Despite a global decline in tobacco use,smoking remains a leading cause of preventable death,with rising vaping rates among adolescents and young adults further complicating nicotine cessation efforts.Digital interven...Despite a global decline in tobacco use,smoking remains a leading cause of preventable death,with rising vaping rates among adolescents and young adults further complicating nicotine cessation efforts.Digital interventions,particularly chatbots,have gained attention for their potential to support tobacco and vaping cessation by simulating human-like conversations and providing instant feedback.However,evidence of their effectiveness is limited.The emergence of generative artificial intelligence(AI)chatbots,such as ChatGPT,offers a promising avenue for more personalised and effective cessation support.This article reviews existing literature on traditional chatbot interventions for cessation services,explores the potential of AI chatbots,namely ChatGPT,in continuing to support tobacco and vaping cessation efforts,and identifies areas for future research.It highlights the need to further monitor the reliability and accuracy of AI-generated content and to develop frameworks ensuring healthcare professionals receive adequate training in using these new tools effectively to support patients in quitting smoking and/or vaping.展开更多
The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain....The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain.In this study,we analyze how global warming levels(GWLs)of 1.5℃ and 2℃ could affect the timing of rainfall onset(RODs),rainfall cessation(RCDs),and the overall duration of the rainy season(LRS)over global land monsoon(GLM)regions using simulations from CMIP6 under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.With high model consensus,our results reveal that RODs are projected to occur later over Southern Africa,North Africa,and South America,but earlier over South Asia and Australia,in a warmer climate.The projected early RODs in Australia are more pronounced at the 2℃ GWL under SSP5-8.5.On the other hand,early RCDs are projected over South America and East Asia,while late RCDs are projected over North Africa,with high inter-model agreement.These changes are associated with a future decrease in LRS in most GLM regions.Additionally,we found that continuous warming over 1.5℃ will further reduce the length of the rainy season,especially over the South America,North Africa,and Southern Africa monsoon regions.The findings underscore the urgent need to mitigate global warming.展开更多
Background:In response to the need for research clearly demonstrating the net effect of smoking cessation on mental health status,considering the causal relationship between smoking cessation and changes in mental hea...Background:In response to the need for research clearly demonstrating the net effect of smoking cessation on mental health status,considering the causal relationship between smoking cessation and changes in mental health status,this study was undertaken.Thus,this study aimed to examine the net effect of short-term smoking cessation on five specific mental health metrics and the overall mental health status score.Methods:We used data from the first wave of the Korean Health Panel(KHP)Survey(2011–2013,2016–2018)and focused on men aged 19 years and older,to explore the effects of smoking cessation.We compared mental health status before and after cessation among current non-smokers who had quit smoking and continuous smokers.We ensured homogeneity between the two groups via inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)and employed a difference-in-differences(DID)analysis to assess changes in mental health status.This study controlled for factors that could influence mental health and explored the net effect of short-term smoking cessation through difference-in-differences model using multiple regression analysis.Results:The results showed that short-term smoking cessation significantly alleviated mental and physical stress(p<0.1),reduced experiences of frustration(p<0.01),and improved the overall mental health status score(p<0.1).Conclusion:Thus,these results highlight a meaningful link between positive health behavior changes,such as smoking cessation,and enhanced mental health.Moreover,the application of temporal variables further improved the understanding of the causal relationship between health behaviors and mental health.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is a well-documented modifiable risk factor for perioperative complications.AIM To determine the tobacco abstinence rates of patients who made cessation efforts prior to a total joint arthroplas...BACKGROUND Tobacco use is a well-documented modifiable risk factor for perioperative complications.AIM To determine the tobacco abstinence rates of patients who made cessation efforts prior to a total joint arthroplasty(TJA)procedure.METHODS A retrospective evaluation was performed on 88 self-reported tobacco users who underwent TJA between 2014-2022 and had tobacco cessation dates within 3 mo of surgery.Eligible patients were contacted via phone survey to understand their tobacco use pattern,and patient reported outcomes.A total of 37 TJA patients participated.RESULTS Our cohort was on average 61-years-old,60%(n=22)women,with an average body mass index of 30 kg/m^(2).The average follow-up time was 2.9±1.9 years.A total of 73.0%(n=27)of patients endorsed complete abstinence from tobacco use prior to surgery.Various cessation methods were used perioperatively including prescription therapy(13.5%),over the counter nicotine replacement(18.9%),cessation programs(5.4%).At final follow up,43.2%(n=16)of prior tobacco smokers reported complete abstinence.Patients who were able to maintain cessation postoperatively had improved Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System(PROMIS)-10 mental health scores(49 vs 58;P=0.01),and hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement(HOOS.JR)scores(63 vs 82;P=0.02).No patients in this cohort had a prosthetic joint infection or required revision surgery.CONCLUSION We report a tobacco cessation rate of 43.2%in patients undergoing elective TJA nearly 3 years postoperatively.Patients undergoing TJA who were able to remain abstinent had improved PROMIS-10 mental health scores and HOOS.JR scores.The perioperative period provides clinicians a unique opportunity to assist active tobacco smokers with cessation efforts and improve postoperative outcomes.展开更多
Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of ...Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of tobacco use and its health implications,emphasizing the role of nursing interventions in smoking cessation.The review highlights various strategies employed by nurses,including assessment,counseling,pharmacotherapy support,and behavioral interventions,which are essential for effective tobacco cessation.By analyzing current evidence-based practices,the study underscores the importance of comprehensive assessments and personalized care plans tailored to individual patient needs.It also addresses the significance of motivational interviewing and the 5 A’s framework in facilitating successful quit attempts.In addition,the review discusses the integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management techniques as vital components of behavioral interventions.Recommendations for improving tobacco cessation efforts include enhanced training for healthcare professionals,the establishment of community-based support groups,and advocacy for robust tobacco control policies.The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing research into the long-term effectiveness of cessation interventions across diverse populations.This study aims to inform nursing practice and public health policy,ultimately contributing to the reduction of tobacco-related health issues and promoting healthier communities.展开更多
This paper explores the integration of persuasive technology into smoking cessation efforts through the development and evaluation of a mobile app, “No-Smoke.” Leveraging compelling features like social support, tra...This paper explores the integration of persuasive technology into smoking cessation efforts through the development and evaluation of a mobile app, “No-Smoke.” Leveraging compelling features like social support, tracking, planning, and motivation, the app aims to augment user engagement and support the process of quitting smoking. The efficacy of these features has been substantiated through both automated testing and user feedback, highlighting their potential to enhance awareness, motivation, and behavior modification. Despite notable successes, limitations, including a limited user base and uncertainties regarding long-term efficacy, have been acknowledged, stemming from the inherent complexities of smoking cessation. Nevertheless, based on user experiences and feedback, “No-Smoke” represents a promising advancement in the use of technology for public health interventions, particularly in the realm of smoking cessation. To address existing challenges, future research is recommended to encompass a comprehensive, long-term study involving a larger and more diverse user base. Additionally, further investigation should focus on personalization enhancements and the integration of machine learning algorithms to better understand and respond to user behavior.展开更多
