The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was employed to obtain information about the voltage-dependence and kinetics of interaction of 7-chlor-benzylte-trahydropalmatine (7-Cl-BTHP) with cardiac sodium channels. 7-Cl-BTH...The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was employed to obtain information about the voltage-dependence and kinetics of interaction of 7-chlor-benzylte-trahydropalmatine (7-Cl-BTHP) with cardiac sodium channels. 7-Cl-BTHP (30 mol/L) significantly decreased the peak sodium current (from 7. 8±1. 8 nA to 5. 3±1. 4 nA, P<0. 01, n=5), without producing a shift of the current-voltage curve. It shifted the inactivation curves of sodium current to hyperpolarized potentials, and the V(0.5) was shifted from - (82. 5±2. 5) mV to - (95±2.4) mV (P <0. 05, n=4). 7-Cl-BTHP produced a significant use-dependent effect that was proportional to the duration of the voltage step. In addition, 7-Cl-BTHP slowed the recovery of sodium channel from inactivation, which could explain its use-dependent effects on sodium current. The characteristics of 7-Cl-BTHP blockage suggest that this agent binds preferentially to inactivated sodium channels.展开更多
Application of an oxygen-depolarized cathode will contribute to energy saving in chlor-alkali electrolysis. For this purpose, the development of high-performance cathode with the best electrocatalyst is essential. Usi...Application of an oxygen-depolarized cathode will contribute to energy saving in chlor-alkali electrolysis. For this purpose, the development of high-performance cathode with the best electrocatalyst is essential. Using bimetallic Pt-based alloy electrocatalysts including PtPd and PtAg carbon-supported in oxygen-depolarized cathode chlor-alkali cell has been shown to have the high cell performance. This study presents application of PtRu carbon supported electrocatalyst oxygen-depolarized cathode and performance comparison of cells with carbon-supported PtRu, PtPd and PtAg electrocatalysts cathodes using the same DSA-Cl2 anode. Results show that there are quite similarity between the effects of various factors on the caustic current efficiency (CCE) in a zero-gap oxygen-depolarized chlor-alkali cells employing carbon-supported PtPd, PtRu and PtAg electrocatalysts. Besides, it seems that the PtPd/C electrocatalyst cathode has relatively higher performance than the other cathodes with PtAg/C and PtRu/C electrocatalysts in zero-gap chlor-alkali cells.展开更多
Mercury contamination was found to be widespread in soils at a property in Upstate New York. Historical site use suggested that the mercury did not result from prior industrial use of the property. Soil contamination ...Mercury contamination was found to be widespread in soils at a property in Upstate New York. Historical site use suggested that the mercury did not result from prior industrial use of the property. Soil contamination may have resulted from atmospheric deposition of mercury released from properties in close proximity to the contaminated property. The purpose of this forensics investigation was to examine to what extent atmospheric deposition of elemental mercury may have influenced mercury levels found in surficial soils on the contaminated property and further to identify the source(s) of the mercury. Work efforts included an examination of historical records available for a chlor-alkali plant (CAP) upwind of the contaminated property to establish historical use and disposal practices for elemental mercury. Mercury emissions test data from the Upstate New York chlor-alkali facility were modeled (USEPA ISC3) as a means of estimating impacts on ambient air and soils vicinal to the facility. Mercury emissions from the facility were modeled as both a point source and volume source. For example, at a location 305 meters to the east and 30 meters to the north of the modeled source centerline elemental mercury concentrations in ambient air were estimated at 270 ng/m<sup>3</sup> (average results based upon 5 years of meteorological data). This value is contrasted to a background concentration of 1.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup> (USEPA Report to Congress 1997). As a result of the modeling data in combination with findings related to mercury use and disposal practices at the NY CAP documented from the records review, it was concluded that emissions from the CAP facility during the period of operation (1897-1991) most likely accounted for the concentrations of elemental mercury found in surficial soils at properties situated downwind of the CAP. These findings were further corroborated by information available in the open literature for CAPs world-wide.展开更多
