The emergence of the Byzantine Iconoclasm was underpinned by profound historical and cultural factors.Its impact on“icon veneration”serves as a paradigmatic case of religious image conflicts.Between the 16th and 19t...The emergence of the Byzantine Iconoclasm was underpinned by profound historical and cultural factors.Its impact on“icon veneration”serves as a paradigmatic case of religious image conflicts.Between the 16th and 19th centuries,as Catholicism expanded eastward into East Asia,deep-seated conflicts arising from“icon veneration”occurred.These conflicts involved the ancestral worship system in China,the taboos of Shinto in Japan,and the ritual codes in Korea influenced by Confucian culture.A comparative study of these conflicts with the Byzantine Iconoclasm is thus warranted.The conflicts between Catholicism and traditional cultures in East Asia are,in essence,manifestations of the cognitive disparities between the“sacredness”of icons and the“de-iconization”traditions within East Asian cultures.In contrast to the forceful destruction of icons in Byzantium,East Asian responses predominantly took the form of informal communal negotiations.For example,in Quanzhou,China,angel statues were placed within the niches of the Earth God,while in Japan,the Virgin Mary statue was adapted to resemble the Avalokitesvara statue.The key to resolving the conflicts regarding“icon veneration”lies in dissociating the political power connotations of icons and transforming them into“visual media”for cultural dialogue and“spiritual carriers”of a religious nature.The“East Asian experience”thus reveals a harmonization paradigm for religious inculturation during the dissemination of Catholicism,which holds significant implications for the contemporary spread and stability of Catholicism.展开更多
Pat Mora＇s House of Houses is a collection of memories about a Southwestern Mexican immigrant family. She develops multilayered meanings of the house in terms of psychological, spiritual, and sensory influences on bo...Pat Mora＇s House of Houses is a collection of memories about a Southwestern Mexican immigrant family. She develops multilayered meanings of the house in terms of psychological, spiritual, and sensory influences on both her private and communal life. She deploys sensory signiflers to portray religious and spiritual memories in a picturesque or performative way. The book reveals that the primacy of the senses as a perceptual device transforms the habitual religious rituals of popular Catholicism into the unconscious. This book shows how sensory perception is engaged in appropriating mystical space/time and interiorizing spiritual objects of family life. Thus, the paper investigates how the sensory agencies contribute to exploring culturally plural ways of experiencing the divine. It also illustrates how Mora＇s deployment of corporeality is related to her reassessment of femaleness and understanding of a meaning of the divine, which is distinctively embodied through 1o cotidiano. In effect, it focuses on Mora＇s treatment of the sensible body in connection with spiritual and religious connotations.展开更多
Masculinity is strictly a cultural concept. Each society interprets and applies arbitrary gender definitions differently. This study will make a distinction between cultural masculinity and biological maleness. Gender...Masculinity is strictly a cultural concept. Each society interprets and applies arbitrary gender definitions differently. This study will make a distinction between cultural masculinity and biological maleness. Gender disparity, he will argue, is deeply rooted in the Judeo-Christian tradition and remains the basis for feminine and masculine gender stereotypes in Spanish speaking Latin America. Mary, as virgin and mother, represents the sole role model for Hispanic women, while the male identity will be traced to Adam, Joseph and Catholic priesthood with the church as ultimate wedded partner. In addition, the Spanish conquest influenced male gender identity in Latin America. The small physique of the indigenous peoples of Latin America, combined with the loss of land to the Spaniards questioned the social identity of the male. In order to compensate for their military inferiority and physical weakness, indigenous males developed an elaborate system of masculine behaviors, in short machismo. Simultaneously, the acceptance of Catholic doctrines replaced the natural biology of men and women. This study will analyze the social impact of Hispanic gender identity as interaction between Spanish conquest and Catholic doctrine.展开更多
This paper takes up an ambivalence in Rawls’thought concerning the propriety of religious reason in public discourse.After a general introduction,the second paragraph gives a basic description of the two sides of thi...This paper takes up an ambivalence in Rawls’thought concerning the propriety of religious reason in public discourse.After a general introduction,the second paragraph gives a basic description of the two sides of this ambivalence.In the third paragraph,Joseph Ratzinger is introduced as a potential dialogue partner with Rawls,in as much as one side of Rawls’thought can be interpreted to be congenial to religious reasons that occur with his requirement for public reason.The aim of this paper is,eventually,to open the path towards a possible reconciliation between Rawls’positions and those of the Catholic tradition,as suggested by Joseph Ratzinger.Although some dialectical tensions remain,engaging the Ratzingerian idea of a“mutual correction”might result into a fruitful encounter of different views.展开更多
