Previous modeling studies have made significant contributions to understanding the climatic effects of historical land use and land cover change(LULCC).However,the absence of transient land cover simulations may lead ...Previous modeling studies have made significant contributions to understanding the climatic effects of historical land use and land cover change(LULCC).However,the absence of transient land cover simulations may lead to uncertainties or inaccuracies in assessing their impacts.Further investigation of differences between fixed and transient LULCC simulations is needed.Here,we employ the Community Earth System Model(CESM)to analyze contrasting responses of mean and extreme near-surface air temperature to historical land cover change.Our results show that forest cover in Europe generally follows a linear upward trend,while East Asia experiences deforestation processes during the historical period.It is found that temperature changes do not exhibit similar seasonal variation and have regional dependence,with Europe showing more pronounced seasonal variability.It is also demonstrated that using fixed land cover simulations exaggerates the temperature responses,leading to an overestimation of temperatures.In Europe,the overestimation of mean and extreme near-surface air temperature is approximately 0.2℃ and 0.3℃,respectively.However,the overestimation is about 0.1℃ in East Asia.Besides,we further disentangle the local and nonlocal effects in the temperature changes and show that nonlocal atmospheric feedbacks dominate the temperature responses in Europe,while local and nonlocal effects exhibit similar temperature variations in East Asia.Further efforts to explore the nonlocal effects of realistic land cover change could help enhance our understanding of climatic effects of land cover change at midlatitudes.展开更多
On the occasion of the 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Laos,I wish to express,on behalf of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Lao People's Demo...On the occasion of the 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Laos,I wish to express,on behalf of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Lao People's Democratic Republic,our sincere gratitude and highest respect to all friends and personages from various sectors in both countries who have long cared about and supported the development of our bilateral relations.展开更多
With the accelerating aging process of China’s population,the demand for community elderly care services has shown diversified and personalized characteristics.However,problems such as insufficient total care service...With the accelerating aging process of China’s population,the demand for community elderly care services has shown diversified and personalized characteristics.However,problems such as insufficient total care service resources,uneven distribution,and prominent supply-demand contradictions have seriously affected service quality.Big data technology,with core advantages including data collection,analysis and mining,and accurate prediction,provides a new solution for the allocation of community elderly care service resources.This paper systematically studies the application value of big data technology in the allocation of community elderly care service resources from three aspects:resource allocation efficiency,service accuracy,and management intelligence.Combined with practical needs,it proposes optimal allocation strategies such as building a big data analysis platform and accurately grasping the elderly’s care needs,striving to provide operable path references for the construction of community elderly care service systems,promoting the early realization of the elderly care service goal of“adequate support and proper care for the elderly”,and boosting the high-quality development of China’s elderly care service industry.展开更多
Community detection is a fundamental problem in network analysis for identifying densely connected node clusters,with successful applications in diverse fields like social networks,recommendation systems,biology,and c...Community detection is a fundamental problem in network analysis for identifying densely connected node clusters,with successful applications in diverse fields like social networks,recommendation systems,biology,and cyberattack detection.Overlapping community detection refers to the case of a node belonging to multiple communities simultaneously,which is a much more meaningful and challenging task.Graph representation learning with Evolutionary Computation has been studied well in overlapping community detection to deal with complex network structures and characteristics.However,most of them focus on searching the entire solution space,which can be inefficient and lead to inadequate results.To overcome the problem,a structural feature node extraction method is first proposed that can effectively map a network into a structural embedding space.Thus,nodes within the network are classified into hierarchical levels based on their structural feature strength,and only nodes with relatively high strength are considered in subsequent search steps to reduce the search space.Then,a maximal-clique representation method is employed on the given vertex set to identify overlapping nodes.A hybrid clique-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithmwith decomposition method is designed to address cliques and the remaining unexplored nodes separately.The number of communities generated with this allocation method is closer to the actual partition count with high division quality.Experimental results on nine usually used real-world networks,five synthetic networks,and two large-scale networks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in terms of community quality and algorithmic efficiency,compared to traditional,MOEA-based,and graph embedding-based community detection algorithms.展开更多
