Using the multi-temporal Landsat data and survey data of national resources, the authors studied the dynamics of cultivated land and landcover changes of typical ecological regions in China. The results of investigati...Using the multi-temporal Landsat data and survey data of national resources, the authors studied the dynamics of cultivated land and landcover changes of typical ecological regions in China. The results of investigation showed that the whole distribution of the cultivated land shifted to Northeast and Northwest China, and as a result, the ecological quality of cultivated land dropped down. The seacoast and cultivated land in the area of Yellow River Mouth expanded by an increasing rate of 0.73 kma-1, with a depositing rate of 2.1 kma-1. The desertification area of the dynamic of Horqin Sandy Land increased from 60.02% of the total land area in1970s to 64.82% in1980s but decreased to 54.90% in early 1990s. As to the change of North Tibet lakes, the water area of the Namu Lake decreased by 38.58 km2 from year 1970 to 1988, with a decreasing rate of 2.14 km2a-1.展开更多
With the publication of Red Star over China,Snow became the premier interpreter of 1930s’China for a generation of American readers.Taken it as political travel writing,this essay focuses on the ideological approach...With the publication of Red Star over China,Snow became the premier interpreter of 1930s’China for a generation of American readers.Taken it as political travel writing,this essay focuses on the ideological approach of“two Chinas”Snow described in this book.Orientalism is considered as the dominant and only ideology through the comparative reading of Red China and White China.However,Snow complicates Said’s orientalism and adopts Pratt’s“anti-conquest narrative”strategy when describing“two Chinas”.This essay explores the textual representation of“two Chinas”through unpacking issues such as political condition,historical context and ideological approach.It also examines the literary techniques involved in the textual construction of both Red and White Chinas in the same Chinese territory in late 1930s.展开更多
Through three-year’s efforts, a nationwide unitary certification and accreditation system has already been established in China, which has legalized and standardized China’s certification and accreditation work. App...Through three-year’s efforts, a nationwide unitary certification and accreditation system has already been established in China, which has legalized and standardized China’s certification and accreditation work. Apporved by the State Council, the Certification and Accreditation Administration of China (CNCA), which is in charge of supervising, administrating and coordinating certification and accreditation departments of the whole nation, has done a lot of work to achieve this goal.展开更多
Due to global climate warming and natural and man-made land subsidence etc., relative sea level rise in the coastal plains of China will exceed 2-3 times over the golbal mean value during the first half part of the 21...Due to global climate warming and natural and man-made land subsidence etc., relative sea level rise in the coastal plains of China will exceed 2-3 times over the golbal mean value during the first half part of the 21st century. It will result in a series of adverse impacts on evolution of natural environment and socioeconomic development of the coastal area. This paper analyses environmental and resource effects induced by relative sea level rise in China's coastal areas on the basis of rough estimate of future relative sea level rise. These effects include inundating tidal flat and wetlands and increase in inundated risk of coastal habitable land,exacerbating storm surge. coastal erosion, flooding and salt water intrusion hazards.as well as endangering land. water. tourism and living resources and their utilization.展开更多
By using the 40-year NCEP (1958-1997) grid point reanalysis meteorological data, we analyzed the inter-decadal variation on the climatic characteristics of the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon. The results are ...By using the 40-year NCEP (1958-1997) grid point reanalysis meteorological data, we analyzed the inter-decadal variation on the climatic characteristics of the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon. The results are as follows. (1) There was great difference on the onset date of the SCS summer monsoon between the first two decades and the last two decades. It was late on the 6th pentad of May for the first two decades and was on the 4th and 5th pentad of May for the next two decades. (2) Except for the third decade (1978-1987), the establishment of the monsoon rainfall was one to two pentads earlier than the onset of the summer monsoon in all other three decades. (3) The onset of the SCS monsoon is the result of the abrupt development and eastward advancement of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The four-decade analysis shows that there were abrupt development of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal between the 3rd and 4th pentad of May, but there was great difference between its eastward movement and its onset intensity. These may have important effect to the earlier or later onset of the SCS summer monsoon. (4) During the onset of the SCS summer monsoon, there were great difference in the upper and lower circulation feature between the first two and the next two decades. At the lower troposphere of the first two decades, the Indian-Burma trough was stronger and the center of the subtropical high was located more eastward. At the upper troposphere, the northward movement of the center of subtropical high was large and located more northward after it landed on the Indo-China Peninsula. After comparison, we can see that the circulation feature of the last two decades was favorable to the establishment and development of the SCS summer monsoon.展开更多
