The research on biofacies and its provincialization is of important significance not only for the increasing of precision of stratigraphic subdivision and correlation in South China, the reconstruction of ancient envi...The research on biofacies and its provincialization is of important significance not only for the increasing of precision of stratigraphic subdivision and correlation in South China, the reconstruction of ancient environment and paleogeography and even the guiding of oil and gas exploration, but also for the study of paleobiogeogrphy and sea level changes of southern China in Ordovician. On the basis of the studies of the ecological characteristics of Ordovician cephalopods from South China, eighteen cephalopod biofacies are recognized and described ： （1） Open platform Proterocameroceras biofacies ; （2） Restricted platform Pseudoectenolites-Xiadongoceras biofacies; （ 3 ） Open platform Retroclitendoceras- Pararetroclitendoceras biofacies; （4） Open platform Pronajaceras-Mamagouceras biofacies ; （5） Shelf slope-basin Cyclostomiceras biofacies; （6） Open platform Cameroceras-Cyrtovaginoceras biofacies; （7） Open platform Coreanoceras-Manchuroceras biofacies; （8） Shelf slope-basin Kaipingoceras- Kyminoceras biofacies; （9） Inner shelf Bathmoceras-Protocycloceras biofacies; （10） Middle shelf Dideroceras-Ancistroceras biofacies; （11） Deep-water shelf Lituites-Cyclolituites biofacies ; （12） Stag- nant basin Lituites-Trilacinoceras biofacies; （13） Deep-water basin Paraendoceras-Sactorthoceras biofacies; （14） Deep-water shelf Sinoceras-Michelinoceras-Disoceras biofacies; （15） Deep-water shelf Beloitoceros-Jiangshanoceras biofacies; （16） Deep-water shelf-basin Eurasiaticoceras biofacies; （ 17 ） Shelf-slope Jiangxiceras-Yushanoceras biofacies; （18） Deep-water basin Michelinoceras biofacies. The cephalopods of these biofacies, their ecological characteristics, and living conditions are elucidated in this article. The association law of cephalopod biofacies in time and space shows that there were three cephalopod biofacies provinces in South China during the Ordovician, i.e. , Yangtze biofacies province, East Guizhou （贵州）-West Hunan （湖南） biofacies province （mixed-type biofacies province）, and Central Hunan-West Zhejiang （浙江） biofacies province. It is suggested that differentiation of cephalopod biofacies was mainly controlled by sea level changes and tectonic evolution. The differentiation is obvious during lower sea level and not developed during high sea level.展开更多
To clarify cuttlefish phylogeny, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and partial 16S rRNA geneare sequenced for 13 cephalopod species. Phylogenetic trees are constructed, with the neighbor-joining ...To clarify cuttlefish phylogeny, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and partial 16S rRNA geneare sequenced for 13 cephalopod species. Phylogenetic trees are constructed, with the neighbor-joining method.Coleoids are divided into two main lineages, Decabrachia and Octobrachia. The monophyly of the order Sepioidea,which includes the families Sepiidae, Sepiolidae and Idiosepiidae , is not supported. From the two families ofSepioidea examined, the Sepiolidae are polyphyletic and are excluded from the order. On the basis of 16S rRNA andamino acid of COI gene sequences data, the two genera (Sepiella and Sepia) from the Sepiidae can be distinguished, butdo not have a visible boundary using COI gene sequences. The reason is explained. This suggests that the 16S rDNAof cephalopods is a precious tool to analyze taxonomic relationships at the genus level, and COI gene is fitter at ahigher taxonomic level (i.e., family).展开更多
1 Introduction As one of the major groups in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event(GOBE),cephalopods may have played a critical role in the marine ecosystem in late Cambrian and Ordovician.Among the few predat...1 Introduction As one of the major groups in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event(GOBE),cephalopods may have played a critical role in the marine ecosystem in late Cambrian and Ordovician.Among the few predators in the Ordovician,cephalopods are typified by their big sizes and the development of swimming ability.展开更多
Neuropeptides are widely distributed in vertebrates and invertebrates,regulating a variety of physiological activities in the organisms,such as metabolism,feeding and reproduction.In this study,to explore the function...Neuropeptides are widely distributed in vertebrates and invertebrates,regulating a variety of physiological activities in the organisms,such as metabolism,feeding and reproduction.In this study,to explore the function of neuropeptide LFRFamide in Sepia pharaonis,the full-length cDNA of LFRFamide-like gene(named SpLFRFL,MG869822.1)was identified with rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE)method.The sequence of SpLFRFL was 860 bp in length and encoded 188 amino acids containing 4 different mature peptides:1 copy of PHTPFRFamide,NSLFRFamide,TIFRFamide,and 3 copies of GNLFRFamide.Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis results showed that SpLFRFL shared high identity with LFRFamides of Sepia officinalis and Sepiella japonica and had the closest relationship with them.Through quantitative Real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),it was found that the SpLFRFL gene was highly expressed in the optic lobe and brain at three different stages during gonad development in both genders.Moreover,the four mature peptides at a concentration of 0.01μmol L^(−1) could inhibit the protein synthesis in the Chinese hamster ovary cell strain-K1(CHOK1)induced by SpGnRH.These data suggest that SpLFRFL might be involved in the development and reproduction of S.pharaonis.The results can contribute to future studies on neuropeptide evolution and function and benefit the cuttlefish farming.展开更多
