Following global catastrophic infrastructure loss(GCIL),traditional electricity networks would be damaged and unavailable for energy supply,necessitating alternative solutions to sustain critical services.These altern...Following global catastrophic infrastructure loss(GCIL),traditional electricity networks would be damaged and unavailable for energy supply,necessitating alternative solutions to sustain critical services.These alternative solutions would need to run without damaged infrastructure and would likely need to be located at the point of use,such as decentralized electricity generation from wood gas.This study explores the feasibility of using modified light duty vehicles to self-sustain electricity generation by producing wood chips for wood gasification.A 2004 Ford Falcon Fairmont was modified to power a woodchipper and an electrical generator.The vehicle successfully produced wood chips suitable for gasification with an energy return on investment(EROI)of 3.7 and sustained a stable output of 20 kW electrical power.Scalability analyses suggest such solutions could provide electricity to the critical water sanitation sector,equivalent to 4%of global electricity demand,if production of woodchippers was increased postcatastrophe.Future research could investigate the long-term durability of modified vehicles and alternative electricity generation,and quantify the scalability of wood gasification in GCIL scenarios.This work provides a foundation for developing resilient,decentralized energy systems to ensure the continuity of critical services during catastrophic events,leveraging existing vehicle infrastructure to enhance disaster preparedness.展开更多
This paper uses a new statistical method for studying self-organization in order to explain the origins of global catastrophes, namely the exceeding of the critical level of the planet’s organization. This method dif...This paper uses a new statistical method for studying self-organization in order to explain the origins of global catastrophes, namely the exceeding of the critical level of the planet’s organization. This method differs from traditional methods, because it uses specific notions such as the “entrostat” and “critical level of the organization of the open system”.展开更多
A variety of phenomena of a catastrophic order and fear of their consequences served as the reason that until now the properties of disasters remained incomprehensible.We found out the properties of natural catastroph...A variety of phenomena of a catastrophic order and fear of their consequences served as the reason that until now the properties of disasters remained incomprehensible.We found out the properties of natural catastrophes.It is shown that knowledge of these properties is of great importance,because it contributes to the formation of an objective judgment on natural processes and phenomena.展开更多
According to Density wave theory, catastrophes can be related to spiral arms in galaxy. Each time solar system entered into the spiral arms corresponds to impact events, respectively. The spiral arms would impose an i...According to Density wave theory, catastrophes can be related to spiral arms in galaxy. Each time solar system entered into the spiral arms corresponds to impact events, respectively. The spiral arms would impose an influence on Earth and the solar system.展开更多
The field of biometric identification has seen significant advancements over the years,with research focusing on enhancing the accuracy and security of these systems.One of the key developments is the integration of d...The field of biometric identification has seen significant advancements over the years,with research focusing on enhancing the accuracy and security of these systems.One of the key developments is the integration of deep learning techniques in biometric systems.However,despite these advancements,certain challenges persist.One of the most significant challenges is scalability over growing complexity.Traditional methods either require maintaining and securing a growing database,introducing serious security challenges,or relying on retraining the entiremodelwhen new data is introduced-a process that can be computationally expensive and complex.This challenge underscores the need for more efficient methods to scale securely.To this end,we introduce a novel approach that addresses these challenges by integrating multimodal biometrics,cancelable biometrics,and incremental learning techniques.This work is among the first attempts to seamlessly incorporate deep cancelable biometrics with dynamic architectural updates,applied incrementally to the deep learning model as new users are enrolled,achieving high performance with minimal catastrophic forgetting.By leveraging a One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network(1D-CNN)architecture combined with a hybrid incremental learning approach,our system achieves high recognition accuracy,averaging 98.98% over incrementing datasets,while ensuring user privacy through cancelable templates generated via a pre-trained CNN model and random projection.The approach demonstrates remarkable adaptability,utilizing the least intrusive biometric traits like facial features and fingerprints,ensuring not only robust performance but also long-term serviceability.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)continue to present a leading cause ofmortalityworldwide,emphasizing the importance of early and accurate prediction.Electrocardiogram(ECG)signals,central to cardiac monitoring,have increa...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)continue to present a leading cause ofmortalityworldwide,emphasizing the importance of early and accurate prediction.Electrocardiogram(ECG)signals,central to cardiac monitoring,have increasingly been integratedwithDeep Learning(DL)for real-time prediction of CVDs.However,DL models are prone to performance degradation due to concept drift and to catastrophic forgetting.To address this issue,we propose a realtime CVDs prediction approach,referred to as ADWIN-GFR that combines Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)layers,for spatial feature extraction,with Gated Recurrent Units(GRU),for temporal modeling,alongside adaptive drift detection and mitigation mechanisms.The proposed approach integratesAdaptiveWindowing(ADWIN)for realtime concept drift detection,a fine-tuning strategy based on Generative Features Replay(GFR)to preserve previously acquired knowledge,and a dynamic replay buffer ensuring variance,diversity,and data distribution coverage.Extensive experiments conducted on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset demonstrate that ADWIN-GFR outperforms standard fine-tuning techniques,achieving an average post-drift accuracy of 95.4%,amacro F1-score of 93.9%,and a remarkably low forgetting score of 0.9%.It also exhibits an average drift detection delay of 12 steps and achieves an adaptation gain of 17.2%.These findings underscore the potential of ADWIN-GFR for deployment in real-world cardiac monitoring systems,including wearable ECG devices and hospital-based patient monitoring platforms.展开更多