Community detection is one of the most fundamental applications in understanding the structure of complicated networks.Furthermore,it is an important approach to identifying closely linked clusters of nodes that may r...Community detection is one of the most fundamental applications in understanding the structure of complicated networks.Furthermore,it is an important approach to identifying closely linked clusters of nodes that may represent underlying patterns and relationships.Networking structures are highly sensitive in social networks,requiring advanced techniques to accurately identify the structure of these communities.Most conventional algorithms for detecting communities perform inadequately with complicated networks.In addition,they miss out on accurately identifying clusters.Since single-objective optimization cannot always generate accurate and comprehensive results,as multi-objective optimization can.Therefore,we utilized two objective functions that enable strong connections between communities and weak connections between them.In this study,we utilized the intra function,which has proven effective in state-of-the-art research studies.We proposed a new inter-function that has demonstrated its effectiveness by making the objective of detecting external connections between communities is to make them more distinct and sparse.Furthermore,we proposed a Multi-Objective community strength enhancement algorithm(MOCSE).The proposed algorithm is based on the framework of the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Decomposition(MOEA/D),integrated with a new heuristic mutation strategy,community strength enhancement(CSE).The results demonstrate that the model is effective in accurately identifying community structures while also being computationally efficient.The performance measures used to evaluate the MOEA/D algorithm in our work are normalized mutual information(NMI)and modularity(Q).It was tested using five state-of-the-art algorithms on social networks,comprising real datasets(Zachary,Dolphin,Football,Krebs,SFI,Jazz,and Netscience),as well as twenty synthetic datasets.These results provide the robustness and practical value of the proposed algorithm in multi-objective community identification.展开更多
Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community asse...Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community assembly in virgin and aging MP plastispheres across different habitats is poorly understood.This study aims to assess the variations in bacterial community assembly across different niches and habitats with an in situ ex-periment,in which constructed forest wetland(FW),natural lake wetland(LW),and lotus pond wetland(LP)were habitats,and plastispheres of virgin and aging low-density polyethylene(LDPE)MPs,as well as surround-ing wetland soils were niches.Significant niche-related differences in bacterial communities were observed,with lower diversity and enrichment of potential plastic-degrading bacteria in the plastisphere than in the soil bacterial communities.Furthermore,habitat-related differences exerted a more pronounced influence on the beta-diversity patterns of the bacterial communities.The linear regression analyses indicated that the local species pool con-tributed more to bacterial community assembly in the LW wetland,whereas the relative abundance of species was the primary factor in the LP wetland.The null model analysis indicated that plastisphere bacterial communi-ties were predominantly driven by the stochastic process,with a more deterministic assembly observed in the LP wetland and soil bacterial communities.Additionally,the primary ecological process shaping plastisphere com-munities shifted from drift in the virgin LDPE to homogenising dispersal in the aging LDPE.This study provides new insights into the fate and ecological impacts of MPs in wetlands,thereby facilitating the effective regulations of plastic pollution.展开更多
Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativ...Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativum L.) remain limited.In this study,we systematically investigated the ecological effects of host niches (soil,root,stem,leaf,and pod) and genotypes on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in peas using a multi-level approach that encompassed pattern recognition (β-diversity decomposition),mechanism validation (neutral community model testing),and dynamic tracking methods (migration pathway source-tracking).The results revealed that the dominant fungal phyla across niches and genotypes were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota,and the community structures of the soil–plant continuum were primarily determined by the pea niches rather than genotypes.β-diversity decomposition was largely attributed to species replacement rather than richness differences,indicating strong niche specificity and microbial replacement across microhabitats.Neutral model analysis revealed that stochastic processes influenced genotypeassociated communities,while deterministic processes played a dominant role in niche-based community assembly.Source-tracking analysis identified niche-to-niche fungal migration,with Erysiphe,Fusarium,Cephaliophora,Ascobolus,Alternaria,and Aspergillus as the key genera.Migration rates from exogenous to endogenous niches were low (1.3–61.5%),whereas those within exogenous (64.4–83.7%) or endogenous (73.9–96.4%) compartments were much higher,suggesting that the pea epidermis acts as a selective barrier that filters and enriches microbial communities prior to internal colonization.This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of host filtering,enrichment and microbial sourcing,which increases our understanding of the assembly rules of the pea-associated fungal microbiome.展开更多
The root-to-shoot(R/S)ratio is a critical indicator of the balance between root biomass and shoot biomass,representing the ecological strategies and adaptive responses of plants to environmental conditions.However,the...The root-to-shoot(R/S)ratio is a critical indicator of the balance between root biomass and shoot biomass,representing the ecological strategies and adaptive responses of plants to environmental conditions.However,the patterns of change in community R/S ratios during forest succession and their response to moisture levels across broad geographic gradients remains unclear.Based on forest biomass data from a national field inventory of 5,825 plots conducted across China between 2011 and 2015,this study looked into allocating biomass shoots and roots at the early,middle,and late stages of growth in plantations and succession in natural forests,and evaluated how moisture availability influences this allocation.The results revealed a significant decline in R/S ratios from early to late stages for both plantations and natural forests.Shoot and root biomass in plantations grew isometrically during the early and middle succession stages but shifted to allometric growth in the late stage,with the slope of the log-transformed shoot-root biomass relationship differing significantly across growth stages.Natural forests,in contrast,maintained isometric growth across successional stages,showing no significant variation in the slope of the log-transformed shoot-root biomass relationship.Environmental factors,particularly moisture levels,strongly influenced R/S ratios.Moisture levels significantly affected size-corrected R/S ratios,particularly in the middle stage of plantations and the early and middle stages of natural forests,supporting the hypothesis of optimal allocation.These findings suggest that in water-limited regions,forest management should prioritize drought-tolerant,deep-rooted native species,encourage mixed-species planting in the early stage,and reduce logging intensity in mature plantations.Conserving natural forests to maintain successional dynamics is essential for long-term ecological resilience.These findings emphasize the importance of balancing productivity with ecological sustainability by adapting practices to specific environments and forest types under climate change.展开更多