In 2016 European Romantic Review published a special issue on China in Romantic literature and culture.The four articles in this issue examine China’s impact on such British cultural domains as gardening,periodicals,...In 2016 European Romantic Review published a special issue on China in Romantic literature and culture.The four articles in this issue examine China’s impact on such British cultural domains as gardening,periodicals,folktale,and tourism.In his introduction to this issue,Kitson argues that literary studies in the 21st century should renew their attention to China:"With the increasing presence...of China on the global stage,imminently about to assume the status of the world’s lar gest economy,it might now be argued that in the second decade of the twenty-first century our critical focus might be attuned to China and Southeast Asia"(3).展开更多
On December 30,2025,Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi,also a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,addressed a symposium in Beijing on the international situation and Chin...On December 30,2025,Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi,also a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,addressed a symposium in Beijing on the international situation and China's foreign relations in 2025.展开更多
Representatives of several overseas media outlets and international journalists discussed with Xinhua News Agency the topics on which they focused while reporting on this year’s two sessions,which were the third sess...Representatives of several overseas media outlets and international journalists discussed with Xinhua News Agency the topics on which they focused while reporting on this year’s two sessions,which were the third sessions of the 14th National People’s Congress and the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.In this edition,we highlight their comments on China’s remarkable achievements on the country's,path to modernization,and also on China's positive role in trying to ensure global stability,peace and development.展开更多
Substantial advancements have been made in China's energy sector during the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-25)period,with green energy now accounting for one third of the nation's electricity consumption.Green energ...Substantial advancements have been made in China's energy sector during the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-25)period,with green energy now accounting for one third of the nation's electricity consumption.Green energy is generated from natural resources such as sunlight,wind or water without producing any pollution or carbon emissions.展开更多
From lecture halls in Beijing to villages in the mountains of southwest China,a group of young rural innovators from Global South countries recently embarked on a journey that connected policy thinking,technological p...From lecture halls in Beijing to villages in the mountains of southwest China,a group of young rural innovators from Global South countries recently embarked on a journey that connected policy thinking,technological practice and lived rural experience.展开更多
As we enter the year 2026,the international system continues to receive shocks from Donald Trump,arguably the 21st century’s most disruptive US leader.His return to the White House in 2025 coincided with the 80th ann...As we enter the year 2026,the international system continues to receive shocks from Donald Trump,arguably the 21st century’s most disruptive US leader.His return to the White House in 2025 coincided with the 80th anniversary of the defeat of fascism and the establishment of the United Nations,the multilateral platform that carried the world’s hope for peace,restraint and collective security.The coincidence was unsettling.A world order designed to limit power now confronts a moment in which power is exercised openly,transactionally and unapologetically.展开更多
The informal term‘dahongjun’or‘big red mushroom’is a group of red-coloured russulas widely collected and consumed in southern China,originally mistakenly recognized as the European Russula vinosa.Russula griseocar...The informal term‘dahongjun’or‘big red mushroom’is a group of red-coloured russulas widely collected and consumed in southern China,originally mistakenly recognized as the European Russula vinosa.Russula griseocarnosa was described from China in 2009,and since then,it has become the only available scientific name for‘dahongjun’.Nevertheless,several lineages exist within this complex,and whether these lineages represent real species is still an open question.Sampling in major producing areas of‘dahongjun’and phylogenetic species recognition using multi-locus data were conducted.Besides R.griseocarnosa nine additional species were identified under the commercial name‘dahongjun’,including R.dhakuriana,R.quercina,R.purpureozonata,R.yanheensis and a new species sister to R.griseocarnosa here described as R.occulta.The others were undescribed species close to R.laricina,R.lepida,and R.purpureozonata respectively.Six evolutionary lineages within R.griseocarnosa were defined by genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition based on five-locus DNA data.Conflicts among different genealogies suggested that R.griseocarnosa is best considered as a single phylogenetic species,comprising several infraspecific taxa.Lower coverage whole genome sequencing of R.griseocarnosa holotype discovered that its three individuals belong to three different clades.Lectotypification was made using one of the three individuals.A new variety R.griseocarnosa var.ailaoshanensis is described to name one of the terminal clades that is mainly distributed in Ailao Mountains.This variety differs morphologically from the type variety in its nearly white context,bigger spores and more inflated hyphae in the pileipellis.The morphological and molecular data provided in this study are helpful to identify wild edible mushrooms of Russula subgen.Russula.展开更多