The literature suggests there is about a 1 % risk per year of a 10 % global agricultural shortfall due to catastrophes such as a large volcanic eruption, a medium asteroid or comet impact, regional nuclear war, abrupt...The literature suggests there is about a 1 % risk per year of a 10 % global agricultural shortfall due to catastrophes such as a large volcanic eruption, a medium asteroid or comet impact, regional nuclear war, abrupt climate change, and extreme weather causing multiple breadbasket failures. This shortfall has an expected mortality of about 500 million people. To prevent such mass starvation, alternate foods can be deployed that utilize stored biomass. This study developed a model with literature values for variables and, where no values existed,used large error bounds to recognize uncertainty. Then Monte Carlo analysis was performed on three interventions: planning, research, and development. The results show that even the upper bound of USD 400 per life saved by these interventions is far lower than what is typically paid to save a life in a less-developed country. Furthermore, every day of delay on the implementation of these interventions costs 100–40,000 expected lives(number of lives saved multiplied by the probability that alternate foods would be required). These interventions plus training would save 1–300 million expected lives. In general, these solutions would reduce the possibility of civilization collapse, could assist in providing food outside of catastrophic situations, and would result in billions of dollars per year of return.展开更多
We consider an MX/M/c queue with catastrophes and state- dependent control at idle time. Properties of the queues which terminate when the servers become idle are first studied. Recurrence, equilibrium distribution, a...We consider an MX/M/c queue with catastrophes and state- dependent control at idle time. Properties of the queues which terminate when the servers become idle are first studied. Recurrence, equilibrium distribution, and equilibrium queue-size structure are studied for the case of resurrection and no catastrophes. All of these properties and the first effective catastrophe occurrence time are then investigated for the case of resurrection and catastrophes. In particular, we obtain the Laplace transform of the transition probability for the absorbing MX/M/c queue.展开更多
This study comprehensively assessed long-term vegetation changes and forest fragmentation dynamics in the Himalayan temperate region of Pakistan from 1989 to 2019.Four satellite images,including Landsat-5 TM and Lands...This study comprehensively assessed long-term vegetation changes and forest fragmentation dynamics in the Himalayan temperate region of Pakistan from 1989 to 2019.Four satellite images,including Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager(OLI),were chosen for subsequent assessments in October 1989,2001,2011 and 2019.The classified maps of 1989,2001,2011 and 2019 were created using the maximum likelihood classifier.Post-classification comparison showed an overall accuracy of 82.5%and a Kappa coefficient of 0.79 for the 2019 map.Results revealed a drastic decrease in closed-canopy and open-canopy forests by 117.4 and 271.6 km^(2),respectively,and an increase in agriculture/farm cultivation by 1512.8 km^(2).The two-way ANOVA test showed statistically significant differences in the area of various cover classes.Forest fragmentation was evaluated using the Landscape Fragmentation Tool(LFT v2.0)between 1989 and 2019.The large forest core(>2.00 km^(2))decreased from 149.4 to 296.7 km^(2),and a similar pattern was observed in medium forest core(1.00-2.00 km^(2))forests.On the contrary,the small core(<1.00 km^(2))forest increased from 124.8 to 145.3 km^(2) in 2019.The perforation area increased by 296.9 km^(2),and the edge effect decreased from 458.9 to 431.7 km^(2).The frequency of patches also increased by 119.1 km^(2).The closed and open canopy classes showed a decreasing trend with an annual rate of 0.58%and 1.35%,respectively.The broad implications of these findings can be seen in the studied region as well as other global ecological areas.They serve as an imperative baseline for afforestation and reforestation operations,highlighting the urgent need for efficient management,conservation,and restoration efforts.Based on these findings,sustainable land-use policies may be put into place that support local livelihoods,protect ecosystem services,and conserve biodiversity.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the price of catastrophe options with credit risk in a regime-switching model.We assume that the macroeconomic states are described by a continuous-time Markov chain with a finite state space...In this paper,we consider the price of catastrophe options with credit risk in a regime-switching model.We assume that the macroeconomic states are described by a continuous-time Markov chain with a finite state space.By using the measure change technique,we derive the price expressions of catastrophe put options.Moreover,we conduct some numerical analysis to demonstrate how the parameters of the model affect the price of the catastrophe put option.展开更多
Landslides are one of the most dangerous natural hazards that cause significant property damage and loss of life.Landslides often destroy farmland,villages,houses,factories,schools,roads and other facilities,injuring ...Landslides are one of the most dangerous natural hazards that cause significant property damage and loss of life.Landslides often destroy farmland,villages,houses,factories,schools,roads and other facilities,injuring humans and livestock.Sometimes,entire towns are devastated by landslides.Due to their pervasiveness,varied triggering factors,and sudden occurrence,landslides are currently one of the most challenging natural disasters to prevent and mitigate.展开更多
