Aim To differentiate the genuine cassia bark from its substitutes and adulterants. Methods Six components, phenylpropyl acetate, cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin, and cinnamic acid were use...Aim To differentiate the genuine cassia bark from its substitutes and adulterants. Methods Six components, phenylpropyl acetate, cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin, and cinnamic acid were used as characteristic markers, and an optimized TLC method was developed. Results The TLC profile of cassia bark is similar to its closely related variety Cinnamomum cassia Presl var. macrophyllum Chu but significantly different from other six Cinnamomum species. High content of phenylpropyl acet...展开更多
[ Objective] Through inductive culture, emodin and chrysophanol contents in cassia seed were increased. [ Method ] MS culture medium was used to bourgeon seedlings of cassia seed and to induce cotyledon callus of cass...[ Objective] Through inductive culture, emodin and chrysophanol contents in cassia seed were increased. [ Method ] MS culture medium was used to bourgeon seedlings of cassia seed and to induce cotyledon callus of cassia seed while HPLC method was adopted to determine emodin and ehrysophanol eontents.[ Result] Emedin and chrysophanol contents in cotyledon callus were 0. 099% and 0. 312%, respectively, while they were 0.029% and 0. 190% respectively in cassia seed. [ Conclusion] The method of inducing cotyledon callus was helpful for increasing emodin coment in cassia seed.展开更多
Two new glycosides were isolated and characterized by spectral analysis from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and the leaves of Cassia angustifolia. The structure was elucidated as 1-hydroxyl-2-acetyl-3,8-dimethoxynaph...Two new glycosides were isolated and characterized by spectral analysis from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and the leaves of Cassia angustifolia. The structure was elucidated as 1-hydroxyl-2-acetyl-3,8-dimethoxynaphthalene-6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl- （1→2）-β-D-glucopyranoside and 2-acetyl-3-methyl-8-methoxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.展开更多
Objetive: To explore the potential insecticidal, ovipositor deterrent and antifeedant effects of ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Senna tora(Syn. Cassia tora) against cowpea weevil(Callosobruchus maculatus).Metho...Objetive: To explore the potential insecticidal, ovipositor deterrent and antifeedant effects of ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Senna tora(Syn. Cassia tora) against cowpea weevil(Callosobruchus maculatus).Method: The activities were evaluated using standard protocols.In these bioassays, the cowpea seeds were used directly as an insect feed. The activity of the extract and isolated compounds were tested at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 μg/mL and compared to neem oil and cinnamaldehyde(as standard positive controls). Phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract was done through a number of chromatographic techniques and the structures of the isolated compounds were established through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including 2 D-NMR and ESI-MS studies.Results: Fractionation of the active ethyl acetate extract resulted in the isolation of one known anthraquinone,aurantio-obtusin(1) and a novel compound that was named as cassiatorin(2). Compounds1 and 2 showed comparable insect antifeedant properties with the positive controls while their insecticidal and ovipositor deterrent effects were far superior to the standard controls.Conclusions: It is thus concluded that Senna tora extracts and the isolated compounds(1 and2) may be employed in the postharvest management of stored cowpea seeds and as other crop protectants.展开更多
Cassia tora Linn.More commonly known as‘Charota’in hindi language in India,is a rainwater wasteland herb.For years,the leaves and seeds of Cassia tora have been used in the Ayurveda,Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)...Cassia tora Linn.More commonly known as‘Charota’in hindi language in India,is a rainwater wasteland herb.For years,the leaves and seeds of Cassia tora have been used in the Ayurveda,Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),and folk medicine of tropics for the various medicinal properties it possesses.By reviewing various literature on the plant,it was found that it is great for health as it possesses several protective properties like:h epatoprotective,ne phroprotective,c ataract protective,s kin protective,and n europrotective properties.Apart from these properties like,v asodilatory,a nti-tumor,a nti-oxidant,l axative,a nti-d iabetic,a nti-i nflammatory,a nti-e strogenic,are also significant medicinal activities that can be further used to develop neutraceuticals for diseases like cancer and diabetes.Lastly,the compounds found in Cassia Tora are also efficient anti-bacterial,anti-fungal and anti-helminthic agents.Some of its medicinal properties have been reported only in ethnomedicine,while some tested in model systems,and some verified through clinical trials.We evaluate the current state of literature on these medicinal activities.We have found this leguminous herb to have potentially multiple characteristics that might help in mitigating current pandemic with literature evidence of anti SARS-CoV activity.Further,an in-silico analysis of the molecule Aurantio-Obtusin(AO)showed efficient binding to various SARS-CoV2 proteases and host factor molecules involved in inflammatory pathways.However,more experimental and clinical studies with single isolated and purified natural compounds are warranted to confirm such useful activities of the wasteland herb,for it’s health food,medical and economic utilization.展开更多
