The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4A...The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4AGE project of the Joint Programming InitiativeA Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life',focuses on the rational design of functional foods for older adults.A co-extruded cereal prototype,fortified with two bioactive moieties,maca root powder and olive leaf extract,aims to address nutritional gaps identified in older adults,with a particular emphasis on high-quality and highly digestible proteins.Analytical determinations reveal the cereals have rich macronutrient profile exceeding 12%(m/m)protein,20%(m/m)fat,and low sugar(<5%,m/m),surpassing commercially available products with texture analyses supporting improved hardness,reduced oral friction and oral comfort.An untrained consumer panel(n=21,age 73±5)confirmed high palatability in various metrics and overall acceptability that were also affirmed through a trained sensory panel.Lastly,the product digestion was explored through an age-tailored in vitro digestion model which consistently demonstrated high protein digestibility,surpassing 80%,across all product formulations.Further,calculation of the in vitro digestible indispensable amino acid score of the product affirms its high nutritional quality.Thus,this study underscores the potential of designing palatable foods that could help promote a balanced and sustainable diet towards healthy aging.展开更多
China is a leading country in the production of several minor cereals such as foxtail millet,Job's tears,naked oat,and naked barley.Sorghum and proso millet have also contributed greatly to Chinese agriculture.Fox...China is a leading country in the production of several minor cereals such as foxtail millet,Job's tears,naked oat,and naked barley.Sorghum and proso millet have also contributed greatly to Chinese agriculture.Foxtail millet,sorghum,barley,and proso millet were widely grown as major crops 60 years ago,and the reduction in their cultivation area reflects historical changes in Chinese agriculture over the past decades.Systematic germplasm collections from the 1950 s to the 1990 s gathered more than 66,690 accessions of these minor cereals,and for some of them,the Chinese germplasm collections are the largest in the world;for example,the 27,700 accessions of foxtail millet.Germplasm evaluations of each cereal species have focused mainly on drought tolerance,nutritional quality,and resistance to their main diseases.Comparisons among lines and selection of those with desirable traits were the main breeding methods for minor cereals in the 1950 s and 1960 s,but these methods were replaced by crossbreeding in the 1970 s.Newly developed cultivars have greatly changed the production situation,and many super cultivars have become milestones in crop breeding history.In this review,we describe the distribution and ecoregions,origin and domestication,and landmark varieties of several minor cereals in China.Nearly all of the minor cereals are drought-tolerant and fertilizer-efficient.The requirements for environmentally friendly crops and a more diverse food supply for humans and animals provide new opportunities to cultivate minor cereals in the drier and warmer environmental conditions that are predicted in the future.展开更多
AIM： To test the effect of the dephytinization of three different commercial infant cereals on iron, calcium, and zinc bioavailability by estimating the uptake, retention, and transport by Caco-2 cells. METHODS： Bot...AIM： To test the effect of the dephytinization of three different commercial infant cereals on iron, calcium, and zinc bioavailability by estimating the uptake, retention, and transport by Caco-2 cells. METHODS： Both dephytinized （by adding an exogenous phytase） and non-dephytinized infant cereals were digested using an in vitro digestion protocol adapted to the gastrointestinal conditions of infants younger than 6 too. Mineral cell retention, transport, and uptake from infant cereals were measured using the soluble fraction of the simulated digestion and the Caco-2 cells. RESULTS： Dephytinization of infant cereals significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） the cell uptake efficiency （from 0.66%-6.05% to 3.93%-13%）, retention （from 6.04%-16.68% to 14.75%-20.14%） and transport efficiency （from 0.14%-2.21% to 1.47%-6.02%）, of iron, and the uptake efficiency （from 5.0%-35.4% to 7.3%-41.6%） and retention （from 4.05%-20.53% to 14.45%-61.3%） of zinc, whereas calcium only cell uptake showed a significant increase （P 〈 0.05） after removing phytate from most of the samples analyzed. A positive relationship （P 〈 0.05） between mineral solubility and the cell uptake and transport efficiencies was observed. CONCLUSION： Removing phytate from infant cereals had a beneficial effect on iron and zinc bioavailability when infant cereals were reconstituted with water. Since in developing countries cereal-based complementary foods for infants are usually consumed mixed with water, exogenous phytase additions could improve the nutritional value of this weaning food.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd) is an element that is nonessential and extremely toxic to both plants and human beings. Soil contaminated with Cd has adverse impacts on crop yields and threatens human health via the food chain. Cultivati...Cadmium(Cd) is an element that is nonessential and extremely toxic to both plants and human beings. Soil contaminated with Cd has adverse impacts on crop yields and threatens human health via the food chain. Cultivation of low-Cd cultivars has been of particular interest and is one of the most cost-effective and promising approaches to minimize human dietary intake of Cd. Low-Cd crop cultivars should meet particular criteria, including acceptable yield and quality, and their edible parts should have Cd concentrations below maximum permissible concentrations for safe consumption, even when grown in Cd-contaminated soil. Several low-Cd cereal cultivars and genotypes have been developed worldwide through cultivar screening and conventional breeding. Molecular markers are powerful in facilitating the selection of low-Cd cereal cultivars. Modern molecular breeding technologies may have great potential in breeding programs for the development of low-Cd cultivars, especially when coupled with conventional breeding. In this review, we provide a synthesis of low-Cd cereal breeding.展开更多
