AIM: To investigate whether the complement system is involved in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR).METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided randomly into OIR group and control group. OIR was i...AIM: To investigate whether the complement system is involved in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR).METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided randomly into OIR group and control group. OIR was induced by exposing mice to 75% ±2% oxygen from postnatal 7d(P7) to P12 and then recovered in room air.For the control group, the litters were raised in room air.At the postnatal 17d(P17), gene expressions of the complement components of the classical pathway(CP),the mannose-binding lectin(MBL) pathway and the alternative pathway(AP) in the retina were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Retinal protein expressions of the key components in the CP were examined by Western blotting.· RESULTS: Whole mounted retina in the OIR mice showed area of central hypoperfusion in both superficial and deep layers and neovascular tufts in the periphery.The expressions of C1 qb and C4 b genes in the OIR retina were significantly higher than those of the controls. The expression of retinal complement factor B(CFB) gene in OIR mice was significantly lower than those of the controls. However, the expressions of C3 and complement factor H(CFH) genes were higher. The protein synthesis of the key components involved in the CP(C1q, C4 and C3) were also significantly higher in OIR mouse retina. Although MBL-associated serine protease 1(MASP1) and MASP2 were detected in both the OIR and the control groups, the expressions were weak and the difference between the two groups was not significant.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the complement system CP is activated during the pathogenesis of murine model of OIR.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to formulate classical swine fever( CSF) immunization procedures in large-scale pig farms. [Method] Antibody maintenance time and dynamics of material antibody was detected by enzyme-linked i...[Objective] The paper was to formulate classical swine fever( CSF) immunization procedures in large-scale pig farms. [Method] Antibody maintenance time and dynamics of material antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA),and scientific primary immunization time of piglets was explored. [Result] The positive rate of sows reached the highest level of 93% at 4 weeks post immunization. Piglets were immunized at 9 weeks of age,the antibody level did not increase at 3 weeks post immunization,but increased rapidly after secondary immunization; the antibody level in late fattening period was high,and pigs could be protected completely. [Conclusion]General prevention of CSF is suitable for scale farming. It takes about 4 weeks to produce CSF antibody. Therefore,pig farms should conduct immunization timely at one month prior to susceptible stage according to their infection pressure.展开更多
We investigate the quantum to classical transition induced by two-particle interaction via a system of periodically kicked particles.The classical dynamics of particle 1 is almost unaffected in condition that its mass...We investigate the quantum to classical transition induced by two-particle interaction via a system of periodically kicked particles.The classical dynamics of particle 1 is almost unaffected in condition that its mass is much larger than that of particle 2.Interestingly,such classically weak influence leads to the quantum to classical transition of the dynamical behavior of particle 1.Namely,the quantum diffusion of this particle undergoes the transition from dynamical localization to the classically chaotic diffusion with the decrease of the effective Planck constantħeff.The behind physics is due to the growth of entanglement in the system.The classically very weak interaction leads to the exponential decay of purity in condition that the classical dynamics of external degrees freedom is strongly chaotic.展开更多
A new kind of quantum optical state, photon-added and -subtracted displaced Fock states, is introduced by applying the inverse of bosonic creation and annihilation operators to displaced Fock states. The quantum stati...A new kind of quantum optical state, photon-added and -subtracted displaced Fock states, is introduced by applying the inverse of bosonic creation and annihilation operators to displaced Fock states. The quantum statistical properties of these states are investigated by numerical methods. Numerical results indicate that these states reveal some interesting non-classical properties, such as anti-bunching effects, sub-Poisson distributions and negativities of their Wigner functions.展开更多