1922年中国地质学会成立,并创办了《The Bullletin of Geological Society of China》(即《中国地质学会志》,主要为英文,包括德文、法文等),标志着中国地质学家已经成长起来。至1936年,先辈们觉得“但中文刊物,至今尚付缺如,实为遗憾...1922年中国地质学会成立,并创办了《The Bullletin of Geological Society of China》(即《中国地质学会志》,主要为英文,包括德文、法文等),标志着中国地质学家已经成长起来。至1936年,先辈们觉得“但中文刊物,至今尚付缺如,实为遗憾。夫一国学术之发表,岂能尽恃外国文字,此乃事理之至明者”(谢家荣,地质论评发刊辞),遂创办了第一个中文地质学定期刊物——《地质论评》。展开更多
On January 15,the list of Top10 News Stories on ChinaASEAN Cooperation 2025 was officially unveiled at a ceremony in Nanning,capital of southwest China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The event was supervised by C...On January 15,the list of Top10 News Stories on ChinaASEAN Cooperation 2025 was officially unveiled at a ceremony in Nanning,capital of southwest China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The event was supervised by China International Communications Group(CICG),China Foreign Affairs University(CFAU),and the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional Committee and co-hosted by the CICG Center for AsiaPacific,CFAU Institute of Asian Studies,Guangxi University,and Guangxi International Communication Center.展开更多
Red packet, or the red envelope containing money as a bribe or kickback, is a kind ofpresent. It not only reflects a relationship involving exchange of material things, but also hassocial and cultural implications. Se...Red packet, or the red envelope containing money as a bribe or kickback, is a kind ofpresent. It not only reflects a relationship involving exchange of material things, but also hassocial and cultural implications. Seen as an element of Chinese social organizations, the redpacket has multiple functions social, economic and political. In the traditional Chinesesociety, the red packet had already been in existence in the medical industry. After thePeoples Republic of China was founded, the practice of giving and receiving red packet, toa large extent, disappeared because of the establishment of the planned economic system.However, since the countrys reform and opening up began, the red packet has appearedagain in the medical health industry. This reappearance is mainly because that the economicreform has been a gradual process with different emphases at different stages. Before theburden of expenditure on medical institutions and public health welfare has been lifted fromthe shoulders of public finance, market elements have already entered the management ofmedical institutions and made room for the popularization of red packets.展开更多
A system has been set up in China which provides for independent directors of listedcompanies. Whether these independent directors could play an effective role has, however,always been a matter for dispute. The recent...A system has been set up in China which provides for independent directors of listedcompanies. Whether these independent directors could play an effective role has, however,always been a matter for dispute. The recent case of Leshan Power shows that under thelegal framework and share structure which currently exists in China, there is very narrowscope for independent directors to carry out their function. After discussing the main obstaclesto implementation of independent directorship of Chinas listed companies, the authorpoints out several measures that must be taken in order to enhance the effectiveness ofboards of directors. Finally this paper concludes that without the necessary conditions forindependent directors to actually have a functioning role to play, invitation of independentdirectors by listed companies will be a matter of form only.展开更多
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 132 tornadic events in northeastern China from 2004 to 2023,utilizing radar and ERA5 reanalysis data to investigate the climatology,environmental drivers,and synoptic li...This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 132 tornadic events in northeastern China from 2004 to 2023,utilizing radar and ERA5 reanalysis data to investigate the climatology,environmental drivers,and synoptic linkages with Northeast China cold vortices(NCCVs)of tornadic storms under different convective modes.Results reveal that discrete storms account for 70%of events,with clustered cells(CC)being the most frequent mode,while significant tornadoes(EF2+)are primarily associated with isolated cells(IC)and broken lines(BL).The storm mode distribution in northeastern China resembles that of the central United States but with a higher proportion of CC and lower IC.In contrast,southern China exhibits a higher frequency of quasi-linear(QL)modes(>50%),similar to European patterns.Although no single parameter clearly differentiates between all tornado modes,distinct morphological characteristics emerge through specific parameter combinations:NL modes are characterized by high 0-1 km storm-relative helicity(SRH1)and humidity but low 0-6 km shear(SR6),whereas IC modes display contrasting features with low SRH1 and high CAPE.Notably,83%of tornadoes are associated with NCCVs,preferentially forming in southeastern/southwestern quadrants.Strong tornadoes favor southeastern quadrants,while NCCV intensity correlates with tornadic distance from vortex centers.Three characteristic synoptic configurations emerge:(T1)strong deep vortices with vertically aligned cold troughs,generating southeast-dominant tornado clusters characterized by a high proportion of BL and QL modes;(T2)weaker vortices featuring sub-synoptic troughs,with southern-distributed events dominated by a predominance of the CC mode;(T3)transverse-trough systems exhibiting CAPE-SRH decoupling and reduced tornadic activity.This study enhances our understanding of tornadoes in northeastern China,informing future research on formation mechanisms,prediction methods,and disaster prevention strategies.展开更多
基金National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (Grant No. 39900084) and KZCX1-10-07.
