Ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)structural components encounter the dual challenges of severe mechanical conditions and complex electromagnetic environments due to the increasing demand for stealth technology in aerosp...Ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)structural components encounter the dual challenges of severe mechanical conditions and complex electromagnetic environments due to the increasing demand for stealth technology in aerospace field.To address various functional requirements,this study integrates a biomimetic strategy inspired by gradient bamboo vascular bundles with a novel dual-material 3D printing approach.Three distinct bamboo-inspired structural configurations Cf/SiC composites are designed and manufactured,and the effects of these different structural configurations on the CVI process are analyzed.Nanoindentation method is utilized to characterize the relationship between interface bonding strength and mechanical properties.The results reveal that the maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness reach 108.6±5.2 MPa and 16.45±1.52 MPa m1/2,respectively,attributed to the enhanced crack propagation resistance and path caused by the weak fiber-matrix interface.Furthermore,the bio-inspired configuration enhances the dielectric loss and conductivity loss,exhibiting a minimum reflection loss of−24.3 dB with the effective absorption band of 3.89 GHz.This work introduces an innovative biomimetic strategy and 3D printing method for continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites,expanding the application of 3D printing technology in the field of CMCs.展开更多
In this study, two-dimensional MXene (Ti3 C2 Tx ) was employed to modify the interface of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) composites, in order to simultaneously improve the electromagnetic inte...In this study, two-dimensional MXene (Ti3 C2 Tx ) was employed to modify the interface of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) composites, in order to simultaneously improve the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances and mechanical properties. The obtained CF/PEKK composites possessed outstanding EMI and mechanical performances, as anticipated. Specifically, the CF/PEKK composites modified with MXene at 1 mg mL–1 exhibited an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 65.2 dB in the X-band, a 103.1% enhancement compared with the unmodified CF/PEKK composites. The attractive EMI shielding performances of CF/PEKK composites originated from enhanced ohmic losses and multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves with the help of the MXene and CF layers. In addition, CF/PEKK composites achieved the best mechanical properties by optimizing the dispersion concentration of MXene to 0.1 mg mL–1 . The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strength of CF/PEKK composites reached 1127 MPa, 81 GPa, and 89 MPa, which were 28.5%, 9.5%, and 29.7% higher than that of the unmodified CF/PEKK composites, respectively. Such improvement in mechanical properties could be ascribed to the comprehensive effect of mechanical interlocking, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals forces between the introduced MXene and CF, PEKK, respectively.展开更多
The polymer-ceramic composites of epoxy resin (EP) and barium titanate (BT) were prepared. BT powders of different BT particle sizes from 100 nm to 1 μm were used in the preparation. The dielectric properties, such a...The polymer-ceramic composites of epoxy resin (EP) and barium titanate (BT) were prepared. BT powders of different BT particle sizes from 100 nm to 1 μm were used in the preparation. The dielectric properties, such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss and electrical breakdown strength, of the EP/BT composites were studied. The morphology of the composites was characterized by the means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the dielectric constant of the composites is much higher than the epoxy matrix at frequency range from 1 kHz to 10 MHz, and it is also obviously dependent on the size of BT particles. The electrical breakdown strength of the composites decreases with the increase of the BT content. The dependence of electrical breakdown strength on BT particle sizes was also discussed.展开更多
To investigate the ballistic performance and damage characteristics of quasi threedimensional（3D） needle-punched Cf/SiC composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration（CVI）,penetration experiments were conducte...To investigate the ballistic performance and damage characteristics of quasi threedimensional（3D） needle-punched Cf/SiC composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration（CVI）,penetration experiments were conducted by using 7.62 mm armor piercing incendiary（API）.Macro and micro fracture morphologies were then observed on recycled targets.The results show that the protection coefficient of 3D Cf/SiC composites is 2.54.High porosity and many micro thermal stress cracks may directly lead to the lower ballistic performance.Flat fracture morphology was observed on the crater surface.The low dynamic fracture strength along layer direction may be attributed to the voids and microcracks caused by residual thermal stress.The damage characteristics of Cf/Si C composites include matrix cracking,fiber bundle cracking,interfacial debonding,fiber fracture,and fiber bundle pull-out.And interfacial debonding and fiber fracture may play major roles in energy absorption.展开更多