The history of the relationship between Spiritism and Catholicism in Brazil can be traced through pivotal moments in the trajectory of the First Republic and the religious field since the 19th century,reflecting Brazi...The history of the relationship between Spiritism and Catholicism in Brazil can be traced through pivotal moments in the trajectory of the First Republic and the religious field since the 19th century,reflecting Brazil’s evolution into a modern,urban,and industrial society.Introduced to Brazil in the 1880s,Spiritism initially faced severe opposition from the Catholic Church,being dismissed as superstition and demon worship due to its engagement with death and spirits.Unlike Christianity,Spiritism denies the divinity of Jesus,the resurrection,and the sanctity of Church sacraments,viewing demons and angels merely as disembodied souls at different spiritual stages.Early perceptions were further complicated by the mixing of Spiritism with African and indigenous rites,which led critics to associate it with madness and mental health threats.However,the relationship between Catholicism and Spiritism in Brazil has evolved positively,particularly following the popularization of Spiritism by figures like Chico Xavier.Modern Brazilian society,characterized by increased education and religious syncretism,has grown more tolerant of diverse practices and beliefs,diminishing historical prejudices against Spiritists.This qualitative study,drawing on scholarly research and first-hand interviews,reveals that Spiritism's acceptance among Brazilian Catholics is due to its convergence with contemporary social values and the evolving profile of the average Catholic.Despite possessing a religion-like character,Spiritism is seen less as a distinct religion and more as a complementary set of practices and beliefs that enhance Catholic faith.This phenomenon mirrors the integration of Agama Hindu practices,reinforcing rather than undermining traditional religious identities.展开更多
As of French, German and Ojibwe mixed-blood origin, Louise Erdrich, a well-known and prolific American writer, has always been dealing with the theme of the relationship between Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality in ...As of French, German and Ojibwe mixed-blood origin, Louise Erdrich, a well-known and prolific American writer, has always been dealing with the theme of the relationship between Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality in her fictional world. Her attitude towards Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality has sparked a heated discussion among scholars and researchers in recent years. Under such academic atmosphere, therefore, LaRose is discussed in this paper. It is shown inLaRose that when white and tribal history come together, where Catholic and traditional spirit worlds intersect, and when Western legal justice cannot solve an ethical problem, Ojibwe spirituality can be used for healing trauma, which is represented through the tradition of adoption as a spiritual reparation, the acquisition of power through naming and biological inheritance and the practice of rituals and ceremonies, from all of which the healing power is derived. Rather than being a syncretism with Catholic, Ojibwe spirituality should preserve its own traditions and cultures to survive generational as well as individual trauma and maintain a culture survivance展开更多
For a period of some 10 years, two Roman Catholic priests, James Gillis, CSP and John LaFarge, SJ, became unlikely collaborators and colleagues in their common effort to bring greater justice to Black Catholics in the...For a period of some 10 years, two Roman Catholic priests, James Gillis, CSP and John LaFarge, SJ, became unlikely collaborators and colleagues in their common effort to bring greater justice to Black Catholics in the United States. Gillis, a strong political and theological conservative and LaFarge, a much more liberal thinker, were two prominent members of the Northeast Clergy Conference for Negro Welfare, a group that arose on the early 1930s and for the next decade produced documents, programs, and initiated various initiatives to better the life of Black Catholics, initially in the Northeast part of the country and then broadening out its reach in a more general way. The ability for two apparent opposites to collaborate in a common effort to assist an oppressed group tells an interesting story of cooperation between apparent political and religious opposites.展开更多
This work analyzes the discourse and the practice of the youth from the Catholic Church （CC） in order to present experiences and dialogues present in contemporary Catholicism. The purpose of this paper is to analyze...This work analyzes the discourse and the practice of the youth from the Catholic Church （CC） in order to present experiences and dialogues present in contemporary Catholicism. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how Catholic groups work, in particular groups of Pastoral Youth and Charismatic Renovation prayer groups. As a result, observations are presented from an ethnographic work in groups identified with the spirituality of Liberation Theology and from charismatic ones. Besides, the text shows, from participants＇ experiences, the differences between both perspectives of religious living and the detachment and lack of dialogue which exists inside Catholicism.展开更多
