This study investigates the thermo–mechanical behavior of C40 concrete and reinforced concrete subjected to elevated temperatures up to 700℃by integrating experimental testing and advanced numerical modeling.A tempe...This study investigates the thermo–mechanical behavior of C40 concrete and reinforced concrete subjected to elevated temperatures up to 700℃by integrating experimental testing and advanced numerical modeling.A temperature-indexed Concrete Damage Plasticity(CDP)framework incorporating bond–slip effects was developed in Abaqus to capture both global stress–strain responses and localized damage evolution.Uniaxial compression tests on thermally exposed cylinders provided residual strength data and failure observations for model calibration and validation.Results demonstrated a distinct two-stage degradation regime:moderate stiffness and strength reduction up to~400℃,followed by sharp deterioration beyond 500℃–600℃,with residual capacity at 700℃reduced to~20%–25%of the ambient value.Strain–damage analyses revealed the formation of a peripheral tensile strain band,which thickened and propagated inward with increasing temperature,governing crack initiation and cover spalling.Supplemental analyses highlighted that transverse reinforcement improved ductility and damage distribution at moderate temperatures(~300℃),but bond deterioration and steel softening beyond~600℃substantially diminished confinement effectiveness.The proposed CDP model accurately reproduced experimental stress–strain curves(R^(2)≈0.94–0.98 up to 600℃;≈0.90 at 700℃),with peak stress errors within 7%–10%and energy absorption captured within~12%.These findings confirm the robustness of the temperature-indexed CDP framework for simulating fire-damaged reinforced concrete and provide practical guidelines for post-fire assessment,spalling detection,and fire-resilient design of structural members.展开更多
In this paper some improvements on certainty factor model are discussed aiming at:1)including, in a rule“E→H”,not only the CF of H when E exists but also CF of(?)when E does not exist(partly or completely).For this...In this paper some improvements on certainty factor model are discussed aiming at:1)including, in a rule“E→H”,not only the CF of H when E exists but also CF of(?)when E does not exist(partly or completely).For this purpose another factor(?)is added into the original model;2) improving the model so that it can tackle problems with unknown evidence.In this aspect two concepts are introduced:(relative)maximum existence risk and(relative)maximum non-existence risk.An impor- tant result is that even if some necessary evidence is unknown one can still know the tendency whether the conclusion is true.Based on the improvements a conflict resolution model for problem-level conflict is also presented展开更多
随着全球经济一体化和网络技术的发展,跨境电商已经成为我国服装企业走向国际的重要途径。以A区域服装企业为研究对象,深入研究跨境电商对其市场规模和运作模式产生的深远影响,揭示其在品牌精准营销、出口成本控制、数据管理效率和线上...随着全球经济一体化和网络技术的发展,跨境电商已经成为我国服装企业走向国际的重要途径。以A区域服装企业为研究对象,深入研究跨境电商对其市场规模和运作模式产生的深远影响,揭示其在品牌精准营销、出口成本控制、数据管理效率和线上线下渠道协同等方面存在的问题。从提高营销活动质量、有效控制出口成本、依托客户数据平台(customer data platform,CDP)激活数字化营销、灵活应用数字化技术优势、借势新兴技术与政策红利五个方面,为我国服装企业制订数字化营销优化方案,以帮助我国服装企业更好地适应跨境电商大环境,从而增强国际竞争力。展开更多
文摘This study investigates the thermo–mechanical behavior of C40 concrete and reinforced concrete subjected to elevated temperatures up to 700℃by integrating experimental testing and advanced numerical modeling.A temperature-indexed Concrete Damage Plasticity(CDP)framework incorporating bond–slip effects was developed in Abaqus to capture both global stress–strain responses and localized damage evolution.Uniaxial compression tests on thermally exposed cylinders provided residual strength data and failure observations for model calibration and validation.Results demonstrated a distinct two-stage degradation regime:moderate stiffness and strength reduction up to~400℃,followed by sharp deterioration beyond 500℃–600℃,with residual capacity at 700℃reduced to~20%–25%of the ambient value.Strain–damage analyses revealed the formation of a peripheral tensile strain band,which thickened and propagated inward with increasing temperature,governing crack initiation and cover spalling.Supplemental analyses highlighted that transverse reinforcement improved ductility and damage distribution at moderate temperatures(~300℃),but bond deterioration and steel softening beyond~600℃substantially diminished confinement effectiveness.The proposed CDP model accurately reproduced experimental stress–strain curves(R^(2)≈0.94–0.98 up to 600℃;≈0.90 at 700℃),with peak stress errors within 7%–10%and energy absorption captured within~12%.These findings confirm the robustness of the temperature-indexed CDP framework for simulating fire-damaged reinforced concrete and provide practical guidelines for post-fire assessment,spalling detection,and fire-resilient design of structural members.
文摘In this paper some improvements on certainty factor model are discussed aiming at:1)including, in a rule“E→H”,not only the CF of H when E exists but also CF of(?)when E does not exist(partly or completely).For this purpose another factor(?)is added into the original model;2) improving the model so that it can tackle problems with unknown evidence.In this aspect two concepts are introduced:(relative)maximum existence risk and(relative)maximum non-existence risk.An impor- tant result is that even if some necessary evidence is unknown one can still know the tendency whether the conclusion is true.Based on the improvements a conflict resolution model for problem-level conflict is also presented
文摘随着全球经济一体化和网络技术的发展,跨境电商已经成为我国服装企业走向国际的重要途径。以A区域服装企业为研究对象,深入研究跨境电商对其市场规模和运作模式产生的深远影响,揭示其在品牌精准营销、出口成本控制、数据管理效率和线上线下渠道协同等方面存在的问题。从提高营销活动质量、有效控制出口成本、依托客户数据平台(customer data platform,CDP)激活数字化营销、灵活应用数字化技术优势、借势新兴技术与政策红利五个方面,为我国服装企业制订数字化营销优化方案,以帮助我国服装企业更好地适应跨境电商大环境,从而增强国际竞争力。