Flame retardant epoxy resins were prepared by a simple mixed method using ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxy hydrate （AACHH） as a halogen-free flame retardant. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffr...Flame retardant epoxy resins were prepared by a simple mixed method using ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxy hydrate （AACHH） as a halogen-free flame retardant. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope and limiting oxygen index（LOI） experiments. Effects of AACHH content on LOI of epoxy resins/AACHH composite and flame retardant mechanism were investigated and discussed. Results show that AACHH exhibites excellent flame-retardant properties in epoxy resin（EP）. When the content of AACHH was 47.4%, the LOI of EP reached 32.2%. Moreover, the initial and terminal decomposition temperature of EP increased by 48 ℃ and 40 ℃, respectively. The flame retarded mechanism of AACHH is due to the synergic flame retardant effects of diluting, cooling, decomposition resisting and obstructing.展开更多
To integrate insulation and load-bearing functions in prefabricated composite wall structures,a novel design based on fiber-reinforced expanded polystyrene(EPS)con-crete is proposed.The research focuses on three key a...To integrate insulation and load-bearing functions in prefabricated composite wall structures,a novel design based on fiber-reinforced expanded polystyrene(EPS)con-crete is proposed.The research focuses on three key as-pects:material properties,seismic performance,and ther-mal performance.Firstly,the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of fiber-reinforced EPS concrete were analyzed at different sand ratios,leading to the development of an optimal mix design and a damage constitutive model.Secondly,a combination of experimental and numerical analysis methods was used to investigate the seismic perfor-mance of prefabricated composite walls with different infill materials,including autoclaved aerated fly ash and fiber-reinforced EPS concrete.Finally,thermal perfor-mance studies were conducted on prefabricated composite wall panels with different infill materials.The results indi-cate that the specimens underwent elastic,elastoplastic,and failure stages during loading.While specimens using EPS concrete exhibited a slightly lower overall bearing capacity,they demonstrated superior ductility,energy dissipation ca-pacity,and enhanced insulation and thermal stability.展开更多
Epoxy resin-reinforced graphite composites have found extensive application as bipolar plates in fuel cells for stationary power supplies,valued for their lightweight nature and exceptional durability.To enhance the i...Epoxy resin-reinforced graphite composites have found extensive application as bipolar plates in fuel cells for stationary power supplies,valued for their lightweight nature and exceptional durability.To enhance the interfacial properties between graphite and epoxy resin(EP),surface oxidation of graphite was carried out using diverse functional groups.Experimental assessments illustrated that the composites with graphite oxide resulted in heightened mechanical strength and toughness compared to pristine graphite,which could be attributed to the excellent interface connection.Moreover,these composites displayed remarkable conductivity while simultaneously retaining their mechanical attributes.Furthermore,molecular dynamics simulations outcomes unveiled that the inclusion of oxygen-containing functional groups on the graphite surface augmented the interfacial energy with EP,and the interface morphology between graphite and resin exhibited heightened stability throughout the stretching process.This simple and effective technique presents opportunities for improving composites interfaces,enabling high load transfer efficiency,and opens up a potential path for developing strong and tough composite bipolar plates for fuel cells.展开更多
In order to improve the wettability and bonding performance of the interface between carbon fiber and aluminum matrix,nickel-and copper-coated carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by the ...In order to improve the wettability and bonding performance of the interface between carbon fiber and aluminum matrix,nickel-and copper-coated carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by the squeeze melt infiltration technique.The interface wettability,microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were compared and investigated.Compared with the uncoated fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite,the microstructure analysis indicated that the coatings significantly improved the wettability and effectively inhibited the interface reaction between carbon fiber and aluminum matrix during the process.Under the same processing condition,aluminum melt was easy to infiltrate into the copper-coated fiber bundles.Furthermore,the inhibited interface reaction was more conducive to maintain the original strength of fiber and improve the fiber−matrix interface bonding performance.The mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tensile test.The yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of the copper-coated carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite were about 124 MPa,140 MPa and 82 GPa,respectively.In the case of nickel-coated carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite,the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus were about 60 MPa,70 MPa and 79 GPa,respectively.The excellent mechanical properties for copper-coated fiber-reinforced composites are attributed to better compactness of the matrix and better fiber−matrix interface bonding,which favor the load transfer ability from aluminam matrix to carbon fiber under the loading state,giving full play to the bearing role of carbon fiber.展开更多