Despite ongoing efforts to reduce tobacco smoking, the smoking prevalence in many countries has remained stable for years. This may be a consequence of either lack of knowledge about effective ways to reduce smoking, ...Despite ongoing efforts to reduce tobacco smoking, the smoking prevalence in many countries has remained stable for years. This may be a consequence of either lack of knowledge about effective ways to reduce smoking, or failing treatment of tobacco addiction in healthcare. This study explored gaps in the current understanding of smoking cessation and the challenges facing tobacco addiction management in order to formulate recommendations for future research and healthcare practice. A narrative review was written to determine areas in which more research is needed as well as areas in which sufficient knowledge is already available. Recommendations for future research were prioritised using a Delphi-procedure. Recommendations for healthcare practice were confirmed by expert’s assessment. Smoking is not widely acknowledged as an addiction and a relatively small number of smokers ask help from a healthcare professional when trying to stop smoking. Most healthcare professionals recognise the importance of advising patients to stop smoking, but experience certain barriers to actually do this. Overall, healthcare professionals need to be convinced that tobacco smoking is an addiction and should be treated likewise. If all healthcare professionals systematically advise their patients to give up smoking, eventually more smokers will successfully stop smoking.展开更多
Objectives To investigate the effects of preoperative smoking and smoking cessation time on preoperative peripheral blood inflammatory indexes and postoperative hospitalization outcomes in male patients with lung canc...Objectives To investigate the effects of preoperative smoking and smoking cessation time on preoperative peripheral blood inflammatory indexes and postoperative hospitalization outcomes in male patients with lung cancer and surgery therapy.Methods We retrospectively enrolled 637 male patients who underwent curative-intent lung cancer resection between January 2014 and December 2016.Patients were classified as the current smokers,the never smokers,and the ex-smokers based on their smoking history,and the ex-smokers were allocated into five subgroups according to their smoking cessation times(CeT):CeT W6 weeks,6weeks<CeT W lyear,lyear<CeT<5years,5years<CeT<lOyears,CeT>10years.The preoperative peripheral blood white blood cells(WBCs),albumin,neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR),intraoperative blood loss,30-day mortality,in-hospital days,hospitalization costs,intensive care un辻(ICU),admission days and placement time of closed thoracic drainage tube were compared among difTerent groups.Results There were significant differences in WBC(F=S.275,P<0.001)and albumin(F=2,470,P<0.05)among patients of current smokers,ex-smokers with different smoking cessation time,and never-smokers.The blood WBC count in current smokers(7.7 X 109/L)was significantly higher than that in ex・smokers(7.0 X 109/L)and never-smokers(5.9 X 109/L)(t=-2.145,P<0.05;t=-6.073,P<0.01,respectively).The level of peripheral blood albumin in current smokers(41.1 g/L)was lower than that in ex・smokers(42.1 g/L)and neve—smokers(43.2 g/L)(t=2.323,P<0.05;t=3.995,P<0.01,respectively).The level of peripheral blood NLR in current smokers(3.7)was higher than that in ex-smokers(3.1)and never smokers(2.8)(t—-1.836,P<0.05;t=-2.889,P<0.01,respectively).There was no significant difference in WBC,albumin and NLR among five subgroups of different smoking cessation time.No significant difference was observed in intraoperative blood loss,30-day mortality,hospitalization costs,hospital stay,ICU stay and placement time of closed thoracic drainage tube among groups either.Conclusion Smoking increases the preoperative inflammatory indexes in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients.Smoking cessation has beneficial effect on reducing levels of these inflammatory indexes,which may be not impacted by the time length of smoking cessation.Therefore,lung cancer patients should be encouraged to quit smoking at any time.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of smokers treated with acupuncture for smoking cessation in Hong Kong.METHODS: A total of 2051 subjects were recruited in a clinical pilot research project "acupuncture ...OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of smokers treated with acupuncture for smoking cessation in Hong Kong.METHODS: A total of 2051 subjects were recruited in a clinical pilot research project "acupuncture for smoking cessation", which was conducted jointly by Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Hong Kong Pok Oi Hospital from January of 2011 to December of 2013. The characteristics of study subjects, including baseline information, smoking background, intention to quit and influencing factors were analyzed.RESULTS: The majority of subjects treated with acupuncture for smoking cessation in Hong Kong was male(66.7%), but the proportion of female smokers in this study(33.3%) was higher than that of female smokers in Hong Kong population(13.8%, P <0.05). Subjects were at the mean age of 43.83 years old, of which the percentage of females aged 31-40 years was the highest(38.8%, P < 0.05). The mean duration of smoking was 25.49 years. The number of cigarettes smoked per day was 17.57 cigarettes.Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence(FTND)was 5.29 points. Most of the subjects had attempted quitting smoking(81.42%). The confidence index(7.44 points) and the readiness to quit smoking(8.13 points) were high. Subjects quitting smoking were mostly due to health cause(81.91%). The majority of subjects were at the level of middle school(61.63%). The higher the educational level was, the lower the tobacco dependence was and the higher the confidence in successfully quitting smoking was. 50.27% of subjects chose acupuncture for smoking cessation mainly through friends, television and network publicity. Subjects who had received acupuncture had the highest confidence index, while those who wanted to try a new method had the lower confidence index.CONCLUSION: Acupuncture for smoking cessation was more popular in female smokers, especially those aged 31-40 years. The effectiveness of acupuncture-smoking cessation was most significant in the smokers over 60.展开更多
The present study aimed to clarify the smoking cessation motivations, challenges and coping strategies among pregnant couples. A qualitative design using a grounded theory approach was applied. Data were collected by ...The present study aimed to clarify the smoking cessation motivations, challenges and coping strategies among pregnant couples. A qualitative design using a grounded theory approach was applied. Data were collected by individual semi-structured interviews with 39 married individuals(21 non-smoking pregnant women and 18 smoking or ever-smoking men with a pregnant wife) and 3 imams in an ethnically diverse region of far western China. The most common theme for smoking cessation motivation was 'embryo quality'(i.e., a healthier baby), followed by family's health. Most interviewees reported that husband's withdrawal symptoms were the greatest challenge to smoking cessation, followed by the Chinese tobacco culture. Coping strategies given by the pregnant women typically involved combining emotional, behavioral and social interventions. Social interventions showed advantages in helping to quit smoking. Pregnancy appears to be a positive stimulus for pregnant couples' smoking cessation. Our results suggest that pregnancy, a highly important life event, may help to reduce barriers to smoking cessation at the social level(e.g., limiting access to cigarettes, avoiding temptation to smoke), but does little to help with the withdrawal symptoms. Professional guidance for smoking cessation is still necessary.展开更多
