,as well as the curing practices.These factors impact the hydration process of the cement and the internal pore structure of the concrete.Currently,mathematical theories and molecular dynamics simulations have increasingly been employed as the prevalent methods for examining the binding behaviors of Cl^(-)in concrete.These techniques are extensively utilized for predicting the lifespan and conducting microscopic studies of reinforced concrete in Cl^(-)settings.This work proposes recommendations for future research based on a summary of experimental and simulation investigations on Cl^(-)binding.Which will offer theoretical guidance for studying the binding of Cl^(-)in cement-based materials.
文摘By using a newly developed 4-hydroxy picolinohydrazide as the ligand,Cu-catalyzed coupling of(hetero)aryl chlorides with sodium aryl sulfonates proceeded smoothly at 130℃to give a series of biarylsulfones in 53%~96%yields.This represents the first metal-catalyzed coupling reaction of(hetero)aryl chlorides with sodium aryl sulfonates.Aryl and heteroaryl chlorides bearing either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups were applicable for this coupling reaction.
基金financially supported by the New Jersey Department of Environmental ProtectionUS EPA。
文摘In this study,synthetic wastewater containing 110μg/L arsenate(As(V)),0-20 mg/L fulvic acid(FA),and 0-12.3 mg/L phosphate was treated with 3 mg/L Fe3+.The mechanisms of FA and phosphate effects on As(V)removal by ferric chloride were determined using 0.22-10μm pore-size filtration,Zetasizer analysis,and in situ flow through cell ATR-FTIR.The results showed that up to 20mg/L FA had almost no effect on the solubility of ferric hydroxide precipitates and adsorption of As(V)by the precipitates.When FA concentration increased from 0 to 20 mg/L,the adsorption of FA led to higher negative zeta potential of the precipitates and the strong electrostatic repulsion between the precipitates decreased the particle size of ferric hydroxide flocs fromlarger than 10μmto smaller than 1μm.In the presence of 5-20 mg/L FA,46%-63%As(V)was adsorbed onto the flocs with particle size in the range of 0.45-1μm.On the other hand,phosphate did not affect the size of ferric hydroxide flocs and significantly increased the dissolved As(V)concentration because it competed with As(V)for adsorption sites on ferric hydroxide precipitates.The addition of 5mg/L cationic organic flocculant significantly reduced the effect of FA on As(V)removal,but did not reduce the effect of phosphate on As(V)removal.The findings of this study will help develop effective arsenic treatment techniques and predict the mobility of arsenic in the environment.
基金supported by the Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science (Project AISRF48490) grantIndo-Australian Biotechnology Fund (BT/Indo-Aus/09/03/2015) provided by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India。
文摘Salinity tissue tolerance is a key trait that confers adaptive potential in halophytic species.The aim of this study was to understand the mechanistic basis of salinity tissue tolerance in the Oryza coarctata,a halophytic wild relative of cultivated rice Oryza sativa,to be then used as novel targets for improving salinity stress tolerance of O.sativa.Salinity led to ~80% decline in mesophyll cell viability in cultivated rice,whereas only 15% reduction was observed in the wild rice.In response to NaCl treatments,mesophyll cells of O.coarctata showed less Na^(+) uptake and better K^(+) retention than cultivated rice.Pharmacological experiments suggested that salinity-induced Na^(+) uptake and K^(+) loss in O.coarctata were mediated by non-selective cation channels(NSCCs) while K^(+) loss in cultivated rice was mediated predominantly by GORK(guard cell outward-rectifying K^(+)) channels.Salt treatment resulted in a depolarization of the plasma membrane(PM) in O.sativa.In contrast,O.coarctata had NaCl dose-dependent hyperpolarization in the mesophyll cells,due to its higher preference for Cl^(-)uptake.This difference in plant ionic relations was partially attributable to differences in transcriptional expression levels of Potassium transporter 1(AKT1),Salt overly sensitive 1(SOS1),Sodium transporter OsHKT1;4,and Chloride channel(OsCLC1).It is concluded that O.coarctata possesses a strong ability to discriminate between Cl^(-)and Na^(+) uptake(a trait lacking in cultivated rice) and use it to maintain negative membrane potential(MP) values without activating H^(+)-ATPase,thus enabling more efficient K^(+) retention in mesophyll with low energy costs.The above traits should be considered as potential targets in the rice breeding program for salt tolerance enhancement.