AIM： To determine the GI of some cereals and tubers produced in China in an effort to establish the database of glycemic index （GI） of Chinese food.METHODS： Food containing 50 g carbohydrate was consumed by 8-12 h...AIM： To determine the GI of some cereals and tubers produced in China in an effort to establish the database of glycemic index （GI） of Chinese food.METHODS： Food containing 50 g carbohydrate was consumed by 8-12 healthy adults after they have been fasted for 10 h and blood glucose was monitored for 2 h. Glucose was used as reference food. GI of food was calculated according to a standard method.RESULTS： GI of 9 types of sugar and 60 kinds of food were determined.CONCLUSION： Food GI is mainly determined by nature of carbohydrate and procession. Most of cereals and tubers produced in China have similar GI with their counterparts produced in other countries.展开更多
A simple and efficient dithizone-functionalized solid-phase extraction(SPE)procedure,online coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,was developed for the ...A simple and efficient dithizone-functionalized solid-phase extraction(SPE)procedure,online coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,was developed for the first time for enrichment and determination of ultra-trace mercury(Hg)species(inorganic divalent Hg(Hg(Ⅱ)),methylmercury(CH_(3)Hg(Ⅱ))and ethylmercury(C_(2)H_(5)Hg(Ⅱ))in cereals and environmental samples.In the proposed method,functionalization of the commercial C_(18) column with dithizone,enrichment,and elution of the above Hg species can be completed online with the developed SPE device.A simple solution of 2-mercaptoethanol(1%(V/V))could be used as an eluent for both the SPE and HPLC separation of Hg species,significantly simplifying the method and instrumen-tation.The online SPE method was optimized by varying dithizone dose,2-mercaptoethanol concentration,and sample volume.In addition,the effect of pH,coexisting interfering ions,and salt effect on the enrichment was also discussed.Under the optimized conditions,the detection limits of Hg species for 5 mL water sample were 0.15 ng/L for Hg(Ⅱ),0.07 ng/L for CH_(3)Hg(Ⅱ),and 0.04 ng/L for C_(2)H_(5)Hg(Ⅱ)with recoveries in the range of 85%-100%.The developed dithizone-functionalized C_(18) SPE column can be reused after a single function-alization,which significantly simplifies the enrichment step.Moreover,the stability of Hg species enriched on the SPE column demonstrated its suitability for field sampling of Hg species for later laboratory analysis.This environment-friendly method offers a robust tool to detect ultra-trace Hg species in cereals and environmental samples.展开更多
Protein-energy malnutrition among children is the major health challenges and it may be related to low nutritional quality of traditional complementary foods and high cost of quality protein-based complementary foods....Protein-energy malnutrition among children is the major health challenges and it may be related to low nutritional quality of traditional complementary foods and high cost of quality protein-based complementary foods. The aim of this study was formulation, preparation and evaluation of low-cost extruded products based on cereals and pulses. Composite flours were prepared using cereals and pulses, then formulated and extruded by a twin screw extruder in Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results showed: the protein contents of extruded formulas B, D and F were in the highest values. Carbohydrate in the extruded formula A was significantly higher than others. The lowest amount of ash and crude fiber were observed in the formula A. Content of energy in the extruded formulas E, F and C was higher;mean (SD) of Fe content in the extruded formula B, D and F was in the higher ranks among others. Calcium content in the extruded formulas C, E and F was in the highest amounts. Magnesium content in the extruded formulas B, D and F was higher than others. Cu content in the extruded formula C, D, B and F was higher than others. Manganese content in the extruded formulas B, C and F, and zinc content in the formulas B, D and F were higher than others. Tap density showed the lowest amount in the formula B, D and F, while their bulk density was higher. WHC was in the highest amount in the extruded formula A, while WSI in the extruded formula B, D and followed by F was in the highest amount. The mean scores of sensory evaluation of extruded products F showed that this combination has significantly better colour, flavour, texture and overall acceptability than others.展开更多
A simple and reliable method has been developed for separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of copper ions in cereals food for subsequent measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS）. The Cu^2...A simple and reliable method has been developed for separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of copper ions in cereals food for subsequent measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS）. The Cu^2＋ ions are adsorbed selectively and quantitatively during the passage. The retained copper ions were desorbed from the potassium tetratitanate whisker with 10.0mL of 2mol/L sulphuric acid solutions as eluent and were determined by FAAS. The linear range was 0.05μg/mL-0.20μg/mL in the original solution with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The detection limit of the proposed method is 2. lng/mL in the original solution （3σ, n=9）. Determination of copper in standard ions showed that the proposed method has good accuracy （recovery was more than 95%）. The method was successfully applied for recovery and determination of copper in cereals food samples展开更多
Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans food requirements.Under changing climate scenario,the intensity of drought stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth a...Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans food requirements.Under changing climate scenario,the intensity of drought stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth and yield of cereal crops.Although the cereals can tolerate moderate drought to some extent,but mostly they are susceptible to severe drought stress.Higher biosynthesis of ethylene under drought stress has been reported.Many scientists observed that inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC)deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)is an efficacious tool to overcome this problem.These PGPR secrete ACC deaminase which cleavage the ACC into the compounds,other than ethylene.Furthermore,secretion of growth hormones also play imperative role in enhancing the growth of the cereals under limited availability of water.In addition,the use of biochar has also been recognized as another effective amendment to grant resistance against drought.Biochar application improves the soil physiochemical attributes i.e.,porosity,nutrients retention and water holding capacity which decrease the loss of water and increase its bioavailability.In recent era,the idea of coapplication of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and biochar is becoming popular which might be more efficient to use water under drought stress.The aim of current review is to combine the facts and understanding of this novel idea to grant maximum resistance to crops against drought stress.Some scientists have observed significant improvement in yield of cereal crops by combined use of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and biochar.However,more research is suggested for deep understanding of complex synergistic mechanism of ACC deaminase activity in combination with biochar.展开更多
Crop nutrition has a significant effect on disease incidence, resistance or tolerance of various crops. There is currently a lack of reliable recent UK-based research about the effect of copper, zinc and boron on dise...Crop nutrition has a significant effect on disease incidence, resistance or tolerance of various crops. There is currently a lack of reliable recent UK-based research about the effect of copper, zinc and boron on disease incidence, green leaf area （GLA）, green leaf retention （GLR） and grain yield of winter wheat, spring wheat and spring barley. Data analysis showed that these trace elements had positive effects on GLR. These positive effects may have been due to the role of copper, zinc and boron in the production of defence related compounds （phenolics and lignin）, which may have reduced the disease incidence resulting in prolonged GLR. Grain yield was significantly enhanced by the application of these trace elements on the crop grown on high pH calcareous soil, which can be partly attributed to enhanced GLR. Also trace elements have a positive role in reproductive growth, flowering and male fertility. On average, zinc was found to be the most consistent trace element in terms of enhancing GLR and grain yield. Across all trials, it was noted that for every 10% increase in GLA from trace elements, grain yields increased by 4.2% in 2012-2013, by 4.4% in 2013-2014 in winter wheat and by 3.9% in spring wheat in 2014. These are remarkably consistent and indicate that increasing GLA by 10% by early dough stage was associated with a yield improvement of about 4%. These trace elements also had a positive effect on grain protein content （GPC）. This research concluded that the trace elements had positive effects in enhancing GLA and yield. It can be speculated that with the use of these trace elements, there may be more scope for using less robust or reduced rates of fungicides to control foliar diseases, which may help to maximize farm profits.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore an optimized method to measure the artificial pigment by means of high performance liquid chroma- tograph. [Method] The gradient elution technique of HPLC was used to isolate and ana...[Objective] The aim was to explore an optimized method to measure the artificial pigment by means of high performance liquid chroma- tograph. [Method] The gradient elution technique of HPLC was used to isolate and analyze tartrazine and sunset yellow in the cereals. The pre- treatment temperature, ultrasonic time, the column temperature and the elution conditions were studied, and the best expedmental conditions were confirmed. [ Result] At 40 ℃, the optimum chromatography analysis condition was moving phase, with pH （6.8）, methanol/water of acetic acid- ammonium acetate （0.02 mol/L）, and column temperature （35 ℃）. Gradient elution condition was 20% -35% methanol, 3%/rain; 35% -98%, 6%/min; 98%, 8 min. The content of tartrazine and sunset yellow in cereal was tested precisely by the means of HPLC. The average recoveries of standard addition were 97.9% and 100.2%, and the detection limit were 0.02 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg. [ Conclusion] This method shortened the a- nalysis time, improved the detection sensitivity and the resolution of artificial color.展开更多
In agriculture the identification and classification of weed seeds are technically and economically important. This work bears on the study of the morphological characteristics of the widespread weeds seeds in the nor...In agriculture the identification and classification of weed seeds are technically and economically important. This work bears on the study of the morphological characteristics of the widespread weeds seeds in the north east of Algeria （the Setifian high plateau）. Fourteen characteristics were used to identify ninety one species of seeds which belong to nineteen botanical families. The morphological characteristics in which the study was based on are： form, color, size, solidity, brightness, smoothness, seed length, seed width, seed caliber, outgrowths, outgrowths form, outgrowths color, outgrowths length, outgrowths width, weight per 100 seeds. Considerable differences were noticed between the various species of weeds seeds. The study of morphological characteristics of seeds allows identifying the different seeds mixed with cultivated plant, it also allows knowing the various species of weeds in fields. So such studies help to develop different strategies to control weeds.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and sensory characteristics of penne-type pasta produced from locally sourced cereals, tubers, and legumes. To achieve this, we formulated four different types of pasta wit...This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and sensory characteristics of penne-type pasta produced from locally sourced cereals, tubers, and legumes. To achieve this, we formulated four different types of pasta with varying levels of incorporation ranging from 10 to 50% cereals such as millet, fonio, and rice, tubers such as manioc and sweet potato, and legumes such as cowpea. The results showed that the incorporation of local products considerably improved the nutrient content of penne without being rejected by consumers. Sensory analysis showed that the best results were obtained with mixtures of sweet potato, cowpea, and wheat, as well as with rice, manioc, cowpea, and sample wheat. These results are of great importance to manufacturers in a world where developing nutritious and attractive food products is a crucial challenge.展开更多