Explorations into new electrolytes have highlighted the critical impact of solvation structure on battery performance,Classical molecular dynamics(CMD)using semi-empirical force fields has become an essential tool for...Explorations into new electrolytes have highlighted the critical impact of solvation structure on battery performance,Classical molecular dynamics(CMD)using semi-empirical force fields has become an essential tool for simulating solvation structures.However,mainstream force fields often lack accuracy in describing strong ion-solvent interactions,causing disparities between CMD simulations and experimental observations.Although some empirical methods have been employed in some of the studies to address this issue,their effectiveness has been limited.Our CMD research,supported by quantum chemical calculations and experimental data,reveals that the solvation structure is influenced not only by the charge model but also by the polarization description.Previous empirical approaches that focused solely on adjusting ion-solvent interaction strengths overlooked the importance of polarization effects.Building on this insight,we propose integrating the Drude polarization model into mainstream force fields and verify its feasibility in carbonate,ether,and nitrile electrolytes.Our experimental results demonstrate that this approach significantly enhances the accuracy of CMD-simulated solvation structures.This work is expected to provide a more reliable CMD method for electrolyte design,shielding researchers from the pitfalls of erroneous simulation outcomes.展开更多
The presence of background classical sources affects quantum field theory significantly in different ways.Neutrino oscillation is a phenomenon that confirms that neutrinos are massive fermions in nature,a celebrated r...The presence of background classical sources affects quantum field theory significantly in different ways.Neutrino oscillation is a phenomenon that confirms that neutrinos are massive fermions in nature,a celebrated result in modern physics.Neutrino oscillation plays an important role in many astrophysical observations.However,the interactions between the background classical sources with neutrinos are not often considered.In the present article,we show the effect of some classical sources,namely matter currents,electromagnetic waves,torsion,and gravitational waves on neutrino oscillation.It is shown explicitly that the above sources can change the helicity state of neutrinos during neutrino oscillation.展开更多
Grass constitutes a vital poetic imagery in classical Chinese poetry,embodying multifaceted symbolic connotations ranging from the tenacity of life to sentiments of separation and nostalgic longing.The translation of ...Grass constitutes a vital poetic imagery in classical Chinese poetry,embodying multifaceted symbolic connotations ranging from the tenacity of life to sentiments of separation and nostalgic longing.The translation of this botanical motif necessitates not merely lexical equivalence,but more importantly,the transmission of its profound cultural resonance and aesthetic essence.This study posits that effective rendition of grass imagery should adopt an integrative approach synthesizing the objectives of cultural translation with the intrinsic aesthetic characteristics of classical poetry.Through systematic analysis of the cultural semiotics embedded in grass symbolism,the research investigates practical translation techniques at lexical,syntactic,and stylistic dimensions.The findings aim to contribute to the theoretical framework of cultural image translation in Chinese poetic tradition while providing methodological references for cross-cultural interpretation of classical verse.By bridging cultural semiotics with translation praxis,this investigation seeks to advance the intercultural communication of Chinese poetic heritage through nuanced treatment of its botanical symbolism.展开更多
This paper concerns the Cauchy problem of 3D compressible micropolar fluids in the whole space R^(3). For regular initial data with m0E0 is suitable small, where m0 and E0 represent the upper bound of initial density ...This paper concerns the Cauchy problem of 3D compressible micropolar fluids in the whole space R^(3). For regular initial data with m0E0 is suitable small, where m0 and E0 represent the upper bound of initial density and initial energy, we prove that if ρ0 ∈ Lγ ∩ H3 with γ ∈ (1, 6), then the problem possesses a unique global classical solution on R^(3) × [0, T] with any T ∈ (0, ∞). It’s worth noting that both the vacuum states and possible random largeness of initial energy are allowed.展开更多
More than a simple concert pianist,Wilson Chu is an Indonesian musical diplomacy force.As a distinguished performer,composer,and educator,Wilson has left an indelible mark on the international stage by seamlessly blen...More than a simple concert pianist,Wilson Chu is an Indonesian musical diplomacy force.As a distinguished performer,composer,and educator,Wilson has left an indelible mark on the international stage by seamlessly blending Western classical music with Southeast Asian tradition.Since 2019,he has been the youngest Associate Professor of Piano at the College of Chinese and ASEAN Arts(CCAA)at Chengdu University,where he has dedicated himself to shaping the next generation of musicians.展开更多
A Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis of a power is important and useful in clinical trials.A Classical Conditional Power(CCP)is a probability of a classical rejection region given values of true treatment ...A Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis of a power is important and useful in clinical trials.A Classical Conditional Power(CCP)is a probability of a classical rejection region given values of true treatment effect and interim result.For hypotheses and reversed hypotheses under normal models,we obtain analytical expressions of the ROC curves of the CCP,find optimal ROC curves of the CCP,investigate the superiority of the ROC curves of the CCP,calculate critical values of the False Positive Rate(FPR),True Positive Rate(TPR),and cutoff of the optimal CCP,and give go/no go decisions at the interim of the optimal CCP.In addition,extensive numerical experiments are carried out to exemplify our theoretical results.Finally,a real data example is performed to illustrate the go/no go decisions of the optimal CCP.展开更多