文摘This minireview explores the role of acetylcholine and muscarinic receptors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and summarizes the latest data on xanomeline/trospium chloride,a novel antipsychotic approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in September 2024.Evidence suggests that cholinergic dysfunction,particularly an imbalance in the expression of the M1 and M4 muscarinic receptors,may contribute to the pathophysiology and symptoms of schizophrenia.Xanomeline/trospium chloride combines xanomeline,an M1 and M4 receptor agonist,with trospium chloride,a non-selective peripheral muscarinic receptor antagonist that reduces peripheral cholinergic side effects.Clinical trials have demonstrated significant reductions in the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia,with improvements in Positive and Negati-ve Syndrome Scale scores observed as early as two weeks.A post-hoc analysis of one trial revealed cognitive improvements in patients with baseline cognitive impairment.This medication was generally well-tolerated,with mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal symptoms being the most common adverse events.While these results are promising,further research is needed to better understand its effectiveness and safety in real-world clinical practice,and to define its optimal role in managing this complex psychiatric disorder.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22168009)。
文摘Highly toxic phosgene,diethyl chlorophosphate(DCP)and volatile acyl chlorides endanger our life and public security.To achieve facile sensing and discrimination of multiple target analytes,herein,we presented a single fluorescent probe(BDP-CHD)for high-throughput screening of phosgene,DCP and volatile acyl chlorides.The probe underwent a covalent cascade reaction with phosgene to form boron dipyrromethene(BODIPY)with bright green fluorescence.By contrast,DCP,diphosgene and acyl chlorides can covalently assembled with the probe,giving rise to strong blue fluorescence.The probe has demonstrated high-throughput detection capability,high sensitivity,fast response(within 3 s)and parts per trillion(ppt)level detection limit.Furthermore,a portable platform based on BDP-CHD was constructed,which has achieved high-throughput discrimination of 16 analytes through linear discriminant analysis(LDA).Moreover,a smartphone adaptable RGB recognition pattern was established for the quantitative detection of multi-analytes.Therefore,this portable fluorescence sensing platform can serve as a versatile tool for rapid and high-throughput detection of toxic phosgene,DCP and volatile acyl chlorides.The proposed“one for more”strategy simplifies multi-target discrimination procedures and holds great promise for various sensing applications.
基金supported by Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2023YFS0389)Chengdu Technology Innovation Research and Development Project of Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau(No.2022-YF05-00307-SN).
文摘Nanoplastics exhibit greater environmental biotoxicity than microplastics and can be ingested by humans through major routes such as tap water,bottled water and other drinking water.Nanoplastics present a challenge for air flotation due to their minute particle size,negative surface potential,and similar density to water.This study employed dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride(DTAC)as a modifier to improve conventional air flotation,which significantly enhanced the removal of polystyrene nanoplastics(PSNPs).Conventional air flotation removed only 3.09%of PSNPs,while air flotation modified by dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride(DTAC-modified air flotation)increased the removal of PSNPs to 98.05%.The analysis of the DTAC-modified air flotation mechanism was conducted using a combination of instruments,including a zeta potential analyzer,contact angle meter,laser particle size meter,high definition camera,scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR).The results indicated that the incorporation of DTAC reversed the electrostatic repulsion between bubbles and PSNPs to electrostatic attraction,significantly enhancing the hydrophobic force in the system.This,in turn,improved the collision adhesion effect between bubbles and PSNPs.The experimental results indicated that even when the flotation time was reduced to 7min,the DTACmodified air flotation still achieved a high removal rate of 96.26%.Furthermore,changes in aeration,pH,and ionic strength did not significantly affect the performance of the modified air flotation for the removal of PSNPs.The removal rate of PSNPs in all three water bodies exceeded 95%.The DTAC-modified air flotation has excellent resistance to interference from complex conditions and shows great potential for practical application.
基金supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00436563)supported by Brain Pool program funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea(Grant No.RS-2023-00284361).