Aim: This study aims to investigate the relationships among family history of cancer, physician’s advice on quitting, and motivation to quit among smokers in the United State. Method: This study using data collected ...Aim: This study aims to investigate the relationships among family history of cancer, physician’s advice on quitting, and motivation to quit among smokers in the United State. Method: This study using data collected by the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Five separate sets of multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the three-direction relationships among: 1) effect of family cancer history on medical doctors’ advice on quitting, 2) effect of family cancer history on motivation to quit smoking, 3) effect of doctor’s advice on smokers’ motivation to quit. Results: Smoking cessation advice given by physicians has a significant effect on both smoker’s motivation and action taken to quit smoking, but a large proportion of the smokers with family cancer history did not receive doctor’s advice on quitting. Conclusion: Family history of lung cancer or other cancer types was not found to be associated with increased motivation to quit smoking. This is at least partly due to poor collection of family cancer history by physicians. This may be ameliorated by promoting the use of a recently developed self-administered tool for the collection of patient data on family cancer history in primary care settings.展开更多
The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most devastating agricultural pests in many cropping systems worldwide. Growers rely on the use of insecticides to control this pest. However, some i...The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most devastating agricultural pests in many cropping systems worldwide. Growers rely on the use of insecticides to control this pest. However, some insecticides do not reduce the feeding of B. tabaci fast enough to prevent the direct and indirect damage produced by this insect. The effect of a new insecticide, cyantraniliprole 10OD (CyazypyrTM), on the feeding of B. tabaci adults, was studied under laboratory conditions. Cyantraniliprole 10OD is an insecticide that belongs to the IRAC Group 28 with a new mode of action for sucking insects, which provides rapid feeding cessation by impairing muscle function, resulting in reduced transmission of important insect vectored crop diseases. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of cyantraniliprole along with some other commercially available insecticides on the feeding of B. tabaci adults by measuring the excretion of honeydew as an indirect assessment of insect feeding. In these experiments, cyantraniliprole resulted in significantly higher reduction of honeydew excretion (64.0%) by Q biotype B. tabaci adults during the first 30 minutes of exposure than diafenthiuron, triazophos, acetamiprid and spiromesifen, with all treatments having no adult mortality. Observations between 1 and 48 hours after exposure indicated that cyantraniliprole had numerically higher or similar reduction in honeydew production as the other insecticides, but by 48 hours (mid and high rate) and 96 hours (high rate) of exposure, cyantraniliprole had significantly higher reduction of honeydew excretion than all other insecticides tested. Low adult mortality was observed during first 24 hours of exposure in all treatments. Cyantraniliprole resulted in numerical or significantly higher adult mortality than all other treatments at the later observation intervals (72 - 96 hours). The higher reduction in honeydew excretion by cyantraniliprole appeared to be related to faster feeding cessation during the initial hours of exposure by a combination of feeding cessation and direct mortality as the exposure time increased. These findings document significant effects of cyantraniliprole on feeding cessation in Bemisia tabaci.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nucleos(t)ide analogs(NAs)cessation in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients remains a matter of debate in clinical practice.Current guidelines recommend that patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)seroconver...BACKGROUND Nucleos(t)ide analogs(NAs)cessation in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients remains a matter of debate in clinical practice.Current guidelines recommend that patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)seroconversion discontinue NAs after relatively long-term consolidation therapy.However,many patients fail to achieve HBeAg seroconversion after the long-term loss of HBeAg,even if hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss occurs.It remains unclear whether NAs can be discontinued in this subset of patients.AIM To investigate the outcomes and factors associated with HBeAg-positive CHB patients with HBeAg loss(without hepatitis B e antibody)after cessation of NAs.METHODS We studied patients who discontinued NAs after achieving HBeAg loss.The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors for virological relapse after cessation of NAs.The cut-off value of the consolidation period was confirmed using receiver operating characteristic curves;we confirmed the cut-off value of HBsAg according to a previous study.The log-rank test was used to compare cumulative relapse rates among groups.We also studied patients with CHB who achieved HBeAg seroconversion and compared their cumulative relapse rates.Propensity score matching analysis(PSM)was used to balance baseline characteristics between the groups.RESULTS We included 83 patients with HBeAg loss.The mean age of these patients was 32.1±9.5 years,and the majority was male(67.5%).Thirty-eight patients relapsed,and the cumulative relapse rate at months 3,6,12,24,36,60,120,and 180 were 22.9%,36.1%,41.0%,43.5%,45.0%,45.0%,45.0%,and 52.8%,respectively.Twentysix(68.4%)patients relapsed in the first 3 mo after NAs cessation,and 35 patients(92.1%)relapsed in the first year after NAs cessation.Consolidation period(≥24 mo vs<24 mo)(HR 0.506,P=0.043)and HBsAg at cessation(≥100 IU/mL vs<100 IU/mL)(HR 14.869,P=0.008)were significant predictors in multivariate Cox regression.In the PSM cohort,which included 144 patients,there were lower cumulative relapse rates in patients with HBeAg seroconversion(P=0.036).CONCLUSION HBeAg-positive CHB patients with HBeAg loss may be able to discontinue NAs therapy after long-term consolidation,especially in patients with HBsAg at cessation<100 IU/mL.Careful monitoring,especially in the early stages after cessation,may ensure a favorable outcome.展开更多
Despite the availability of effective treatments and recommendations for systems change, full application of the USPublic Health Service clinical practice guideline for the treatment of tobacco use is seldom achieved....Despite the availability of effective treatments and recommendations for systems change, full application of the USPublic Health Service clinical practice guideline for the treatment of tobacco use is seldom achieved. The present report describes a comprehensive, structured approach used to implement the guideline and to integrate evidence-based cessation services into a system for delivery of health care. The PRECEDE-PROCEDE model and systems strategies were employed to design and implement the Tobacco Control Initiative (TCI), which provides evidence-based cessation services for the patients of a statewide public hospital system. For the TCI, multi-level assessments, pilot programs, electronic data collection, and performance feedback were needed to produce system-wide changes in workflow and in the quality of care for tobacco users. Although there are advances in health information technology (HIT), systems approaches are required for responding effectively to the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HI-TECH) Act and to standards governing use of electronic data related to treatment of tobacco use and dependence.展开更多
Aims:This article aims to explore the interventional and contextual components of smoking cessation support for cancer patients in the context of supportive care in cancer provided by an association,that is viable and...Aims:This article aims to explore the interventional and contextual components of smoking cessation support for cancer patients in the context of supportive care in cancer provided by an association,that is viable and effective in the French context,and to describe the partnership research process in which they were developed.Procedure:The intervention was developed from a dataset collected during a viability study for the development of a smoking cessation intervention carried out at the Ligue Contre le Cancer Gironde,a scoping review of evidence-based interventions and two narrative reviews on the determinants and ethical issues of smoking cessation in cancer.Results:The results confirmed a tangible opportunity to develop smoking cessation services within the relevant case because of the obstacles that can be overcome,the facilitators that can be mobilized,and the gaps existing in this field.In addition,they enabled the design of an intervention adapted to the context,guided by a voluntarist,multidisciplinary approach,and focused on patients’well-being.Conclusion:The associations providing supportive care in cancer can initiate and participate in the process of smoking cessation.They can play a key role in mediating between oncology and addictology.展开更多