Although quantum Bayesian networks provide a promising paradigm for multi-agent decision-making,their practical application faces two challenges in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era.Limited qubit resources...Although quantum Bayesian networks provide a promising paradigm for multi-agent decision-making,their practical application faces two challenges in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era.Limited qubit resources restrict direct application to large-scale inference tasks.Additionally,no quantum methods are currently available for multi-agent collaborative decision-making.To address these,we propose a hybrid quantum–classical multi-agent decision-making framework based on hierarchical Bayesian networks,comprising two novel methods.The first one is a hybrid quantum–classical inference method based on hierarchical Bayesian networks.It decomposes large-scale hierarchical Bayesian networks into modular subnetworks.The inference for each subnetwork can be performed on NISQ devices,and the intermediate results are converted into classical messages for cross-layer transmission.The second one is a multi-agent decision-making method using the variational quantum eigensolver(VQE)in the influence diagram.This method models the collaborative decision-making with the influence diagram and encodes the expected utility of diverse actions into a Hamiltonian and subsequently determines the intra-group optimal action efficiently.Experimental validation on the IonQ quantum simulator demonstrates that the hierarchical method outperforms the non-hierarchical method at the functional inference level,and the VQE method can obtain the optimal strategy exactly at the collaborative decision-making level.Our research not only extends the application of quantum computing to multi-agent decision-making but also provides a practical solution for the NISQ era.展开更多
Understanding the thermodynamic behavior of complex fluids in confined environments is critical for various industrial and natural processes including but not limited to polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery(EOR).In ...Understanding the thermodynamic behavior of complex fluids in confined environments is critical for various industrial and natural processes including but not limited to polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery(EOR).In this work,we develop Atif-V2.0,an extended classical density functional theory(cDFT)framework that integrates the interfacial statistical associating fluid theory(iSAFT)to model multicomponent associating fluids composed of water-soluble polymers,alkanes,and water.Building on the original theoretical framework of Atif for modeling nanoconfined inhomogeneous fluids,Atif-V2.0 embeds explicit solvent and captures additional physical interactions-hydrogen bonding,which are critical in associating fluid systems.The other key feature of Atif-V2.0 is its ability to account for polymer topology.We demonstrate its capability by predicting the equilibrium structure and thermodynamic behavior of branched hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions near hard walls with various branching topologies,which provides a robust theoretical tool for the rational design of EOR polymers.展开更多
We investigate the mixed-state entanglement between two spins embedded in the XXZ Heisenberg chain under thermal equilibrium.By deriving an analytical expression for the entanglement of two-spin thermal states and ext...We investigate the mixed-state entanglement between two spins embedded in the XXZ Heisenberg chain under thermal equilibrium.By deriving an analytical expression for the entanglement of two-spin thermal states and extending this analysis to larger spin chains,we demonstrate that mixed-state entanglement is profoundly shaped by both disorder and temperature.Our results reveal a sharp distinction between many-body localized and ergodic phases,with entanglement vanishing above diferent fnite temperature thresholds.Furthermore,by analyzing non-adjacent spins,we uncover an approximate exponential decay of entanglement with separation.This work advances the understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition by linking the entanglement properties of small subsystems to the broader thermal environment,ofering an explanation for the absence of entanglement in macroscopic systems.These fndings provide critical insights into quantum many-body physics,bridging concepts from thermalization,localization,and quantum information theory.展开更多
Molecular cloning remains a cornerstone technique in genetic engineering and synthetic biology.In this study,we conducted a systematic comparative analysis between the classical cloning method and the Golden Gate asse...Molecular cloning remains a cornerstone technique in genetic engineering and synthetic biology.In this study,we conducted a systematic comparative analysis between the classical cloning method and the Golden Gate assembly technique,utilizing Escherichia coli as the model organism.Through polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplification,restriction enzyme digestion,ligation,transformation,and Sanger sequencing,we assessed the operational efficiency and cloning fidelity of both strategies.Our results demonstrated that Golden Gate assembly,leveraging type IIS restriction enzymes and simultaneous ligation,significantly enhanced cloning efficiency and precision,particularly for seamless multi-fragment assembly.In contrast,the classical