文摘Using the multi-temporal Landsat data and survey data of national resources, the authors studied the dynamics of cultivated land and landcover changes of typical ecological regions in China. The results of investigation showed that the whole distribution of the cultivated land shifted to Northeast and Northwest China, and as a result, the ecological quality of cultivated land dropped down. The seacoast and cultivated land in the area of Yellow River Mouth expanded by an increasing rate of 0.73 kma-1, with a depositing rate of 2.1 kma-1. The desertification area of the dynamic of Horqin Sandy Land increased from 60.02% of the total land area in1970s to 64.82% in1980s but decreased to 54.90% in early 1990s. As to the change of North Tibet lakes, the water area of the Namu Lake decreased by 38.58 km2 from year 1970 to 1988, with a decreasing rate of 2.14 km2a-1.
基金This work is supported by the Funding of Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Shenzhen City(SZ2021C007).
文摘With the publication of Red Star over China,Snow became the premier interpreter of 1930s’China for a generation of American readers.Taken it as political travel writing,this essay focuses on the ideological approach of“two Chinas”Snow described in this book.Orientalism is considered as the dominant and only ideology through the comparative reading of Red China and White China.However,Snow complicates Said’s orientalism and adopts Pratt’s“anti-conquest narrative”strategy when describing“two Chinas”.This essay explores the textual representation of“two Chinas”through unpacking issues such as political condition,historical context and ideological approach.It also examines the literary techniques involved in the textual construction of both Red and White Chinas in the same Chinese territory in late 1930s.
文摘Through three-year’s efforts, a nationwide unitary certification and accreditation system has already been established in China, which has legalized and standardized China’s certification and accreditation work. Apporved by the State Council, the Certification and Accreditation Administration of China (CNCA), which is in charge of supervising, administrating and coordinating certification and accreditation departments of the whole nation, has done a lot of work to achieve this goal.
文摘Due to global climate warming and natural and man-made land subsidence etc., relative sea level rise in the coastal plains of China will exceed 2-3 times over the golbal mean value during the first half part of the 21st century. It will result in a series of adverse impacts on evolution of natural environment and socioeconomic development of the coastal area. This paper analyses environmental and resource effects induced by relative sea level rise in China's coastal areas on the basis of rough estimate of future relative sea level rise. These effects include inundating tidal flat and wetlands and increase in inundated risk of coastal habitable land,exacerbating storm surge. coastal erosion, flooding and salt water intrusion hazards.as well as endangering land. water. tourism and living resources and their utilization.
基金National Scaling Project A The Scientific Experiment on South China Sea Monsoon Part I from the fund for (G1998040900)
文摘By using the 40-year NCEP (1958-1997) grid point reanalysis meteorological data, we analyzed the inter-decadal variation on the climatic characteristics of the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon. The results are as follows. (1) There was great difference on the onset date of the SCS summer monsoon between the first two decades and the last two decades. It was late on the 6th pentad of May for the first two decades and was on the 4th and 5th pentad of May for the next two decades. (2) Except for the third decade (1978-1987), the establishment of the monsoon rainfall was one to two pentads earlier than the onset of the summer monsoon in all other three decades. (3) The onset of the SCS monsoon is the result of the abrupt development and eastward advancement of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The four-decade analysis shows that there were abrupt development of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal between the 3rd and 4th pentad of May, but there was great difference between its eastward movement and its onset intensity. These may have important effect to the earlier or later onset of the SCS summer monsoon. (4) During the onset of the SCS summer monsoon, there were great difference in the upper and lower circulation feature between the first two and the next two decades. At the lower troposphere of the first two decades, the Indian-Burma trough was stronger and the center of the subtropical high was located more eastward. At the upper troposphere, the northward movement of the center of subtropical high was large and located more northward after it landed on the Indo-China Peninsula. After comparison, we can see that the circulation feature of the last two decades was favorable to the establishment and development of the SCS summer monsoon.