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of cardiac troponin and abnormal electrocardiogram changes are the primary basis for clinical diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Troponin levels in ACS patients can often be more than...BACKGROUND Elevated levels of cardiac troponin and abnormal electrocardiogram changes are the primary basis for clinical diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Troponin levels in ACS patients can often be more than 50 times the upper reference limit.Some patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)also show electrocardiogram abnormalities,myocardial damage,and elevated cardiac biomarkers.Unlike ACS patients,patients with SAH only have a slight increase in troponin,and the use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs is prohibited.Because of the opposite treatment modalities,it is essential for clinicians to distinguish between SAH and ACS.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department at night with a sudden onset of severe back pain.The final diagnosis was intraspinal hematoma in the thoracic spine.We performed an emergency thoracic spinal canal hematoma evacuation procedure with the assistance of a microscope.Intraoperatively,diffuse hematoma formation was found in the T7-T10 spinal canal,and no obvious spinal vascular malformation changes were observed.Postoperative head and spinal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed a small amount of SAH in the skull,no obvious abnormalities in the cervical and thoracic spinal canals,and no abnormal signals in the lumbar spinal canal.Thoracoab-dominal aorta computed tomography angiography showed no vascular malfor-mation.Postoperative motor system examination showed Medical Research Council Scale grade 1/5 strength in both lower extremities,and the patient experienced decreased sensation below the T12 rib margin and reported a Visual Analog Scale score of 3.CONCLUSION Extremely elevated troponin levels(more than 50 times the normal range)are not unique to coronary artery disease.SAH can also result in extremely high troponin levels,and antiplatelet drugs are contraindicated in such cases.Emergency MRI can help in the early differential diagnosis,as a misdiagnosis of ACS can lead to catastrophic neurological damage in patients with spontaneous spinal SAH.展开更多
BACKGROUND Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome(IC/BPS)is an at least 6-mo noninfectious bladder inflammation of unknown origin characterized by chronic suprapubic,abdominal,and/or pelvic pain.Although the term...BACKGROUND Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome(IC/BPS)is an at least 6-mo noninfectious bladder inflammation of unknown origin characterized by chronic suprapubic,abdominal,and/or pelvic pain.Although the term cystitis suggests an inflammatory or infectious origin,no definite cause has been identified.It occurs in both sexes,but women are twice as much affected.AIM To systematically review evidence of psychiatric/psychological changes in persons with IC/BPS.METHODS Hypothesizing that particular psychological characteristics could underpin IC/BPS,we investigated in three databases the presence of psychiatric symptoms and/or disorders and/or psychological characteristics in patients with IC/BPS using the following strategy:("interstitial cystitis"OR"bladder pain syndrome")AND("mood disorder"OR depressive OR antidepressant OR depression OR depressed OR hyperthymic OR mania OR manic OR rapid cyclasterisk OR dysthymiasterisk OR dysphoriasterisk).RESULTS On September 27,2023,the PubMed search produced 223 articles,CINAHL 62,and the combined PsycLIT/PsycARTICLES/PsycINFO/Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection search 36.Search on ClinicalTrials.gov produced 14 studies,of which none had available data.Eligible were peer-reviewed articles reporting psychiatric/psychological symptoms in patients with IC/BPS,i.e.63 articles spanning from 2000 to October 2023.These studies identified depression and anxiety problems in the IC/BPS population,along with sleep problems and the tendency to catastrophizing.CONCLUSION Psychotherapies targeting catastrophizing and life stress emotional awareness and expression reduced perceived pain in women with IC/BPS.Such concepts should be considered when implementing treatments aimed at reducing IC/BPS-related pain.展开更多
Although modulation classification based on deep neural network can achieve high Modulation Classification(MC)accuracies,catastrophic forgetting will occur when the neural network model continues to learn new tasks.In...Although modulation classification based on deep neural network can achieve high Modulation Classification(MC)accuracies,catastrophic forgetting will occur when the neural network model continues to learn new tasks.In this paper,we simulate the dynamic wireless communication environment and focus on breaking the learning paradigm of isolated automatic MC.We innovate a research algorithm for continuous automatic MC.Firstly,a memory for storing representative old task modulation signals is built,which is employed to limit the gradient update direction of new tasks in the continuous learning stage to ensure that the loss of old tasks is also in a downward trend.Secondly,in order to better simulate the dynamic wireless communication environment,we employ the mini-batch gradient algorithm which is more suitable for continuous learning.Finally,the signal in the memory can be replayed to further strengthen the characteristics of the old task signal in the model.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
Experts expressed severe concerns over the possibility of increasing burden of infectious diseases as the planet’s climate began to change years ago.There have been increased rates of climate-related catastrophes and...Experts expressed severe concerns over the possibility of increasing burden of infectious diseases as the planet’s climate began to change years ago.There have been increased rates of climate-related catastrophes and as global temperatures rise,emergence of certain viruses has become a serious concern.Vectors are susceptible to changing temperatures as they exhibit innate responses to thermal stress to increase survivability.Climate change impacts virus reservoirs,increasing transmission rates of vectors.Vector-borne diseases have already witnessed increasing numbers compared to before.Certain non-endemic areas are encountering their first-ever infectious disease cases due to increasing temperatures.Tick-borne diseases are undergoing transformations provoking a heightened prevalence.Food-borne illnesses are expected to increase owing to warmer temperatures.It is important to recognize that climate change has a multivariable impact on the transmission of viruses.With climate change comes the potential of increasing interspecies interactions promoting jumps.These factors must be considered,and an informed strategy must be formulated.Adaptation and mitigation strategies are required to curb these diseases from spreading.Despite significant evidence that climate change affects infectious diseases,gaps in research exist.We conducted this review to identify the potential role climate change plays in the emergence of new viruses.展开更多