cloning approach maintained certain advantages in simplicity and robustness for specific experimental conditions.Challenges encountered during transformation and sequencing highlighted the critical impact of technical accuracy on experimental outcomes.This study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate cloning methodologies tailored to experimental objectives and laboratory capabilities,providing a foundation for optimized molecular cloning workflows in future synthetic biology and biotechnology applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Surgically created arterio-venous fistulas(AVFs)are the gold standard for haemodialysis access for patients with end-stage renal disease.Standard practice of AVF creation involves selecting the non-dominant...BACKGROUND Surgically created arterio-venous fistulas(AVFs)are the gold standard for haemodialysis access for patients with end-stage renal disease.Standard practice of AVF creation involves selecting the non-dominant upper limb and starting with most distally with radio-cephalic arterio-venous fistula.The primary patency rate of radio-cephalic arterio-venous fistula varies from 20%-25%.It has been suggested the neointimal hyperplasia at the mobilized venous segment causes stenosis of the anastomosis.Therefore,the radial artery deviation and reimplantation(RADAR)technique,in which the vein is minimally mobilized,should result in a higher success rate.AIM To compare the RADAR technique with classical technique in creation of AVF including:(1)Success rate;(2)Time to maturation;(3)Duration of surgery;and(4)Complication rate.METHODS In our study we recruited 94 patients in two randomized groups and performed the AVF by the classical method or the RADAR method.RESULTS The RADAR group had higher primary success rate(P=0.007),less rate of complications(P=0.04),shorter duration of surgery(P=0.00)and early time to maturation(0.001)when compared with the classical group.The RADAR procedure is a safe and a more efficient alternative to the current classical method of AVF creation.Longer duration of follow-up is required to assess the long-term outcomes in the future.CONCLUSION The RADAR procedure is a safe and more efficient alternative to the current classical method of AVF creation.Longer duration of follow-up is required to assess the long-term outcomes in the future.展开更多
This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AO...This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AOM is the Static Configuration/Dynamic Configuration (SC/DC) conjugate, which examines physical systems through the interaction between static spatial configurations and dynamic quantum states. The model introduces a Constant Frame Rate (CFR) to quantize time perception, providing a discrete model for time evolution in quantum systems. By modifying the Schrödinger equation with CFR, the AOM bridges quantum and classical physics, offering a unified interpretation where classical determinism and quantum uncertainty coexist. A key feature of the AOM is its energy scaling model, where energy grows exponentially with spatial dimensionality, following the relationshipE∝(π)n. This dimensional scaling connects the discrete time perception of the observer with both quantum and classical energy distributions, providing insights into the nature of higher-dimensional spaces. Additionally, the AOM posits that spacetime curvature arises from quantum interactions, shaped by the observer’s discrete time perception. The model emphasizes the observer’s consciousness as a co-creator of reality, offering new approaches to understanding the quantum-classical transition. While speculative, the AOM opens new avenues for addressing foundational questions in quantum mechanics, relativity, dimensionality, and the nature of reality.展开更多
基金Supported partially by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271033,81470621)
文摘AIM: To investigate whether the complement system is involved in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR).METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided randomly into OIR group and control group. OIR was induced by exposing mice to 75% ±2% oxygen from postnatal 7d(P7) to P12 and then recovered in room air.For the control group, the litters were raised in room air.At the postnatal 17d(P17), gene expressions of the complement components of the classical pathway(CP),the mannose-binding lectin(MBL) pathway and the alternative pathway(AP) in the retina were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Retinal protein expressions of the key components in the CP were examined by Western blotting.· RESULTS: Whole mounted retina in the OIR mice showed area of central hypoperfusion in both superficial and deep layers and neovascular tufts in the periphery.The expressions of C1 qb and C4 b genes in the OIR retina were significantly higher than those of the controls. The expression of retinal complement factor B(CFB) gene in OIR mice was significantly lower than those of the controls. However, the expressions of C3 and complement factor H(CFH) genes were higher. The protein synthesis of the key components involved in the CP(C1q, C4 and C3) were also significantly higher in OIR mouse retina. Although MBL-associated serine protease 1(MASP1) and MASP2 were detected in both the OIR and the control groups, the expressions were weak and the difference between the two groups was not significant.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the complement system CP is activated during the pathogenesis of murine model of OIR.