Zhejiang, situated in the Yangtze delta and neighbouring Shanghai, is widely known for fish and rice production. The Zhejiang Provincial Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs I/E Co. Ltd. formerly Zhejiang provincial Cereals, ...Zhejiang, situated in the Yangtze delta and neighbouring Shanghai, is widely known for fish and rice production. The Zhejiang Provincial Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs I/E Co. Ltd. formerly Zhejiang provincial Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs I/E Company, is one of the largest foreign trade shareholding enterprises in Zhejiang Province. It展开更多
Anhui is one of China’s cereals(grain)production provinces. The Anhui Cereals Bureau is afunctional department in charge of cerealswork of the whole province,and anadministrative organ directly under the AnhuiProvinc...Anhui is one of China’s cereals(grain)production provinces. The Anhui Cereals Bureau is afunctional department in charge of cerealswork of the whole province,and anadministrative organ directly under the AnhuiProvincial Government.In recent years,ithas set up the Anhui Cereals and Oils TradeCorporation,Anhui Cereals,Oils andFoodstuffs Industry Corporation,AnhuiFeedstuffs Corporation,Anhui Cereals andOils Storage and Transport Corporation,Anhui Plant Oil Corporation,Anhui Cerealsand Oils Capital Construction MaterialsCorporation,Anhui Cereals and Oils展开更多
The aim of the present study was to investigate on the inventory and determination of the nutritional value of cereals flour and cassava leaves powder in order to analyse their use in the production of infant flour. I...The aim of the present study was to investigate on the inventory and determination of the nutritional value of cereals flour and cassava leaves powder in order to analyse their use in the production of infant flour. In this paper, a A survey to identify the cereals used in the preparation of infant porridge in the Northern Cameroon was done by using 447 mothers having children between 06 and 59 months from areas (Gbakoungue, Sassa-Mbersi, Sanguere-Ngal and Kotkong-Wouldata) with high rate on malnourished children. Flour was prepared from the most preponderant cereals and Cassava leaves powder from varieties identified by the Regional Centre of Agricultural Research (CRRA) of Wakwa and local population. Flour and powder samples obtained were subjected to chemical composition analysis. Parameters analysed were crude proteins, total carbohydrates, ash, total fats, total phenols, total tannins, total carotenoids, vitamin C or cyanide. Also Iron, calcium and zinc were determined. The results revealed that white maize (62%) was the main cereal used in the preparation of infant porridge followed respectively by red sorghum, white rice and muskwari. Ten cassava varieties were identified: three (03) by CRRA (TME, 96/1/14 and IRAD 4115) and seven (south, gambada, sweet, Benin, six months, M. glaziovii and grouna) by local population. Amongst cereals flour, those from white maize indicated high protein (10.09%), carbohydrates (84.46%) and total fat (7.46%) contents. The powder from 96/14/14 cassava variety showed high amount of iron (11.98 mg/100g), calcium (751.02 g/100g) and low cyanide content (1.21 ppm) amongst all the cassava leaves powder samples. The supplementation of white maize flour by cassava leaves powder from 96/14/14 variety could therefore be recommended for the preparation of infant flours.展开更多
Cereals and oilseeds are the foundation of human survival which have attracted much attention due to their nutritional and functional properties for maintaining the healthy life. There are abundant varieties of cereal...Cereals and oilseeds are the foundation of human survival which have attracted much attention due to their nutritional and functional properties for maintaining the healthy life. There are abundant varieties of cereals and oilseeds, however, for a long time, their process suitabilities are still unknown, resulting in the lack of precision processing. This paper summarized the characteristics of cereals and oilseeds, including sensory, physicochemical and processing qualities, their characteristic fingerprinting and products qualities. Furthermore, the quality fast detection method was also analyzed. It also explored the role of mathematical model and the standard evaluation index to determine the process suitability and discussed the opportunity for advanced model capability. We also prospected on scientific problems for expanding the predictive capabilities for processing suitabilities of these abundant varieties, focusing on the better results and advancements towards the processing of cereals and oilseeds products and improvement of their quality.展开更多
基金support of the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology Grant#3-16518 and the Research Council of Norway(321860),under the umbrella of the European Joint Programming Initiative"A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life(JPI HDHL)and of the ERA-NETCofund ERA-HDHL(GA No.696295 of the EU Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme)"as well as the support of the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute(Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel).Ms.L.Mashiah would also like to thank the partial support of her PhD by the Israel Scholarship Education Foundation(ISEF),Special thanks are also extended to the staff of the Smoler Proteomics Center at the Technion for their support and collaboration+1 种基金Authors P.Varela and J.Skaret also wish to thank the Norwegian Fund for Research Fees for Agricultural Products(FFL)for support,through the project"Food ForFuture(314318,2021-2024)A.Sarkar andA.Araiza Calahorra acknowledge the EAT4AGE project fundings received from[Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC),UK:BB/V018914/1]under the umbrella of the European Joint Programming Initiative"A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life"(JPI HDHL)and of theERA-NET Cofund ERA-HDHL(GANo.696295 of the EU Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme).
