随着城市化和工业化的迅速发展,加之特殊的地形和天气气候条件,新疆地区面临严峻的大气污染问题。再分析数据时空连续性好、分辨率高,可有效弥补新疆地区地面观测站点稀疏不足的问题。文中聚焦新疆地区细颗粒物污染物(PM_(2.5)),采用中...随着城市化和工业化的迅速发展,加之特殊的地形和天气气候条件,新疆地区面临严峻的大气污染问题。再分析数据时空连续性好、分辨率高,可有效弥补新疆地区地面观测站点稀疏不足的问题。文中聚焦新疆地区细颗粒物污染物(PM_(2.5)),采用中国高分辨率高质量近地表空气污染物数据集(China High Air Pollutants,CHAP)和新疆35个国控站点观测数据,首先综合评估了CHAP PM_(2.5)质量浓度在新疆的适用性,进而深入分析了该地区2000-2022年PM_(2.5)质量浓度的时空分布和变化特征。结果表明,CHAP PM_(2.5)在新疆的适用性整体较高,在27个站点CHAP与站点实测值的相关系数均超过0.9,且北疆站点高于南疆;从平均绝对百分误差、均方根误差、标准偏差比等统计量来看,CHAP PM_(2.5)在相对洁净地区数值偏高约6.9%,在污染高值区偏低约4.8%。分析表明,2000-2022年新疆地区年均PM_(2.5)质量浓度整体呈下降趋势,由50μg/m^(3)降至37μg/m^(3),下降幅度约为26%,尤其在2016年后下降速度加快。从空间分布来看,PM_(2.5)质量浓度高值区分布在北疆的乌鲁木齐-昌吉-石河子城市群和南疆的塔里木盆地。南、北疆地区PM_(2.5)质量浓度的季节变化差异明显,南疆地区在春季浓度较高,最大均值(94μg/m^(3))出现在4月份;北疆地区在冬季浓度较高,最大均值(62μg/m^(3))出现在1月份。文中研究可为新疆大气污染重点区域的机理研究和防治措施的制定实施提供科学参考。展开更多
High-resolution ultrasound (HRU) imaging is a useful tool to study hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection in the face. It is noninvasive, quick, well-tolerated, and can provide in vivo and dynamic information. The form...High-resolution ultrasound (HRU) imaging is a useful tool to study hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection in the face. It is noninvasive, quick, well-tolerated, and can provide in vivo and dynamic information. The formations of pools or pearls in HA fillers could be observed real time during injection. The plane of injection could be determined accurately, and there were no specimen manipulation artifacts. It was observed that HA gel fillers with differing production technologies showed distinct spread and distribution patterns in the periocular tissues on HRU examination. The authors used HRU to assess deep injections of CHAP-Hyaluronic Acid (CHAP-HA) fillers for midface lift. 10 patients who underwent bilateral midface deep injections using CHAP-HA filler were examined with HRU before and immediately after treatment, and in 2 weeks and one month later. The CHAP-HA appeared as hypoechoic densities within the preperiosteal plane in HRU. CHAP-HA adopted variable morphology within the tissue depending on individual tissue densities and the compliance of the tissues in the plane of injection. CHAP-HA was unidentifiable with surrounding tissue after one month in 13 of the 20 injection sites. HRU allows in vivo study of CHAP-HA injection behavior and could be a tool for further studies of HA-tissue reactions.展开更多
A systematic research was performed about diffusion kinetics of adsorbing F^- dissolved in water for carbonate hydroxyapatite （CHAP） from the natural hydroxyapatite which was modified by adulterating with CO3^2-. Th...A systematic research was performed about diffusion kinetics of adsorbing F^- dissolved in water for carbonate hydroxyapatite （CHAP） from the natural hydroxyapatite which was modified by adulterating with CO3^2-. The result shows that the speed of F^- adsorption is controlled by membrane diffusion when F^- concentration is relatively low, which is expressed by the kinetic equation of diffusion Q=0.0005（Ci-C）（t-ti）＋0.3967, or by vacancy diffusion when F^- concentration is relatively high, which is expressed by the kinetic equation of diffusion In[C（o, t）]=8.4718-0.5048Int. Based on the feature of CHAP for adsorbing F^- dissolved in water and its special channel of the structure of CO3^3- modified hydroxyapatite, models of vacancy diffusion and membrane diffusion were established.展开更多
Minimally invasive forehead augmentation is becoming increasingly popular in Asia. However, treatment of the glabella is associated with injection-related complications. The safety of injections can be increased throu...Minimally invasive forehead augmentation is becoming increasingly popular in Asia. However, treatment of the glabella is associated with injection-related complications. The safety of injections can be increased through a thorough understanding of the anatomy and precise injection planes. The authors propose a 3-point injection technique for forehead augmentation in Asian patients that uses CHAP-hyaluronic acid (CHAP-HA) filler. The longevity of the filler was assessed using high-resolution ultrasound (HRU) imaging. Fifteen patients were examined using HRU before and immediately after treatment and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. As evident in HRU imaging, CHAP-HA remained visible within surrounding tissue for 6.4 ± 3.7 months. The mean Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale rating was 2.4 ± 0.5 immediately after treatment, 2.8 ± 0.3 at 1 month, 2.7 ± 0.5 at 3 months, 2.1 ± 0.6 at 6 months, and 1.5 ± 0.6 at 12 months. Minimal side effects were reported. The authors demonstrated that CHAP-HA filler may be an optimal candidate for forehead filler augmentation using a 3-point injection technique.展开更多