The author decided to explore Maslow’s theory of needs within a Catholic hospital in which 80%of the medical and service staff are non-Christians.The requirements to be focused on include a vision of medical care and...The author decided to explore Maslow’s theory of needs within a Catholic hospital in which 80%of the medical and service staff are non-Christians.The requirements to be focused on include a vision of medical care and service in accordance with the values and mission of Catholicism,and in the context of the highest level of attachment of employees to Cardinal Tien Hospital.The author also wondered whether there was evidence of a shift in employee needs for a sense of meaning in the workplace.If so,how should,or could,the organization and its leaders respond to it?展开更多
Araby is one of the short stories in James Joyce's collection,Dubliners.In the novel Araby,James Joyce used several religious images,such as the priest's books,the chalice,the wild garden and the name of bazaa...Araby is one of the short stories in James Joyce's collection,Dubliners.In the novel Araby,James Joyce used several religious images,such as the priest's books,the chalice,the wild garden and the name of bazaar,Araby.This paper is an attempt to analyze these religious images within the context,finding the idea that the Catholic belief's decline and people's confusion of the traditional faith which the writer intended to convey.展开更多
Clay tells the story the protagonist Maria.She was a Catholic.However,the Catholic has slaved Maria’s spirit to a great extent.This paper analyzes on one hand,Maria’s personalities and psychological characteristics ...Clay tells the story the protagonist Maria.She was a Catholic.However,the Catholic has slaved Maria’s spirit to a great extent.This paper analyzes on one hand,Maria’s personalities and psychological characteristics from a series of details in Maria’s all life-time;on the other hand,what the clay really symbolizes.展开更多
Objective:To identify factors that determine the uptake of in-vitro fertilization(IVF),and to determine the predicting effect of the identified factors on the uptake of IVF among couples attending fertility clinic at ...Objective:To identify factors that determine the uptake of in-vitro fertilization(IVF),and to determine the predicting effect of the identified factors on the uptake of IVF among couples attending fertility clinic at a tertiary health institution in Benin City,Nigeria.Methods:This study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design.A self-structured questionnaire tested was validated and administered to 250 couples who attended fertility clinic.Data were collected from March 2021 to June 2021 and were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS)version 21.Data were presented and interpreted using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Chi-square,univariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:Among 250 couples,154(61.6%)were willing to adopt IVF.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that catholic religion[odds ratio(OR)0.21,95%confident interval(CI)0.54-0.73],family income(OR 1.50,95%CI 1.10-2.00)and age(OR 1.04,95%CI 1.01-1.10)were the major factors that determined the uptake of IVF,with P-value of<0.001,0.018 and 0.031,respectively.Conclusions:The uptake of IVF could be sustained or improved on,if the government should improve on the cost of living for families,and religious leaders need to be encouraged to pass on the information about IVF to their members to be well guided about the possibilities of IVF.展开更多
Adichie＇s Purple Hibiscus is a feminist work that challenges the dehumanizing tendencies of the menfolk as evident in the character of Mama （Beatrice Achike） who eventually exposed the African conception of an idea...Adichie＇s Purple Hibiscus is a feminist work that challenges the dehumanizing tendencies of the menfolk as evident in the character of Mama （Beatrice Achike） who eventually exposed the African conception of an ideal woman who keeps dumb even in the face of humiliation, victimization, and brutality so as to be perceived as a good woman. We will make a resounding case to portray that Achike belongs to the category of liberal feminism. However, as events unfolds, she was forced by situations beyond her control to respond and go radical in order to crush anything that stands in her way to happiness. Efforts will be made to show how African women are rated based on the real and good women as represented by Ifeoma and Beatrice Achike respectively. This essay in exploring the different tenets of feminism will acknowledge that radical feminism is an off shoot of violence. We shall argue that radical feminism is a radical reaction to dehumanization, humiliation, and violence. This study seeks to address the issue of feminism and how characters subject to series of humiliation that leads to a radical approach to gain their freedom.展开更多
Diversity among organizations may promote a better organizational performance, and diversity management can be used as a competent strategic management conceptual framework in the governance of religious congregations...Diversity among organizations may promote a better organizational performance, and diversity management can be used as a competent strategic management conceptual framework in the governance of religious congregations, just as for other organizational forms. Catholic religious congregations are currently undergoing profound changes： They are more and more multicultural; The younger generations have a different understanding of their consecrated in comparison with the previous generations; In addition, they deal with a growing role of lay people in the Church. The study investigated the specific challenges faced by governance of religious congregations, as particular organizational form, in terms of organizational health. A semi-structured interview was administered to a sample of catholic consecrated people （n = 40）. Differences emerged among participants coming from different cultures as well as between younger and older members on their representation and perception of normative organizational control, and differences emerged also on the role and the tasks expected from leaders and followers.展开更多