In the last 10 years, the demand for chloralkaliproducts coming from theconstruction, plastic processing, alumina,paper-making and printing & dyeing industriesin China has increased dramatically.This has caused ch...In the last 10 years, the demand for chloralkaliproducts coming from theconstruction, plastic processing, alumina,paper-making and printing & dyeing industriesin China has increased dramatically.This has caused chlor-alkali enterprises toconstantly expand their capacities. In 2005-2007, the growth rate of China’s causticsoda capacity exceeded 20%. Encouragedby winning an anti-dumping case in 2003,展开更多
PVC(polyvinyl chloride)andcaustic soda, the most im-portant exports in the chlor-alkali sector are both greatlyaffected by the new policy.The export rebate rate forPVC is reduced from 11% to5% and the rate for caustic...PVC(polyvinyl chloride)andcaustic soda, the most im-portant exports in the chlor-alkali sector are both greatlyaffected by the new policy.The export rebate rate forPVC is reduced from 11% to5% and the rate for causticsoda is reduced from 13% to0%.PVC in China has under-展开更多
With the development of China’s salt chemicalindustry,the output and capacity of sodaash and chlor-alkali have increased rapidly.Soda ash has been in oversupply.Chlor-alkaliplants mainly produce liquid chlorineand ca...With the development of China’s salt chemicalindustry,the output and capacity of sodaash and chlor-alkali have increased rapidly.Soda ash has been in oversupply.Chlor-alkaliplants mainly produce liquid chlorineand caustic soda.The development of chlorinederivative products is more importantbecause caustic soda is simpler to transportand store than liquid chlorine,and the downstreamproducts of liquid chlorine have展开更多
Inner Mongolia Lantai Industrial Co.,Ltd.(SH:600328) located in the northwest of China accomplished a sale revenue of RMB891 million in 2007,an increase of 9.84% over the previous year and a net profit of RMB59 millio...Inner Mongolia Lantai Industrial Co.,Ltd.(SH:600328) located in the northwest of China accomplished a sale revenue of RMB891 million in 2007,an increase of 9.84% over the previous year and a net profit of RMB59 million,an increase of 5.06%.Lantai Industrial reported that the perfor-mance growth was resulted from the satisfac-tory profit-earning status of metal sodium and sodium chlorate businesses.The capac-ity of metal sodium in the company is 45 000t/a,holding the third place in the world and the first place in Asia.The company gained RMB257 million operating revenue in metal sodium business in 2007,accounting for 29% of the total operating revenue in the company.The downstream demand for sodium chlor-ate is brisk in China.The company also展开更多
China’s chlorine and caustic demand has started at a relatively low base in the early 2000s.However,from the year 2000 onwards,the chlor-alkali industry has been
On September 16th a groundbreaking ceremony was held at Shandong Lubei EnterpriseGroup General Company’s site in Wudi county,Shandong province for a RMB5 billionproject.The project that will be jointly funded by Jian...On September 16th a groundbreaking ceremony was held at Shandong Lubei EnterpriseGroup General Company’s site in Wudi county,Shandong province for a RMB5 billionproject.The project that will be jointly funded by Jiangsu Sanmu Group and LubeiEnterprise Group includes a 600 000 t/a chlor-alkali plant,a 240 000 t/a epichloroydrinunit and a 200 000 t/a adipic acid unit.Construction will be proceeded in two phasesand completed in five years.Phase one,with planned investment of RMB3.7 billion,will be completed in 2011.Lubei Enterprise Group engages in the production of phosphate compound fertilizers,bromide,chlor-alkali and cement.Jiangsu Sanmu Group is China’s leading producer ofresins for coatings.展开更多
China’s chlor-alkali makers are facing a sternsituation, commented by Li Jun, president ofShanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd. (SH:600618) at a conference held in Beijing September4th.Amid the global economic cri...China’s chlor-alkali makers are facing a sternsituation, commented by Li Jun, president ofShanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd. (SH:600618) at a conference held in Beijing September4th.Amid the global economic crisis, the outputof both polyvinyl chloride (PVC) andcaustic soda (CS) plummeted with a low operatingrate, which was the first problem展开更多
On December 29th,2008 China Pingmei Shenma Energy Chemical Group Co.,Ltd.(PingmeiShenma)resumed construction of its chlor-alkali project in Pingdingshan of Henan province.The chlor-alkali project,once owned by Shenma ...On December 29th,2008 China Pingmei Shenma Energy Chemical Group Co.,Ltd.(PingmeiShenma)resumed construction of its chlor-alkali project in Pingdingshan of Henan province.The chlor-alkali project,once owned by Shenma Group,includes a 300 000 t/a PVC(polyvinyl chloride)unit and a 300 000 t/a caustic soda unit.Construction on the展开更多