To describe the characteristics of callers accessing the first national smoking quitline in China's Mainland. The national quitline provides residents in China's Mainland with free telephone smoking cessation ...To describe the characteristics of callers accessing the first national smoking quitline in China's Mainland. The national quitline provides residents in China's Mainland with free telephone smoking cessation services. Of 8260 callers from December 1, 2009 to May 31, 2012, the study included 1049 callers to the non-automated service who gave basic information during the call. Of the 1049 live-access callers.展开更多
The socio-economic sector of West African countries is rain-fed agriculture driven. Information regarding the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season is thus, very essential. In this paper, a comparison of t...The socio-economic sector of West African countries is rain-fed agriculture driven. Information regarding the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season is thus, very essential. In this paper, a comparison of the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season has been carried out using simulated rainfall data from the fourth generation Regional Climate Model (RegCM4) and rain gauge measurements from Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet), covering a period of 1998 to 2012. Similar onset and cessation dates were seen in both the simulated and guage rainfall measurements for the various agro-ecological zones, resulting in similar duration of the rainy season. The average duration of the rainy season were less than 200 days for the savannah and coastal zones whereas the duration of the rainy season were beyond 200 days for the forest and transition zones. The bias of these comparisons was less than 30 days and the root mean square error (RMSE) values were less than 15 days for all stations, except Saltpond. The Pearson’s correlation (r) typically ranged between 0.4 and 0.8. However, negative correlations were observed for Tamale in the savannah zone, and the entire coastal zone. These findings are indications that RegCM4 has the potential to clearly simulate the movement of the rain belt, and thus, could fairly determine the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season. The findings have significant contributions to effective water resource management and food security in Ghana, as the thriving of these sectors depend on the dynamics of the rainfall seasons.展开更多
Smoking cessation is challenging and lack of positive support is a known major barrier to quitting cigarettes.Previous studies have suggested that social influences might increase smokers' awareness of social norm...Smoking cessation is challenging and lack of positive support is a known major barrier to quitting cigarettes.Previous studies have suggested that social influences might increase smokers' awareness of social norms for appropriate behavior,which might lead to smoking cessation.Although social media use is increasing among young adults in the United States,research on the relationship between social media use and smoking cessation is lacking.Twitter has provided a rich source of information for researchers,but no overview exists as to how the field uses Twitter in smoking cessation research.To the best of our knowledge,this study conducted a data mining analysis of Twitter to assess barriers to smoking cessation.In conclusion,Twitter is a cost-effective tool with the potential to disseminate information on the benefits of smoking cessation and updated research to the Twitter community on a global scale.展开更多
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)are widely distributed ligand gated ion channels throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems of mammals.There are 16 different n AChR subunits,α1-α7,α9,α10 andβ1...Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)are widely distributed ligand gated ion channels throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems of mammals.There are 16 different n AChR subunits,α1-α7,α9,α10 andβ1-β4,as well asγ,δ,andε,which assemble into pentamers to form different nAChR subtypes with distinct pharmacological properties in mammals.Among themα6β2*(*designates other possible subunit),α3β4 andα4β2 nAChR subtypes are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of addiction.However,various n AChR subtypes are very difficult to pharmacologically distinguish from each other.Theα6*n AChRs are expressed by dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system,which modulate the release of dopamine and are believed to be important in mediating tobacco,morphine,cocaine and ethanol addiction.Theα3β4 nAChRs present in the medial habenula with important role in influencing nicotine addiction.Blockage ofα3β4 nAChRs in the medial habenula decreased the dose of nicotine that rodents would self-administer.Thus,new antagonists ofα6β2*orα3β4 nA ChR subtypes are of considerable interest,which would give strategies to selectively modulateα6β2*orα3β4 nA ChR function.We characterized anα-conotoxin(α-CTx)TxIB with 16 amino acids and anα-CTx TxID with 15 amino acids from Conus textile.The sequence of TxIB is GCCSDPPCRNKHPDLCamide.The sequence of TxID is GCCSHPVCSAMSPIC with C-terminal amidation too.Both peptides with aⅠ-ⅢandⅡ-Ⅳdisulfide con-nectivity were chemically synthesized.The residues between Cys-Ⅱand Cys-Ⅲand Cys-Ⅲand Cys-Ⅳofα-CTx are commonly referred to as loops 1 and 2,respectively.The number of residues in each of these loops is used to further classify theα-CTx.So TxIB is classified as a 4/7α-CTx,whereas theα-CTx TxIB has a 4/6 spacing.Both peptides were tested on rat nAChRs heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Theα-CTx TxIB blockedα6/α3β2β3 nAChR with an IC50 of 28 nmol·L^(-1),which showed little or no block of all the other tested subtypes at concentrations up to 10μmol·L^(-1).TxIB blockingα6/α3β2β3 nAChR is rapidly reversed after toxin washout.The ability ofα-CTx TxIB to discriminate betweenα6/α3β2β3 and the other nAChR receptors is unique.There are no small molecules have this selectivity profile.Previously describedα-CTx that potently blockα6/α3β2β3 nA ChR s also block eitherα6/α3β4 nAChRs,α3β2 nAChRs and(or)other nAChRs subtypes.TxID was the very potentα3β4 nAChR antagonists blocking ratα3β4 n AChRs with an IC-50 of 12.5 nmol·L1.However,TxID also blocked the closely relatedα6/α3β4 with an IC50 of 94 nmol·L^(-1).In fact,the expression profile ofα3β4 nAChRs andα6/α3β4 nAChRs overlap in a variety of tissues.So TxI D can′t differentiateα3β4 nA ChR fromα6/α3β4 nA ChR effectively.To distinguish between these two close subtypes,positional-scanning mutagenesis of TxID was performed to identify critical residues that confer potency forα3β4 nAChRs,and hope to obtain more selective mutant to discriminate between these two close subtypes.The effects of 15 analogues and TxID were tested on bothα3β4 andα6/α3β4 nAChRs.An analogue,ie[S9 A]TxID had46-fold greater potency forα3β4 versusα6/α3β4 nAChRs,which showed significantly improved selectivity forα3β4 versusα6/α3β4 nAChRs.Both TxI D and[S9 A]TxI D had little activity on other nA ChR subtypes.The three-dimensional solution structures of TxIB,TxID and[S9 A]TxID were determined using NMR spectroscopy.α-CTx TxI B,TxID and[S9 A]TxID represent uniquely selective ligand for probing the structure and function ofα6β2*andα3β4 nA ChR s respectively.It is known about20%people have used drugs recreationally resulting in a substance use disorder finally.Therefore,structural insights derived from these ligands may facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for addiction involvingα6β2*andα3β4 nA ChR s.展开更多
This study compared characteristics of Korean American men in two studies: a telephone survey with a random sample of Korean American men who reported daily smoking versus a smoking cessation clinical trial with a con...This study compared characteristics of Korean American men in two studies: a telephone survey with a random sample of Korean American men who reported daily smoking versus a smoking cessation clinical trial with a convenience sample of Korean American men who reported smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), both studies attempted to explain how much its theoretical variables (attitudes, perceived social norms, and self-efficacy) would explain quit intentions in Korean American men. Participants in the cessation study were less likely to have health insurance coverage (χ2 [2, 271] = 138.31, p = 0.001) than those in the survey study. The cessation group was more likely to smoke in indoor offices (χ2 [1, 231] = 18.09, p = 0.003) and had higher nicotine dependence than the survey group (t269 = 3.32, p = 0.001) but these differences became insignificant when only those who smoked 10 or more cigarettes were compared. Participants in the cessation study had more positive attitudes towards quitting (t267 = 4.99, p < 0.001), stronger perceived social norms favoring quitting (t269 = 5.63, p t268 = 9.86, p < 0.001) at baseline than those in the survey study. Korean American men are more likely to have a quit intention and make a quit attempt when they have more positive and fewer negative attitudes towards quitting and perceive stronger social norms favoring quitting. To motivate Korean American men to quit smoking, clinicians should underscore the immediate health benefits of quitting, promote quitting with cessation aids to reduce perceived risks of quitting in anticipation of withdrawal symptoms, and encourage family members to relate firm anti-smoking messages.展开更多