Prolonged droughts have emerged as a major impediment to the revitalization of pastoral regions worldwide because they significantly augment their susceptibility to the deleterious effects of global climate change,ove...Prolonged droughts have emerged as a major impediment to the revitalization of pastoral regions worldwide because they significantly augment their susceptibility to the deleterious effects of global climate change,overgrazing,and land degradation.This study,conducted in 106 pastoral villages across 33 pastoral banners of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China between August 2021 and October 2022,used a community resilience evaluation indicator system to assess drought resistance.By calculating a community resilience index,the research explored influencing factors and proposed countermeasures,aiming to enhance resilience to prolonged drought.The results revealed three key findings.1)Pastoral areas exhibited a limited degree of community resilience to drought disasters(overall score=0.28),with resilience levels forming a pyramid-shaped hierarchy.2)Dimensional analysis showed that resilience scores decreased sequentially across five domains:social(0.53)>cultural(0.44)>environmental(0.38)>economic(0.32)>management(0.27).These results highlight the crucial role of economic and management resilience in enhancing community resilience,particularly when accompanied by pre-and post-disaster government support and social security,both of which must be improved.3)Key factors influencing community resilience included geographical location,traffic accessibility,and frequency and severity of droughts.From a drought resilience perspective,targeted strategies and recommendations are proposed to provide novel and practical approaches for achieving sustainable development in pastoral areas and rural regions as a whole.展开更多
Microorganisms are crucial for the breakdown of proteins and lipids in dry-fermented sausages and are intimately associated with the flavor profile of sausages.In this study,we used a mixed starter culture to ferment ...Microorganisms are crucial for the breakdown of proteins and lipids in dry-fermented sausages and are intimately associated with the flavor profile of sausages.In this study,we used a mixed starter culture to ferment sausages and investigated the flavor turnover.During the fermentation of salami,the data from free amino acids(FAAs),free fatty acids(FFAs)and volatile flavor substances were used to assess the quality of salami.At the end of fermentation,the total FAAs increased from 1171.32 to 4582.48 mg/kg in the control group and 5053.25 mg/kg in the experimental group.Additionally,following inoculation with the mixed starter culture,the levels of glutamic acid,lysine,methionine,valine and leucine were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those in the control group.Oleic acid(C_(18:1))and chondritic acid(C_(16:0))were the two most abundant FFAs in both salami samples with 45.86%and 26.07%on the 23^(th)day in mixed culture inoculated salami.The mixed starter inoculated group had significantly lower saturated fatty acids and higher percentage levels of monounsaturated fatty acids than the control group(P<0.05).In the volatile flavor substance analysis,a total of 61 volatile compounds were found.Ester compounds were progressively enriched with drying time,significantly increasing the flavor substances,like ethyl diphosgene,1-octen-3-ol,and 2,3-butanediol at P<0.05.The correlation analysis between the core flora and volatile flavor compounds during fermentation and maturation of salami indicates Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were significantly higher and positively correlated with the major volatile organic compounds,which are the key core microorganisms affecting the flavor quality of fermented sausages.展开更多
In this work,ofloxacin(OFL),a kind of frequently detected antibiotic in groundwater,was selected to explore its impact(at ng/L-μg/L-level)on denitrification performance in an autotrophic denitrification system driven...In this work,ofloxacin(OFL),a kind of frequently detected antibiotic in groundwater,was selected to explore its impact(at ng/L-μg/L-level)on denitrification performance in an autotrophic denitrification system driven by pyrite/sulfur(FeS2/S0).Results showed that OFL restrained nitrate removal efficiency,and the inhibition degree was positively related to the concentration of OFL.After being exposed to increased OFL(200 ng/L-100μg/L)for 69 days,higher inhibition of electron transport activity(ETSA),enzyme activities of nitrate reductase(NAR),and nitrite reductase(NIR)were acquired.Meanwhile,the extracellular protein(PN)content of sludge samples was remarkably stimulated by OFL to resist the augmented toxicity.OFL contributed to increased microbial diversity and sulfur/sulfide oxidation functional genes in ng/L-level bioreactors,whereas led to a decline inμg/L level experiments.With OFL at concentrations of 200 ng/L and 100μg/L,the whole expression of 10 key denitrification functional genes was depressed,and the higher the OFL concentration,the lower the expression level.However,no significant proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)either in 200 ng/L-OFL or 100μg/L-OFL groups was observed.Two-factor correlation analysis results indicated that Thiobacillus,Anaerolineae,Anaerolineales,and Nitrospirae might be the main hosts of existing ARGs in this system.展开更多
On February 5, the Dialogue on Building a China-Laos Community with a Shared Future, themed “Focusing on the ‘Action Plan,’ Creating a Better Future Together,” took place in Vientiane, Laos.The opening ceremony fe...On February 5, the Dialogue on Building a China-Laos Community with a Shared Future, themed “Focusing on the ‘Action Plan,’ Creating a Better Future Together,” took place in Vientiane, Laos.The opening ceremony featured speeches by several distinguished vips including Fang Hong, Chinese ambassador to Laos, Daosavanh Kheugmixai, vice president of the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration, Yu Yunquan, vice president of the China International Communications Group (CICG),Sakhon Phommalat, deputy head of the Propaganda and Training Board of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (LPRP) Central Committee, Sun Jisheng, vice president of China Foreign Affairs University (CFAU),and Vadthuninyom Duangmala,president of the Diplomatic Academy of Laos.展开更多
As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given m...As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given me a deeper appreciation of the importance of people-to-people exchanges between China and Africa.展开更多