Zunyi Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd. has put 14 million shar(?)s on sale in April on theShanghai United Assets and Equity Exchange.Zunyi Chlor-Alkali Chemical, or formerly Zunyi Soda Ash Plant, is the only chlor-alka...Zunyi Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd. has put 14 million shar(?)s on sale in April on theShanghai United Assets and Equity Exchange.Zunyi Chlor-Alkali Chemical, or formerly Zunyi Soda Ash Plant, is the only chlor-alkalimaker in Guizhou province and one of the 13 key national designated chlor-alkali companies.It has a total share of 170 million, and is controlled by the State-Assets Supervision展开更多
文摘The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was employed to obtain information about the voltage-dependence and kinetics of interaction of 7-chlor-benzylte-trahydropalmatine (7-Cl-BTHP) with cardiac sodium channels. 7-Cl-BTHP (30 mol/L) significantly decreased the peak sodium current (from 7. 8±1. 8 nA to 5. 3±1. 4 nA, P<0. 01, n=5), without producing a shift of the current-voltage curve. It shifted the inactivation curves of sodium current to hyperpolarized potentials, and the V(0.5) was shifted from - (82. 5±2. 5) mV to - (95±2.4) mV (P <0. 05, n=4). 7-Cl-BTHP produced a significant use-dependent effect that was proportional to the duration of the voltage step. In addition, 7-Cl-BTHP slowed the recovery of sodium channel from inactivation, which could explain its use-dependent effects on sodium current. The characteristics of 7-Cl-BTHP blockage suggest that this agent binds preferentially to inactivated sodium channels.
文摘Application of an oxygen-depolarized cathode will contribute to energy saving in chlor-alkali electrolysis. For this purpose, the development of high-performance cathode with the best electrocatalyst is essential. Using bimetallic Pt-based alloy electrocatalysts including PtPd and PtAg carbon-supported in oxygen-depolarized cathode chlor-alkali cell has been shown to have the high cell performance. This study presents application of PtRu carbon supported electrocatalyst oxygen-depolarized cathode and performance comparison of cells with carbon-supported PtRu, PtPd and PtAg electrocatalysts cathodes using the same DSA-Cl2 anode. Results show that there are quite similarity between the effects of various factors on the caustic current efficiency (CCE) in a zero-gap oxygen-depolarized chlor-alkali cells employing carbon-supported PtPd, PtRu and PtAg electrocatalysts. Besides, it seems that the PtPd/C electrocatalyst cathode has relatively higher performance than the other cathodes with PtAg/C and PtRu/C electrocatalysts in zero-gap chlor-alkali cells.
文摘Mercury contamination was found to be widespread in soils at a property in Upstate New York. Historical site use suggested that the mercury did not result from prior industrial use of the property. Soil contamination may have resulted from atmospheric deposition of mercury released from properties in close proximity to the contaminated property. The purpose of this forensics investigation was to examine to what extent atmospheric deposition of elemental mercury may have influenced mercury levels found in surficial soils on the contaminated property and further to identify the source(s) of the mercury. Work efforts included an examination of historical records available for a chlor-alkali plant (CAP) upwind of the contaminated property to establish historical use and disposal practices for elemental mercury. Mercury emissions test data from the Upstate New York chlor-alkali facility were modeled (USEPA ISC3) as a means of estimating impacts on ambient air and soils vicinal to the facility. Mercury emissions from the facility were modeled as both a point source and volume source. For example, at a location 305 meters to the east and 30 meters to the north of the modeled source centerline elemental mercury concentrations in ambient air were estimated at 270 ng/m<sup>3</sup> (average results based upon 5 years of meteorological data). This value is contrasted to a background concentration of 1.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup> (USEPA Report to Congress 1997). As a result of the modeling data in combination with findings related to mercury use and disposal practices at the NY CAP documented from the records review, it was concluded that emissions from the CAP facility during the period of operation (1897-1991) most likely accounted for the concentrations of elemental mercury found in surficial soils at properties situated downwind of the CAP. These findings were further corroborated by information available in the open literature for CAPs world-wide.