A new anthraquinone glycoside, emodin-1-O-β-gentiobioside 1, together with threeknown compounds, chrysophanol-1-O-β-gentiobioside 2, physcion-8-O-β-gentiobioside 3, andchrysophanol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β...A new anthraquinone glycoside, emodin-1-O-β-gentiobioside 1, together with threeknown compounds, chrysophanol-1-O-β-gentiobioside 2, physcion-8-O-β-gentiobioside 3, andchrysophanol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside4 was isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Its structure was elucidated on the basis ofspectroscopic evidence.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the methanolic extract of the root of Cassia singueana in rats following acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Methods: Malo...Objective: To evaluate in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the methanolic extract of the root of Cassia singueana in rats following acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Methods: Malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin as indices of liver damage and lipid peroxidation were detected in rats after intraperitoneal administration of extract (5 mg/kg). Results: The liver, kidney and heart showed significant reduction ( P <0.05) in the levels of MDA from (0.18依0.04), (0.23 依0.07) and (0.26依0.10) nmol/mg respectively in the CCl 4 control to (0.15依0.03), (0.17依0.04) and (0.17 依0.07) nmol/mg protein in groups pre-treated with the extract for three days at 5 mg/kg). Similarly, compared to the CCl 4 control, significant reduction ( P<0.05) in serum AST, ALT and bilirubin as well as in level of total cholesterol and MDA with concomitant increase in HDL cholesterol, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels when CCl 4 -intoxicated rats were treated with Cassia singueana root extract for two weeks. Conclusions: These results suggest that methanolic extract of Cassia singueana contain potent antioxidant compounds that can offer significant protection against hepatic and oxidative injuries.展开更多
High performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) fingerprints of Cassia seed,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),were developed by means of the chromatograms at two wavelengths of 238 and 282 nm.Then,the two data sets we...High performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) fingerprints of Cassia seed,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),were developed by means of the chromatograms at two wavelengths of 238 and 282 nm.Then,the two data sets were combined into one matrix.The application of principal component analysis(PCA) for this data matrix showed that the samples were clustered into four groups in accordance with the plant sources and preparation procedures.Furthermore,partial least squares(PLS),back propagation artificial neural...展开更多
Thinning is an important activity employed in forest management. To date, studies have mainly focused on the effects of thinning on the growth of trees during the same thinning period. In this study, plantation Pinus ...Thinning is an important activity employed in forest management. To date, studies have mainly focused on the effects of thinning on the growth of trees during the same thinning period. In this study, plantation Pinus massoniana Lamb. near maturity were thinned at varying intensities and an economically important species, Cinnamomum cassia Presl., was planted beneath the thinned canopy. The aim of the study was to explore the effects of the extent of thinning on the essential oil content and its components of C. cassia in different parts of the plant, as well as the economic feasibility of the P. massoniana-C.cassia management model. Thinning significantly reduced the oil yield in the bark and branches of C. cassia, but hardly impacted the oil yield from C. cassia leaves compared with pure C. cassia forest（CK）. Among the different thinning treatments, both light（T.4） and extensive（T.1）thinning reduced the oil yield of C. cassia bark and new branches. The concentrations of the main aldehydes differed in different parts of the plant and were affected by the extent of thinning. The influence on cinnamaldehyde in the bark was minor, but was much greater in the branches and leaves. Both the oil yield and content of cinnamaldehyde showed that moderate（T.3） thinning was more favorable than other thinning models. These results not only provide a potentially promising model for the transformation of low-yield artificial pure forests of P. massoniana in the future, but also offer a reference for the management of artificial mixed stands.