Pancreatic ribonuclease(RNase1),a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas,is associated with the functional adaptation of dietary habits and is regarded as an attractive model system for studies of molecular evoluti...Pancreatic ribonuclease(RNase1),a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas,is associated with the functional adaptation of dietary habits and is regarded as an attractive model system for studies of molecular evolution.In this study,we identified 218 functional genes and 48 pseudogenes from 114 species that span all four Cetartiodactyla lineages:two herbivorous lineages(Ruminantia and Tylopoda)and two non-herbivorous lineages(Cetancodonta and Suoidea).Multiple RNase1 genes were detected in all species of the two herbivorous lineages,and phylogenetic and genomic location analyses demonstrated that independent gene duplication events occurred in Ruminantia and Tylopoda.In Ruminantia,the gene duplication events occurred in the ancestral branches of the lineage in theMiddle Eocene,a time of increasing climatic seasonality during which Ruminantia rapidly radiated.In contrast,only a single RNase1 gene was observed in the species of the two non-herbivorous lineages(Cetancodonta and Suoidea),suggesting that the previous Cetacea-specific loss hypothesis should be rejected.Moreover,the duplicated genes of RNase1 in the two herbivorous lineages(Ruminantia and Tylopoda)may have undergone functional divergence.In combination with the temporal coincidence between gene replication and the enhanced climatic seasonality during theMiddle Eocene,this functional divergence suggests that RNase1 gene duplication was beneficial for Ruminantia to use the limited quantities of sparse fibrous vegetation and adapt to seasonal changes in climate.In summary,the findings indicate a complex and intriguing evolutionary pattern of RNase1 in Cetartiodactyla and demonstrate the molecular mechanisms by which organisms adapt to the environment.展开更多
RNase9 plays a reproductive function and has been recognized as an important member of the ribonuclease(RNase)A superfamily,a gene family that is widely used as a model for molecular evolutionary studies.Here,we ident...RNase9 plays a reproductive function and has been recognized as an important member of the ribonuclease(RNase)A superfamily,a gene family that is widely used as a model for molecular evolutionary studies.Here,we identified 178 RNase9 genes from 95 Cetartiodactyla species that represent all four lineages and 21 families of this clade.Unexpectedly,RNase9experienced an evolutionary scenario of“birth and death”in Ruminantia,and expression analyses showed that duplicated RNase9A and RNase9B genes are expressed in reproductive tissues(epididymis,vas deferens or prostate).This expression pattern combined with the estimate that these genes duplicated during the middle Eocene,a time when Ruminantia become a successful lineage,suggests that the RNase9 gene duplication might have been advantageous for promoting sperm motility and male fertility as an adaptation to climate seasonality changes of this period.In contrast,all RNase9 genes were lost in the Cetacean lineage,which might be associated with their high levels of prostatic lesions and lower reproductive rates as adaptations to a fully aquatic environment and a balance to the demands of ocean resources.This study reveals a complex and intriguing evolutionary history and functional divergence for RNase9 in Cetartiodactyla,providing new insights into the evolution of the RNaseA superfamily and molecular mechanisms for organismal adaptations to the environment.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Basic Cooperative Research Programs of Yunnan Province Youth Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talent(202405AC350082)Yunnan Provincial Undergraduate Universities’Association(202101BA070001-068).
文摘Pancreatic ribonuclease(RNase1),a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas,is associated with the functional adaptation of dietary habits and is regarded as an attractive model system for studies of molecular evolution.In this study,we identified 218 functional genes and 48 pseudogenes from 114 species that span all four Cetartiodactyla lineages:two herbivorous lineages(Ruminantia and Tylopoda)and two non-herbivorous lineages(Cetancodonta and Suoidea).Multiple RNase1 genes were detected in all species of the two herbivorous lineages,and phylogenetic and genomic location analyses demonstrated that independent gene duplication events occurred in Ruminantia and Tylopoda.In Ruminantia,the gene duplication events occurred in the ancestral branches of the lineage in theMiddle Eocene,a time of increasing climatic seasonality during which Ruminantia rapidly radiated.In contrast,only a single RNase1 gene was observed in the species of the two non-herbivorous lineages(Cetancodonta and Suoidea),suggesting that the previous Cetacea-specific loss hypothesis should be rejected.Moreover,the duplicated genes of RNase1 in the two herbivorous lineages(Ruminantia and Tylopoda)may have undergone functional divergence.In combination with the temporal coincidence between gene replication and the enhanced climatic seasonality during theMiddle Eocene,this functional divergence suggests that RNase1 gene duplication was beneficial for Ruminantia to use the limited quantities of sparse fibrous vegetation and adapt to seasonal changes in climate.In summary,the findings indicate a complex and intriguing evolutionary pattern of RNase1 in Cetartiodactyla and demonstrate the molecular mechanisms by which organisms adapt to the environment.
基金supported by the Special Basic Cooperative Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Undergraduate Universities(202001AO070195)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31925006)the Applied Basic Research General Project of Yunnan Science Technology Department(202001BB050058)。
文摘RNase9 plays a reproductive function and has been recognized as an important member of the ribonuclease(RNase)A superfamily,a gene family that is widely used as a model for molecular evolutionary studies.Here,we identified 178 RNase9 genes from 95 Cetartiodactyla species that represent all four lineages and 21 families of this clade.Unexpectedly,RNase9experienced an evolutionary scenario of“birth and death”in Ruminantia,and expression analyses showed that duplicated RNase9A and RNase9B genes are expressed in reproductive tissues(epididymis,vas deferens or prostate).This expression pattern combined with the estimate that these genes duplicated during the middle Eocene,a time when Ruminantia become a successful lineage,suggests that the RNase9 gene duplication might have been advantageous for promoting sperm motility and male fertility as an adaptation to climate seasonality changes of this period.In contrast,all RNase9 genes were lost in the Cetacean lineage,which might be associated with their high levels of prostatic lesions and lower reproductive rates as adaptations to a fully aquatic environment and a balance to the demands of ocean resources.This study reveals a complex and intriguing evolutionary history and functional divergence for RNase9 in Cetartiodactyla,providing new insights into the evolution of the RNaseA superfamily and molecular mechanisms for organismal adaptations to the environment.