Introduction: Tuberculosis is closely linked to poverty, with patients facing significant indirect treatment costs. Treating drug-resistant tuberculosis further increases these expenses. Notably, there is a lack of pu...Introduction: Tuberculosis is closely linked to poverty, with patients facing significant indirect treatment costs. Treating drug-resistant tuberculosis further increases these expenses. Notably, there is a lack of published data on the indirect costs incurred by patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Mozambique. Objective: To assess the indirect costs, income reduction, and work productivity incurred by patients undergoing diagnosis and treatment for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB) in Mozambique during their TB treatment. Methods: As part of a comprehensive mixed-methods study conducted from January 2021 to April 2023, this research utilized a descriptive cross-sectional approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. The primary goal was to evaluate the costs incurred by the national health system due to drug-resistant TB. Additionally, to explore the indirect costs experienced by patients and their families during treatment, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 individuals who had been undergoing treatment for over six months. Results: All survey participants unanimously reported a significant decline in labour productivity, with 70.3% experiencing a reduction in their monthly income. Before falling ill, the majority of respondents (33.3%) earned up to $76.92 monthly, representing the minimum earnings range, while 29.2% had a monthly income above $230.77, the maximum earnings range. Among those who experienced income loss, the majority (22.2%) reported a decrease of up to $76.92 per month, and 18.5% cited a loss exceeding $230.77 per month. Notably, patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB) have not incurred the direct costs of the disease, as these are covered by the government. Conclusion: The financial burden of treating Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB), along with the income reduction it causes, is substantial. Implementing a patient-centred, multidisciplinary, and multisector approach, coupled with strong psychosocial support, can significantly reduce the catastrophic costs DRTB patients incur.展开更多
When discovering the potential of canards flying in 4-dimensional slow-fast system with a bifurcation parameter, the key notion “symmetry” plays an important role. It is of one parameter on slow vector field. Then, ...When discovering the potential of canards flying in 4-dimensional slow-fast system with a bifurcation parameter, the key notion “symmetry” plays an important role. It is of one parameter on slow vector field. Then, it should be determined to introduce parameters to all slow/fast vectors. It is, however, there might be no way to explore for another potential in this system, because the geometrical structure is quite different from the system with one parameter. Even in this system, the “symmetry” is also useful to obtain the potentials classified by R. Thom. In this paper, via the coordinates changing, the possible way to explore for the potential will be shown. As it is analyzed on “hyper finite time line”, or done by using “non-standard analysis”, it is called “Hyper Catastrophe”. In the slow-fast system which includes a very small parameter , it is difficult to do precise analysis. Thus, it is useful to get the orbits as a singular limit. When trying to do simulations, it is also faced with difficulty due to singularity. Using very small time intervals corresponding small , we shall overcome the difficulty, because the difference equation on the small time interval adopts the standard differential equation. These small intervals are defined on hyper finite number N, which is nonstandard. As and the intervals are linked to use 1/N, the simulation should be done exactly.展开更多
Pain catastrophization is one of the negative emotional factors and an important psychological factor associated with patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Currently,the concept of pain catastrophization of LDH is...Pain catastrophization is one of the negative emotional factors and an important psychological factor associated with patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Currently,the concept of pain catastrophization of LDH is relatively mature abroad;however,there are only few research studies on this in China.To understand the status quo of pain catastrophization(PC)in patients with LDH and its influencing factors,the intervention measures of PC and their efficacy were further analyzed.In the present paper,the research status of PC at home and abroad is briefly expounded,and the influencing factors and clinical intervention measures for PC are analyzed.This paper reviews the concept of PC,the assessment tools,influencing factors,and the relevant intervention measures.In order to evaluate the pain degree of patients,understand the incidence of pain in patients,and improve the cure rate and quality of life of patients,the basic situation of patients with pain disaster is summarized to provide reference for medical personnel.展开更多
Atmospheric phenomena are physical phenomena resulting from the correlation of atmospheric parameters of natural origin. They are associated with climatic storms and include lightning, thunder, global warming, wind, e...Atmospheric phenomena are physical phenomena resulting from the correlation of atmospheric parameters of natural origin. They are associated with climatic storms and include lightning, thunder, global warming, wind, evaporation, rain, clouds, and snow. The formation and evolution of these phenomena remain complex according to their natural reference parameters. The numerical models defined in this study are equations based on models of atmospheric parameters. Applied in the atmosphere, they yield the equation of the key atmospheric phenomena. The distribution of these phenomena across the entire planet is the origin of the formation of climatic regions. Indeed, the constants obtained are 275.16 km/s for the speed of lightning, 3.99 GJ for the discharge energy of a thunderbolt, 276.15˚K for the temperature of global warming, 3.993 Km/h for the formation speed of winds and cyclones, 2.9963 Km/h for the speed of evaporation, 278.16˚K for the formation of rain, 274.1596˚K for the formation of clouds, and 274.1632˚K for snow formation. Moreover, this research conducts an analytical study approach to the phenomenon of climate change in the current era of industrialization, specifically analyzing the direct effects of global warming on atmospheric phenomena. Thus, with a temperature of 53.45˚C, global warming is considered maximal and will lead to very abundant rain and snow precipitations with maximum PW at 12.5 and 11.1 g/cm2 of water, surface water evaporation fluxes significantly above normal at a speed of 6.55 Km/h, increasingly violent winds at speeds far exceeding 5.43 Km/h, and catastrophic climatic effects. In summary, the aim of this research is to define the main natural phenomena associated with global climatic storms and to study the real impact of climate change on Earth.展开更多
基金This work was funded in part by the Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters(ALLFED).