In the countryside of east Zhejiang Province,a quiet village has hit a home run.Xujiadai,once a place known for pig farming and environmental pollution,is drawing visitors from across China with a sport still uncommon...In the countryside of east Zhejiang Province,a quiet village has hit a home run.Xujiadai,once a place known for pig farming and environmental pollution,is drawing visitors from across China with a sport still uncommon in the country:baseball.展开更多
In 2021,approximately 537 million people suffered from diabetes mellitus(DM)globally,and this figure will increase to approximately 783 million within the next quarter-century.The increasing burden of DM is a pressing...In 2021,approximately 537 million people suffered from diabetes mellitus(DM)globally,and this figure will increase to approximately 783 million within the next quarter-century.The increasing burden of DM is a pressing global public health issue.Therefore,the early identification of high-risk groups and implementation of effective intervention measures is imperative.展开更多
Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacte...Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].展开更多
Using the low-resolution （T31, equivalent to 3.75°× 3.75°） version of the Community Earth System Model （CESM） from the National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCAR）, a global climate simulation ...Using the low-resolution （T31, equivalent to 3.75°× 3.75°） version of the Community Earth System Model （CESM） from the National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCAR）, a global climate simulation was carried out with fixed external forcing factors （1850 Common Era. （C.E.） conditions） for the past 2000 years. Based on the simulated results, spatio-temporal structures of surface air temperature, precipitation and internal variability, such as the E1 Nifio-Southem Oscillation （ENSO）, the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscilla- tion （AMO）, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, and the North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO）, were compared with reanalysis datasets to evaluate the model performance. The results are as follows： 1） CESM showed a good performance in the long-term simulation and no significant climate drift over the past 2000 years; 2） climatological patterns of global and regional climate changes simulated by the CESM were reasonable compared with the reanalysis datasets; and 3） the CESM simulated internal natural variability of the climate system performs very well. The model not only reproduced the periodicity of ENSO, AMO and PDO events but also the 3-8 years vari- ability of the ENSO. The spatial distribution of the CESM-simulated NAO was also similar to the observed. However, because of weaker total irradiation and greenhouse gas concentration forcing in the simulation than the present, the model performances had some differences from the observations. Generally, the CESM showed a good performance in simulating the global climate and internal natu- ral variability of the climate system. This paves the way for other forced climate simulations for the past 2000 years by using the CESM.展开更多
Rice seedling blight,caused by various fungi,including Fusarium oxysporum,poses a severe threat to rice production.As awareness grows regarding the environmental and safety hazards associated with the application of f...Rice seedling blight,caused by various fungi,including Fusarium oxysporum,poses a severe threat to rice production.As awareness grows regarding the environmental and safety hazards associated with the application of fungicides for managing rice seedling blight,there has been a shift in focus towards biological control agents.In this study,we isolated biocontrol bacteria from paddy fields that significantly inhibited the growth of F.oxysporum in vitro and identified the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T40 and Bacillus pumilus T208.Additionally,our findings indicated that the combined application of these Bacillus strains in soil was more effective in reducing the incidence of rice seedling blight than their individual use.Analysis of 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequencing data revealed that the mixture of the T40 and T208 strains exhibited the lowest average clustering coefficients,which were negatively correlated with the biomass of F.oxysporum-inoculated rice seedlings.Furthermore,this mixture led to higher stochastic assembly(average|βNTI|<2)and reduced selection pressures on rice rhizosphere bacteria compared with individual strain applications.The mixture of the T40 and T208 strains also significantly increased the expression of defense-related genes.In conclusion,the mixture of the T40 and T208 strains effectively modulates microbial community structures,enhances microbial network stability,and boosts the resistance against rice seedling blight.Our study supports the development and utilization of biological resources for crop protection.展开更多
Rice-fish coculture(RFC)has aroused extensive concern for its contribution to food security and resource conservation,but whether it can improve soil phosphorus(P)availability and affect microbe-mediated P turnover re...Rice-fish coculture(RFC)has aroused extensive concern for its contribution to food security and resource conservation,but whether it can improve soil phosphorus(P)availability and affect microbe-mediated P turnover remains elusive.Herein,we conducted a microcosm experiment to assess the impacts of RFC combined with(50 mg P kg^(-1)as KH2PO4)and without inorganic P addition on P fractions,P availability,and phoD-harboring bacterial community composition.The results revealed that RFC without P addition significantly improved P availability and phosphatase activity in paddy soil,while soil available P(AP),pH,and microbial biomass P(MBP)contributed to regulating P fractions.Moreover,the phoD-harboring bacterial abundance was linked to phosphatase activity,AP,total carbon(TC),and total P(TP)contents,and the ratios of TC to total nitrogen(TN)and TN to TP.We also found that the keystone taxa of phoD-harboring bacteria contributed to phosphatase production as well as organic P mineralization,thereby improving P availability.Our findings suggest that RFC without P addition is beneficial for promoting the expression of phoD-harboring bacterial functions to improve the capacity of P mineralization.Overall,our study provides insights into the responses of phoD-harboring bacterial functions for P turnover to RFC combined with and without P addition,showing the potential utilization of P resources in agricultural soil and the contribution of phosphatase activity to P acquisition in agriculture ecosystem.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0801601).