文摘Despite a global decline in tobacco use,smoking remains a leading cause of preventable death,with rising vaping rates among adolescents and young adults further complicating nicotine cessation efforts.Digital interventions,particularly chatbots,have gained attention for their potential to support tobacco and vaping cessation by simulating human-like conversations and providing instant feedback.However,evidence of their effectiveness is limited.The emergence of generative artificial intelligence(AI)chatbots,such as ChatGPT,offers a promising avenue for more personalised and effective cessation support.This article reviews existing literature on traditional chatbot interventions for cessation services,explores the potential of AI chatbots,namely ChatGPT,in continuing to support tobacco and vaping cessation efforts,and identifies areas for future research.It highlights the need to further monitor the reliability and accuracy of AI-generated content and to develop frameworks ensuring healthcare professionals receive adequate training in using these new tools effectively to support patients in quitting smoking and/or vaping.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(Grant No.CE230100012)。
文摘The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain.In this study,we analyze how global warming levels(GWLs)of 1.5℃ and 2℃ could affect the timing of rainfall onset(RODs),rainfall cessation(RCDs),and the overall duration of the rainy season(LRS)over global land monsoon(GLM)regions using simulations from CMIP6 under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.With high model consensus,our results reveal that RODs are projected to occur later over Southern Africa,North Africa,and South America,but earlier over South Asia and Australia,in a warmer climate.The projected early RODs in Australia are more pronounced at the 2℃ GWL under SSP5-8.5.On the other hand,early RCDs are projected over South America and East Asia,while late RCDs are projected over North Africa,with high inter-model agreement.These changes are associated with a future decrease in LRS in most GLM regions.Additionally,we found that continuous warming over 1.5℃ will further reduce the length of the rainy season,especially over the South America,North Africa,and Southern Africa monsoon regions.The findings underscore the urgent need to mitigate global warming.
文摘Background:In response to the need for research clearly demonstrating the net effect of smoking cessation on mental health status,considering the causal relationship between smoking cessation and changes in mental health status,this study was undertaken.Thus,this study aimed to examine the net effect of short-term smoking cessation on five specific mental health metrics and the overall mental health status score.Methods:We used data from the first wave of the Korean Health Panel(KHP)Survey(2011–2013,2016–2018)and focused on men aged 19 years and older,to explore the effects of smoking cessation.We compared mental health status before and after cessation among current non-smokers who had quit smoking and continuous smokers.We ensured homogeneity between the two groups via inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)and employed a difference-in-differences(DID)analysis to assess changes in mental health status.This study controlled for factors that could influence mental health and explored the net effect of short-term smoking cessation through difference-in-differences model using multiple regression analysis.Results:The results showed that short-term smoking cessation significantly alleviated mental and physical stress(p<0.1),reduced experiences of frustration(p<0.01),and improved the overall mental health status score(p<0.1).Conclusion:Thus,these results highlight a meaningful link between positive health behavior changes,such as smoking cessation,and enhanced mental health.Moreover,the application of temporal variables further improved the understanding of the causal relationship between health behaviors and mental health.
文摘BACKGROUND Tobacco use is a well-documented modifiable risk factor for perioperative complications.AIM To determine the tobacco abstinence rates of patients who made cessation efforts prior to a total joint arthroplasty(TJA)procedure.METHODS A retrospective evaluation was performed on 88 self-reported tobacco users who underwent TJA between 2014-2022 and had tobacco cessation dates within 3 mo of surgery.Eligible patients were contacted via phone survey to understand their tobacco use pattern,and patient reported outcomes.A total of 37 TJA patients participated.RESULTS Our cohort was on average 61-years-old,60%(n=22)women,with an average body mass index of 30 kg/m^(2).The average follow-up time was 2.9±1.9 years.A total of 73.0%(n=27)of patients endorsed complete abstinence from tobacco use prior to surgery.Various cessation methods were used perioperatively including prescription therapy(13.5%),over the counter nicotine replacement(18.9%),cessation programs(5.4%).At final follow up,43.2%(n=16)of prior tobacco smokers reported complete abstinence.Patients who were able to maintain cessation postoperatively had improved Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System(PROMIS)-10 mental health scores(49 vs 58;P=0.01),and hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement(HOOS.JR)scores(63 vs 82;P=0.02).No patients in this cohort had a prosthetic joint infection or required revision surgery.CONCLUSION We report a tobacco cessation rate of 43.2%in patients undergoing elective TJA nearly 3 years postoperatively.Patients undergoing TJA who were able to remain abstinent had improved PROMIS-10 mental health scores and HOOS.JR scores.The perioperative period provides clinicians a unique opportunity to assist active tobacco smokers with cessation efforts and improve postoperative outcomes.
文摘Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of tobacco use and its health implications,emphasizing the role of nursing interventions in smoking cessation.The review highlights various strategies employed by nurses,including assessment,counseling,pharmacotherapy support,and behavioral interventions,which are essential for effective tobacco cessation.By analyzing current evidence-based practices,the study underscores the importance of comprehensive assessments and personalized care plans tailored to individual patient needs.It also addresses the significance of motivational interviewing and the 5 A’s framework in facilitating successful quit attempts.In addition,the review discusses the integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management techniques as vital components of behavioral interventions.Recommendations for improving tobacco cessation efforts include enhanced training for healthcare professionals,the establishment of community-based support groups,and advocacy for robust tobacco control policies.The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing research into the long-term effectiveness of cessation interventions across diverse populations.This study aims to inform nursing practice and public health policy,ultimately contributing to the reduction of tobacco-related health issues and promoting healthier communities.
文摘This paper explores the integration of persuasive technology into smoking cessation efforts through the development and evaluation of a mobile app, “No-Smoke.” Leveraging compelling features like social support, tracking, planning, and motivation, the app aims to augment user engagement and support the process of quitting smoking. The efficacy of these features has been substantiated through both automated testing and user feedback, highlighting their potential to enhance awareness, motivation, and behavior modification. Despite notable successes, limitations, including a limited user base and uncertainties regarding long-term efficacy, have been acknowledged, stemming from the inherent complexities of smoking cessation. Nevertheless, based on user experiences and feedback, “No-Smoke” represents a promising advancement in the use of technology for public health interventions, particularly in the realm of smoking cessation. To address existing challenges, future research is recommended to encompass a comprehensive, long-term study involving a larger and more diverse user base. Additionally, further investigation should focus on personalization enhancements and the integration of machine learning algorithms to better understand and respond to user behavior.