文摘In 2016 European Romantic Review published a special issue on China in Romantic literature and culture.The four articles in this issue examine China’s impact on such British cultural domains as gardening,periodicals,folktale,and tourism.In his introduction to this issue,Kitson argues that literary studies in the 21st century should renew their attention to China:"With the increasing presence...of China on the global stage,imminently about to assume the status of the world’s lar gest economy,it might now be argued that in the second decade of the twenty-first century our critical focus might be attuned to China and Southeast Asia"(3).
文摘On December 30,2025,Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi,also a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,addressed a symposium in Beijing on the international situation and China's foreign relations in 2025.
文摘Representatives of several overseas media outlets and international journalists discussed with Xinhua News Agency the topics on which they focused while reporting on this year’s two sessions,which were the third sessions of the 14th National People’s Congress and the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.In this edition,we highlight their comments on China’s remarkable achievements on the country's,path to modernization,and also on China's positive role in trying to ensure global stability,peace and development.
文摘Substantial advancements have been made in China's energy sector during the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-25)period,with green energy now accounting for one third of the nation's electricity consumption.Green energy is generated from natural resources such as sunlight,wind or water without producing any pollution or carbon emissions.
文摘From lecture halls in Beijing to villages in the mountains of southwest China,a group of young rural innovators from Global South countries recently embarked on a journey that connected policy thinking,technological practice and lived rural experience.
文摘As we enter the year 2026,the international system continues to receive shocks from Donald Trump,arguably the 21st century’s most disruptive US leader.His return to the White House in 2025 coincided with the 80th anniversary of the defeat of fascism and the establishment of the United Nations,the multilateral platform that carried the world’s hope for peace,restraint and collective security.The coincidence was unsettling.A world order designed to limit power now confronts a moment in which power is exercised openly,transactionally and unapologetically.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170022)the 2023 Biodiversity Monitoring-special Investigation of Wild Fungi Issued by Chuxiong Management Bureau of Yunnan Ailao Mountains National Nature Reserve,the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project(2019HJ2096001006)the“Investigation of Macrofungi of Maguan County”Issued by Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China.
文摘The informal term‘dahongjun’or‘big red mushroom’is a group of red-coloured russulas widely collected and consumed in southern China,originally mistakenly recognized as the European Russula vinosa.Russula griseocarnosa was described from China in 2009,and since then,it has become the only available scientific name for‘dahongjun’.Nevertheless,several lineages exist within this complex,and whether these lineages represent real species is still an open question.Sampling in major producing areas of‘dahongjun’and phylogenetic species recognition using multi-locus data were conducted.Besides R.griseocarnosa nine additional species were identified under the commercial name‘dahongjun’,including R.dhakuriana,R.quercina,R.purpureozonata,R.yanheensis and a new species sister to R.griseocarnosa here described as R.occulta.The others were undescribed species close to R.laricina,R.lepida,and R.purpureozonata respectively.Six evolutionary lineages within R.griseocarnosa were defined by genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition based on five-locus DNA data.Conflicts among different genealogies suggested that R.griseocarnosa is best considered as a single phylogenetic species,comprising several infraspecific taxa.Lower coverage whole genome sequencing of R.griseocarnosa holotype discovered that its three individuals belong to three different clades.Lectotypification was made using one of the three individuals.A new variety R.griseocarnosa var.ailaoshanensis is described to name one of the terminal clades that is mainly distributed in Ailao Mountains.This variety differs morphologically from the type variety in its nearly white context,bigger spores and more inflated hyphae in the pileipellis.The morphological and molecular data provided in this study are helpful to identify wild edible mushrooms of Russula subgen.Russula.