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate aqueous and ethanol extract of Cassia didymobotrya leaves against immature stages of Culex quinquefasciatus.Methods:The mortality rate of immature mosquitoes was tested in wide and narrow range c...Objective:To evaluate aqueous and ethanol extract of Cassia didymobotrya leaves against immature stages of Culex quinquefasciatus.Methods:The mortality rate of immature mosquitoes was tested in wide and narrow range concentration of the plant extract based on WHO standard protocol.The wide range concentration tested in the present study was 10 000,1 000,100,10 and1 mg/L and narrow range concentration was 50,100,150,200 and 250 mg/L.Results:2nd instar larvae exposed to 100 mg/L and above concentration of ethanol extract showed 100%mortality.Remaining stages such as 3rd,4th and pupa,100%mortality was observed at 1 000 mg/L and above concentration after 24 h exposure period.In aqueous extract all the stages 100%mortality was recorded at 1000 mg/L and above concentration.In narrow range concentration 2nd instar larvae 100%mortality was observed at 150 mg/L and above concentration of ethanol extract.The remaining stages 100%mortality was recorded at 250 mg/L.In aqueous extract all the tested immature stages 100%mortality was observed at 250 mg/L concentration after 24 h exposure period.The results clearly indicate that the rale of mortality was based dose of the plant extract and stage of the mosquitoes.Conclusions:From this study it is confirmed and concluded that Cassia didymobotrya is having active principle which is responsible for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus.The isolation of biouctive molecules and development of simple formulation technique is important for large scale implementation.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic and anti-lipemic effects of Cassia siamea methanolic leaves extract.Methods:The antidiabetic study was performed by measuring blood glucose level with elegance glucometer at w...Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic and anti-lipemic effects of Cassia siamea methanolic leaves extract.Methods:The antidiabetic study was performed by measuring blood glucose level with elegance glucometer at weekly intervals i.e.0,7,14 and 21 in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Total cholesterol,triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were determined in normal and streptozotocin induces diabetic rats by autoanalyser.Glibenclamide was used as a reference drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg.Results:After the oral administration of extracts at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for three weeks,blood glucose levels and body weights were significantly improved(P【0.01).Daily oral treatment with the extract also resulted in significantly reduction of serum cholesterol and triglycerides.HDL-cholesterol level was found to be improved to(P【0.01).Conclusions:The Cassia siamea leaf extract is useful in controlling blood glucose level as well as improving lipid metabolism and body weight in rats with induced diabetes.展开更多
An improved solvent-free microwave extraction（ISFME） was used for the extraction of essential oil from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl. Two kinds of solid microwave absorption media[carbonyl iron powder（CIP） and gra...An improved solvent-free microwave extraction（ISFME） was used for the extraction of essential oil from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl. Two kinds of solid microwave absorption media[carbonyl iron powder（CIP） and graphite powder（GP）] were used. When ISFME was applied, the heating rate was enhanced and the extraction time was obviously shorter than that consumed in conventional solvent-free microwave extraction（CSFME）. Twenty-eight kinds of compounds in the essential oil were identified, and the total content fractions of the compounds obtained by CIP-ISFME, GP-ISFME, CSFME, and hydrodistillation（HD） were 96.65%, 96.06%, 97.22%, and 96.29%, respectively. The compounds in the essential oil obtained from Cinnamomum cassia Presl. by ISFME, CSFME, and HD were compared and the quantity of the essential oil was almost the same. The ISFME has been proved to be a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried samples, and there are several obvious advantages in ISFME over those of HD and CSFME, for example, shorter extraction time（30 min） and lower energy consumption.展开更多
Flavonoids identification, total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of the extracts from the leaves as well as flowers of Cassia angustifolia were determined. Five different extraction techniques were used fo...Flavonoids identification, total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of the extracts from the leaves as well as flowers of Cassia angustifolia were determined. Five different extraction techniques were used for the extraction of flavonoids from leaves and flowers. Total flavonoid contents (TFC) in the extracts were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Individual flavonoids were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ioniza- tion tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS). It has been examined that aqueous ethanol (70%) fractions of C. angustifolia flowers and leaves are highly rich in flavonoids and microwave extraction is the best method for the extraction of individual flavanoid constituents (1 - 9) as well as total flavonoid contents. It was also found that compound 8 was absent in the leaves and compounds 2 and 5 could not be identified. The extracts of C. angustifolia flowers and leaves show strong antioxidant activity.展开更多