文摘Despite ongoing efforts to reduce tobacco smoking, the smoking prevalence in many countries has remained stable for years. This may be a consequence of either lack of knowledge about effective ways to reduce smoking, or failing treatment of tobacco addiction in healthcare. This study explored gaps in the current understanding of smoking cessation and the challenges facing tobacco addiction management in order to formulate recommendations for future research and healthcare practice. A narrative review was written to determine areas in which more research is needed as well as areas in which sufficient knowledge is already available. Recommendations for future research were prioritised using a Delphi-procedure. Recommendations for healthcare practice were confirmed by expert’s assessment. Smoking is not widely acknowledged as an addiction and a relatively small number of smokers ask help from a healthcare professional when trying to stop smoking. Most healthcare professionals recognise the importance of advising patients to stop smoking, but experience certain barriers to actually do this. Overall, healthcare professionals need to be convinced that tobacco smoking is an addiction and should be treated likewise. If all healthcare professionals systematically advise their patients to give up smoking, eventually more smokers will successfully stop smoking.
基金Fund supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC2001800)~~。
文摘Objectives To investigate the effects of preoperative smoking and smoking cessation time on preoperative peripheral blood inflammatory indexes and postoperative hospitalization outcomes in male patients with lung cancer and surgery therapy.Methods We retrospectively enrolled 637 male patients who underwent curative-intent lung cancer resection between January 2014 and December 2016.Patients were classified as the current smokers,the never smokers,and the ex-smokers based on their smoking history,and the ex-smokers were allocated into five subgroups according to their smoking cessation times(CeT):CeT W6 weeks,6weeks<CeT W lyear,lyear<CeT<5years,5years<CeT<lOyears,CeT>10years.The preoperative peripheral blood white blood cells(WBCs),albumin,neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR),intraoperative blood loss,30-day mortality,in-hospital days,hospitalization costs,intensive care un辻(ICU),admission days and placement time of closed thoracic drainage tube were compared among difTerent groups.Results There were significant differences in WBC(F=S.275,P<0.001)and albumin(F=2,470,P<0.05)among patients of current smokers,ex-smokers with different smoking cessation time,and never-smokers.The blood WBC count in current smokers(7.7 X 109/L)was significantly higher than that in ex・smokers(7.0 X 109/L)and never-smokers(5.9 X 109/L)(t=-2.145,P<0.05;t=-6.073,P<0.01,respectively).The level of peripheral blood albumin in current smokers(41.1 g/L)was lower than that in ex・smokers(42.1 g/L)and neve—smokers(43.2 g/L)(t=2.323,P<0.05;t=3.995,P<0.01,respectively).The level of peripheral blood NLR in current smokers(3.7)was higher than that in ex-smokers(3.1)and never smokers(2.8)(t—-1.836,P<0.05;t=-2.889,P<0.01,respectively).There was no significant difference in WBC,albumin and NLR among five subgroups of different smoking cessation time.No significant difference was observed in intraoperative blood loss,30-day mortality,hospitalization costs,hospital stay,ICU stay and placement time of closed thoracic drainage tube among groups either.Conclusion Smoking increases the preoperative inflammatory indexes in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients.Smoking cessation has beneficial effect on reducing levels of these inflammatory indexes,which may be not impacted by the time length of smoking cessation.Therefore,lung cancer patients should be encouraged to quit smoking at any time.
基金Supported by the Special Scientific Research Fund of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China(No.201307014)Fund of Department of Health of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region[Project No.(2)in DH/FU/4-55/99/12(15)]
文摘OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of smokers treated with acupuncture for smoking cessation in Hong Kong.METHODS: A total of 2051 subjects were recruited in a clinical pilot research project "acupuncture for smoking cessation", which was conducted jointly by Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Hong Kong Pok Oi Hospital from January of 2011 to December of 2013. The characteristics of study subjects, including baseline information, smoking background, intention to quit and influencing factors were analyzed.RESULTS: The majority of subjects treated with acupuncture for smoking cessation in Hong Kong was male(66.7%), but the proportion of female smokers in this study(33.3%) was higher than that of female smokers in Hong Kong population(13.8%, P <0.05). Subjects were at the mean age of 43.83 years old, of which the percentage of females aged 31-40 years was the highest(38.8%, P < 0.05). The mean duration of smoking was 25.49 years. The number of cigarettes smoked per day was 17.57 cigarettes.Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence(FTND)was 5.29 points. Most of the subjects had attempted quitting smoking(81.42%). The confidence index(7.44 points) and the readiness to quit smoking(8.13 points) were high. Subjects quitting smoking were mostly due to health cause(81.91%). The majority of subjects were at the level of middle school(61.63%). The higher the educational level was, the lower the tobacco dependence was and the higher the confidence in successfully quitting smoking was. 50.27% of subjects chose acupuncture for smoking cessation mainly through friends, television and network publicity. Subjects who had received acupuncture had the highest confidence index, while those who wanted to try a new method had the lower confidence index.CONCLUSION: Acupuncture for smoking cessation was more popular in female smokers, especially those aged 31-40 years. The effectiveness of acupuncture-smoking cessation was most significant in the smokers over 60.
基金supported by the National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China(No.15ZDC037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(key program)(No.71333005)
文摘The present study aimed to clarify the smoking cessation motivations, challenges and coping strategies among pregnant couples. A qualitative design using a grounded theory approach was applied. Data were collected by individual semi-structured interviews with 39 married individuals(21 non-smoking pregnant women and 18 smoking or ever-smoking men with a pregnant wife) and 3 imams in an ethnically diverse region of far western China. The most common theme for smoking cessation motivation was 'embryo quality'(i.e., a healthier baby), followed by family's health. Most interviewees reported that husband's withdrawal symptoms were the greatest challenge to smoking cessation, followed by the Chinese tobacco culture. Coping strategies given by the pregnant women typically involved combining emotional, behavioral and social interventions. Social interventions showed advantages in helping to quit smoking. Pregnancy appears to be a positive stimulus for pregnant couples' smoking cessation. Our results suggest that pregnancy, a highly important life event, may help to reduce barriers to smoking cessation at the social level(e.g., limiting access to cigarettes, avoiding temptation to smoke), but does little to help with the withdrawal symptoms. Professional guidance for smoking cessation is still necessary.
文摘Aim: This study aims to investigate the relationships among family history of cancer, physician’s advice on quitting, and motivation to quit among smokers in the United State. Method: This study using data collected by the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Five separate sets of multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the three-direction relationships among: 1) effect of family cancer history on medical doctors’ advice on quitting, 2) effect of family cancer history on motivation to quit smoking, 3) effect of doctor’s advice on smokers’ motivation to quit. Results: Smoking cessation advice given by physicians has a significant effect on both smoker’s motivation and action taken to quit smoking, but a large proportion of the smokers with family cancer history did not receive doctor’s advice on quitting. Conclusion: Family history of lung cancer or other cancer types was not found to be associated with increased motivation to quit smoking. This is at least partly due to poor collection of family cancer history by physicians. This may be ameliorated by promoting the use of a recently developed self-administered tool for the collection of patient data on family cancer history in primary care settings.