文摘[Objective] The paper was to formulate classical swine fever( CSF) immunization procedures in large-scale pig farms. [Method] Antibody maintenance time and dynamics of material antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA),and scientific primary immunization time of piglets was explored. [Result] The positive rate of sows reached the highest level of 93% at 4 weeks post immunization. Piglets were immunized at 9 weeks of age,the antibody level did not increase at 3 weeks post immunization,but increased rapidly after secondary immunization; the antibody level in late fattening period was high,and pigs could be protected completely. [Conclusion]General prevention of CSF is suitable for scale farming. It takes about 4 weeks to produce CSF antibody. Therefore,pig farms should conduct immunization timely at one month prior to susceptible stage according to their infection pressure.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11864014 and 11804130).
文摘We investigate the quantum to classical transition induced by two-particle interaction via a system of periodically kicked particles.The classical dynamics of particle 1 is almost unaffected in condition that its mass is much larger than that of particle 2.Interestingly,such classically weak influence leads to the quantum to classical transition of the dynamical behavior of particle 1.Namely,the quantum diffusion of this particle undergoes the transition from dynamical localization to the classically chaotic diffusion with the decrease of the effective Planck constantħeff.The behind physics is due to the growth of entanglement in the system.The classically very weak interaction leads to the exponential decay of purity in condition that the classical dynamics of external degrees freedom is strongly chaotic.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10874142)
文摘A new kind of quantum optical state, photon-added and -subtracted displaced Fock states, is introduced by applying the inverse of bosonic creation and annihilation operators to displaced Fock states. The quantum statistical properties of these states are investigated by numerical methods. Numerical results indicate that these states reveal some interesting non-classical properties, such as anti-bunching effects, sub-Poisson distributions and negativities of their Wigner functions.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(5419-202199552A-0-5-ZN).
文摘Explorations into new electrolytes have highlighted the critical impact of solvation structure on battery performance,Classical molecular dynamics(CMD)using semi-empirical force fields has become an essential tool for simulating solvation structures.However,mainstream force fields often lack accuracy in describing strong ion-solvent interactions,causing disparities between CMD simulations and experimental observations.Although some empirical methods have been employed in some of the studies to address this issue,their effectiveness has been limited.Our CMD research,supported by quantum chemical calculations and experimental data,reveals that the solvation structure is influenced not only by the charge model but also by the polarization description.Previous empirical approaches that focused solely on adjusting ion-solvent interaction strengths overlooked the importance of polarization effects.Building on this insight,we propose integrating the Drude polarization model into mainstream force fields and verify its feasibility in carbonate,ether,and nitrile electrolytes.Our experimental results demonstrate that this approach significantly enhances the accuracy of CMD-simulated solvation structures.This work is expected to provide a more reliable CMD method for electrolyte design,shielding researchers from the pitfalls of erroneous simulation outcomes.
基金supported by the SERB-Core Research Grant(Project RD/0122-SERB000-044)。
文摘The presence of background classical sources affects quantum field theory significantly in different ways.Neutrino oscillation is a phenomenon that confirms that neutrinos are massive fermions in nature,a celebrated result in modern physics.Neutrino oscillation plays an important role in many astrophysical observations.However,the interactions between the background classical sources with neutrinos are not often considered.In the present article,we show the effect of some classical sources,namely matter currents,electromagnetic waves,torsion,and gravitational waves on neutrino oscillation.It is shown explicitly that the above sources can change the helicity state of neutrinos during neutrino oscillation.
文摘Grass constitutes a vital poetic imagery in classical Chinese poetry,embodying multifaceted symbolic connotations ranging from the tenacity of life to sentiments of separation and nostalgic longing.The translation of this botanical motif necessitates not merely lexical equivalence,but more importantly,the transmission of its profound cultural resonance and aesthetic essence.This study posits that effective rendition of grass imagery should adopt an integrative approach synthesizing the objectives of cultural translation with the intrinsic aesthetic characteristics of classical poetry.Through systematic analysis of the cultural semiotics embedded in grass symbolism,the research investigates practical translation techniques at lexical,syntactic,and stylistic dimensions.The findings aim to contribute to the theoretical framework of cultural image translation in Chinese poetic tradition while providing methodological references for cross-cultural interpretation of classical verse.By bridging cultural semiotics with translation praxis,this investigation seeks to advance the intercultural communication of Chinese poetic heritage through nuanced treatment of its botanical symbolism.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2024MA033ZR2021QA049).