文摘Seawater is the most abundant source of molecular hydrogen.Utilizing the hydrogen reserves present in the seawater may inaugurate innovative strategies aimed at advancing sustainable energy and environmental preservation endeavors in the future.Recently,there has been a surge in study in the field addressing the production of hydrogen through the electrochemical seawater splitting.However,the performance and durability of the electrode have limitations due to the fact that there are a few challenges that need to be addressed in order to make the technology suitable for the industrial purpose.The active site blockage caused by chloride ions that are prevalent in seawater and chloride corrosion is the most significant issue;it has a negative impact on both the activity and the durability of the anode component.Addressing this particular issue is of upmost importance in the seawater splitting area.This review concentrates on the newly developed materials and techniques for inhibiting chloride ions by blocking the active sites,simultaneously preventing the chloride corrosion.It is anticipated that the concept will be advantageous for a large audience and will inspire researchers to study on this particular area of concern.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22373084,No.62201494)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(B2022203007)the Cultivation Project for Basic Research and Innovation of Yanshan University(2024LGZD002).
文摘The adsorption properties of a magnesium porphyrin(MgP)molecule on Au(111)surface covered with up to three lay-ers of sodium chloride(NaCl)were investigated by means of first-principles calculations.The most stable adsorption configuration of MgP on the NaCl/Au(111)heterosurfaces was found to be at the Cl-top site with a 20°angle between the[110]lattice direction of NaCl and the Mg–N bond of the molecule.Compared with MgP molecule adsorbed on bare Au(111),the inclusion of NaCl lay-ers can lead to a significant decrease in the adsorption energy of the MgP molecule.The exis-tence of NaCl layers also reduced the charge transfer between the molecule and the surface.For heterosurfaces with two or three monolayers of NaCl,the charge transfer was almost com-pletely suppressed.The obtained partial density of states(PDOS)showed that hybridization between the electronic structures of the adsorbed MgP molecule and the metal surface can be significantly suppressed when NaCl layers were added.For the heterosurface with three lay-ers of NaCl,the PDOS around the Fermi level was almost identical with that of the free molecule,suggesting the electronic structure of the MgP molecule was nicely preserved.Influ-ence of the NaCl layers on the electronic structure of the MgP molecule was mainly found for molecular orbitals(MOs)away from the Fermi level as a result of the large band gap of the NaCl layers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31471434)。
文摘Background Mepiquat chloride(MC)is a widely used plant growth regulator in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).It regulates endogenous hormone content and crosstalk to control plant height and promote lateral root(LR)development.However,the roles of cytokinins(CTKs)in the MC-induced increase in LR number in cotton seedlings remain unclear.Therefore,in this study,whole-genome transcriptome analysis was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms,CTK transformation,and CTK signaling pathway response to MC in cotton roots.Results In the present study,MC reduced the contents of the active CTK trans-zeatin(tZ)and N^(6)-isopentenyladenine(iP)but increased the levels of the nucleoside CTK trans-zeatin riboside(tZR)and N^(6)-isopentenyladenine riboside(iPR).RNA-seq data showed that the CTK biosynthesis genes GhIPTs and active CTK catabolism genes GhCKXs were obviously upregulated after MC treatment.The CTK-activating enzyme gene GhLOGs was repressed compared with the control.Furthermore,MC inhibited the expression of GhAHK4 and GhARR2/12,which are involved in the CTK signaling pathway,and activated the IAA-IAA14-ARF7/19 signaling module.Meanwhile,MC increased the expression levels of genes involved in sucrose synthesis,the cell cycle,cell division,and cell wall biosynthesis pathways.Silencing the GhCKX family separately decreased the LR number and active indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)level.The expression levels of GhPIN1,GhARF7,GhARF19,GhLBD16,GhLBD18,GhLBD29,and GhLBD33 were downregulated,but GhARR2/12 and GhIAA14 were upregulated.The total content of active CTKs was noticeably increased.The results of silencing the GhLOGs family were opposite to those of silencing GhCKXs.Silencing GhARR12 could upregulate GhPIN1 expression and increase LR number.In addition,the silenced GhCKXs,GhLOGs,and GhARR12 were less responsive to MCinduced LR growth than the control.Conclusion These results suggested that MC treatment could upregulate CTK-nucleoside biosynthesis and CTK metabolism genes to decrease active CTK levels,promoting crosstalk between CTKs and auxin signaling pathways to enhance LR initiation.