文摘The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most devastating agricultural pests in many cropping systems worldwide. Growers rely on the use of insecticides to control this pest. However, some insecticides do not reduce the feeding of B. tabaci fast enough to prevent the direct and indirect damage produced by this insect. The effect of a new insecticide, cyantraniliprole 10OD (CyazypyrTM), on the feeding of B. tabaci adults, was studied under laboratory conditions. Cyantraniliprole 10OD is an insecticide that belongs to the IRAC Group 28 with a new mode of action for sucking insects, which provides rapid feeding cessation by impairing muscle function, resulting in reduced transmission of important insect vectored crop diseases. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of cyantraniliprole along with some other commercially available insecticides on the feeding of B. tabaci adults by measuring the excretion of honeydew as an indirect assessment of insect feeding. In these experiments, cyantraniliprole resulted in significantly higher reduction of honeydew excretion (64.0%) by Q biotype B. tabaci adults during the first 30 minutes of exposure than diafenthiuron, triazophos, acetamiprid and spiromesifen, with all treatments having no adult mortality. Observations between 1 and 48 hours after exposure indicated that cyantraniliprole had numerically higher or similar reduction in honeydew production as the other insecticides, but by 48 hours (mid and high rate) and 96 hours (high rate) of exposure, cyantraniliprole had significantly higher reduction of honeydew excretion than all other insecticides tested. Low adult mortality was observed during first 24 hours of exposure in all treatments. Cyantraniliprole resulted in numerical or significantly higher adult mortality than all other treatments at the later observation intervals (72 - 96 hours). The higher reduction in honeydew excretion by cyantraniliprole appeared to be related to faster feeding cessation during the initial hours of exposure by a combination of feeding cessation and direct mortality as the exposure time increased. These findings document significant effects of cyantraniliprole on feeding cessation in Bemisia tabaci.
基金The Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation,No.ZR2019PH052the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2017YFC0908104.
文摘BACKGROUND Nucleos(t)ide analogs(NAs)cessation in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients remains a matter of debate in clinical practice.Current guidelines recommend that patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)seroconversion discontinue NAs after relatively long-term consolidation therapy.However,many patients fail to achieve HBeAg seroconversion after the long-term loss of HBeAg,even if hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss occurs.It remains unclear whether NAs can be discontinued in this subset of patients.AIM To investigate the outcomes and factors associated with HBeAg-positive CHB patients with HBeAg loss(without hepatitis B e antibody)after cessation of NAs.METHODS We studied patients who discontinued NAs after achieving HBeAg loss.The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors for virological relapse after cessation of NAs.The cut-off value of the consolidation period was confirmed using receiver operating characteristic curves;we confirmed the cut-off value of HBsAg according to a previous study.The log-rank test was used to compare cumulative relapse rates among groups.We also studied patients with CHB who achieved HBeAg seroconversion and compared their cumulative relapse rates.Propensity score matching analysis(PSM)was used to balance baseline characteristics between the groups.RESULTS We included 83 patients with HBeAg loss.The mean age of these patients was 32.1±9.5 years,and the majority was male(67.5%).Thirty-eight patients relapsed,and the cumulative relapse rate at months 3,6,12,24,36,60,120,and 180 were 22.9%,36.1%,41.0%,43.5%,45.0%,45.0%,45.0%,and 52.8%,respectively.Twentysix(68.4%)patients relapsed in the first 3 mo after NAs cessation,and 35 patients(92.1%)relapsed in the first year after NAs cessation.Consolidation period(≥24 mo vs<24 mo)(HR 0.506,P=0.043)and HBsAg at cessation(≥100 IU/mL vs<100 IU/mL)(HR 14.869,P=0.008)were significant predictors in multivariate Cox regression.In the PSM cohort,which included 144 patients,there were lower cumulative relapse rates in patients with HBeAg seroconversion(P=0.036).CONCLUSION HBeAg-positive CHB patients with HBeAg loss may be able to discontinue NAs therapy after long-term consolidation,especially in patients with HBsAg at cessation<100 IU/mL.Careful monitoring,especially in the early stages after cessation,may ensure a favorable outcome.
文摘Despite the availability of effective treatments and recommendations for systems change, full application of the USPublic Health Service clinical practice guideline for the treatment of tobacco use is seldom achieved. The present report describes a comprehensive, structured approach used to implement the guideline and to integrate evidence-based cessation services into a system for delivery of health care. The PRECEDE-PROCEDE model and systems strategies were employed to design and implement the Tobacco Control Initiative (TCI), which provides evidence-based cessation services for the patients of a statewide public hospital system. For the TCI, multi-level assessments, pilot programs, electronic data collection, and performance feedback were needed to produce system-wide changes in workflow and in the quality of care for tobacco users. Although there are advances in health information technology (HIT), systems approaches are required for responding effectively to the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HI-TECH) Act and to standards governing use of electronic data related to treatment of tobacco use and dependence.
文摘Aims:This article aims to explore the interventional and contextual components of smoking cessation support for cancer patients in the context of supportive care in cancer provided by an association,that is viable and effective in the French context,and to describe the partnership research process in which they were developed.Procedure:The intervention was developed from a dataset collected during a viability study for the development of a smoking cessation intervention carried out at the Ligue Contre le Cancer Gironde,a scoping review of evidence-based interventions and two narrative reviews on the determinants and ethical issues of smoking cessation in cancer.Results:The results confirmed a tangible opportunity to develop smoking cessation services within the relevant case because of the obstacles that can be overcome,the facilitators that can be mobilized,and the gaps existing in this field.In addition,they enabled the design of an intervention adapted to the context,guided by a voluntarist,multidisciplinary approach,and focused on patients’well-being.Conclusion:The associations providing supportive care in cancer can initiate and participate in the process of smoking cessation.They can play a key role in mediating between oncology and addictology.
基金Supported by Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China funded project on Clinical Cessation Interventions speaking tour, establishing and running National Quitline 4008885531developing the new version of clinical smoking cessation guideline (2009)+1 种基金WHO funded projects on Support for Building up Smoke free Health Care Facilities, the Dissemination and Application of Chinese Clinical Smoking Cessation Guidelines, CHN/10/TFI/001131Pilot Project on Capacity Building for Pediatricians and other Child Health Staff,CHN-11-TFI-002716
文摘To describe the characteristics of callers accessing the first national smoking quitline in China's Mainland. The national quitline provides residents in China's Mainland with free telephone smoking cessation services. Of 8260 callers from December 1, 2009 to May 31, 2012, the study included 1049 callers to the non-automated service who gave basic information during the call. Of the 1049 live-access callers.