Known as a representative of the English metaphysical poets, John Donne＇s poems are under Protestant pretence. Scepticism, cynicism, anxiety and penitence as well as the employment of numerous religious images constr...Known as a representative of the English metaphysical poets, John Donne＇s poems are under Protestant pretence. Scepticism, cynicism, anxiety and penitence as well as the employment of numerous religious images construct the unique and profound characteristics of John Donne＇s poetry. The paper focuses on the Protestant pretence in Donne＇s poetry. In order to avoid religious persecution and to realize his ambition, Donne deserted Catholicism and converted into a Protestant. Inner conflicts and struggle are revealed in many of his poems. Scepticism and penitence are also embodiments of Donne＇s Protestant pretence in poetry.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to explore the urban morphological aspects of cities governed by the juridical regime of emphyteusis, a recurrent situation in the northeastern part of the state of Silo Paulo, Brazil, wit...The purpose of this study is to explore the urban morphological aspects of cities governed by the juridical regime of emphyteusis, a recurrent situation in the northeastern part of the state of Silo Paulo, Brazil, with special attention to the city of Ribeirao Preto. The concession of lands to the Catholic Church was a recurring practice in Brazil during the colonial and imperial periods, when the cities were being established. As these lands were intended for the formation of patrimonial goods to show the devotion of the residents to a Catholic saint, the lands were not allowed to be commercialized. The tenure reveals a relation in which there is an owner--the landlord--who has direct control of the urban land. This owner allows another--the leaseholder--the useful domain of the land, thus giving the latter the right to use the land, the obligation to pay an annual tax and the responsibility to give the owner a percentage of the sales generated from the land. In 1845, farmers donated a tract of land to be used to glorify Silo Sebastiao. This land is now the city of Ribeirao Preto, and it is this conjuncture that defined the structure and the transformation of the original urban form of the current city.展开更多
The paper analyses a special moment-a so-called ＂revolutionar＂ campaign that was undertaken in all fields： social, cultural and religious ones in the contemporary history of Albania. And exactly, it analyses the dr...The paper analyses a special moment-a so-called ＂revolutionar＂ campaign that was undertaken in all fields： social, cultural and religious ones in the contemporary history of Albania. And exactly, it analyses the dramatic turn undertaken by the dictatorial communist regime during the years of 1966-1969. As a result, in period of few years, Albanian was transformed into the only atheist country in the world, because since November 13, 1967, the religious activities were banned and this situation lasted until 1976 from the constitutional point of view.展开更多
引言在天主教神学传统中,不仅有天主教教理所涉及的神学论题,如《圣事论》、《圣宠论》等;还包括从天主教神学视角来讨论社会问题的神学,如天主教社会训导(Catholic Social Teachings)。天主教社会训导可追溯于1891年良十三所颁布的《...引言在天主教神学传统中,不仅有天主教教理所涉及的神学论题,如《圣事论》、《圣宠论》等;还包括从天主教神学视角来讨论社会问题的神学,如天主教社会训导(Catholic Social Teachings)。天主教社会训导可追溯于1891年良十三所颁布的《新事》展开更多
文摘The emergence of the Byzantine Iconoclasm was underpinned by profound historical and cultural factors.Its impact on“icon veneration”serves as a paradigmatic case of religious image conflicts.Between the 16th and 19th centuries,as Catholicism expanded eastward into East Asia,deep-seated conflicts arising from“icon veneration”occurred.These conflicts involved the ancestral worship system in China,the taboos of Shinto in Japan,and the ritual codes in Korea influenced by Confucian culture.A comparative study of these conflicts with the Byzantine Iconoclasm is thus warranted.The conflicts between Catholicism and traditional cultures in East Asia are,in essence,manifestations of the cognitive disparities between the“sacredness”of icons and the“de-iconization”traditions within East Asian cultures.In contrast to the forceful destruction of icons in Byzantium,East Asian responses predominantly took the form of informal communal negotiations.For example,in Quanzhou,China,angel statues were placed within the niches of the Earth God,while in Japan,the Virgin Mary statue was adapted to resemble the Avalokitesvara statue.The key to resolving the conflicts regarding“icon veneration”lies in dissociating the political power connotations of icons and transforming them into“visual media”for cultural dialogue and“spiritual carriers”of a religious nature.The“East Asian experience”thus reveals a harmonization paradigm for religious inculturation during the dissemination of Catholicism,which holds significant implications for the contemporary spread and stability of Catholicism.