文摘The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4AGE project of the Joint Programming InitiativeA Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life',focuses on the rational design of functional foods for older adults.A co-extruded cereal prototype,fortified with two bioactive moieties,maca root powder and olive leaf extract,aims to address nutritional gaps identified in older adults,with a particular emphasis on high-quality and highly digestible proteins.Analytical determinations reveal the cereals have rich macronutrient profile exceeding 12%(m/m)protein,20%(m/m)fat,and low sugar(<5%,m/m),surpassing commercially available products with texture analyses supporting improved hardness,reduced oral friction and oral comfort.An untrained consumer panel(n=21,age 73±5)confirmed high palatability in various metrics and overall acceptability that were also affirmed through a trained sensory panel.Lastly,the product digestion was explored through an age-tailored in vitro digestion model which consistently demonstrated high protein digestibility,surpassing 80%,across all product formulations.Further,calculation of the in vitro digestible indispensable amino acid score of the product affirms its high nutritional quality.Thus,this study underscores the potential of designing palatable foods that could help promote a balanced and sustainable diet towards healthy aging.
基金supported by the China Agricultural Research System(No.CARS07-13.5-A02)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAASthe Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(No.2014BAD07B01)
文摘China is a leading country in the production of several minor cereals such as foxtail millet,Job's tears,naked oat,and naked barley.Sorghum and proso millet have also contributed greatly to Chinese agriculture.Foxtail millet,sorghum,barley,and proso millet were widely grown as major crops 60 years ago,and the reduction in their cultivation area reflects historical changes in Chinese agriculture over the past decades.Systematic germplasm collections from the 1950 s to the 1990 s gathered more than 66,690 accessions of these minor cereals,and for some of them,the Chinese germplasm collections are the largest in the world;for example,the 27,700 accessions of foxtail millet.Germplasm evaluations of each cereal species have focused mainly on drought tolerance,nutritional quality,and resistance to their main diseases.Comparisons among lines and selection of those with desirable traits were the main breeding methods for minor cereals in the 1950 s and 1960 s,but these methods were replaced by crossbreeding in the 1970 s.Newly developed cultivars have greatly changed the production situation,and many super cultivars have become milestones in crop breeding history.In this review,we describe the distribution and ecoregions,origin and domestication,and landmark varieties of several minor cereals in China.Nearly all of the minor cereals are drought-tolerant and fertilizer-efficient.The requirements for environmentally friendly crops and a more diverse food supply for humans and animals provide new opportunities to cultivate minor cereals in the drier and warmer environmental conditions that are predicted in the future.
基金Supported by Fundación Séneca,0578/PI/07,Consejería de Educación, Ciencia a Investigación de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia,CONSOLIDER FUN-C-FOOD.Nuevos ingredientes funcionales para mejorar la salud
文摘AIM： To test the effect of the dephytinization of three different commercial infant cereals on iron, calcium, and zinc bioavailability by estimating the uptake, retention, and transport by Caco-2 cells. METHODS： Both dephytinized （by adding an exogenous phytase） and non-dephytinized infant cereals were digested using an in vitro digestion protocol adapted to the gastrointestinal conditions of infants younger than 6 too. Mineral cell retention, transport, and uptake from infant cereals were measured using the soluble fraction of the simulated digestion and the Caco-2 cells. RESULTS： Dephytinization of infant cereals significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） the cell uptake efficiency （from 0.66%-6.05% to 3.93%-13%）, retention （from 6.04%-16.68% to 14.75%-20.14%） and transport efficiency （from 0.14%-2.21% to 1.47%-6.02%）, of iron, and the uptake efficiency （from 5.0%-35.4% to 7.3%-41.6%） and retention （from 4.05%-20.53% to 14.45%-61.3%） of zinc, whereas calcium only cell uptake showed a significant increase （P 〈 0.05） after removing phytate from most of the samples analyzed. A positive relationship （P 〈 0.05） between mineral solubility and the cell uptake and transport efficiencies was observed. CONCLUSION： Removing phytate from infant cereals had a beneficial effect on iron and zinc bioavailability when infant cereals were reconstituted with water. Since in developing countries cereal-based complementary foods for infants are usually consumed mixed with water, exogenous phytase additions could improve the nutritional value of this weaning food.