Two new glycosides, nor-rubrofusadn-6-O-β-D-（6＇-O-acetyl）glucopyranoside （1） and 1-desmethylaurantio-obtusin-2-O-β-D- glucopyranoside （2） were isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and their structure...Two new glycosides, nor-rubrofusadn-6-O-β-D-（6＇-O-acetyl）glucopyranoside （1） and 1-desmethylaurantio-obtusin-2-O-β-D- glucopyranoside （2） were isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and their structures were established by chemical and spectral evidences. 2009 Yong Qing Xiao. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
Objective: To assess the putative diuretic and antioxidant properties of Cassia occidentalis(C. occidentalis) leaves' aqueous extract. Methods: Adult rats were administered with C. occidentalis leaves aqueous extr...Objective: To assess the putative diuretic and antioxidant properties of Cassia occidentalis(C. occidentalis) leaves' aqueous extract. Methods: Adult rats were administered with C. occidentalis leaves aqueous extract acutely(24-h) and subchronically(7 d), at doses 80, 160, 240, 320, and 400 mg/kg(per os). Negative control group received only an equivalent volume of distilled water, while the two positive control groups received the diuretic drugs furosemide(20 mg/kg, i.p.) and hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ, 20 mg/kg, i.p.). Urinary elimination of electrolytes in response to treatments was evaluated, together with changes in concentrations of creatinine, urea, aldosterone, glucose, and albumin in urine and plasma. Various urinary indicators of kidney function and plasmatic markers of oxidative stress were also assessed. Results: The acute administration of C. occidentalis increased the urinary excretion of 107.58% at the higher dose tested, compared to negative control. The reference drugs furosemide and HCTZ induced increases of 84.27 % and 48.05 %, respectively. Acutely, the extract induced Na+ and Cl- elimination, whereas subchronically an increase in K+ elimination was also observed. The extract also improved the kidney function indexes and oxidative stress markers. These effects were dose-dependent and comparable with positive control observations. Conclusions: Our i ndings strongly suggest that C. occidentalis aqueous extract has diuretic and antioxidant activities, and deserves further studies considering the potential for the treatment of hypertension.展开更多
Most seed gums have been widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food products because of their hydrophilic properties. Gums from Tamariudus indica and Cassia fistula seeds were che...Most seed gums have been widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food products because of their hydrophilic properties. Gums from Tamariudus indica and Cassia fistula seeds were chemically modified by carboxymethylation to improve their functionalities. The objective of the present study was to characterize and evaluate crude and carboxymethylated gums from T. indica and C. fistula seeds to achieve the controlled-release of diclofenac sodium(DS) in matrix tablet form. Both crude and carboxymethylated gums were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the gums were successfully modified by carboxymethylation and that the modified gums were amorphous in structure and had better flow properties. The carboxymethylated gums from both plant seeds did not exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/ml. All gum samples used as polymeric controlled-release agents were formulated into DS matrix tablets. Hardness and thickness tests were conducted as in-process tests. Drug content estimation and in vitro drug release studies were carried out to evaluate the matrix tablets. Increasing the concentration of gums increased compression time and hardness while it reduced the thickness. Furthermore, the results fitted well with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Moreover, the DS tablets were found to release the drug by super case II transport(relaxation). In summary, the carboxymethylated gum from T. indica and C. fistula seeds is an excellent, naturally sourced gum with high physicochemical and functional qualities, and can potentially be used in pharmaceutical applications as a disintegrant, diluent, and drug release-controlling agent.展开更多
A new flavonoid glucoside with a known one was isolated from the leaves of Cassia angustifolia. Based on the spectral analysis, including MS, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, DEPT, ^1H-1HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOSEY, their chemical s...A new flavonoid glucoside with a known one was isolated from the leaves of Cassia angustifolia. Based on the spectral analysis, including MS, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, DEPT, ^1H-1HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOSEY, their chemical structures were determined as kaempferol-3-O-[（6＇＇＇-O-trans-sinnapoyt）-β-D-glucopyranosyl （1 → 6）]-β-D-glucopyranoside 1 and apigenin-6,8-di-C-glycoside 2.展开更多
文摘Aim To differentiate the genuine cassia bark from its substitutes and adulterants. Methods Six components, phenylpropyl acetate, cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin, and cinnamic acid were used as characteristic markers, and an optimized TLC method was developed. Results The TLC profile of cassia bark is similar to its closely related variety Cinnamomum cassia Presl var. macrophyllum Chu but significantly different from other six Cinnamomum species. High content of phenylpropyl acet...