文摘Following global catastrophic infrastructure loss(GCIL),traditional electricity networks would be damaged and unavailable for energy supply,necessitating alternative solutions to sustain critical services.These alternative solutions would need to run without damaged infrastructure and would likely need to be located at the point of use,such as decentralized electricity generation from wood gas.This study explores the feasibility of using modified light duty vehicles to self-sustain electricity generation by producing wood chips for wood gasification.A 2004 Ford Falcon Fairmont was modified to power a woodchipper and an electrical generator.The vehicle successfully produced wood chips suitable for gasification with an energy return on investment(EROI)of 3.7 and sustained a stable output of 20 kW electrical power.Scalability analyses suggest such solutions could provide electricity to the critical water sanitation sector,equivalent to 4%of global electricity demand,if production of woodchippers was increased postcatastrophe.Future research could investigate the long-term durability of modified vehicles and alternative electricity generation,and quantify the scalability of wood gasification in GCIL scenarios.This work provides a foundation for developing resilient,decentralized energy systems to ensure the continuity of critical services during catastrophic events,leveraging existing vehicle infrastructure to enhance disaster preparedness.
文摘This paper uses a new statistical method for studying self-organization in order to explain the origins of global catastrophes, namely the exceeding of the critical level of the planet’s organization. This method differs from traditional methods, because it uses specific notions such as the “entrostat” and “critical level of the organization of the open system”.
文摘A variety of phenomena of a catastrophic order and fear of their consequences served as the reason that until now the properties of disasters remained incomprehensible.We found out the properties of natural catastrophes.It is shown that knowledge of these properties is of great importance,because it contributes to the formation of an objective judgment on natural processes and phenomena.
文摘According to Density wave theory, catastrophes can be related to spiral arms in galaxy. Each time solar system entered into the spiral arms corresponds to impact events, respectively. The spiral arms would impose an influence on Earth and the solar system.
基金the Deputyship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through project number RI-44-0833.
文摘The field of biometric identification has seen significant advancements over the years,with research focusing on enhancing the accuracy and security of these systems.One of the key developments is the integration of deep learning techniques in biometric systems.However,despite these advancements,certain challenges persist.One of the most significant challenges is scalability over growing complexity.Traditional methods either require maintaining and securing a growing database,introducing serious security challenges,or relying on retraining the entiremodelwhen new data is introduced-a process that can be computationally expensive and complex.This challenge underscores the need for more efficient methods to scale securely.To this end,we introduce a novel approach that addresses these challenges by integrating multimodal biometrics,cancelable biometrics,and incremental learning techniques.This work is among the first attempts to seamlessly incorporate deep cancelable biometrics with dynamic architectural updates,applied incrementally to the deep learning model as new users are enrolled,achieving high performance with minimal catastrophic forgetting.By leveraging a One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network(1D-CNN)architecture combined with a hybrid incremental learning approach,our system achieves high recognition accuracy,averaging 98.98% over incrementing datasets,while ensuring user privacy through cancelable templates generated via a pre-trained CNN model and random projection.The approach demonstrates remarkable adaptability,utilizing the least intrusive biometric traits like facial features and fingerprints,ensuring not only robust performance but also long-term serviceability.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R196)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)continue to present a leading cause ofmortalityworldwide,emphasizing the importance of early and accurate prediction.Electrocardiogram(ECG)signals,central to cardiac monitoring,have increasingly been integratedwithDeep Learning(DL)for real-time prediction of CVDs.However,DL models are prone to performance degradation due to concept drift and to catastrophic forgetting.To address this issue,we propose a realtime CVDs prediction approach,referred to as ADWIN-GFR that combines Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)layers,for spatial feature extraction,with Gated Recurrent Units(GRU),for temporal modeling,alongside adaptive drift detection and mitigation mechanisms.The proposed approach integratesAdaptiveWindowing(ADWIN)for realtime concept drift detection,a fine-tuning strategy based on Generative Features Replay(GFR)to preserve previously acquired knowledge,and a dynamic replay buffer ensuring variance,diversity,and data distribution coverage.Extensive experiments conducted on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset demonstrate that ADWIN-GFR outperforms standard fine-tuning techniques,achieving an average post-drift accuracy of 95.4%,amacro F1-score of 93.9%,and a remarkably low forgetting score of 0.9%.It also exhibits an average drift detection delay of 12 steps and achieves an adaptation gain of 17.2%.These findings underscore the potential of ADWIN-GFR for deployment in real-world cardiac monitoring systems,including wearable ECG devices and hospital-based patient monitoring platforms.