The morphologies of eumelanin, isolated from the six cephalopods species Sepia esculenta, Sepia lycidas, Sepia pharaonis, Sepiella japonica, Euprymna berryi, and Uroteuthis(Photololigo) edulis, were investigated using...The morphologies of eumelanin, isolated from the six cephalopods species Sepia esculenta, Sepia lycidas, Sepia pharaonis, Sepiella japonica, Euprymna berryi, and Uroteuthis(Photololigo) edulis, were investigated using atomic force microscopy(AFM). The results showed that the hierarchical aggregate structures of irregular spherical particles with different diameters are the common characteristics of these eumelanins. Furthermore, the diameters of these spherical particles present an uneven distribution in a wide range and mainly concentrate in the range of about 20-150 nm. In addition, the eumelanin from different cephalopods species show obvious differences in the morphologies, which is illustrated by different assembly forms of diverse aggregate units and the quantitative features of eumelanin particles derived from the images.展开更多
Cephalopods identification is a formidable task that involves hand inspection and close observation by a malacologist.Manual observation and iden-tification take time and are always contingent on the involvement of expe...Cephalopods identification is a formidable task that involves hand inspection and close observation by a malacologist.Manual observation and iden-tification take time and are always contingent on the involvement of experts.A system is proposed to alleviate this challenge that uses transfer learning techni-ques to classify the cephalopods automatically.In the proposed method,only the Lightweight pre-trained networks are chosen to enable IoT in the task of cephalopod recognition.First,the efficiency of the chosen models is determined by evaluating their performance and comparing thefindings.Second,the models arefine-tuned by adding dense layers and tweaking hyperparameters to improve the classification of accuracy.The models also employ a well-tuned Rectified Adam optimizer to increase the accuracy rates.Third,Adam with Gradient Cen-tralisation(RAdamGC)is proposed and used infine-tuned models to reduce the training time.The framework enables an Internet of Things(IoT)or embedded device to perform the classification tasks by embedding a suitable lightweight pre-trained network.Thefine-tuned models,MobileNetV2,InceptionV3,and NASNet Mobile have achieved a classification accuracy of 89.74%,87.12%,and 89.74%,respectively.Thefindings have indicated that thefine-tuned models can classify different kinds of cephalopods.The results have also demonstrated that there is a significant reduction in the training time with RAdamGC.展开更多
Cephalopods are known to be commercially important around the world. Worth mentioning it constitutes a major part of the Egyptian fishing industry. Samples of cephalopods were collected from fishing boats in the Suez ...Cephalopods are known to be commercially important around the world. Worth mentioning it constitutes a major part of the Egyptian fishing industry. Samples of cephalopods were collected from fishing boats in the Suez Gulf and Egyptian Red Sea. Cuttlefishes, squids, and octopuses had their club of the tentacle, arm IV hectocotylus, sucker of the club of the tentacle, sucker ring of the club of the tentacle, arm sucker, arm sucker ring, radula, gill, and shell. Various organs were photographed using a Canon G7X digital Camera. Eleven Egyptian Red Sea cephalopod species were encountered;three of them are cuttlefish species namely: Sepia dollfusi, Sepia pharaonis, and Sepia elongata. Three squid species namely: Loligo forbesii, Uroteuthis Photololigo duvaucelii, and Sepioteuthis lessoniana were also encountered. Five octopus species were also recorded namely: Octopus vulgaris, Callistoctopus macropus, Macrotritopus defilippi, Amphyoctopus aegina, and Amphyoctopus membranaceus. Aims of the current work are to differentiate between some Cephalopod species living in the Red Sea of Egypt and evaluate the status to achieve a reliable differentiation between these species.展开更多