文摘Previous modeling studies have made significant contributions to understanding the climatic effects of historical land use and land cover change(LULCC).However,the absence of transient land cover simulations may lead to uncertainties or inaccuracies in assessing their impacts.Further investigation of differences between fixed and transient LULCC simulations is needed.Here,we employ the Community Earth System Model(CESM)to analyze contrasting responses of mean and extreme near-surface air temperature to historical land cover change.Our results show that forest cover in Europe generally follows a linear upward trend,while East Asia experiences deforestation processes during the historical period.It is found that temperature changes do not exhibit similar seasonal variation and have regional dependence,with Europe showing more pronounced seasonal variability.It is also demonstrated that using fixed land cover simulations exaggerates the temperature responses,leading to an overestimation of temperatures.In Europe,the overestimation of mean and extreme near-surface air temperature is approximately 0.2℃ and 0.3℃,respectively.However,the overestimation is about 0.1℃ in East Asia.Besides,we further disentangle the local and nonlocal effects in the temperature changes and show that nonlocal atmospheric feedbacks dominate the temperature responses in Europe,while local and nonlocal effects exhibit similar temperature variations in East Asia.Further efforts to explore the nonlocal effects of realistic land cover change could help enhance our understanding of climatic effects of land cover change at midlatitudes.
文摘On the occasion of the 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Laos,I wish to express,on behalf of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Lao People's Democratic Republic,our sincere gratitude and highest respect to all friends and personages from various sectors in both countries who have long cared about and supported the development of our bilateral relations.
文摘With the accelerating aging process of China’s population,the demand for community elderly care services has shown diversified and personalized characteristics.However,problems such as insufficient total care service resources,uneven distribution,and prominent supply-demand contradictions have seriously affected service quality.Big data technology,with core advantages including data collection,analysis and mining,and accurate prediction,provides a new solution for the allocation of community elderly care service resources.This paper systematically studies the application value of big data technology in the allocation of community elderly care service resources from three aspects:resource allocation efficiency,service accuracy,and management intelligence.Combined with practical needs,it proposes optimal allocation strategies such as building a big data analysis platform and accurately grasping the elderly’s care needs,striving to provide operable path references for the construction of community elderly care service systems,promoting the early realization of the elderly care service goal of“adequate support and proper care for the elderly”,and boosting the high-quality development of China’s elderly care service industry.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62473176,62073155,62002137,62106088,and 62206113National Key Laboratory of Ship Structural Safety underGrant 450324300the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Programof Jiangsu Province under Grant KYCX24_2642.
文摘Community detection is a fundamental problem in network analysis for identifying densely connected node clusters,with successful applications in diverse fields like social networks,recommendation systems,biology,and cyberattack detection.Overlapping community detection refers to the case of a node belonging to multiple communities simultaneously,which is a much more meaningful and challenging task.Graph representation learning with Evolutionary Computation has been studied well in overlapping community detection to deal with complex network structures and characteristics.However,most of them focus on searching the entire solution space,which can be inefficient and lead to inadequate results.To overcome the problem,a structural feature node extraction method is first proposed that can effectively map a network into a structural embedding space.Thus,nodes within the network are classified into hierarchical levels based on their structural feature strength,and only nodes with relatively high strength are considered in subsequent search steps to reduce the search space.Then,a maximal-clique representation method is employed on the given vertex set to identify overlapping nodes.A hybrid clique-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithmwith decomposition method is designed to address cliques and the remaining unexplored nodes separately.The number of communities generated with this allocation method is closer to the actual partition count with high division quality.Experimental results on nine usually used real-world networks,five synthetic networks,and two large-scale networks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in terms of community quality and algorithmic efficiency,compared to traditional,MOEA-based,and graph embedding-based community detection algorithms.
文摘Community detection is one of the most fundamental applications in understanding the structure of complicated networks.Furthermore,it is an important approach to identifying closely linked clusters of nodes that may represent underlying patterns and relationships.Networking structures are highly sensitive in social networks,requiring advanced techniques to accurately identify the structure of these communities.Most conventional algorithms for detecting communities perform inadequately with complicated networks.In addition,they miss out on accurately identifying clusters.Since single-objective optimization cannot always generate accurate and comprehensive results,as multi-objective optimization can.Therefore,we utilized two objective functions that enable strong connections between communities and weak connections between them.In this study,we utilized the intra function,which has proven effective in state-of-the-art research studies.We proposed a new inter-function that has demonstrated its effectiveness by making the objective of detecting external connections between communities is to make them more distinct and sparse.Furthermore,we proposed a Multi-Objective community strength enhancement algorithm(MOCSE).The proposed algorithm is based on the framework of the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Decomposition(MOEA/D),integrated with a new heuristic mutation strategy,community strength enhancement(CSE).The results demonstrate that the model is effective in accurately identifying community structures while also being computationally efficient.The performance measures used to evaluate the MOEA/D algorithm in our work are normalized mutual information(NMI)and modularity(Q).It was tested using five state-of-the-art algorithms on social networks,comprising real datasets(Zachary,Dolphin,Football,Krebs,SFI,Jazz,and Netscience),as well as twenty synthetic datasets.These results provide the robustness and practical value of the proposed algorithm in multi-objective community identification.