文摘This paper concerns the Cauchy problem of 3D compressible micropolar fluids in the whole space R^(3). For regular initial data with m0E0 is suitable small, where m0 and E0 represent the upper bound of initial density and initial energy, we prove that if ρ0 ∈ Lγ ∩ H3 with γ ∈ (1, 6), then the problem possesses a unique global classical solution on R^(3) × [0, T] with any T ∈ (0, ∞). It’s worth noting that both the vacuum states and possible random largeness of initial energy are allowed.
文摘More than a simple concert pianist,Wilson Chu is an Indonesian musical diplomacy force.As a distinguished performer,composer,and educator,Wilson has left an indelible mark on the international stage by seamlessly blending Western classical music with Southeast Asian tradition.Since 2019,he has been the youngest Associate Professor of Piano at the College of Chinese and ASEAN Arts(CCAA)at Chengdu University,where he has dedicated himself to shaping the next generation of musicians.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grand No.21XTJ001).
文摘A Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis of a power is important and useful in clinical trials.A Classical Conditional Power(CCP)is a probability of a classical rejection region given values of true treatment effect and interim result.For hypotheses and reversed hypotheses under normal models,we obtain analytical expressions of the ROC curves of the CCP,find optimal ROC curves of the CCP,investigate the superiority of the ROC curves of the CCP,calculate critical values of the False Positive Rate(FPR),True Positive Rate(TPR),and cutoff of the optimal CCP,and give go/no go decisions at the interim of the optimal CCP.In addition,extensive numerical experiments are carried out to exemplify our theoretical results.Finally,a real data example is performed to illustrate the go/no go decisions of the optimal CCP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62473371 and 61673389)。
文摘Although quantum Bayesian networks provide a promising paradigm for multi-agent decision-making,their practical application faces two challenges in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era.Limited qubit resources restrict direct application to large-scale inference tasks.Additionally,no quantum methods are currently available for multi-agent collaborative decision-making.To address these,we propose a hybrid quantum–classical multi-agent decision-making framework based on hierarchical Bayesian networks,comprising two novel methods.The first one is a hybrid quantum–classical inference method based on hierarchical Bayesian networks.It decomposes large-scale hierarchical Bayesian networks into modular subnetworks.The inference for each subnetwork can be performed on NISQ devices,and the intermediate results are converted into classical messages for cross-layer transmission.The second one is a multi-agent decision-making method using the variational quantum eigensolver(VQE)in the influence diagram.This method models the collaborative decision-making with the influence diagram and encodes the expected utility of diverse actions into a Hamiltonian and subsequently determines the intra-group optimal action efficiently.Experimental validation on the IonQ quantum simulator demonstrates that the hierarchical method outperforms the non-hierarchical method at the functional inference level,and the VQE method can obtain the optimal strategy exactly at the collaborative decision-making level.Our research not only extends the application of quantum computing to multi-agent decision-making but also provides a practical solution for the NISQ era.
基金financially supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China National Offshore Oil Corporation(No.KJGG2021-0504)。
文摘Understanding the thermodynamic behavior of complex fluids in confined environments is critical for various industrial and natural processes including but not limited to polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery(EOR).In this work,we develop Atif-V2.0,an extended classical density functional theory(cDFT)framework that integrates the interfacial statistical associating fluid theory(iSAFT)to model multicomponent associating fluids composed of water-soluble polymers,alkanes,and water.Building on the original theoretical framework of Atif for modeling nanoconfined inhomogeneous fluids,Atif-V2.0 embeds explicit solvent and captures additional physical interactions-hydrogen bonding,which are critical in associating fluid systems.The other key feature of Atif-V2.0 is its ability to account for polymer topology.We demonstrate its capability by predicting the equilibrium structure and thermodynamic behavior of branched hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions near hard walls with various branching topologies,which provides a robust theoretical tool for the rational design of EOR polymers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92365202,12475011,and 11921005)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1409002)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)。
文摘We investigate the mixed-state entanglement between two spins embedded in the XXZ Heisenberg chain under thermal equilibrium.By deriving an analytical expression for the entanglement of two-spin thermal states and extending this analysis to larger spin chains,we demonstrate that mixed-state entanglement is profoundly shaped by both disorder and temperature.Our results reveal a sharp distinction between many-body localized and ergodic phases,with entanglement vanishing above diferent fnite temperature thresholds.Furthermore,by analyzing non-adjacent spins,we uncover an approximate exponential decay of entanglement with separation.This work advances the understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition by linking the entanglement properties of small subsystems to the broader thermal environment,ofering an explanation for the absence of entanglement in macroscopic systems.These fndings provide critical insights into quantum many-body physics,bridging concepts from thermalization,localization,and quantum information theory.