Dicyemids(phylum Dicyemida),primarily found in the renal organs of coleoid cephalopods,are a unique group of morphologically simple parasites with global distribution.Here,we investigated the diversity and prevalence ...Dicyemids(phylum Dicyemida),primarily found in the renal organs of coleoid cephalopods,are a unique group of morphologically simple parasites with global distribution.Here,we investigated the diversity and prevalence of dicyemid communities in a wide range of cephalopod hosts across four geographic zones(the North East Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,China Sea in the Western North Pacific,and Australia in the South Pacific)using Illumina sequencing of the 18S rDNA amplicons.Across 227 host samples,we identified 482 amplicon sequence variants,which clustered into 95 genetic types.The results indicated a higher number of distinct genetic types within Dicyemida than those currently identified through morphology-based taxonomy.Our finding of 46 dicyemid types in the common cuttlefish(Sepia officinalis)contrasts sharply with the previous records of a maximum of four species in this host.Furthermore,only a few host species exhibited a single dicyemid type,while most harbored multiple types;several types were distributed worldwide.Additionally,we identified eight new cephalopod hosts in the Pacific.Analyses of community(α)diversity suggested the unique character of certain geographical areas,such as the Bass Strait(Australia).β-diversity analyses confirmed that geographic location and host species were significant determinants of the dicyemid community composition.These results suggest that current species classifications may underestimate the true diversity of dicyemids.They emphasize the intricate interplay between geography,host specificity,and dicyemid community diversity.展开更多
Cephalopods(octopus,squid and cuttlefish)are some of the most intriguing molluscs,and they represent economically important commercial marine species for fisheries.Previous studies have shown that cephalopods are sens...Cephalopods(octopus,squid and cuttlefish)are some of the most intriguing molluscs,and they represent economically important commercial marine species for fisheries.Previous studies have shown that cephalopods are sensitive to underwater particle motion,especially at low frequencies in the order of 10 Hz.The present paper deals with quantitative modeling of the statocyst system in three cephalopod species:Octopus vulgaris,Sepia officinalis and Loligo vulgaris.The octopus’s macula/statolith organ was modeled as a 2nd-order dynamic oscillator using parameter values estimated from scanning electron micrograph images.The modeling results agree reasonably well with experimental data(acceleration threshold)in the three cephalopod species.Insights made from quantitative modeling and simulating the particle motion sensing mechanism of cephalopods elucidated their underwater particle motion detection capabilities.Sensitivity to emerging environmental issues,such as low frequency noise caused by near-shore wind farms and increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the ocean,and sensitivity to sounds produced by impending landslides were investigated in octopus using the model.展开更多
基金This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No .40272060) .
文摘The research on biofacies and its provincialization is of important significance not only for the increasing of precision of stratigraphic subdivision and correlation in South China, the reconstruction of ancient environment and paleogeography and even the guiding of oil and gas exploration, but also for the study of paleobiogeogrphy and sea level changes of southern China in Ordovician. On the basis of the studies of the ecological characteristics of Ordovician cephalopods from South China, eighteen cephalopod biofacies are recognized and described ： （1） Open platform Proterocameroceras biofacies ; （2） Restricted platform Pseudoectenolites-Xiadongoceras biofacies; （ 3 ） Open platform Retroclitendoceras- Pararetroclitendoceras biofacies; （4） Open platform Pronajaceras-Mamagouceras biofacies ; （5） Shelf slope-basin Cyclostomiceras biofacies; （6） Open platform Cameroceras-Cyrtovaginoceras biofacies; （7） Open platform Coreanoceras-Manchuroceras biofacies; （8） Shelf slope-basin Kaipingoceras- Kyminoceras biofacies; （9） Inner shelf Bathmoceras-Protocycloceras biofacies; （10） Middle shelf Dideroceras-Ancistroceras biofacies; （11） Deep-water shelf Lituites-Cyclolituites biofacies ; （12） Stag- nant basin Lituites-Trilacinoceras biofacies; （13） Deep-water basin Paraendoceras-Sactorthoceras biofacies; （14） Deep-water shelf Sinoceras-Michelinoceras-Disoceras biofacies; （15） Deep-water shelf Beloitoceros-Jiangshanoceras biofacies; （16） Deep-water shelf-basin Eurasiaticoceras biofacies; （ 17 ） Shelf-slope Jiangxiceras-Yushanoceras biofacies; （18） Deep-water basin Michelinoceras biofacies. The cephalopods of these biofacies, their ecological characteristics, and living conditions are elucidated in this article. The association law of cephalopod biofacies in time and space shows that there were three cephalopod biofacies provinces in South China during the Ordovician, i.e. , Yangtze biofacies province, East Guizhou （贵州）-West Hunan （湖南） biofacies province （mixed-type biofacies province）, and Central Hunan-West Zhejiang （浙江） biofacies province. It is suggested that differentiation of cephalopod biofacies was mainly controlled by sea level changes and tectonic evolution. The differentiation is obvious during lower sea level and not developed during high sea level.