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation,China(No.21ZR1446800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41877425)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2024-00052)。
文摘Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community assembly in virgin and aging MP plastispheres across different habitats is poorly understood.This study aims to assess the variations in bacterial community assembly across different niches and habitats with an in situ ex-periment,in which constructed forest wetland(FW),natural lake wetland(LW),and lotus pond wetland(LP)were habitats,and plastispheres of virgin and aging low-density polyethylene(LDPE)MPs,as well as surround-ing wetland soils were niches.Significant niche-related differences in bacterial communities were observed,with lower diversity and enrichment of potential plastic-degrading bacteria in the plastisphere than in the soil bacterial communities.Furthermore,habitat-related differences exerted a more pronounced influence on the beta-diversity patterns of the bacterial communities.The linear regression analyses indicated that the local species pool con-tributed more to bacterial community assembly in the LW wetland,whereas the relative abundance of species was the primary factor in the LP wetland.The null model analysis indicated that plastisphere bacterial communi-ties were predominantly driven by the stochastic process,with a more deterministic assembly observed in the LP wetland and soil bacterial communities.Additionally,the primary ecological process shaping plastisphere com-munities shifted from drift in the virgin LDPE to homogenising dispersal in the aging LDPE.This study provides new insights into the fate and ecological impacts of MPs in wetlands,thereby facilitating the effective regulations of plastic pollution.
基金financial y supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1900902)the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LLSSZ24C030001)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-08-G-09)sponsored by the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University,China。
文摘Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativum L.) remain limited.In this study,we systematically investigated the ecological effects of host niches (soil,root,stem,leaf,and pod) and genotypes on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in peas using a multi-level approach that encompassed pattern recognition (β-diversity decomposition),mechanism validation (neutral community model testing),and dynamic tracking methods (migration pathway source-tracking).The results revealed that the dominant fungal phyla across niches and genotypes were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota,and the community structures of the soil–plant continuum were primarily determined by the pea niches rather than genotypes.β-diversity decomposition was largely attributed to species replacement rather than richness differences,indicating strong niche specificity and microbial replacement across microhabitats.Neutral model analysis revealed that stochastic processes influenced genotypeassociated communities,while deterministic processes played a dominant role in niche-based community assembly.Source-tracking analysis identified niche-to-niche fungal migration,with Erysiphe,Fusarium,Cephaliophora,Ascobolus,Alternaria,and Aspergillus as the key genera.Migration rates from exogenous to endogenous niches were low (1.3–61.5%),whereas those within exogenous (64.4–83.7%) or endogenous (73.9–96.4%) compartments were much higher,suggesting that the pea epidermis acts as a selective barrier that filters and enriches microbial communities prior to internal colonization.This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of host filtering,enrichment and microbial sourcing,which increases our understanding of the assembly rules of the pea-associated fungal microbiome.
基金supported by the China National Science Foundation(No.42130506,42071031)the Special Technology Innovation Fund of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality in Jiangsu Province(BK20231515)+1 种基金the Spanish Government grant PID2022-140808NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033the Catalan Government grants SGR 2021-1333 and AGAUR2023 CLIMA 00118.
文摘The root-to-shoot(R/S)ratio is a critical indicator of the balance between root biomass and shoot biomass,representing the ecological strategies and adaptive responses of plants to environmental conditions.However,the patterns of change in community R/S ratios during forest succession and their response to moisture levels across broad geographic gradients remains unclear.Based on forest biomass data from a national field inventory of 5,825 plots conducted across China between 2011 and 2015,this study looked into allocating biomass shoots and roots at the early,middle,and late stages of growth in plantations and succession in natural forests,and evaluated how moisture availability influences this allocation.The results revealed a significant decline in R/S ratios from early to late stages for both plantations and natural forests.Shoot and root biomass in plantations grew isometrically during the early and middle succession stages but shifted to allometric growth in the late stage,with the slope of the log-transformed shoot-root biomass relationship differing significantly across growth stages.Natural forests,in contrast,maintained isometric growth across successional stages,showing no significant variation in the slope of the log-transformed shoot-root biomass relationship.Environmental factors,particularly moisture levels,strongly influenced R/S ratios.Moisture levels significantly affected size-corrected R/S ratios,particularly in the middle stage of plantations and the early and middle stages of natural forests,supporting the hypothesis of optimal allocation.These findings suggest that in water-limited regions,forest management should prioritize drought-tolerant,deep-rooted native species,encourage mixed-species planting in the early stage,and reduce logging intensity in mature plantations.Conserving natural forests to maintain successional dynamics is essential for long-term ecological resilience.These findings emphasize the importance of balancing productivity with ecological sustainability by adapting practices to specific environments and forest types under climate change.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the Chinese and Russian Governments(No.2023YFE0111300)National Social Science Fund of China(No.23BGL204)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(No.2022MS04001)。
文摘Prolonged droughts have emerged as a major impediment to the revitalization of pastoral regions worldwide because they significantly augment their susceptibility to the deleterious effects of global climate change,overgrazing,and land degradation.This study,conducted in 106 pastoral villages across 33 pastoral banners of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China between August 2021 and October 2022,used a community resilience evaluation indicator system to assess drought resistance.By calculating a community resilience index,the research explored influencing factors and proposed countermeasures,aiming to enhance resilience to prolonged drought.The results revealed three key findings.1)Pastoral areas exhibited a limited degree of community resilience to drought disasters(overall score=0.28),with resilience levels forming a pyramid-shaped hierarchy.2)Dimensional analysis showed that resilience scores decreased sequentially across five domains:social(0.53)>cultural(0.44)>environmental(0.38)>economic(0.32)>management(0.27).These results highlight the crucial role of economic and management resilience in enhancing community resilience,particularly when accompanied by pre-and post-disaster government support and social security,both of which must be improved.3)Key factors influencing community resilience included geographical location,traffic accessibility,and frequency and severity of droughts.From a drought resilience perspective,targeted strategies and recommendations are proposed to provide novel and practical approaches for achieving sustainable development in pastoral areas and rural regions as a whole.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100104)Henan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Fund(231100110400).