文摘The socio-economic sector of West African countries is rain-fed agriculture driven. Information regarding the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season is thus, very essential. In this paper, a comparison of the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season has been carried out using simulated rainfall data from the fourth generation Regional Climate Model (RegCM4) and rain gauge measurements from Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet), covering a period of 1998 to 2012. Similar onset and cessation dates were seen in both the simulated and guage rainfall measurements for the various agro-ecological zones, resulting in similar duration of the rainy season. The average duration of the rainy season were less than 200 days for the savannah and coastal zones whereas the duration of the rainy season were beyond 200 days for the forest and transition zones. The bias of these comparisons was less than 30 days and the root mean square error (RMSE) values were less than 15 days for all stations, except Saltpond. The Pearson’s correlation (r) typically ranged between 0.4 and 0.8. However, negative correlations were observed for Tamale in the savannah zone, and the entire coastal zone. These findings are indications that RegCM4 has the potential to clearly simulate the movement of the rain belt, and thus, could fairly determine the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season. The findings have significant contributions to effective water resource management and food security in Ghana, as the thriving of these sectors depend on the dynamics of the rainfall seasons.
文摘Smoking cessation is challenging and lack of positive support is a known major barrier to quitting cigarettes.Previous studies have suggested that social influences might increase smokers' awareness of social norms for appropriate behavior,which might lead to smoking cessation.Although social media use is increasing among young adults in the United States,research on the relationship between social media use and smoking cessation is lacking.Twitter has provided a rich source of information for researchers,but no overview exists as to how the field uses Twitter in smoking cessation research.To the best of our knowledge,this study conducted a data mining analysis of Twitter to assess barriers to smoking cessation.In conclusion,Twitter is a cost-effective tool with the potential to disseminate information on the benefits of smoking cessation and updated research to the Twitter community on a global scale.
文摘Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)are widely distributed ligand gated ion channels throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems of mammals.There are 16 different n AChR subunits,α1-α7,α9,α10 andβ1-β4,as well asγ,δ,andε,which assemble into pentamers to form different nAChR subtypes with distinct pharmacological properties in mammals.Among themα6β2*(*designates other possible subunit),α3β4 andα4β2 nAChR subtypes are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of addiction.However,various n AChR subtypes are very difficult to pharmacologically distinguish from each other.Theα6*n AChRs are expressed by dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system,which modulate the release of dopamine and are believed to be important in mediating tobacco,morphine,cocaine and ethanol addiction.Theα3β4 nAChRs present in the medial habenula with important role in influencing nicotine addiction.Blockage ofα3β4 nAChRs in the medial habenula decreased the dose of nicotine that rodents would self-administer.Thus,new antagonists ofα6β2*orα3β4 nA ChR subtypes are of considerable interest,which would give strategies to selectively modulateα6β2*orα3β4 nA ChR function.We characterized anα-conotoxin(α-CTx)TxIB with 16 amino acids and anα-CTx TxID with 15 amino acids from Conus textile.The sequence of TxIB is GCCSDPPCRNKHPDLCamide.The sequence of TxID is GCCSHPVCSAMSPIC with C-terminal amidation too.Both peptides with aⅠ-ⅢandⅡ-Ⅳdisulfide con-nectivity were chemically synthesized.The residues between Cys-Ⅱand Cys-Ⅲand Cys-Ⅲand Cys-Ⅳofα-CTx are commonly referred to as loops 1 and 2,respectively.The number of residues in each of these loops is used to further classify theα-CTx.So TxIB is classified as a 4/7α-CTx,whereas theα-CTx TxIB has a 4/6 spacing.Both peptides were tested on rat nAChRs heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Theα-CTx TxIB blockedα6/α3β2β3 nAChR with an IC50 of 28 nmol·L^(-1),which showed little or no block of all the other tested subtypes at concentrations up to 10μmol·L^(-1).TxIB blockingα6/α3β2β3 nAChR is rapidly reversed after toxin washout.The ability ofα-CTx TxIB to discriminate betweenα6/α3β2β3 and the other nAChR receptors is unique.There are no small molecules have this selectivity profile.Previously describedα-CTx that potently blockα6/α3β2β3 nA ChR s also block eitherα6/α3β4 nAChRs,α3β2 nAChRs and(or)other nAChRs subtypes.TxID was the very potentα3β4 nAChR antagonists blocking ratα3β4 n AChRs with an IC-50 of 12.5 nmol·L1.However,TxID also blocked the closely relatedα6/α3β4 with an IC50 of 94 nmol·L^(-1).In fact,the expression profile ofα3β4 nAChRs andα6/α3β4 nAChRs overlap in a variety of tissues.So TxI D can′t differentiateα3β4 nA ChR fromα6/α3β4 nA ChR effectively.To distinguish between these two close subtypes,positional-scanning mutagenesis of TxID was performed to identify critical residues that confer potency forα3β4 nAChRs,and hope to obtain more selective mutant to discriminate between these two close subtypes.The effects of 15 analogues and TxID were tested on bothα3β4 andα6/α3β4 nAChRs.An analogue,ie[S9 A]TxID had46-fold greater potency forα3β4 versusα6/α3β4 nAChRs,which showed significantly improved selectivity forα3β4 versusα6/α3β4 nAChRs.Both TxI D and[S9 A]TxI D had little activity on other nA ChR subtypes.The three-dimensional solution structures of TxIB,TxID and[S9 A]TxID were determined using NMR spectroscopy.α-CTx TxI B,TxID and[S9 A]TxID represent uniquely selective ligand for probing the structure and function ofα6β2*andα3β4 nA ChR s respectively.It is known about20%people have used drugs recreationally resulting in a substance use disorder finally.Therefore,structural insights derived from these ligands may facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for addiction involvingα6β2*andα3β4 nA ChR s.
文摘This study compared characteristics of Korean American men in two studies: a telephone survey with a random sample of Korean American men who reported daily smoking versus a smoking cessation clinical trial with a convenience sample of Korean American men who reported smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), both studies attempted to explain how much its theoretical variables (attitudes, perceived social norms, and self-efficacy) would explain quit intentions in Korean American men. Participants in the cessation study were less likely to have health insurance coverage (χ2 [2, 271] = 138.31, p = 0.001) than those in the survey study. The cessation group was more likely to smoke in indoor offices (χ2 [1, 231] = 18.09, p = 0.003) and had higher nicotine dependence than the survey group (t269 = 3.32, p = 0.001) but these differences became insignificant when only those who smoked 10 or more cigarettes were compared. Participants in the cessation study had more positive attitudes towards quitting (t267 = 4.99, p < 0.001), stronger perceived social norms favoring quitting (t269 = 5.63, p t268 = 9.86, p < 0.001) at baseline than those in the survey study. Korean American men are more likely to have a quit intention and make a quit attempt when they have more positive and fewer negative attitudes towards quitting and perceive stronger social norms favoring quitting. To motivate Korean American men to quit smoking, clinicians should underscore the immediate health benefits of quitting, promote quitting with cessation aids to reduce perceived risks of quitting in anticipation of withdrawal symptoms, and encourage family members to relate firm anti-smoking messages.
