目的研究全麻口腔治療對兒童牙科恐懼症心理的影響。方法收集3~6歲確診為重度低齡兒童齲(S E C C)且患有牙科畏懼症並擬在全麻下完成口腔治療患兒118名,其中男性患兒42名,女性患兒76名。收集患者基本信息,在全麻術前一週和術後一週應用...目的研究全麻口腔治療對兒童牙科恐懼症心理的影響。方法收集3~6歲確診為重度低齡兒童齲(S E C C)且患有牙科畏懼症並擬在全麻下完成口腔治療患兒118名,其中男性患兒42名,女性患兒76名。收集患者基本信息,在全麻術前一週和術後一週應用中文版CFSS-DS問卷表對其進行調查,並用SPSS20.0對得分進行統計分析。結果牙科畏懼症患兒平均年齡為4.12±0.43歲,術前C F S S-D S得分為50.42±10.38分,術後得分為41.54±12.35分,術前術後得分差異具有統計學意義(t=6.38,P<0.001);男性和女性患兒、3~4歲組和5~6歲組各術前術後得分具有統計學意義;術前及術後的得分結果中,男性患兒與女性患兒得分無統計學差異(P>0.05),3~4歲組與5~6歲組患兒得分無統計學差異(P<0.05)。結論全麻下口腔治療能顯著減輕患兒的牙科恐懼心理。對伴有牙科畏懼症的SE CC患兒,全麻下口腔治療技術的應用值得推廣。展开更多
Consolidated Financial Statements （CFSs） in the public sector represent useful financial tools to improve transparency and accountability toward internal and external users. This aggregate view is only a part of the...Consolidated Financial Statements （CFSs） in the public sector represent useful financial tools to improve transparency and accountability toward internal and external users. This aggregate view is only a part of the information needed in order to give politicians, managers, employees, financial institutions, rating agencies, and citizens a whole view of a local government＇s financial performance. It emerges the need to have segment information, covering specific policy areas for which it is appropriate to separately report financial and non-financial information. This paper, after having discussed the need for accountability and decision-making in a theoretical framework, gives account of a pilot project realized by the municipality of Reggio Emilia, which introduced CFSs and segment reporting. The empirical study is based on an action research as a methodological approach to solving practical problems. Finally, the paper also offers some practical suggestions to contribute to the applicability of the segment reporting in the public sector.展开更多
文摘目的研究全麻口腔治療對兒童牙科恐懼症心理的影響。方法收集3~6歲確診為重度低齡兒童齲(S E C C)且患有牙科畏懼症並擬在全麻下完成口腔治療患兒118名,其中男性患兒42名,女性患兒76名。收集患者基本信息,在全麻術前一週和術後一週應用中文版CFSS-DS問卷表對其進行調查,並用SPSS20.0對得分進行統計分析。結果牙科畏懼症患兒平均年齡為4.12±0.43歲,術前C F S S-D S得分為50.42±10.38分,術後得分為41.54±12.35分,術前術後得分差異具有統計學意義(t=6.38,P<0.001);男性和女性患兒、3~4歲組和5~6歲組各術前術後得分具有統計學意義;術前及術後的得分結果中,男性患兒與女性患兒得分無統計學差異(P>0.05),3~4歲組與5~6歲組患兒得分無統計學差異(P<0.05)。結論全麻下口腔治療能顯著減輕患兒的牙科恐懼心理。對伴有牙科畏懼症的SE CC患兒,全麻下口腔治療技術的應用值得推廣。
文摘Consolidated Financial Statements （CFSs） in the public sector represent useful financial tools to improve transparency and accountability toward internal and external users. This aggregate view is only a part of the information needed in order to give politicians, managers, employees, financial institutions, rating agencies, and citizens a whole view of a local government＇s financial performance. It emerges the need to have segment information, covering specific policy areas for which it is appropriate to separately report financial and non-financial information. This paper, after having discussed the need for accountability and decision-making in a theoretical framework, gives account of a pilot project realized by the municipality of Reggio Emilia, which introduced CFSs and segment reporting. The empirical study is based on an action research as a methodological approach to solving practical problems. Finally, the paper also offers some practical suggestions to contribute to the applicability of the segment reporting in the public sector.