基金Science and Technology Development Funds of Southwest Jiaotong University (20070013)~~
文摘[ Objective] Through inductive culture, emodin and chrysophanol contents in cassia seed were increased. [ Method ] MS culture medium was used to bourgeon seedlings of cassia seed and to induce cotyledon callus of cassia seed while HPLC method was adopted to determine emodin and ehrysophanol eontents.[ Result] Emedin and chrysophanol contents in cotyledon callus were 0. 099% and 0. 312%, respectively, while they were 0.029% and 0. 190% respectively in cassia seed. [ Conclusion] The method of inducing cotyledon callus was helpful for increasing emodin coment in cassia seed.
文摘Two new glycosides were isolated and characterized by spectral analysis from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and the leaves of Cassia angustifolia. The structure was elucidated as 1-hydroxyl-2-acetyl-3,8-dimethoxynaphthalene-6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl- （1→2）-β-D-glucopyranoside and 2-acetyl-3-methyl-8-methoxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.
基金The financial assistance from the Swedish International Development Agency for some of the study (travel grant for Valantine Mbatchou)
文摘Objetive: To explore the potential insecticidal, ovipositor deterrent and antifeedant effects of ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Senna tora(Syn. Cassia tora) against cowpea weevil(Callosobruchus maculatus).Method: The activities were evaluated using standard protocols.In these bioassays, the cowpea seeds were used directly as an insect feed. The activity of the extract and isolated compounds were tested at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 μg/mL and compared to neem oil and cinnamaldehyde(as standard positive controls). Phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract was done through a number of chromatographic techniques and the structures of the isolated compounds were established through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including 2 D-NMR and ESI-MS studies.Results: Fractionation of the active ethyl acetate extract resulted in the isolation of one known anthraquinone,aurantio-obtusin(1) and a novel compound that was named as cassiatorin(2). Compounds1 and 2 showed comparable insect antifeedant properties with the positive controls while their insecticidal and ovipositor deterrent effects were far superior to the standard controls.Conclusions: It is thus concluded that Senna tora extracts and the isolated compounds(1 and2) may be employed in the postharvest management of stored cowpea seeds and as other crop protectants.
文摘Cassia tora Linn.More commonly known as‘Charota’in hindi language in India,is a rainwater wasteland herb.For years,the leaves and seeds of Cassia tora have been used in the Ayurveda,Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),and folk medicine of tropics for the various medicinal properties it possesses.By reviewing various literature on the plant,it was found that it is great for health as it possesses several protective properties like:h epatoprotective,ne phroprotective,c ataract protective,s kin protective,and n europrotective properties.Apart from these properties like,v asodilatory,a nti-tumor,a nti-oxidant,l axative,a nti-d iabetic,a nti-i nflammatory,a nti-e strogenic,are also significant medicinal activities that can be further used to develop neutraceuticals for diseases like cancer and diabetes.Lastly,the compounds found in Cassia Tora are also efficient anti-bacterial,anti-fungal and anti-helminthic agents.Some of its medicinal properties have been reported only in ethnomedicine,while some tested in model systems,and some verified through clinical trials.We evaluate the current state of literature on these medicinal activities.We have found this leguminous herb to have potentially multiple characteristics that might help in mitigating current pandemic with literature evidence of anti SARS-CoV activity.Further,an in-silico analysis of the molecule Aurantio-Obtusin(AO)showed efficient binding to various SARS-CoV2 proteases and host factor molecules involved in inflammatory pathways.However,more experimental and clinical studies with single isolated and purified natural compounds are warranted to confirm such useful activities of the wasteland herb,for it’s health food,medical and economic utilization.
文摘A new anthraquinone glycoside, emodin-1-O-β-gentiobioside 1, together with threeknown compounds, chrysophanol-1-O-β-gentiobioside 2, physcion-8-O-β-gentiobioside 3, andchrysophanol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside4 was isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Its structure was elucidated on the basis ofspectroscopic evidence.
文摘Objective: To evaluate in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the methanolic extract of the root of Cassia singueana in rats following acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Methods: Malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin as indices of liver damage and lipid peroxidation were detected in rats after intraperitoneal administration of extract (5 mg/kg). Results: The liver, kidney and heart showed significant reduction ( P <0.05) in the levels of MDA from (0.18依0.04), (0.23 依0.07) and (0.26依0.10) nmol/mg respectively in the CCl 4 control to (0.15依0.03), (0.17依0.04) and (0.17 依0.07) nmol/mg protein in groups pre-treated with the extract for three days at 5 mg/kg). Similarly, compared to the CCl 4 control, significant reduction ( P<0.05) in serum AST, ALT and bilirubin as well as in level of total cholesterol and MDA with concomitant increase in HDL cholesterol, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels when CCl 4 -intoxicated rats were treated with Cassia singueana root extract for two weeks. Conclusions: These results suggest that methanolic extract of Cassia singueana contain potent antioxidant compounds that can offer significant protection against hepatic and oxidative injuries.