文摘The literature suggests there is about a 1 % risk per year of a 10 % global agricultural shortfall due to catastrophes such as a large volcanic eruption, a medium asteroid or comet impact, regional nuclear war, abrupt climate change, and extreme weather causing multiple breadbasket failures. This shortfall has an expected mortality of about 500 million people. To prevent such mass starvation, alternate foods can be deployed that utilize stored biomass. This study developed a model with literature values for variables and, where no values existed,used large error bounds to recognize uncertainty. Then Monte Carlo analysis was performed on three interventions: planning, research, and development. The results show that even the upper bound of USD 400 per life saved by these interventions is far lower than what is typically paid to save a life in a less-developed country. Furthermore, every day of delay on the implementation of these interventions costs 100–40,000 expected lives(number of lives saved multiplied by the probability that alternate foods would be required). These interventions plus training would save 1–300 million expected lives. In general, these solutions would reduce the possibility of civilization collapse, could assist in providing food outside of catastrophic situations, and would result in billions of dollars per year of return.
基金This work was substantially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundations of China （Grant Nos. 11371374, 11771452, 11701489, 11571372）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Tian Yuan （Grant No. 11626203）, and the Natural Sciences Foundations of Hunan Province （No. 2017JJ2328）.
文摘We consider an MX/M/c queue with catastrophes and state- dependent control at idle time. Properties of the queues which terminate when the servers become idle are first studied. Recurrence, equilibrium distribution, and equilibrium queue-size structure are studied for the case of resurrection and no catastrophes. All of these properties and the first effective catastrophe occurrence time are then investigated for the case of resurrection and catastrophes. In particular, we obtain the Laplace transform of the transition probability for the absorbing MX/M/c queue.
基金This research was supported by project number(RSP2024R384)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘This study comprehensively assessed long-term vegetation changes and forest fragmentation dynamics in the Himalayan temperate region of Pakistan from 1989 to 2019.Four satellite images,including Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager(OLI),were chosen for subsequent assessments in October 1989,2001,2011 and 2019.The classified maps of 1989,2001,2011 and 2019 were created using the maximum likelihood classifier.Post-classification comparison showed an overall accuracy of 82.5%and a Kappa coefficient of 0.79 for the 2019 map.Results revealed a drastic decrease in closed-canopy and open-canopy forests by 117.4 and 271.6 km^(2),respectively,and an increase in agriculture/farm cultivation by 1512.8 km^(2).The two-way ANOVA test showed statistically significant differences in the area of various cover classes.Forest fragmentation was evaluated using the Landscape Fragmentation Tool(LFT v2.0)between 1989 and 2019.The large forest core(>2.00 km^(2))decreased from 149.4 to 296.7 km^(2),and a similar pattern was observed in medium forest core(1.00-2.00 km^(2))forests.On the contrary,the small core(<1.00 km^(2))forest increased from 124.8 to 145.3 km^(2) in 2019.The perforation area increased by 296.9 km^(2),and the edge effect decreased from 458.9 to 431.7 km^(2).The frequency of patches also increased by 119.1 km^(2).The closed and open canopy classes showed a decreasing trend with an annual rate of 0.58%and 1.35%,respectively.The broad implications of these findings can be seen in the studied region as well as other global ecological areas.They serve as an imperative baseline for afforestation and reforestation operations,highlighting the urgent need for efficient management,conservation,and restoration efforts.Based on these findings,sustainable land-use policies may be put into place that support local livelihoods,protect ecosystem services,and conserve biodiversity.
基金supported by the Jiangsu University Philosophy and Social Science Research Project(Grant No.2019SJA1326).
文摘In this paper,we consider the price of catastrophe options with credit risk in a regime-switching model.We assume that the macroeconomic states are described by a continuous-time Markov chain with a finite state space.By using the measure change technique,we derive the price expressions of catastrophe put options.Moreover,we conduct some numerical analysis to demonstrate how the parameters of the model affect the price of the catastrophe put option.
文摘Landslides are one of the most dangerous natural hazards that cause significant property damage and loss of life.Landslides often destroy farmland,villages,houses,factories,schools,roads and other facilities,injuring humans and livestock.Sometimes,entire towns are devastated by landslides.Due to their pervasiveness,varied triggering factors,and sudden occurrence,landslides are currently one of the most challenging natural disasters to prevent and mitigate.