文摘Pat Mora＇s House of Houses is a collection of memories about a Southwestern Mexican immigrant family. She develops multilayered meanings of the house in terms of psychological, spiritual, and sensory influences on both her private and communal life. She deploys sensory signiflers to portray religious and spiritual memories in a picturesque or performative way. The book reveals that the primacy of the senses as a perceptual device transforms the habitual religious rituals of popular Catholicism into the unconscious. This book shows how sensory perception is engaged in appropriating mystical space/time and interiorizing spiritual objects of family life. Thus, the paper investigates how the sensory agencies contribute to exploring culturally plural ways of experiencing the divine. It also illustrates how Mora＇s deployment of corporeality is related to her reassessment of femaleness and understanding of a meaning of the divine, which is distinctively embodied through 1o cotidiano. In effect, it focuses on Mora＇s treatment of the sensible body in connection with spiritual and religious connotations.
文摘Masculinity is strictly a cultural concept. Each society interprets and applies arbitrary gender definitions differently. This study will make a distinction between cultural masculinity and biological maleness. Gender disparity, he will argue, is deeply rooted in the Judeo-Christian tradition and remains the basis for feminine and masculine gender stereotypes in Spanish speaking Latin America. Mary, as virgin and mother, represents the sole role model for Hispanic women, while the male identity will be traced to Adam, Joseph and Catholic priesthood with the church as ultimate wedded partner. In addition, the Spanish conquest influenced male gender identity in Latin America. The small physique of the indigenous peoples of Latin America, combined with the loss of land to the Spaniards questioned the social identity of the male. In order to compensate for their military inferiority and physical weakness, indigenous males developed an elaborate system of masculine behaviors, in short machismo. Simultaneously, the acceptance of Catholic doctrines replaced the natural biology of men and women. This study will analyze the social impact of Hispanic gender identity as interaction between Spanish conquest and Catholic doctrine.
文摘This paper takes up an ambivalence in Rawls’thought concerning the propriety of religious reason in public discourse.After a general introduction,the second paragraph gives a basic description of the two sides of this ambivalence.In the third paragraph,Joseph Ratzinger is introduced as a potential dialogue partner with Rawls,in as much as one side of Rawls’thought can be interpreted to be congenial to religious reasons that occur with his requirement for public reason.The aim of this paper is,eventually,to open the path towards a possible reconciliation between Rawls’positions and those of the Catholic tradition,as suggested by Joseph Ratzinger.Although some dialectical tensions remain,engaging the Ratzingerian idea of a“mutual correction”might result into a fruitful encounter of different views.