Cf/Cu composite was prepared by vacuum melting infiltration. Ti and Cr were doped to the Cu alloy to improve the wettability between Cu and carbon. The microstrueture was investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The arc eros...Cf/Cu composite was prepared by vacuum melting infiltration. Ti and Cr were doped to the Cu alloy to improve the wettability between Cu and carbon. The microstrueture was investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The arc erosion rate of Cf/Cu composite was investigated in vacuum. The results showed that the Ti and Cr could improve the wettability between Cu and C/C preform and the infiltration ability of Cu into C/ C preform greatly. A TiC interface formed between the fibers and matrix. The good bonding between the fiber and matrix guaranteed that part of the Cu matrix can still be bonded on the fibers even when the material was exposed to the plasma. Consequently, the carbon fibers were protected from the erosion. In comparison, Cu was completely consumed by the arc erosion. Hence, the graphite was eroded and presented a cauliflower-like morphology. Therefore, the prepared C/Cu bad better ability to resist the arc erosion, compared with common Cu-C material.展开更多
Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix(Cf/SiC)composites have the most potential application for high-temperature components of aerospace high-end equipment.However,high cutting temperature,rapid tool wear and...Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix(Cf/SiC)composites have the most potential application for high-temperature components of aerospace high-end equipment.However,high cutting temperature,rapid tool wear and severe surface damages are the main problems in dry cutting Cf/SiC composites process.The feasibility study on cryogenic milling of Cf/SiC composites using liquid nitrogen as coolant is investigated.Influences of milling parameters and coolant on temperature,cutting force,surface quality and tool wear are investigated,which is compared with dry cutting.Experimental results reveal that the cutting temperature in cryogenic milling of Cf/SiC composites is reduced by about 40%—60%compared with dry cutting.The milling force increases gradually with the increase of spindle speed,feed rate,depth and width of milling in cryogenic milling process.In addition,the machined surface quality in cryogenic milling is superior to that in dry cutting process.Fiber fracture,matrix damage and fiber matrix debonding are main material removal mechanisms.Flank face wear is the main wear form of the polycrystalline diamond(PCD)end mills.The tool life is prolonged in the cryogenic milling process because the reduced temperature inhibits the softening of Co binder and phase transition of diamond in the PCD end mills.展开更多
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFB1901001).
文摘Ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)structural components encounter the dual challenges of severe mechanical conditions and complex electromagnetic environments due to the increasing demand for stealth technology in aerospace field.To address various functional requirements,this study integrates a biomimetic strategy inspired by gradient bamboo vascular bundles with a novel dual-material 3D printing approach.Three distinct bamboo-inspired structural configurations Cf/SiC composites are designed and manufactured,and the effects of these different structural configurations on the CVI process are analyzed.Nanoindentation method is utilized to characterize the relationship between interface bonding strength and mechanical properties.The results reveal that the maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness reach 108.6±5.2 MPa and 16.45±1.52 MPa m1/2,respectively,attributed to the enhanced crack propagation resistance and path caused by the weak fiber-matrix interface.Furthermore,the bio-inspired configuration enhances the dielectric loss and conductivity loss,exhibiting a minimum reflection loss of−24.3 dB with the effective absorption band of 3.89 GHz.This work introduces an innovative biomimetic strategy and 3D printing method for continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites,expanding the application of 3D printing technology in the field of CMCs.
基金supported by the Shanghai Science and Tech-nology Committee(No.22511102400)Prof.Zhang would like to appreciate the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232020G-12)+1 种基金the Fund of National Engineering Research Center for Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing(No.COMAC-SFGS-2022-2376)the Textile Vi-sion Basic Research Program(No.J202105).