文摘To clarify cuttlefish phylogeny, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and partial 16S rRNA geneare sequenced for 13 cephalopod species. Phylogenetic trees are constructed, with the neighbor-joining method.Coleoids are divided into two main lineages, Decabrachia and Octobrachia. The monophyly of the order Sepioidea,which includes the families Sepiidae, Sepiolidae and Idiosepiidae , is not supported. From the two families ofSepioidea examined, the Sepiolidae are polyphyletic and are excluded from the order. On the basis of 16S rRNA andamino acid of COI gene sequences data, the two genera (Sepiella and Sepia) from the Sepiidae can be distinguished, butdo not have a visible boundary using COI gene sequences. The reason is explained. This suggests that the 16S rDNAof cephalopods is a precious tool to analyze taxonomic relationships at the genus level, and COI gene is fitter at ahigher taxonomic level (i.e., family).
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB26000000,XDB10010100)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant Nos.2013FY111000,2017ZX05036-001-004)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41772005)IGCP project 653’The Onset of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event’.
文摘1 Introduction As one of the major groups in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event(GOBE),cephalopods may have played a critical role in the marine ecosystem in late Cambrian and Ordovician.Among the few predators in the Ordovician,cephalopods are typified by their big sizes and the development of swimming ability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872547)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LY20 C190007)+1 种基金the Open Foundation from Marine Sciences in the First-Class Subjects of Zhejiang(No.OFMS004)the Excellent Postdoctoral Program of Jiangsu Province(No.314865).
文摘Neuropeptides are widely distributed in vertebrates and invertebrates,regulating a variety of physiological activities in the organisms,such as metabolism,feeding and reproduction.In this study,to explore the function of neuropeptide LFRFamide in Sepia pharaonis,the full-length cDNA of LFRFamide-like gene(named SpLFRFL,MG869822.1)was identified with rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE)method.The sequence of SpLFRFL was 860 bp in length and encoded 188 amino acids containing 4 different mature peptides:1 copy of PHTPFRFamide,NSLFRFamide,TIFRFamide,and 3 copies of GNLFRFamide.Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis results showed that SpLFRFL shared high identity with LFRFamides of Sepia officinalis and Sepiella japonica and had the closest relationship with them.Through quantitative Real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),it was found that the SpLFRFL gene was highly expressed in the optic lobe and brain at three different stages during gonad development in both genders.Moreover,the four mature peptides at a concentration of 0.01μmol L^(−1) could inhibit the protein synthesis in the Chinese hamster ovary cell strain-K1(CHOK1)induced by SpGnRH.These data suggest that SpLFRFL might be involved in the development and reproduction of S.pharaonis.The results can contribute to future studies on neuropeptide evolution and function and benefit the cuttlefish farming.
基金supported by the Special Fund Project of Industry, University and Research Institute Collaboration in Guangdong province (No.2013B090500036)the Project of Science & Technology in Guangdong Province (No.2014B040404071)+2 种基金the Project of Science & Technology in Zhanjiang City (No.2013A202-4)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No.2015A 030310406)the PhD. Programs Foundation of Lingnan Normal University (No.ZL1313)
文摘The morphologies of eumelanin, isolated from the six cephalopods species Sepia esculenta, Sepia lycidas, Sepia pharaonis, Sepiella japonica, Euprymna berryi, and Uroteuthis(Photololigo) edulis, were investigated using atomic force microscopy(AFM). The results showed that the hierarchical aggregate structures of irregular spherical particles with different diameters are the common characteristics of these eumelanins. Furthermore, the diameters of these spherical particles present an uneven distribution in a wide range and mainly concentrate in the range of about 20-150 nm. In addition, the eumelanin from different cephalopods species show obvious differences in the morphologies, which is illustrated by different assembly forms of diverse aggregate units and the quantitative features of eumelanin particles derived from the images.