文摘1922年中国地质学会成立,并创办了《The Bullletin of Geological Society of China》(即《中国地质学会志》,主要为英文,包括德文、法文等),标志着中国地质学家已经成长起来。至1936年,先辈们觉得“但中文刊物,至今尚付缺如,实为遗憾。夫一国学术之发表,岂能尽恃外国文字,此乃事理之至明者”(谢家荣,地质论评发刊辞),遂创办了第一个中文地质学定期刊物——《地质论评》。
文摘On January 15,the list of Top10 News Stories on ChinaASEAN Cooperation 2025 was officially unveiled at a ceremony in Nanning,capital of southwest China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The event was supervised by China International Communications Group(CICG),China Foreign Affairs University(CFAU),and the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional Committee and co-hosted by the CICG Center for AsiaPacific,CFAU Institute of Asian Studies,Guangxi University,and Guangxi International Communication Center.
文摘Red packet, or the red envelope containing money as a bribe or kickback, is a kind ofpresent. It not only reflects a relationship involving exchange of material things, but also hassocial and cultural implications. Seen as an element of Chinese social organizations, the redpacket has multiple functions social, economic and political. In the traditional Chinesesociety, the red packet had already been in existence in the medical industry. After thePeoples Republic of China was founded, the practice of giving and receiving red packet, toa large extent, disappeared because of the establishment of the planned economic system.However, since the countrys reform and opening up began, the red packet has appearedagain in the medical health industry. This reappearance is mainly because that the economicreform has been a gradual process with different emphases at different stages. Before theburden of expenditure on medical institutions and public health welfare has been lifted fromthe shoulders of public finance, market elements have already entered the management ofmedical institutions and made room for the popularization of red packets.
文摘A system has been set up in China which provides for independent directors of listedcompanies. Whether these independent directors could play an effective role has, however,always been a matter for dispute. The recent case of Leshan Power shows that under thelegal framework and share structure which currently exists in China, there is very narrowscope for independent directors to carry out their function. After discussing the main obstaclesto implementation of independent directorship of Chinas listed companies, the authorpoints out several measures that must be taken in order to enhance the effectiveness ofboards of directors. Finally this paper concludes that without the necessary conditions forindependent directors to actually have a functioning role to play, invitation of independentdirectors by listed companies will be a matter of form only.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42305013)Joint Research Project for Meteorological Capacity Improvement(Grant Nos.23NLTSQ002 and 24NLTSQ001)+2 种基金China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key Laboratory(Grant No.TKL202307)the China Meteorological Administration Youth Innovation Team Fund(Grant No.CMA2024QN05)a research project of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science(Grant No.2023Z019)。
文摘This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 132 tornadic events in northeastern China from 2004 to 2023,utilizing radar and ERA5 reanalysis data to investigate the climatology,environmental drivers,and synoptic linkages with Northeast China cold vortices(NCCVs)of tornadic storms under different convective modes.Results reveal that discrete storms account for 70%of events,with clustered cells(CC)being the most frequent mode,while significant tornadoes(EF2+)are primarily associated with isolated cells(IC)and broken lines(BL).The storm mode distribution in northeastern China resembles that of the central United States but with a higher proportion of CC and lower IC.In contrast,southern China exhibits a higher frequency of quasi-linear(QL)modes(>50%),similar to European patterns.Although no single parameter clearly differentiates between all tornado modes,distinct morphological characteristics emerge through specific parameter combinations:NL modes are characterized by high 0-1 km storm-relative helicity(SRH1)and humidity but low 0-6 km shear(SR6),whereas IC modes display contrasting features with low SRH1 and high CAPE.Notably,83%of tornadoes are associated with NCCVs,preferentially forming in southeastern/southwestern quadrants.Strong tornadoes favor southeastern quadrants,while NCCV intensity correlates with tornadic distance from vortex centers.Three characteristic synoptic configurations emerge:(T1)strong deep vortices with vertically aligned cold troughs,generating southeast-dominant tornado clusters characterized by a high proportion of BL and QL modes;(T2)weaker vortices featuring sub-synoptic troughs,with southern-distributed events dominated by a predominance of the CC mode;(T3)transverse-trough systems exhibiting CAPE-SRH decoupling and reduced tornadic activity.This study enhances our understanding of tornadoes in northeastern China,informing future research on formation mechanisms,prediction methods,and disaster prevention strategies.