文摘In this study, two-dimensional MXene (Ti3 C2 Tx ) was employed to modify the interface of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) composites, in order to simultaneously improve the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances and mechanical properties. The obtained CF/PEKK composites possessed outstanding EMI and mechanical performances, as anticipated. Specifically, the CF/PEKK composites modified with MXene at 1 mg mL–1 exhibited an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 65.2 dB in the X-band, a 103.1% enhancement compared with the unmodified CF/PEKK composites. The attractive EMI shielding performances of CF/PEKK composites originated from enhanced ohmic losses and multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves with the help of the MXene and CF layers. In addition, CF/PEKK composites achieved the best mechanical properties by optimizing the dispersion concentration of MXene to 0.1 mg mL–1 . The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strength of CF/PEKK composites reached 1127 MPa, 81 GPa, and 89 MPa, which were 28.5%, 9.5%, and 29.7% higher than that of the unmodified CF/PEKK composites, respectively. Such improvement in mechanical properties could be ascribed to the comprehensive effect of mechanical interlocking, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals forces between the introduced MXene and CF, PEKK, respectively.
文摘The polymer-ceramic composites of epoxy resin (EP) and barium titanate (BT) were prepared. BT powders of different BT particle sizes from 100 nm to 1 μm were used in the preparation. The dielectric properties, such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss and electrical breakdown strength, of the EP/BT composites were studied. The morphology of the composites was characterized by the means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the dielectric constant of the composites is much higher than the epoxy matrix at frequency range from 1 kHz to 10 MHz, and it is also obviously dependent on the size of BT particles. The electrical breakdown strength of the composites decreases with the increase of the BT content. The dependence of electrical breakdown strength on BT particle sizes was also discussed.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51271036)
文摘To investigate the ballistic performance and damage characteristics of quasi threedimensional（3D） needle-punched Cf/SiC composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration（CVI）,penetration experiments were conducted by using 7.62 mm armor piercing incendiary（API）.Macro and micro fracture morphologies were then observed on recycled targets.The results show that the protection coefficient of 3D Cf/SiC composites is 2.54.High porosity and many micro thermal stress cracks may directly lead to the lower ballistic performance.Flat fracture morphology was observed on the crater surface.The low dynamic fracture strength along layer direction may be attributed to the voids and microcracks caused by residual thermal stress.The damage characteristics of Cf/Si C composites include matrix cracking,fiber bundle cracking,interfacial debonding,fiber fracture,and fiber bundle pull-out.And interfacial debonding and fiber fracture may play major roles in energy absorption.
基金Funded by the Defense Preresearch Project of the Eleventh-Five-Year-Plan of China(No.51312040404)
文摘Flame retardant epoxy resins were prepared by a simple mixed method using ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxy hydrate （AACHH） as a halogen-free flame retardant. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope and limiting oxygen index（LOI） experiments. Effects of AACHH content on LOI of epoxy resins/AACHH composite and flame retardant mechanism were investigated and discussed. Results show that AACHH exhibites excellent flame-retardant properties in epoxy resin（EP）. When the content of AACHH was 47.4%, the LOI of EP reached 32.2%. Moreover, the initial and terminal decomposition temperature of EP increased by 48 ℃ and 40 ℃, respectively. The flame retarded mechanism of AACHH is due to the synergic flame retardant effects of diluting, cooling, decomposition resisting and obstructing.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52168022)。
文摘To integrate insulation and load-bearing functions in prefabricated composite wall structures,a novel design based on fiber-reinforced expanded polystyrene(EPS)con-crete is proposed.The research focuses on three key as-pects:material properties,seismic performance,and ther-mal performance.Firstly,the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of fiber-reinforced EPS concrete were analyzed at different sand ratios,leading to the development of an optimal mix design and a damage constitutive model.Secondly,a combination of experimental and numerical analysis methods was used to investigate the seismic perfor-mance of prefabricated composite walls with different infill materials,including autoclaved aerated fly ash and fiber-reinforced EPS concrete.Finally,thermal perfor-mance studies were conducted on prefabricated composite wall panels with different infill materials.The results indi-cate that the specimens underwent elastic,elastoplastic,and failure stages during loading.While specimens using EPS concrete exhibited a slightly lower overall bearing capacity,they demonstrated superior ductility,energy dissipation ca-pacity,and enhanced insulation and thermal stability.