文摘Cephalopods identification is a formidable task that involves hand inspection and close observation by a malacologist.Manual observation and iden-tification take time and are always contingent on the involvement of experts.A system is proposed to alleviate this challenge that uses transfer learning techni-ques to classify the cephalopods automatically.In the proposed method,only the Lightweight pre-trained networks are chosen to enable IoT in the task of cephalopod recognition.First,the efficiency of the chosen models is determined by evaluating their performance and comparing thefindings.Second,the models arefine-tuned by adding dense layers and tweaking hyperparameters to improve the classification of accuracy.The models also employ a well-tuned Rectified Adam optimizer to increase the accuracy rates.Third,Adam with Gradient Cen-tralisation(RAdamGC)is proposed and used infine-tuned models to reduce the training time.The framework enables an Internet of Things(IoT)or embedded device to perform the classification tasks by embedding a suitable lightweight pre-trained network.Thefine-tuned models,MobileNetV2,InceptionV3,and NASNet Mobile have achieved a classification accuracy of 89.74%,87.12%,and 89.74%,respectively.Thefindings have indicated that thefine-tuned models can classify different kinds of cephalopods.The results have also demonstrated that there is a significant reduction in the training time with RAdamGC.
文摘Cephalopods are known to be commercially important around the world. Worth mentioning it constitutes a major part of the Egyptian fishing industry. Samples of cephalopods were collected from fishing boats in the Suez Gulf and Egyptian Red Sea. Cuttlefishes, squids, and octopuses had their club of the tentacle, arm IV hectocotylus, sucker of the club of the tentacle, sucker ring of the club of the tentacle, arm sucker, arm sucker ring, radula, gill, and shell. Various organs were photographed using a Canon G7X digital Camera. Eleven Egyptian Red Sea cephalopod species were encountered;three of them are cuttlefish species namely: Sepia dollfusi, Sepia pharaonis, and Sepia elongata. Three squid species namely: Loligo forbesii, Uroteuthis Photololigo duvaucelii, and Sepioteuthis lessoniana were also encountered. Five octopus species were also recorded namely: Octopus vulgaris, Callistoctopus macropus, Macrotritopus defilippi, Amphyoctopus aegina, and Amphyoctopus membranaceus. Aims of the current work are to differentiate between some Cephalopod species living in the Red Sea of Egypt and evaluate the status to achieve a reliable differentiation between these species.
基金Computational resources were provided by the e-INFRA CZ project(ID:90254),supported by the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republicfunded by the Czech Science Agency(Project No.19-28399X).
文摘Dicyemids(phylum Dicyemida),primarily found in the renal organs of coleoid cephalopods,are a unique group of morphologically simple parasites with global distribution.Here,we investigated the diversity and prevalence of dicyemid communities in a wide range of cephalopod hosts across four geographic zones(the North East Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,China Sea in the Western North Pacific,and Australia in the South Pacific)using Illumina sequencing of the 18S rDNA amplicons.Across 227 host samples,we identified 482 amplicon sequence variants,which clustered into 95 genetic types.The results indicated a higher number of distinct genetic types within Dicyemida than those currently identified through morphology-based taxonomy.Our finding of 46 dicyemid types in the common cuttlefish(Sepia officinalis)contrasts sharply with the previous records of a maximum of four species in this host.Furthermore,only a few host species exhibited a single dicyemid type,while most harbored multiple types;several types were distributed worldwide.Additionally,we identified eight new cephalopod hosts in the Pacific.Analyses of community(α)diversity suggested the unique character of certain geographical areas,such as the Bass Strait(Australia).β-diversity analyses confirmed that geographic location and host species were significant determinants of the dicyemid community composition.These results suggest that current species classifications may underestimate the true diversity of dicyemids.They emphasize the intricate interplay between geography,host specificity,and dicyemid community diversity.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.CMMI-1031414.
文摘Cephalopods(octopus,squid and cuttlefish)are some of the most intriguing molluscs,and they represent economically important commercial marine species for fisheries.Previous studies have shown that cephalopods are sensitive to underwater particle motion,especially at low frequencies in the order of 10 Hz.The present paper deals with quantitative modeling of the statocyst system in three cephalopod species:Octopus vulgaris,Sepia officinalis and Loligo vulgaris.The octopus’s macula/statolith organ was modeled as a 2nd-order dynamic oscillator using parameter values estimated from scanning electron micrograph images.The modeling results agree reasonably well with experimental data(acceleration threshold)in the three cephalopod species.Insights made from quantitative modeling and simulating the particle motion sensing mechanism of cephalopods elucidated their underwater particle motion detection capabilities.Sensitivity to emerging environmental issues,such as low frequency noise caused by near-shore wind farms and increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the ocean,and sensitivity to sounds produced by impending landslides were investigated in octopus using the model.
