Fins are extensively utilized in heat exchangers and various industrial applications as they are lightweight and can benefit in various systems,including electronic cooling devices and automotive components,owing to t...Fins are extensively utilized in heat exchangers and various industrial applications as they are lightweight and can benefit in various systems,including electronic cooling devices and automotive components,owing to their adaptable design.Furthermore,spine fins are introduced to improve performance in applications such as automotive radiators.They can be shaped in different ways and constructed from a collection of materials.Inspired by this,the present model examines the effects of internal heat generation and radiation-convection on the thermal distribution in a wetted convex-shaped spine fin.Using dimensionless terms,the proposed fin model involving a governing nonlinear ordinary differential equation(ODE)is transformed into a dimensionless form.The study uses the operational matrix with the Charlier polynomial collocation method(OMCCM)to ensure precise and computationally efficient numerical solutions for the dimensionless equation.In order to aid in the analysis of thermal performance,the importance of major parameters on the temperature profile is graphically illustrated.The main outcome of the study reveals that as the radiation-conductive,wet,and convective-conductive parameters increase,the heat transfer rate progressively improves.Conversely,the ambient temperature and internal heat generation parameters show an inverse relationship.展开更多
Laboratory experiments are conducted to study the probability distribution of surface elevation for wind waves and the convergence is discussed of the Gram-Charlier series in describing the surface elevation distribut...Laboratory experiments are conducted to study the probability distribution of surface elevation for wind waves and the convergence is discussed of the Gram-Charlier series in describing the surface elevation distribution. Results show that the agreement between the Gram-Charlier series and the observed distribution becomes better and better as the truncated order of the series increases in a certain range, which is contrary to the phenomenon observed by Huang and Long (1980). It is also shown that the Gram-Charlier series is sensitive to the anomalies in the data set which will make the agreement worse if they are not preprocessed appropriately. Negative values of the probability distribution expressed by the Gram-Charlier series in some ranges of surface elevations are discussed, but the absolute values of the negative values as well as the ranges of their occurrence become smaller gradually as more and mote terms are included. Therefore the negative values will have no evident effect on the form of the whole surface elevation distribution when the series is truncated at higher orders. Furthermore, a simple recurrence formula is obtained to calculate the coefficients of the Gram-Charlier series in order to extend the Gram-Charlier series to high orders conveniently.展开更多
Here proposed are certain asymptotic expansion formulas for Ln(w-1)(λz) and Cn(ω)(λz) in whichO(λ) and n = 0(λ1/2 )(λ→∞) , z being x complex number. Also presented are certain estimates for the remainders(erro...Here proposed are certain asymptotic expansion formulas for Ln(w-1)(λz) and Cn(ω)(λz) in whichO(λ) and n = 0(λ1/2 )(λ→∞) , z being x complex number. Also presented are certain estimates for the remainders(error bounds) of the asymptotic expansions within the regions D1( - ∞<Rez≤1/2 (ω/λ) and D2(1/2 (ω/λ)≤Re.'C00)? respectively.展开更多
随机潮流能够比较全面地反映系统运行状态,对电网安全性风险评估起到重要作用。现有的随机潮流计算方法中,结合半不变量和Gram-Charlier展开级数的方法可快速且准确地计算节点电压和支路潮流的概率密度函数(probability distribution fu...随机潮流能够比较全面地反映系统运行状态,对电网安全性风险评估起到重要作用。现有的随机潮流计算方法中,结合半不变量和Gram-Charlier展开级数的方法可快速且准确地计算节点电压和支路潮流的概率密度函数(probability distribution function,PDF)以及累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function,CDF)。以受时域和地域不均匀分布影响的系统当前运行状态为基础构造预想事故集,将全概率理论与半不变量法随机潮流相结合,提出一种考虑电网静态安全风险的随机潮流算法。对IEEE RTS 96节点实验系统的计算表明,该算法可快速、准确地评估系统当前运行状态的静态安全风险,具有实际应用价值。展开更多
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/308/46。
文摘Fins are extensively utilized in heat exchangers and various industrial applications as they are lightweight and can benefit in various systems,including electronic cooling devices and automotive components,owing to their adaptable design.Furthermore,spine fins are introduced to improve performance in applications such as automotive radiators.They can be shaped in different ways and constructed from a collection of materials.Inspired by this,the present model examines the effects of internal heat generation and radiation-convection on the thermal distribution in a wetted convex-shaped spine fin.Using dimensionless terms,the proposed fin model involving a governing nonlinear ordinary differential equation(ODE)is transformed into a dimensionless form.The study uses the operational matrix with the Charlier polynomial collocation method(OMCCM)to ensure precise and computationally efficient numerical solutions for the dimensionless equation.In order to aid in the analysis of thermal performance,the importance of major parameters on the temperature profile is graphically illustrated.The main outcome of the study reveals that as the radiation-conductive,wet,and convective-conductive parameters increase,the heat transfer rate progressively improves.Conversely,the ambient temperature and internal heat generation parameters show an inverse relationship.
基金This project was financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.49876012,49976003)
文摘Laboratory experiments are conducted to study the probability distribution of surface elevation for wind waves and the convergence is discussed of the Gram-Charlier series in describing the surface elevation distribution. Results show that the agreement between the Gram-Charlier series and the observed distribution becomes better and better as the truncated order of the series increases in a certain range, which is contrary to the phenomenon observed by Huang and Long (1980). It is also shown that the Gram-Charlier series is sensitive to the anomalies in the data set which will make the agreement worse if they are not preprocessed appropriately. Negative values of the probability distribution expressed by the Gram-Charlier series in some ranges of surface elevations are discussed, but the absolute values of the negative values as well as the ranges of their occurrence become smaller gradually as more and mote terms are included. Therefore the negative values will have no evident effect on the form of the whole surface elevation distribution when the series is truncated at higher orders. Furthermore, a simple recurrence formula is obtained to calculate the coefficients of the Gram-Charlier series in order to extend the Gram-Charlier series to high orders conveniently.
基金Supported NSFRC(canada)and also by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Here proposed are certain asymptotic expansion formulas for Ln(w-1)(λz) and Cn(ω)(λz) in whichO(λ) and n = 0(λ1/2 )(λ→∞) , z being x complex number. Also presented are certain estimates for the remainders(error bounds) of the asymptotic expansions within the regions D1( - ∞<Rez≤1/2 (ω/λ) and D2(1/2 (ω/λ)≤Re.'C00)? respectively.
文摘随机潮流能够比较全面地反映系统运行状态,对电网安全性风险评估起到重要作用。现有的随机潮流计算方法中,结合半不变量和Gram-Charlier展开级数的方法可快速且准确地计算节点电压和支路潮流的概率密度函数(probability distribution function,PDF)以及累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function,CDF)。以受时域和地域不均匀分布影响的系统当前运行状态为基础构造预想事故集,将全概率理论与半不变量法随机潮流相结合,提出一种考虑电网静态安全风险的随机潮流算法。对IEEE RTS 96节点实验系统的计算表明,该算法可快速、准确地评估系统当前运行状态的静态安全风险,具有实际应用价值。