基金the financial supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFB1505901)。
文摘Epoxy resin-reinforced graphite composites have found extensive application as bipolar plates in fuel cells for stationary power supplies,valued for their lightweight nature and exceptional durability.To enhance the interfacial properties between graphite and epoxy resin(EP),surface oxidation of graphite was carried out using diverse functional groups.Experimental assessments illustrated that the composites with graphite oxide resulted in heightened mechanical strength and toughness compared to pristine graphite,which could be attributed to the excellent interface connection.Moreover,these composites displayed remarkable conductivity while simultaneously retaining their mechanical attributes.Furthermore,molecular dynamics simulations outcomes unveiled that the inclusion of oxygen-containing functional groups on the graphite surface augmented the interfacial energy with EP,and the interface morphology between graphite and resin exhibited heightened stability throughout the stretching process.This simple and effective technique presents opportunities for improving composites interfaces,enabling high load transfer efficiency,and opens up a potential path for developing strong and tough composite bipolar plates for fuel cells.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial supports from Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the China Academy of Engineering Physics(U1630129).
文摘In order to improve the wettability and bonding performance of the interface between carbon fiber and aluminum matrix,nickel-and copper-coated carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by the squeeze melt infiltration technique.The interface wettability,microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were compared and investigated.Compared with the uncoated fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite,the microstructure analysis indicated that the coatings significantly improved the wettability and effectively inhibited the interface reaction between carbon fiber and aluminum matrix during the process.Under the same processing condition,aluminum melt was easy to infiltrate into the copper-coated fiber bundles.Furthermore,the inhibited interface reaction was more conducive to maintain the original strength of fiber and improve the fiber−matrix interface bonding performance.The mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tensile test.The yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of the copper-coated carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite were about 124 MPa,140 MPa and 82 GPa,respectively.In the case of nickel-coated carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite,the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus were about 60 MPa,70 MPa and 79 GPa,respectively.The excellent mechanical properties for copper-coated fiber-reinforced composites are attributed to better compactness of the matrix and better fiber−matrix interface bonding,which favor the load transfer ability from aluminam matrix to carbon fiber under the loading state,giving full play to the bearing role of carbon fiber.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51002121)Postgraduate Technology Innovation Project of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(No.20134008)
文摘Cf/Cu composite was prepared by vacuum melting infiltration. Ti and Cr were doped to the Cu alloy to improve the wettability between Cu and carbon. The microstrueture was investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The arc erosion rate of Cf/Cu composite was investigated in vacuum. The results showed that the Ti and Cr could improve the wettability between Cu and C/C preform and the infiltration ability of Cu into C/ C preform greatly. A TiC interface formed between the fibers and matrix. The good bonding between the fiber and matrix guaranteed that part of the Cu matrix can still be bonded on the fibers even when the material was exposed to the plasma. Consequently, the carbon fibers were protected from the erosion. In comparison, Cu was completely consumed by the arc erosion. Hence, the graphite was eroded and presented a cauliflower-like morphology. Therefore, the prepared C/Cu bad better ability to resist the arc erosion, compared with common Cu-C material.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51705249,51875285)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M661823)+1 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2017ZE52047)the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(No.JCKY2018605C018)。
文摘Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix(Cf/SiC)composites have the most potential application for high-temperature components of aerospace high-end equipment.However,high cutting temperature,rapid tool wear and severe surface damages are the main problems in dry cutting Cf/SiC composites process.The feasibility study on cryogenic milling of Cf/SiC composites using liquid nitrogen as coolant is investigated.Influences of milling parameters and coolant on temperature,cutting force,surface quality and tool wear are investigated,which is compared with dry cutting.Experimental results reveal that the cutting temperature in cryogenic milling of Cf/SiC composites is reduced by about 40%—60%compared with dry cutting.The milling force increases gradually with the increase of spindle speed,feed rate,depth and width of milling in cryogenic milling process.In addition,the machined surface quality in cryogenic milling is superior to that in dry cutting process.Fiber fracture,matrix damage and fiber matrix debonding are main material removal mechanisms.Flank face wear is the main wear form of the polycrystalline diamond(PCD)end mills.The tool life is prolonged in the cryogenic milling process because the reduced temperature inhibits the softening of Co binder and phase transition of diamond in the PCD end mills.