文摘BACKGROUND Elevated levels of cardiac troponin and abnormal electrocardiogram changes are the primary basis for clinical diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Troponin levels in ACS patients can often be more than 50 times the upper reference limit.Some patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)also show electrocardiogram abnormalities,myocardial damage,and elevated cardiac biomarkers.Unlike ACS patients,patients with SAH only have a slight increase in troponin,and the use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs is prohibited.Because of the opposite treatment modalities,it is essential for clinicians to distinguish between SAH and ACS.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department at night with a sudden onset of severe back pain.The final diagnosis was intraspinal hematoma in the thoracic spine.We performed an emergency thoracic spinal canal hematoma evacuation procedure with the assistance of a microscope.Intraoperatively,diffuse hematoma formation was found in the T7-T10 spinal canal,and no obvious spinal vascular malformation changes were observed.Postoperative head and spinal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed a small amount of SAH in the skull,no obvious abnormalities in the cervical and thoracic spinal canals,and no abnormal signals in the lumbar spinal canal.Thoracoab-dominal aorta computed tomography angiography showed no vascular malfor-mation.Postoperative motor system examination showed Medical Research Council Scale grade 1/5 strength in both lower extremities,and the patient experienced decreased sensation below the T12 rib margin and reported a Visual Analog Scale score of 3.CONCLUSION Extremely elevated troponin levels(more than 50 times the normal range)are not unique to coronary artery disease.SAH can also result in extremely high troponin levels,and antiplatelet drugs are contraindicated in such cases.Emergency MRI can help in the early differential diagnosis,as a misdiagnosis of ACS can lead to catastrophic neurological damage in patients with spontaneous spinal SAH.
文摘BACKGROUND Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome(IC/BPS)is an at least 6-mo noninfectious bladder inflammation of unknown origin characterized by chronic suprapubic,abdominal,and/or pelvic pain.Although the term cystitis suggests an inflammatory or infectious origin,no definite cause has been identified.It occurs in both sexes,but women are twice as much affected.AIM To systematically review evidence of psychiatric/psychological changes in persons with IC/BPS.METHODS Hypothesizing that particular psychological characteristics could underpin IC/BPS,we investigated in three databases the presence of psychiatric symptoms and/or disorders and/or psychological characteristics in patients with IC/BPS using the following strategy:("interstitial cystitis"OR"bladder pain syndrome")AND("mood disorder"OR depressive OR antidepressant OR depression OR depressed OR hyperthymic OR mania OR manic OR rapid cyclasterisk OR dysthymiasterisk OR dysphoriasterisk).RESULTS On September 27,2023,the PubMed search produced 223 articles,CINAHL 62,and the combined PsycLIT/PsycARTICLES/PsycINFO/Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection search 36.Search on ClinicalTrials.gov produced 14 studies,of which none had available data.Eligible were peer-reviewed articles reporting psychiatric/psychological symptoms in patients with IC/BPS,i.e.63 articles spanning from 2000 to October 2023.These studies identified depression and anxiety problems in the IC/BPS population,along with sleep problems and the tendency to catastrophizing.CONCLUSION Psychotherapies targeting catastrophizing and life stress emotional awareness and expression reduced perceived pain in women with IC/BPS.Such concepts should be considered when implementing treatments aimed at reducing IC/BPS-related pain.
文摘Although modulation classification based on deep neural network can achieve high Modulation Classification(MC)accuracies,catastrophic forgetting will occur when the neural network model continues to learn new tasks.In this paper,we simulate the dynamic wireless communication environment and focus on breaking the learning paradigm of isolated automatic MC.We innovate a research algorithm for continuous automatic MC.Firstly,a memory for storing representative old task modulation signals is built,which is employed to limit the gradient update direction of new tasks in the continuous learning stage to ensure that the loss of old tasks is also in a downward trend.Secondly,in order to better simulate the dynamic wireless communication environment,we employ the mini-batch gradient algorithm which is more suitable for continuous learning.Finally,the signal in the memory can be replayed to further strengthen the characteristics of the old task signal in the model.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method.
文摘Experts expressed severe concerns over the possibility of increasing burden of infectious diseases as the planet’s climate began to change years ago.There have been increased rates of climate-related catastrophes and as global temperatures rise,emergence of certain viruses has become a serious concern.Vectors are susceptible to changing temperatures as they exhibit innate responses to thermal stress to increase survivability.Climate change impacts virus reservoirs,increasing transmission rates of vectors.Vector-borne diseases have already witnessed increasing numbers compared to before.Certain non-endemic areas are encountering their first-ever infectious disease cases due to increasing temperatures.Tick-borne diseases are undergoing transformations provoking a heightened prevalence.Food-borne illnesses are expected to increase owing to warmer temperatures.It is important to recognize that climate change has a multivariable impact on the transmission of viruses.With climate change comes the potential of increasing interspecies interactions promoting jumps.These factors must be considered,and an informed strategy must be formulated.Adaptation and mitigation strategies are required to curb these diseases from spreading.Despite significant evidence that climate change affects infectious diseases,gaps in research exist.We conducted this review to identify the potential role climate change plays in the emergence of new viruses.