文摘Molecular cloning remains a cornerstone technique in genetic engineering and synthetic biology.In this study,we conducted a systematic comparative analysis between the classical cloning method and the Golden Gate assembly technique,utilizing Escherichia coli as the model organism.Through polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplification,restriction enzyme digestion,ligation,transformation,and Sanger sequencing,we assessed the operational efficiency and cloning fidelity of both strategies.Our results demonstrated that Golden Gate assembly,leveraging type IIS restriction enzymes and simultaneous ligation,significantly enhanced cloning efficiency and precision,particularly for seamless multi-fragment assembly.In contrast,the classical cloning approach maintained certain advantages in simplicity and robustness for specific experimental conditions.Challenges encountered during transformation and sequencing highlighted the critical impact of technical accuracy on experimental outcomes.This study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate cloning methodologies tailored to experimental objectives and laboratory capabilities,providing a foundation for optimized molecular cloning workflows in future synthetic biology and biotechnology applications.
文摘BACKGROUND Surgically created arterio-venous fistulas(AVFs)are the gold standard for haemodialysis access for patients with end-stage renal disease.Standard practice of AVF creation involves selecting the non-dominant upper limb and starting with most distally with radio-cephalic arterio-venous fistula.The primary patency rate of radio-cephalic arterio-venous fistula varies from 20%-25%.It has been suggested the neointimal hyperplasia at the mobilized venous segment causes stenosis of the anastomosis.Therefore,the radial artery deviation and reimplantation(RADAR)technique,in which the vein is minimally mobilized,should result in a higher success rate.AIM To compare the RADAR technique with classical technique in creation of AVF including:(1)Success rate;(2)Time to maturation;(3)Duration of surgery;and(4)Complication rate.METHODS In our study we recruited 94 patients in two randomized groups and performed the AVF by the classical method or the RADAR method.RESULTS The RADAR group had higher primary success rate(P=0.007),less rate of complications(P=0.04),shorter duration of surgery(P=0.00)and early time to maturation(0.001)when compared with the classical group.The RADAR procedure is a safe and a more efficient alternative to the current classical method of AVF creation.Longer duration of follow-up is required to assess the long-term outcomes in the future.CONCLUSION The RADAR procedure is a safe and more efficient alternative to the current classical method of AVF creation.Longer duration of follow-up is required to assess the long-term outcomes in the future.
文摘This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AOM is the Static Configuration/Dynamic Configuration (SC/DC) conjugate, which examines physical systems through the interaction between static spatial configurations and dynamic quantum states. The model introduces a Constant Frame Rate (CFR) to quantize time perception, providing a discrete model for time evolution in quantum systems. By modifying the Schrödinger equation with CFR, the AOM bridges quantum and classical physics, offering a unified interpretation where classical determinism and quantum uncertainty coexist. A key feature of the AOM is its energy scaling model, where energy grows exponentially with spatial dimensionality, following the relationshipE∝(π)n. This dimensional scaling connects the discrete time perception of the observer with both quantum and classical energy distributions, providing insights into the nature of higher-dimensional spaces. Additionally, the AOM posits that spacetime curvature arises from quantum interactions, shaped by the observer’s discrete time perception. The model emphasizes the observer’s consciousness as a co-creator of reality, offering new approaches to understanding the quantum-classical transition. While speculative, the AOM opens new avenues for addressing foundational questions in quantum mechanics, relativity, dimensionality, and the nature of reality.