文摘Objective To explore the relationship between serum chloride levels and prognosis in patients with hepatic coma in the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods We analyzed 545 patients with hepatic coma in the ICU from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV(MIMIC-IV)database.Associations between serum chloride levels and 28-day and 1-year mortality rates were assessed using restricted cubic splines(RCSs),Kaplan-Meier(KM)curves,and Cox regression.Subgroup analyses,external validation,and mechanistic studies were also performed.Results A total of 545 patients were included in the study.RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped association between serum chloride levels and mortality in patients with hepatic coma.The KM curves indicated lower survival rates among patients with low chloride levels(<103 mmol/L).Low chloride levels were independently linked to increased 28-day and 1-year all-cause mortality rates.In the multivariate models,the hazard ratio(HR)for 28-day mortality in the low-chloride group was 1.424(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.041–1.949),while the adjusted hazard ratio for 1-year mortality was 1.313(95%CI:1.026–1.679).Subgroup analyses and external validation supported these findings.Cytological experiments suggested that low chloride levels may activate the phosphorylation of the NF-κB signaling pathway,promote the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and reduce neuronal cell viability.Conclusion Low serum chloride levels are independently associated with increased mortality in patients with hepatic coma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52222211)“333”Project of Jiangsu Province,and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Considering large volume variation and dissolution issues of some promising electrode materials for chloride ion batteries(CIB),the construction of solid polymer electrolytes(SPE)for efficient chloride ion transport is intriguing.However,this is hindered by low ionic conductivity of chloride SPEs and poor cycling performance of CIBs.Herein,an in-situ polymerized and cross-linked poly(ethylene gly-col)diacrylate-based chloride SPE with a low plasticizer content of succinonitrile is designed,yielding a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 7.6×10^(−5) S cm^(−1),which is higher than that of previously re-ported SPEs for CIBs.Moreover,the use of the asprepared SPE achieves an integrated organic cathode with significantly enhanced rate performance and capacity retention of 96.1%after 100 cycles at room temperature,which is much higher than 49.9%(80 cycles)of the cathode in the CIB with a sandwiched structure.These improved properties are also superior to that of other reported cathodes coupled with different chloride SPEs.The chloride ion transfer mechanism of the cathode is revealed by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371809)the Zhejiang Public Welfare Public Research Program(LGC22B010001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial University of Zhejiang(2024TD002).
文摘Rechargeable chlorine-based battery recently emerged as a promising substitute for energy storage systems due to their high average operating voltage(~3.7 V)and large theoretical capacity of~754.9 mAh g-1.However,insufficient supply of chlorine(Cl_(2))and sluggish oxidation of NaCl to Cl_(2) limit its practical application.Covalent Organic Frameworks(COFs)have the potential to be ideal Cl_(2) host materials as Cl_(2) adsorbents for their abundant porosity and easily modifiable nature.In this work,the single atom Mn coordinated biomimetic phthalocyanine COFs are used for Cl_(2) capture and catalyst.The DFT reveals that ASMn and-NH_(2) significantly change the microenvironment around the active site,effectively promoting the oxidation of NaCl.When applied as the cathode material for Na-Cl_(2) batteries,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 electrode exhibits large reversible capacities and excellent high-rate cycling performances throughout 200 cycles based on the mechanism of highly reversible NaCl/Cl_(2) redox reactions.Even at the temperature as low as-40℃,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 cathode showed stable discharge ca-pacities at~1000 mAh g^(-1) over 50 cycles with a voltage plateau of~3.3 V.This work may provide new insights for the investigation of chlorine-based electrochemical redox mechanisms and the design of green nanoscaled electrodes for high-property chlorine-based batteries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3504501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274355)。
文摘This paper focuses on the preparation of rare earth oxide products from rare earth chloride solutions during the rare earth extraction and separation processes,as well as the recycling of magnesium chloride solutions.It proposes the idea of introducing spray pyrolysis technology into the rare earth extraction and separation processes.This paper briefly describes the development history of chloride spray pyrolysis technology,focusing on the research status and application progress of rare earth chloride solution and magnesium chloride solution spray pyrolysis technology,as well as spray pyrolysis equipment.The paper also analyzes the challenges and technical intricacies associated with applying spray pyrolysis technology to chloride solutions in the rare earth extraction and separation processes.Additionally,it explores future trends and proposes strategies to facilitate the full recycling of acids and bases,streamline the process flow,and enhance the prospects for green and low-carbon rare earth metallurgy.