文摘Introduction: Tuberculosis is closely linked to poverty, with patients facing significant indirect treatment costs. Treating drug-resistant tuberculosis further increases these expenses. Notably, there is a lack of published data on the indirect costs incurred by patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Mozambique. Objective: To assess the indirect costs, income reduction, and work productivity incurred by patients undergoing diagnosis and treatment for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB) in Mozambique during their TB treatment. Methods: As part of a comprehensive mixed-methods study conducted from January 2021 to April 2023, this research utilized a descriptive cross-sectional approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. The primary goal was to evaluate the costs incurred by the national health system due to drug-resistant TB. Additionally, to explore the indirect costs experienced by patients and their families during treatment, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 individuals who had been undergoing treatment for over six months. Results: All survey participants unanimously reported a significant decline in labour productivity, with 70.3% experiencing a reduction in their monthly income. Before falling ill, the majority of respondents (33.3%) earned up to $76.92 monthly, representing the minimum earnings range, while 29.2% had a monthly income above $230.77, the maximum earnings range. Among those who experienced income loss, the majority (22.2%) reported a decrease of up to $76.92 per month, and 18.5% cited a loss exceeding $230.77 per month. Notably, patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB) have not incurred the direct costs of the disease, as these are covered by the government. Conclusion: The financial burden of treating Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB), along with the income reduction it causes, is substantial. Implementing a patient-centred, multidisciplinary, and multisector approach, coupled with strong psychosocial support, can significantly reduce the catastrophic costs DRTB patients incur.
文摘When discovering the potential of canards flying in 4-dimensional slow-fast system with a bifurcation parameter, the key notion “symmetry” plays an important role. It is of one parameter on slow vector field. Then, it should be determined to introduce parameters to all slow/fast vectors. It is, however, there might be no way to explore for another potential in this system, because the geometrical structure is quite different from the system with one parameter. Even in this system, the “symmetry” is also useful to obtain the potentials classified by R. Thom. In this paper, via the coordinates changing, the possible way to explore for the potential will be shown. As it is analyzed on “hyper finite time line”, or done by using “non-standard analysis”, it is called “Hyper Catastrophe”. In the slow-fast system which includes a very small parameter , it is difficult to do precise analysis. Thus, it is useful to get the orbits as a singular limit. When trying to do simulations, it is also faced with difficulty due to singularity. Using very small time intervals corresponding small , we shall overcome the difficulty, because the difference equation on the small time interval adopts the standard differential equation. These small intervals are defined on hyper finite number N, which is nonstandard. As and the intervals are linked to use 1/N, the simulation should be done exactly.
文摘Pain catastrophization is one of the negative emotional factors and an important psychological factor associated with patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Currently,the concept of pain catastrophization of LDH is relatively mature abroad;however,there are only few research studies on this in China.To understand the status quo of pain catastrophization(PC)in patients with LDH and its influencing factors,the intervention measures of PC and their efficacy were further analyzed.In the present paper,the research status of PC at home and abroad is briefly expounded,and the influencing factors and clinical intervention measures for PC are analyzed.This paper reviews the concept of PC,the assessment tools,influencing factors,and the relevant intervention measures.In order to evaluate the pain degree of patients,understand the incidence of pain in patients,and improve the cure rate and quality of life of patients,the basic situation of patients with pain disaster is summarized to provide reference for medical personnel.
文摘Atmospheric phenomena are physical phenomena resulting from the correlation of atmospheric parameters of natural origin. They are associated with climatic storms and include lightning, thunder, global warming, wind, evaporation, rain, clouds, and snow. The formation and evolution of these phenomena remain complex according to their natural reference parameters. The numerical models defined in this study are equations based on models of atmospheric parameters. Applied in the atmosphere, they yield the equation of the key atmospheric phenomena. The distribution of these phenomena across the entire planet is the origin of the formation of climatic regions. Indeed, the constants obtained are 275.16 km/s for the speed of lightning, 3.99 GJ for the discharge energy of a thunderbolt, 276.15˚K for the temperature of global warming, 3.993 Km/h for the formation speed of winds and cyclones, 2.9963 Km/h for the speed of evaporation, 278.16˚K for the formation of rain, 274.1596˚K for the formation of clouds, and 274.1632˚K for snow formation. Moreover, this research conducts an analytical study approach to the phenomenon of climate change in the current era of industrialization, specifically analyzing the direct effects of global warming on atmospheric phenomena. Thus, with a temperature of 53.45˚C, global warming is considered maximal and will lead to very abundant rain and snow precipitations with maximum PW at 12.5 and 11.1 g/cm2 of water, surface water evaporation fluxes significantly above normal at a speed of 6.55 Km/h, increasingly violent winds at speeds far exceeding 5.43 Km/h, and catastrophic climatic effects. In summary, the aim of this research is to define the main natural phenomena associated with global climatic storms and to study the real impact of climate change on Earth.