文摘Microorganisms are crucial for the breakdown of proteins and lipids in dry-fermented sausages and are intimately associated with the flavor profile of sausages.In this study,we used a mixed starter culture to ferment sausages and investigated the flavor turnover.During the fermentation of salami,the data from free amino acids(FAAs),free fatty acids(FFAs)and volatile flavor substances were used to assess the quality of salami.At the end of fermentation,the total FAAs increased from 1171.32 to 4582.48 mg/kg in the control group and 5053.25 mg/kg in the experimental group.Additionally,following inoculation with the mixed starter culture,the levels of glutamic acid,lysine,methionine,valine and leucine were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those in the control group.Oleic acid(C_(18:1))and chondritic acid(C_(16:0))were the two most abundant FFAs in both salami samples with 45.86%and 26.07%on the 23^(th)day in mixed culture inoculated salami.The mixed starter inoculated group had significantly lower saturated fatty acids and higher percentage levels of monounsaturated fatty acids than the control group(P<0.05).In the volatile flavor substance analysis,a total of 61 volatile compounds were found.Ester compounds were progressively enriched with drying time,significantly increasing the flavor substances,like ethyl diphosgene,1-octen-3-ol,and 2,3-butanediol at P<0.05.The correlation analysis between the core flora and volatile flavor compounds during fermentation and maturation of salami indicates Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were significantly higher and positively correlated with the major volatile organic compounds,which are the key core microorganisms affecting the flavor quality of fermented sausages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42377083)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(No.2025 ZNSFSC0433).
文摘In this work,ofloxacin(OFL),a kind of frequently detected antibiotic in groundwater,was selected to explore its impact(at ng/L-μg/L-level)on denitrification performance in an autotrophic denitrification system driven by pyrite/sulfur(FeS2/S0).Results showed that OFL restrained nitrate removal efficiency,and the inhibition degree was positively related to the concentration of OFL.After being exposed to increased OFL(200 ng/L-100μg/L)for 69 days,higher inhibition of electron transport activity(ETSA),enzyme activities of nitrate reductase(NAR),and nitrite reductase(NIR)were acquired.Meanwhile,the extracellular protein(PN)content of sludge samples was remarkably stimulated by OFL to resist the augmented toxicity.OFL contributed to increased microbial diversity and sulfur/sulfide oxidation functional genes in ng/L-level bioreactors,whereas led to a decline inμg/L level experiments.With OFL at concentrations of 200 ng/L and 100μg/L,the whole expression of 10 key denitrification functional genes was depressed,and the higher the OFL concentration,the lower the expression level.However,no significant proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)either in 200 ng/L-OFL or 100μg/L-OFL groups was observed.Two-factor correlation analysis results indicated that Thiobacillus,Anaerolineae,Anaerolineales,and Nitrospirae might be the main hosts of existing ARGs in this system.
文摘On February 5, the Dialogue on Building a China-Laos Community with a Shared Future, themed “Focusing on the ‘Action Plan,’ Creating a Better Future Together,” took place in Vientiane, Laos.The opening ceremony featured speeches by several distinguished vips including Fang Hong, Chinese ambassador to Laos, Daosavanh Kheugmixai, vice president of the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration, Yu Yunquan, vice president of the China International Communications Group (CICG),Sakhon Phommalat, deputy head of the Propaganda and Training Board of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (LPRP) Central Committee, Sun Jisheng, vice president of China Foreign Affairs University (CFAU),and Vadthuninyom Duangmala,president of the Diplomatic Academy of Laos.
文摘As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given me a deeper appreciation of the importance of people-to-people exchanges between China and Africa.
文摘In the countryside of east Zhejiang Province,a quiet village has hit a home run.Xujiadai,once a place known for pig farming and environmental pollution,is drawing visitors from across China with a sport still uncommon in the country:baseball.