文摘The history of the relationship between Spiritism and Catholicism in Brazil can be traced through pivotal moments in the trajectory of the First Republic and the religious field since the 19th century,reflecting Brazil’s evolution into a modern,urban,and industrial society.Introduced to Brazil in the 1880s,Spiritism initially faced severe opposition from the Catholic Church,being dismissed as superstition and demon worship due to its engagement with death and spirits.Unlike Christianity,Spiritism denies the divinity of Jesus,the resurrection,and the sanctity of Church sacraments,viewing demons and angels merely as disembodied souls at different spiritual stages.Early perceptions were further complicated by the mixing of Spiritism with African and indigenous rites,which led critics to associate it with madness and mental health threats.However,the relationship between Catholicism and Spiritism in Brazil has evolved positively,particularly following the popularization of Spiritism by figures like Chico Xavier.Modern Brazilian society,characterized by increased education and religious syncretism,has grown more tolerant of diverse practices and beliefs,diminishing historical prejudices against Spiritists.This qualitative study,drawing on scholarly research and first-hand interviews,reveals that Spiritism's acceptance among Brazilian Catholics is due to its convergence with contemporary social values and the evolving profile of the average Catholic.Despite possessing a religion-like character,Spiritism is seen less as a distinct religion and more as a complementary set of practices and beliefs that enhance Catholic faith.This phenomenon mirrors the integration of Agama Hindu practices,reinforcing rather than undermining traditional religious identities.
文摘As of French, German and Ojibwe mixed-blood origin, Louise Erdrich, a well-known and prolific American writer, has always been dealing with the theme of the relationship between Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality in her fictional world. Her attitude towards Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality has sparked a heated discussion among scholars and researchers in recent years. Under such academic atmosphere, therefore, LaRose is discussed in this paper. It is shown inLaRose that when white and tribal history come together, where Catholic and traditional spirit worlds intersect, and when Western legal justice cannot solve an ethical problem, Ojibwe spirituality can be used for healing trauma, which is represented through the tradition of adoption as a spiritual reparation, the acquisition of power through naming and biological inheritance and the practice of rituals and ceremonies, from all of which the healing power is derived. Rather than being a syncretism with Catholic, Ojibwe spirituality should preserve its own traditions and cultures to survive generational as well as individual trauma and maintain a culture survivance
文摘For a period of some 10 years, two Roman Catholic priests, James Gillis, CSP and John LaFarge, SJ, became unlikely collaborators and colleagues in their common effort to bring greater justice to Black Catholics in the United States. Gillis, a strong political and theological conservative and LaFarge, a much more liberal thinker, were two prominent members of the Northeast Clergy Conference for Negro Welfare, a group that arose on the early 1930s and for the next decade produced documents, programs, and initiated various initiatives to better the life of Black Catholics, initially in the Northeast part of the country and then broadening out its reach in a more general way. The ability for two apparent opposites to collaborate in a common effort to assist an oppressed group tells an interesting story of cooperation between apparent political and religious opposites.
文摘This work analyzes the discourse and the practice of the youth from the Catholic Church （CC） in order to present experiences and dialogues present in contemporary Catholicism. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how Catholic groups work, in particular groups of Pastoral Youth and Charismatic Renovation prayer groups. As a result, observations are presented from an ethnographic work in groups identified with the spirituality of Liberation Theology and from charismatic ones. Besides, the text shows, from participants＇ experiences, the differences between both perspectives of religious living and the detachment and lack of dialogue which exists inside Catholicism.
文摘The author decided to explore Maslow’s theory of needs within a Catholic hospital in which 80%of the medical and service staff are non-Christians.The requirements to be focused on include a vision of medical care and service in accordance with the values and mission of Catholicism,and in the context of the highest level of attachment of employees to Cardinal Tien Hospital.The author also wondered whether there was evidence of a shift in employee needs for a sense of meaning in the workplace.If so,how should,or could,the organization and its leaders respond to it?
文摘Araby is one of the short stories in James Joyce's collection,Dubliners.In the novel Araby,James Joyce used several religious images,such as the priest's books,the chalice,the wild garden and the name of bazaar,Araby.This paper is an attempt to analyze these religious images within the context,finding the idea that the Catholic belief's decline and people's confusion of the traditional faith which the writer intended to convey.
文摘Clay tells the story the protagonist Maria.She was a Catholic.However,the Catholic has slaved Maria’s spirit to a great extent.This paper analyzes on one hand,Maria’s personalities and psychological characteristics from a series of details in Maria’s all life-time;on the other hand,what the clay really symbolizes.