文摘In the last 10 years, the demand for chloralkaliproducts coming from theconstruction, plastic processing, alumina,paper-making and printing & dyeing industriesin China has increased dramatically.This has caused chlor-alkali enterprises toconstantly expand their capacities. In 2005-2007, the growth rate of China’s causticsoda capacity exceeded 20%. Encouragedby winning an anti-dumping case in 2003,
文摘PVC(polyvinyl chloride)andcaustic soda, the most im-portant exports in the chlor-alkali sector are both greatlyaffected by the new policy.The export rebate rate forPVC is reduced from 11% to5% and the rate for causticsoda is reduced from 13% to0%.PVC in China has under-
文摘With the development of China’s salt chemicalindustry,the output and capacity of sodaash and chlor-alkali have increased rapidly.Soda ash has been in oversupply.Chlor-alkaliplants mainly produce liquid chlorineand caustic soda.The development of chlorinederivative products is more importantbecause caustic soda is simpler to transportand store than liquid chlorine,and the downstreamproducts of liquid chlorine have
文摘Inner Mongolia Lantai Industrial Co.,Ltd.(SH:600328) located in the northwest of China accomplished a sale revenue of RMB891 million in 2007,an increase of 9.84% over the previous year and a net profit of RMB59 million,an increase of 5.06%.Lantai Industrial reported that the perfor-mance growth was resulted from the satisfac-tory profit-earning status of metal sodium and sodium chlorate businesses.The capac-ity of metal sodium in the company is 45 000t/a,holding the third place in the world and the first place in Asia.The company gained RMB257 million operating revenue in metal sodium business in 2007,accounting for 29% of the total operating revenue in the company.The downstream demand for sodium chlor-ate is brisk in China.The company also
文摘China’s chlorine and caustic demand has started at a relatively low base in the early 2000s.However,from the year 2000 onwards,the chlor-alkali industry has been
文摘On September 16th a groundbreaking ceremony was held at Shandong Lubei EnterpriseGroup General Company’s site in Wudi county,Shandong province for a RMB5 billionproject.The project that will be jointly funded by Jiangsu Sanmu Group and LubeiEnterprise Group includes a 600 000 t/a chlor-alkali plant,a 240 000 t/a epichloroydrinunit and a 200 000 t/a adipic acid unit.Construction will be proceeded in two phasesand completed in five years.Phase one,with planned investment of RMB3.7 billion,will be completed in 2011.Lubei Enterprise Group engages in the production of phosphate compound fertilizers,bromide,chlor-alkali and cement.Jiangsu Sanmu Group is China’s leading producer ofresins for coatings.
文摘China’s chlor-alkali makers are facing a sternsituation, commented by Li Jun, president ofShanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd. (SH:600618) at a conference held in Beijing September4th.Amid the global economic crisis, the outputof both polyvinyl chloride (PVC) andcaustic soda (CS) plummeted with a low operatingrate, which was the first problem
文摘On December 29th,2008 China Pingmei Shenma Energy Chemical Group Co.,Ltd.(PingmeiShenma)resumed construction of its chlor-alkali project in Pingdingshan of Henan province.The chlor-alkali project,once owned by Shenma Group,includes a 300 000 t/a PVC(polyvinyl chloride)unit and a 300 000 t/a caustic soda unit.Construction on the
文摘Zunyi Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd. has put 14 million shar(?)s on sale in April on theShanghai United Assets and Equity Exchange.Zunyi Chlor-Alkali Chemical, or formerly Zunyi Soda Ash Plant, is the only chlor-alkalimaker in Guizhou province and one of the 13 key national designated chlor-alkali companies.It has a total share of 170 million, and is controlled by the State-Assets Supervision