基金Project supported by the Key Research Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2016C02050-9-7)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd) is an element that is nonessential and extremely toxic to both plants and human beings. Soil contaminated with Cd has adverse impacts on crop yields and threatens human health via the food chain. Cultivation of low-Cd cultivars has been of particular interest and is one of the most cost-effective and promising approaches to minimize human dietary intake of Cd. Low-Cd crop cultivars should meet particular criteria, including acceptable yield and quality, and their edible parts should have Cd concentrations below maximum permissible concentrations for safe consumption, even when grown in Cd-contaminated soil. Several low-Cd cereal cultivars and genotypes have been developed worldwide through cultivar screening and conventional breeding. Molecular markers are powerful in facilitating the selection of low-Cd cereal cultivars. Modern molecular breeding technologies may have great potential in breeding programs for the development of low-Cd cultivars, especially when coupled with conventional breeding. In this review, we provide a synthesis of low-Cd cereal breeding.
基金Supported by grants from the Ministry of Health in China, No 98-1-063
文摘AIM： To determine the GI of some cereals and tubers produced in China in an effort to establish the database of glycemic index （GI） of Chinese food.METHODS： Food containing 50 g carbohydrate was consumed by 8-12 healthy adults after they have been fasted for 10 h and blood glucose was monitored for 2 h. Glucose was used as reference food. GI of food was calculated according to a standard method.RESULTS： GI of 9 types of sugar and 60 kinds of food were determined.CONCLUSION： Food GI is mainly determined by nature of carbohydrate and procession. Most of cereals and tubers produced in China have similar GI with their counterparts produced in other countries.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2020YFA0907400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21777178,21976193)+1 种基金Y.Yin acknowledges the supports from the National Young Top-Notch Talents(No.W03070030)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y202011).
文摘A simple and efficient dithizone-functionalized solid-phase extraction(SPE)procedure,online coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,was developed for the first time for enrichment and determination of ultra-trace mercury(Hg)species(inorganic divalent Hg(Hg(Ⅱ)),methylmercury(CH_(3)Hg(Ⅱ))and ethylmercury(C_(2)H_(5)Hg(Ⅱ))in cereals and environmental samples.In the proposed method,functionalization of the commercial C_(18) column with dithizone,enrichment,and elution of the above Hg species can be completed online with the developed SPE device.A simple solution of 2-mercaptoethanol(1%(V/V))could be used as an eluent for both the SPE and HPLC separation of Hg species,significantly simplifying the method and instrumen-tation.The online SPE method was optimized by varying dithizone dose,2-mercaptoethanol concentration,and sample volume.In addition,the effect of pH,coexisting interfering ions,and salt effect on the enrichment was also discussed.Under the optimized conditions,the detection limits of Hg species for 5 mL water sample were 0.15 ng/L for Hg(Ⅱ),0.07 ng/L for CH_(3)Hg(Ⅱ),and 0.04 ng/L for C_(2)H_(5)Hg(Ⅱ)with recoveries in the range of 85%-100%.The developed dithizone-functionalized C_(18) SPE column can be reused after a single function-alization,which significantly simplifies the enrichment step.Moreover,the stability of Hg species enriched on the SPE column demonstrated its suitability for field sampling of Hg species for later laboratory analysis.This environment-friendly method offers a robust tool to detect ultra-trace Hg species in cereals and environmental samples.
文摘Protein-energy malnutrition among children is the major health challenges and it may be related to low nutritional quality of traditional complementary foods and high cost of quality protein-based complementary foods. The aim of this study was formulation, preparation and evaluation of low-cost extruded products based on cereals and pulses. Composite flours were prepared using cereals and pulses, then formulated and extruded by a twin screw extruder in Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results showed: the protein contents of extruded formulas B, D and F were in the highest values. Carbohydrate in the extruded formula A was significantly higher than others. The lowest amount of ash and crude fiber were observed in the formula A. Content of energy in the extruded formulas E, F and C was higher;mean (SD) of Fe content in the extruded formula B, D and F was in the higher ranks among others. Calcium content in the extruded formulas C, E and F was in the highest amounts. Magnesium content in the extruded formulas B, D and F was higher than others. Cu content in the extruded formula C, D, B and F was higher than others. Manganese content in the extruded formulas B, C and F, and zinc content in the formulas B, D and F were higher than others. Tap density showed the lowest amount in the formula B, D and F, while their bulk density was higher. WHC was in the highest amount in the extruded formula A, while WSI in the extruded formula B, D and followed by F was in the highest amount. The mean scores of sensory evaluation of extruded products F showed that this combination has significantly better colour, flavour, texture and overall acceptability than others.
