Dear editor,As of 2023,the domestic cat population in China reached 65 million,surpassing dogs to become the most numerous companion animal in the country.Feline calicivirus(FCV)infection,one of the three most prevale...Dear editor,As of 2023,the domestic cat population in China reached 65 million,surpassing dogs to become the most numerous companion animal in the country.Feline calicivirus(FCV)infection,one of the three most prevalent infectious diseases in cats,poses a severe threat to feline health.FCV,classified under the Caliciviridae family(genus Vesivirus).展开更多
在英语影视剧或文学作品中,你或许见过这样的场景:主角望着窗外倾盆大雨惊呼“It’s raining cats and dogs!”。其中,raining cats and dogs字面意思是“天上掉猫狗”,实际却用来形容暴雨如瀑布般猛烈。这种超现实的表达并非空穴来风,...在英语影视剧或文学作品中,你或许见过这样的场景:主角望着窗外倾盆大雨惊呼“It’s raining cats and dogs!”。其中,raining cats and dogs字面意思是“天上掉猫狗”,实际却用来形容暴雨如瀑布般猛烈。这种超现实的表达并非空穴来风,它的诞生糅合了神话想象与历史现实,成为英语文化中一道独特的语言风景。展开更多
Psychophysical experiments on human and animal subjects have proven that aged individuals show significantly reduced visual contrast sensitivity compared with young adults.To uncover the possible neural mechanisms,we ...Psychophysical experiments on human and animal subjects have proven that aged individuals show significantly reduced visual contrast sensitivity compared with young adults.To uncover the possible neural mechanisms,we used extracellular single-unit recording techniques to examine the response of V1（primary visual cortex） neurons as a function of visual stimulus contrast in both old and young adult cats（Felis catus）.The mean contrast sensitivity of V1 neurons to visual stimuli in old cats decreased significantly relative to young adult cats,consistent with findings reported in old primates.These results indicate that aging can affect contrast sensitivity of visual cortical cells in both primate and non-primate mammalian animals,and might contribute to the reduction of perceptual visual contrast sensitivity in aged individuals.Further,V1 cells of old cats exhibited increased responsiveness,decreased signal-to-noise ratio,and enlarged receptive field（RF） size compared with that of young adult cats,which indicated that decreased contrast sensitivity of V1 neurons accompanied a reduction of intracortical inhibition during senescence.展开更多
By the Bog of Cats… is the representative work of Irish playwright Marina Carr. Carr tells a story of abandonment and revenge in Ireland at the end of the 20th century, based on the ancient Greek tragedy Medea. By th...By the Bog of Cats… is the representative work of Irish playwright Marina Carr. Carr tells a story of abandonment and revenge in Ireland at the end of the 20th century, based on the ancient Greek tragedy Medea. By the Bog of Cats… not only places the original world view in the modern embodiment of life but also matches the modern drama creation with the ancient poetics theory, reflecting the strong characteristics of ancient Greek tragedy. Starting from the plot structure, destiny motif, and creative skills, this paper aims to analyze By the Bog of Cats…’s inheritance and echo of ancient Greek tragedy, and show its strong historical discourse and sense of responsibility for the times.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions...Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions than did neurons in young adult counterparts.However,whether the responsive difference in cortical neurons between young and old animals resulted from different effects induced by anesthetics has remained unclear.To clarify this issue,we recorded the response properties of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex of old and young adult cats while systematically varying the anesthesia level of urethane,a widely used anesthetic in physiology experiments.Our results showed that cumulatively administrating 50 mg and 100 mg of urethane upon the minimal level of urethane required to anesthetize an old or young adult cat did not significantly alter the degree of neuronal response selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions nor significantly change the visually-driven response and spontaneous activity of neurons in old and young adult cats.Cumulatively administrating 150 mg of urethane decreased neuronal responsiveness similarly in both age groups.Therefore,urethane appears to exert similar effects on neuronal response properties of old and young adult animals.展开更多
Objective To examine whether the selectivity of visual cortical neurons to stimulus spatial frequencies would be affected by aging in cats.Methods In vivo extracellular single-unit recording techniques were employed t...Objective To examine whether the selectivity of visual cortical neurons to stimulus spatial frequencies would be affected by aging in cats.Methods In vivo extracellular single-unit recording techniques were employed to record the tuning responses of V1 neurons to different stimulus spatial frequencies in old and young adult cats.Results Statistical analysis showed that the mean optimal spatial frequency of grating stimuli that evoked the maximal response of V1 neurons in old cats was significantly lower than that in young adult cats.Furthermore,the mean high cut-off spatial frequency of grating stimuli that evoked the half amplitude of the maximal response of V1 neurons in old cats was also significantly lower than that in young adult cats.Conclusion These results are consistent with those reported in the V1 of old monkeys,suggesting that the age-related decline in the selectivity of visual cortical cells to spatial frequency could be generalized to all mammalian species and might contribute to visual acuity reduction in senescent individuals.展开更多
Perceptual learning of orientation discrimination was investigated using cats. Two adult cats （Cat 1 and 2） were trained to monocularly discriminate between two static striped sinusoidal grates with 30° orienta...Perceptual learning of orientation discrimination was investigated using cats. Two adult cats （Cat 1 and 2） were trained to monocularly discriminate between two static striped sinusoidal grates with 30° orientation difference. After greater than 80% correct performance was reached, cats were then required to monocularly perform a discrimination between two grates with consecutively shifting orientation difference（2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, 10°, 12°, 16°, 20°, 24°, 30°） . The staircase method （two correct-down and one error-up） was applied throughout the training to track the threshold of orientation difference that cats could detect. The performance of detecting grates with varied orientation difference was measured respectively for beth trained and untrained eyes before and after training. Our results showed that the learning effect of discrimination for grates with a fixed orientation difference transferred completely from the trained eye to the untrained eye, whereas the inter-eye transfer for detecting °ates with gradually reducing orientation difference was almost nonegrates. The two opposite learning effects in the same subject strongly suggest that different information processing mechanisms might mediate the learning processes.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1800100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32272982)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1477100).