文摘Objective:To identify factors that determine the uptake of in-vitro fertilization(IVF),and to determine the predicting effect of the identified factors on the uptake of IVF among couples attending fertility clinic at a tertiary health institution in Benin City,Nigeria.Methods:This study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design.A self-structured questionnaire tested was validated and administered to 250 couples who attended fertility clinic.Data were collected from March 2021 to June 2021 and were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS)version 21.Data were presented and interpreted using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Chi-square,univariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:Among 250 couples,154(61.6%)were willing to adopt IVF.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that catholic religion[odds ratio(OR)0.21,95%confident interval(CI)0.54-0.73],family income(OR 1.50,95%CI 1.10-2.00)and age(OR 1.04,95%CI 1.01-1.10)were the major factors that determined the uptake of IVF,with P-value of<0.001,0.018 and 0.031,respectively.Conclusions:The uptake of IVF could be sustained or improved on,if the government should improve on the cost of living for families,and religious leaders need to be encouraged to pass on the information about IVF to their members to be well guided about the possibilities of IVF.
文摘Adichie＇s Purple Hibiscus is a feminist work that challenges the dehumanizing tendencies of the menfolk as evident in the character of Mama （Beatrice Achike） who eventually exposed the African conception of an ideal woman who keeps dumb even in the face of humiliation, victimization, and brutality so as to be perceived as a good woman. We will make a resounding case to portray that Achike belongs to the category of liberal feminism. However, as events unfolds, she was forced by situations beyond her control to respond and go radical in order to crush anything that stands in her way to happiness. Efforts will be made to show how African women are rated based on the real and good women as represented by Ifeoma and Beatrice Achike respectively. This essay in exploring the different tenets of feminism will acknowledge that radical feminism is an off shoot of violence. We shall argue that radical feminism is a radical reaction to dehumanization, humiliation, and violence. This study seeks to address the issue of feminism and how characters subject to series of humiliation that leads to a radical approach to gain their freedom.
文摘Diversity among organizations may promote a better organizational performance, and diversity management can be used as a competent strategic management conceptual framework in the governance of religious congregations, just as for other organizational forms. Catholic religious congregations are currently undergoing profound changes： They are more and more multicultural; The younger generations have a different understanding of their consecrated in comparison with the previous generations; In addition, they deal with a growing role of lay people in the Church. The study investigated the specific challenges faced by governance of religious congregations, as particular organizational form, in terms of organizational health. A semi-structured interview was administered to a sample of catholic consecrated people （n = 40）. Differences emerged among participants coming from different cultures as well as between younger and older members on their representation and perception of normative organizational control, and differences emerged also on the role and the tasks expected from leaders and followers.
文摘Known as a representative of the English metaphysical poets, John Donne＇s poems are under Protestant pretence. Scepticism, cynicism, anxiety and penitence as well as the employment of numerous religious images construct the unique and profound characteristics of John Donne＇s poetry. The paper focuses on the Protestant pretence in Donne＇s poetry. In order to avoid religious persecution and to realize his ambition, Donne deserted Catholicism and converted into a Protestant. Inner conflicts and struggle are revealed in many of his poems. Scepticism and penitence are also embodiments of Donne＇s Protestant pretence in poetry.
文摘The purpose of this study is to explore the urban morphological aspects of cities governed by the juridical regime of emphyteusis, a recurrent situation in the northeastern part of the state of Silo Paulo, Brazil, with special attention to the city of Ribeirao Preto. The concession of lands to the Catholic Church was a recurring practice in Brazil during the colonial and imperial periods, when the cities were being established. As these lands were intended for the formation of patrimonial goods to show the devotion of the residents to a Catholic saint, the lands were not allowed to be commercialized. The tenure reveals a relation in which there is an owner--the landlord--who has direct control of the urban land. This owner allows another--the leaseholder--the useful domain of the land, thus giving the latter the right to use the land, the obligation to pay an annual tax and the responsibility to give the owner a percentage of the sales generated from the land. In 1845, farmers donated a tract of land to be used to glorify Silo Sebastiao. This land is now the city of Ribeirao Preto, and it is this conjuncture that defined the structure and the transformation of the original urban form of the current city.
文摘The paper analyses a special moment-a so-called ＂revolutionar＂ campaign that was undertaken in all fields： social, cultural and religious ones in the contemporary history of Albania. And exactly, it analyses the dramatic turn undertaken by the dictatorial communist regime during the years of 1966-1969. As a result, in period of few years, Albanian was transformed into the only atheist country in the world, because since November 13, 1967, the religious activities were banned and this situation lasted until 1976 from the constitutional point of view.