基金Imburse Fund of Science and Technology Office (05C26213100474)
文摘A simple and reliable method has been developed for separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of copper ions in cereals food for subsequent measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS）. The Cu^2＋ ions are adsorbed selectively and quantitatively during the passage. The retained copper ions were desorbed from the potassium tetratitanate whisker with 10.0mL of 2mol/L sulphuric acid solutions as eluent and were determined by FAAS. The linear range was 0.05μg/mL-0.20μg/mL in the original solution with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The detection limit of the proposed method is 2. lng/mL in the original solution （3σ, n=9）. Determination of copper in standard ions showed that the proposed method has good accuracy （recovery was more than 95%）. The method was successfully applied for recovery and determination of copper in cereals food samples
文摘Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans food requirements.Under changing climate scenario,the intensity of drought stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth and yield of cereal crops.Although the cereals can tolerate moderate drought to some extent,but mostly they are susceptible to severe drought stress.Higher biosynthesis of ethylene under drought stress has been reported.Many scientists observed that inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC)deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)is an efficacious tool to overcome this problem.These PGPR secrete ACC deaminase which cleavage the ACC into the compounds,other than ethylene.Furthermore,secretion of growth hormones also play imperative role in enhancing the growth of the cereals under limited availability of water.In addition,the use of biochar has also been recognized as another effective amendment to grant resistance against drought.Biochar application improves the soil physiochemical attributes i.e.,porosity,nutrients retention and water holding capacity which decrease the loss of water and increase its bioavailability.In recent era,the idea of coapplication of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and biochar is becoming popular which might be more efficient to use water under drought stress.The aim of current review is to combine the facts and understanding of this novel idea to grant maximum resistance to crops against drought stress.Some scientists have observed significant improvement in yield of cereal crops by combined use of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and biochar.However,more research is suggested for deep understanding of complex synergistic mechanism of ACC deaminase activity in combination with biochar.
文摘Crop nutrition has a significant effect on disease incidence, resistance or tolerance of various crops. There is currently a lack of reliable recent UK-based research about the effect of copper, zinc and boron on disease incidence, green leaf area （GLA）, green leaf retention （GLR） and grain yield of winter wheat, spring wheat and spring barley. Data analysis showed that these trace elements had positive effects on GLR. These positive effects may have been due to the role of copper, zinc and boron in the production of defence related compounds （phenolics and lignin）, which may have reduced the disease incidence resulting in prolonged GLR. Grain yield was significantly enhanced by the application of these trace elements on the crop grown on high pH calcareous soil, which can be partly attributed to enhanced GLR. Also trace elements have a positive role in reproductive growth, flowering and male fertility. On average, zinc was found to be the most consistent trace element in terms of enhancing GLR and grain yield. Across all trials, it was noted that for every 10% increase in GLA from trace elements, grain yields increased by 4.2% in 2012-2013, by 4.4% in 2013-2014 in winter wheat and by 3.9% in spring wheat in 2014. These are remarkably consistent and indicate that increasing GLA by 10% by early dough stage was associated with a yield improvement of about 4%. These trace elements also had a positive effect on grain protein content （GPC）. This research concluded that the trace elements had positive effects in enhancing GLA and yield. It can be speculated that with the use of these trace elements, there may be more scope for using less robust or reduced rates of fungicides to control foliar diseases, which may help to maximize farm profits.
基金Supported by Heilongjiang Natural Science Fund(B200911)Young Teacher' Scientific Research Support Program in Qiqihaer University(2010k-M17)Qiqihaer City Industrial Research and Development Program(GYGG2010-06-1)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore an optimized method to measure the artificial pigment by means of high performance liquid chroma- tograph. [Method] The gradient elution technique of HPLC was used to isolate and analyze tartrazine and sunset yellow in the cereals. The pre- treatment temperature, ultrasonic time, the column temperature and the elution conditions were studied, and the best expedmental conditions were confirmed. [ Result] At 40 ℃, the optimum chromatography analysis condition was moving phase, with pH （6.8）, methanol/water of acetic acid- ammonium acetate （0.02 mol/L）, and column temperature （35 ℃）. Gradient elution condition was 20% -35% methanol, 3%/rain; 35% -98%, 6%/min; 98%, 8 min. The content of tartrazine and sunset yellow in cereal was tested precisely by the means of HPLC. The average recoveries of standard addition were 97.9% and 100.2%, and the detection limit were 0.02 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg. [ Conclusion] This method shortened the a- nalysis time, improved the detection sensitivity and the resolution of artificial color.