文摘随着城市化和工业化的迅速发展,加之特殊的地形和天气气候条件,新疆地区面临严峻的大气污染问题。再分析数据时空连续性好、分辨率高,可有效弥补新疆地区地面观测站点稀疏不足的问题。文中聚焦新疆地区细颗粒物污染物(PM_(2.5)),采用中国高分辨率高质量近地表空气污染物数据集(China High Air Pollutants,CHAP)和新疆35个国控站点观测数据,首先综合评估了CHAP PM_(2.5)质量浓度在新疆的适用性,进而深入分析了该地区2000-2022年PM_(2.5)质量浓度的时空分布和变化特征。结果表明,CHAP PM_(2.5)在新疆的适用性整体较高,在27个站点CHAP与站点实测值的相关系数均超过0.9,且北疆站点高于南疆;从平均绝对百分误差、均方根误差、标准偏差比等统计量来看,CHAP PM_(2.5)在相对洁净地区数值偏高约6.9%,在污染高值区偏低约4.8%。分析表明,2000-2022年新疆地区年均PM_(2.5)质量浓度整体呈下降趋势,由50μg/m^(3)降至37μg/m^(3),下降幅度约为26%,尤其在2016年后下降速度加快。从空间分布来看,PM_(2.5)质量浓度高值区分布在北疆的乌鲁木齐-昌吉-石河子城市群和南疆的塔里木盆地。南、北疆地区PM_(2.5)质量浓度的季节变化差异明显,南疆地区在春季浓度较高,最大均值(94μg/m^(3))出现在4月份;北疆地区在冬季浓度较高,最大均值(62μg/m^(3))出现在1月份。文中研究可为新疆大气污染重点区域的机理研究和防治措施的制定实施提供科学参考。
文摘High-resolution ultrasound (HRU) imaging is a useful tool to study hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection in the face. It is noninvasive, quick, well-tolerated, and can provide in vivo and dynamic information. The formations of pools or pearls in HA fillers could be observed real time during injection. The plane of injection could be determined accurately, and there were no specimen manipulation artifacts. It was observed that HA gel fillers with differing production technologies showed distinct spread and distribution patterns in the periocular tissues on HRU examination. The authors used HRU to assess deep injections of CHAP-Hyaluronic Acid (CHAP-HA) fillers for midface lift. 10 patients who underwent bilateral midface deep injections using CHAP-HA filler were examined with HRU before and immediately after treatment, and in 2 weeks and one month later. The CHAP-HA appeared as hypoechoic densities within the preperiosteal plane in HRU. CHAP-HA adopted variable morphology within the tissue depending on individual tissue densities and the compliance of the tissues in the plane of injection. CHAP-HA was unidentifiable with surrounding tissue after one month in 13 of the 20 injection sites. HRU allows in vivo study of CHAP-HA injection behavior and could be a tool for further studies of HA-tissue reactions.
基金the key scientific foundation(No.2001Z20004)the Hubei Provincial Department of Education and the natural science foundation(2005ABA024)
文摘A systematic research was performed about diffusion kinetics of adsorbing F^- dissolved in water for carbonate hydroxyapatite （CHAP） from the natural hydroxyapatite which was modified by adulterating with CO3^2-. The result shows that the speed of F^- adsorption is controlled by membrane diffusion when F^- concentration is relatively low, which is expressed by the kinetic equation of diffusion Q=0.0005（Ci-C）（t-ti）＋0.3967, or by vacancy diffusion when F^- concentration is relatively high, which is expressed by the kinetic equation of diffusion In[C（o, t）]=8.4718-0.5048Int. Based on the feature of CHAP for adsorbing F^- dissolved in water and its special channel of the structure of CO3^3- modified hydroxyapatite, models of vacancy diffusion and membrane diffusion were established.
文摘Minimally invasive forehead augmentation is becoming increasingly popular in Asia. However, treatment of the glabella is associated with injection-related complications. The safety of injections can be increased through a thorough understanding of the anatomy and precise injection planes. The authors propose a 3-point injection technique for forehead augmentation in Asian patients that uses CHAP-hyaluronic acid (CHAP-HA) filler. The longevity of the filler was assessed using high-resolution ultrasound (HRU) imaging. Fifteen patients were examined using HRU before and immediately after treatment and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. As evident in HRU imaging, CHAP-HA remained visible within surrounding tissue for 6.4 ± 3.7 months. The mean Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale rating was 2.4 ± 0.5 immediately after treatment, 2.8 ± 0.3 at 1 month, 2.7 ± 0.5 at 3 months, 2.1 ± 0.6 at 6 months, and 1.5 ± 0.6 at 12 months. Minimal side effects were reported. The authors demonstrated that CHAP-HA filler may be an optimal candidate for forehead filler augmentation using a 3-point injection technique.