基金supported by the Research Funds of the Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM(grant number JKS2022015)the Key Scientific Research Fund of the Anhui Provincial Education Department(grant number2023AH050610)the Anhui Natural Science Foundation(grant number 1808085QH252)。
文摘In 2021,approximately 537 million people suffered from diabetes mellitus(DM)globally,and this figure will increase to approximately 783 million within the next quarter-century.The increasing burden of DM is a pressing global public health issue.Therefore,the early identification of high-risk groups and implementation of effective intervention measures is imperative.
文摘Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].
基金Under the auspices of National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB950102)Strategic and Special Frontier Project of Science and Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA05080800)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371209,41420104002)Special Research Fund for Doctoral Discipline of Higher Education Institutions(No.20133207110015)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.14KJA170002)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.164320H101)
文摘Using the low-resolution （T31, equivalent to 3.75°× 3.75°） version of the Community Earth System Model （CESM） from the National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCAR）, a global climate simulation was carried out with fixed external forcing factors （1850 Common Era. （C.E.） conditions） for the past 2000 years. Based on the simulated results, spatio-temporal structures of surface air temperature, precipitation and internal variability, such as the E1 Nifio-Southem Oscillation （ENSO）, the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscilla- tion （AMO）, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, and the North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO）, were compared with reanalysis datasets to evaluate the model performance. The results are as follows： 1） CESM showed a good performance in the long-term simulation and no significant climate drift over the past 2000 years; 2） climatological patterns of global and regional climate changes simulated by the CESM were reasonable compared with the reanalysis datasets; and 3） the CESM simulated internal natural variability of the climate system performs very well. The model not only reproduced the periodicity of ENSO, AMO and PDO events but also the 3-8 years vari- ability of the ENSO. The spatial distribution of the CESM-simulated NAO was also similar to the observed. However, because of weaker total irradiation and greenhouse gas concentration forcing in the simulation than the present, the model performances had some differences from the observations. Generally, the CESM showed a good performance in simulating the global climate and internal natu- ral variability of the climate system. This paves the way for other forced climate simulations for the past 2000 years by using the CESM.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LQ24C010007)Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Rice New Variety Breeding,China(Grant No.2021C02063)+4 种基金the Agricultural Sciences and Technologies Innovation Program,China(Grant No.CAAS-CSCB-202301)the Key Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LZ23C130002)the Youth Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.Y2023QC22)the Joint Open Competitive Project of the Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory and China National Seed Company Limited(Grant Nos.B23YQ1514 and B23CQ15EP)the External Cooperation Projects of Biotechnology Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(Grant No.DWHZ2024-07).
文摘Rice seedling blight,caused by various fungi,including Fusarium oxysporum,poses a severe threat to rice production.As awareness grows regarding the environmental and safety hazards associated with the application of fungicides for managing rice seedling blight,there has been a shift in focus towards biological control agents.In this study,we isolated biocontrol bacteria from paddy fields that significantly inhibited the growth of F.oxysporum in vitro and identified the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T40 and Bacillus pumilus T208.Additionally,our findings indicated that the combined application of these Bacillus strains in soil was more effective in reducing the incidence of rice seedling blight than their individual use.Analysis of 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequencing data revealed that the mixture of the T40 and T208 strains exhibited the lowest average clustering coefficients,which were negatively correlated with the biomass of F.oxysporum-inoculated rice seedlings.Furthermore,this mixture led to higher stochastic assembly(average|βNTI|<2)and reduced selection pressures on rice rhizosphere bacteria compared with individual strain applications.The mixture of the T40 and T208 strains also significantly increased the expression of defense-related genes.In conclusion,the mixture of the T40 and T208 strains effectively modulates microbial community structures,enhances microbial network stability,and boosts the resistance against rice seedling blight.Our study supports the development and utilization of biological resources for crop protection.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021B0202030002)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(No.2019B030301007)+2 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Special Project of Rural Revitalization Strategy,China(No.(2021)12)the Joint Team Project of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,China(No.NT2021010)the Innovation Team Construction Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Systems of Guangdong Province,China(No.2022KJ105).
文摘Rice-fish coculture(RFC)has aroused extensive concern for its contribution to food security and resource conservation,but whether it can improve soil phosphorus(P)availability and affect microbe-mediated P turnover remains elusive.Herein,we conducted a microcosm experiment to assess the impacts of RFC combined with(50 mg P kg^(-1)as KH2PO4)and without inorganic P addition on P fractions,P availability,and phoD-harboring bacterial community composition.The results revealed that RFC without P addition significantly improved P availability and phosphatase activity in paddy soil,while soil available P(AP),pH,and microbial biomass P(MBP)contributed to regulating P fractions.Moreover,the phoD-harboring bacterial abundance was linked to phosphatase activity,AP,total carbon(TC),and total P(TP)contents,and the ratios of TC to total nitrogen(TN)and TN to TP.We also found that the keystone taxa of phoD-harboring bacteria contributed to phosphatase production as well as organic P mineralization,thereby improving P availability.Our findings suggest that RFC without P addition is beneficial for promoting the expression of phoD-harboring bacterial functions to improve the capacity of P mineralization.Overall,our study provides insights into the responses of phoD-harboring bacterial functions for P turnover to RFC combined with and without P addition,showing the potential utilization of P resources in agricultural soil and the contribution of phosphatase activity to P acquisition in agriculture ecosystem.