文摘In agriculture the identification and classification of weed seeds are technically and economically important. This work bears on the study of the morphological characteristics of the widespread weeds seeds in the north east of Algeria （the Setifian high plateau）. Fourteen characteristics were used to identify ninety one species of seeds which belong to nineteen botanical families. The morphological characteristics in which the study was based on are： form, color, size, solidity, brightness, smoothness, seed length, seed width, seed caliber, outgrowths, outgrowths form, outgrowths color, outgrowths length, outgrowths width, weight per 100 seeds. Considerable differences were noticed between the various species of weeds seeds. The study of morphological characteristics of seeds allows identifying the different seeds mixed with cultivated plant, it also allows knowing the various species of weeds in fields. So such studies help to develop different strategies to control weeds.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and sensory characteristics of penne-type pasta produced from locally sourced cereals, tubers, and legumes. To achieve this, we formulated four different types of pasta with varying levels of incorporation ranging from 10 to 50% cereals such as millet, fonio, and rice, tubers such as manioc and sweet potato, and legumes such as cowpea. The results showed that the incorporation of local products considerably improved the nutrient content of penne without being rejected by consumers. Sensory analysis showed that the best results were obtained with mixtures of sweet potato, cowpea, and wheat, as well as with rice, manioc, cowpea, and sample wheat. These results are of great importance to manufacturers in a world where developing nutritious and attractive food products is a crucial challenge.
文摘Zhejiang, situated in the Yangtze delta and neighbouring Shanghai, is widely known for fish and rice production. The Zhejiang Provincial Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs I/E Co. Ltd. formerly Zhejiang provincial Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs I/E Company, is one of the largest foreign trade shareholding enterprises in Zhejiang Province. It
文摘Anhui is one of China’s cereals(grain)production provinces. The Anhui Cereals Bureau is afunctional department in charge of cerealswork of the whole province,and anadministrative organ directly under the AnhuiProvincial Government.In recent years,ithas set up the Anhui Cereals and Oils TradeCorporation,Anhui Cereals,Oils andFoodstuffs Industry Corporation,AnhuiFeedstuffs Corporation,Anhui Cereals andOils Storage and Transport Corporation,Anhui Plant Oil Corporation,Anhui Cerealsand Oils Capital Construction MaterialsCorporation,Anhui Cereals and Oils
文摘The aim of the present study was to investigate on the inventory and determination of the nutritional value of cereals flour and cassava leaves powder in order to analyse their use in the production of infant flour. In this paper, a A survey to identify the cereals used in the preparation of infant porridge in the Northern Cameroon was done by using 447 mothers having children between 06 and 59 months from areas (Gbakoungue, Sassa-Mbersi, Sanguere-Ngal and Kotkong-Wouldata) with high rate on malnourished children. Flour was prepared from the most preponderant cereals and Cassava leaves powder from varieties identified by the Regional Centre of Agricultural Research (CRRA) of Wakwa and local population. Flour and powder samples obtained were subjected to chemical composition analysis. Parameters analysed were crude proteins, total carbohydrates, ash, total fats, total phenols, total tannins, total carotenoids, vitamin C or cyanide. Also Iron, calcium and zinc were determined. The results revealed that white maize (62%) was the main cereal used in the preparation of infant porridge followed respectively by red sorghum, white rice and muskwari. Ten cassava varieties were identified: three (03) by CRRA (TME, 96/1/14 and IRAD 4115) and seven (south, gambada, sweet, Benin, six months, M. glaziovii and grouna) by local population. Amongst cereals flour, those from white maize indicated high protein (10.09%), carbohydrates (84.46%) and total fat (7.46%) contents. The powder from 96/14/14 cassava variety showed high amount of iron (11.98 mg/100g), calcium (751.02 g/100g) and low cyanide content (1.21 ppm) amongst all the cassava leaves powder samples. The supplementation of white maize flour by cassava leaves powder from 96/14/14 variety could therefore be recommended for the preparation of infant flours.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0400200)Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (200903043)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-201X-IAPPST)
文摘Cereals and oilseeds are the foundation of human survival which have attracted much attention due to their nutritional and functional properties for maintaining the healthy life. There are abundant varieties of cereals and oilseeds, however, for a long time, their process suitabilities are still unknown, resulting in the lack of precision processing. This paper summarized the characteristics of cereals and oilseeds, including sensory, physicochemical and processing qualities, their characteristic fingerprinting and products qualities. Furthermore, the quality fast detection method was also analyzed. It also explored the role of mathematical model and the standard evaluation index to determine the process suitability and discussed the opportunity for advanced model capability. We also prospected on scientific problems for expanding the predictive capabilities for processing suitabilities of these abundant varieties, focusing on the better results and advancements towards the processing of cereals and oilseeds products and improvement of their quality.