文摘Dear editor,As of 2023,the domestic cat population in China reached 65 million,surpassing dogs to become the most numerous companion animal in the country.Feline calicivirus(FCV)infection,one of the three most prevalent infectious diseases in cats,poses a severe threat to feline health.FCV,classified under the Caliciviridae family(genus Vesivirus).
文摘在英语影视剧或文学作品中,你或许见过这样的场景:主角望着窗外倾盆大雨惊呼“It’s raining cats and dogs!”。其中,raining cats and dogs字面意思是“天上掉猫狗”,实际却用来形容暴雨如瀑布般猛烈。这种超现实的表达并非空穴来风,它的诞生糅合了神话想象与历史现实,成为英语文化中一道独特的语言风景。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171082)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(070413138)the Key Research Foundation of Anhui Province Education Department(KJ2009A167)
文摘Psychophysical experiments on human and animal subjects have proven that aged individuals show significantly reduced visual contrast sensitivity compared with young adults.To uncover the possible neural mechanisms,we used extracellular single-unit recording techniques to examine the response of V1（primary visual cortex） neurons as a function of visual stimulus contrast in both old and young adult cats（Felis catus）.The mean contrast sensitivity of V1 neurons to visual stimuli in old cats decreased significantly relative to young adult cats,consistent with findings reported in old primates.These results indicate that aging can affect contrast sensitivity of visual cortical cells in both primate and non-primate mammalian animals,and might contribute to the reduction of perceptual visual contrast sensitivity in aged individuals.Further,V1 cells of old cats exhibited increased responsiveness,decreased signal-to-noise ratio,and enlarged receptive field（RF） size compared with that of young adult cats,which indicated that decreased contrast sensitivity of V1 neurons accompanied a reduction of intracortical inhibition during senescence.
文摘By the Bog of Cats… is the representative work of Irish playwright Marina Carr. Carr tells a story of abandonment and revenge in Ireland at the end of the 20th century, based on the ancient Greek tragedy Medea. By the Bog of Cats… not only places the original world view in the modern embodiment of life but also matches the modern drama creation with the ancient poetics theory, reflecting the strong characteristics of ancient Greek tragedy. Starting from the plot structure, destiny motif, and creative skills, this paper aims to analyze By the Bog of Cats…’s inheritance and echo of ancient Greek tragedy, and show its strong historical discourse and sense of responsibility for the times.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (070413138)the Key Research Foundation of Anhui Province Education Department (KJ2009A167)
文摘Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions than did neurons in young adult counterparts.However,whether the responsive difference in cortical neurons between young and old animals resulted from different effects induced by anesthetics has remained unclear.To clarify this issue,we recorded the response properties of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex of old and young adult cats while systematically varying the anesthesia level of urethane,a widely used anesthetic in physiology experiments.Our results showed that cumulatively administrating 50 mg and 100 mg of urethane upon the minimal level of urethane required to anesthetize an old or young adult cat did not significantly alter the degree of neuronal response selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions nor significantly change the visually-driven response and spontaneous activity of neurons in old and young adult cats.Cumulatively administrating 150 mg of urethane decreased neuronal responsiveness similarly in both age groups.Therefore,urethane appears to exert similar effects on neuronal response properties of old and young adult animals.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No. 070413138)the Key Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province,China(No. KJ2009A167)
文摘Objective To examine whether the selectivity of visual cortical neurons to stimulus spatial frequencies would be affected by aging in cats.Methods In vivo extracellular single-unit recording techniques were employed to record the tuning responses of V1 neurons to different stimulus spatial frequencies in old and young adult cats.Results Statistical analysis showed that the mean optimal spatial frequency of grating stimuli that evoked the maximal response of V1 neurons in old cats was significantly lower than that in young adult cats.Furthermore,the mean high cut-off spatial frequency of grating stimuli that evoked the half amplitude of the maximal response of V1 neurons in old cats was also significantly lower than that in young adult cats.Conclusion These results are consistent with those reported in the V1 of old monkeys,suggesting that the age-related decline in the selectivity of visual cortical cells to spatial frequency could be generalized to all mammalian species and might contribute to visual acuity reduction in senescent individuals.
基金This work was supported by the Foundationfor Key Laboratories of Anhui Province andthe Initiating Fundfor Ph.D.in AnhuiNormal University
文摘Perceptual learning of orientation discrimination was investigated using cats. Two adult cats （Cat 1 and 2） were trained to monocularly discriminate between two static striped sinusoidal grates with 30° orientation difference. After greater than 80% correct performance was reached, cats were then required to monocularly perform a discrimination between two grates with consecutively shifting orientation difference（2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, 10°, 12°, 16°, 20°, 24°, 30°） . The staircase method （two correct-down and one error-up） was applied throughout the training to track the threshold of orientation difference that cats could detect. The performance of detecting grates with varied orientation difference was measured respectively for beth trained and untrained eyes before and after training. Our results showed that the learning effect of discrimination for grates with a fixed orientation difference transferred completely from the trained eye to the untrained eye, whereas the inter-eye transfer for detecting °ates with gradually reducing orientation difference was almost nonegrates. The two opposite learning effects in the same subject strongly suggest that different information processing mechanisms might mediate the learning processes.