基金the financial support for this study by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC20562009)the Jiangxi Province Natural Science Foundation(No.JXNSF0620041)the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Nanchang University(Nos.SKLF-MB200807 and SKLF-TS200819)
文摘High performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) fingerprints of Cassia seed,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),were developed by means of the chromatograms at two wavelengths of 238 and 282 nm.Then,the two data sets were combined into one matrix.The application of principal component analysis(PCA) for this data matrix showed that the samples were clustered into four groups in accordance with the plant sources and preparation procedures.Furthermore,partial least squares(PLS),back propagation artificial neural...
基金supported by the key technology for the management of artificial multi-layers plantation(2006–2009)the interspecific nitrogen transfer behaviors and root interaction mechanism of Eucalyptus and Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen(31460196)the key technology for the management of Strified Mixed Stands of Pinus massoniana and Cinnamomum cassia(2014–2024)
文摘Thinning is an important activity employed in forest management. To date, studies have mainly focused on the effects of thinning on the growth of trees during the same thinning period. In this study, plantation Pinus massoniana Lamb. near maturity were thinned at varying intensities and an economically important species, Cinnamomum cassia Presl., was planted beneath the thinned canopy. The aim of the study was to explore the effects of the extent of thinning on the essential oil content and its components of C. cassia in different parts of the plant, as well as the economic feasibility of the P. massoniana-C.cassia management model. Thinning significantly reduced the oil yield in the bark and branches of C. cassia, but hardly impacted the oil yield from C. cassia leaves compared with pure C. cassia forest（CK）. Among the different thinning treatments, both light（T.4） and extensive（T.1）thinning reduced the oil yield of C. cassia bark and new branches. The concentrations of the main aldehydes differed in different parts of the plant and were affected by the extent of thinning. The influence on cinnamaldehyde in the bark was minor, but was much greater in the branches and leaves. Both the oil yield and content of cinnamaldehyde showed that moderate（T.3） thinning was more favorable than other thinning models. These results not only provide a potentially promising model for the transformation of low-yield artificial pure forests of P. massoniana in the future, but also offer a reference for the management of artificial mixed stands.
基金Supported by University of Gondar(UOG/Budget/no.6215)
文摘Objective:To evaluate aqueous and ethanol extract of Cassia didymobotrya leaves against immature stages of Culex quinquefasciatus.Methods:The mortality rate of immature mosquitoes was tested in wide and narrow range concentration of the plant extract based on WHO standard protocol.The wide range concentration tested in the present study was 10 000,1 000,100,10 and1 mg/L and narrow range concentration was 50,100,150,200 and 250 mg/L.Results:2nd instar larvae exposed to 100 mg/L and above concentration of ethanol extract showed 100%mortality.Remaining stages such as 3rd,4th and pupa,100%mortality was observed at 1 000 mg/L and above concentration after 24 h exposure period.In aqueous extract all the stages 100%mortality was recorded at 1000 mg/L and above concentration.In narrow range concentration 2nd instar larvae 100%mortality was observed at 150 mg/L and above concentration of ethanol extract.The remaining stages 100%mortality was recorded at 250 mg/L.In aqueous extract all the tested immature stages 100%mortality was observed at 250 mg/L concentration after 24 h exposure period.The results clearly indicate that the rale of mortality was based dose of the plant extract and stage of the mosquitoes.Conclusions:From this study it is confirmed and concluded that Cassia didymobotrya is having active principle which is responsible for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus.The isolation of biouctive molecules and development of simple formulation technique is important for large scale implementation.
文摘Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic and anti-lipemic effects of Cassia siamea methanolic leaves extract.Methods:The antidiabetic study was performed by measuring blood glucose level with elegance glucometer at weekly intervals i.e.0,7,14 and 21 in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Total cholesterol,triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were determined in normal and streptozotocin induces diabetic rats by autoanalyser.Glibenclamide was used as a reference drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg.Results:After the oral administration of extracts at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for three weeks,blood glucose levels and body weights were significantly improved(P【0.01).Daily oral treatment with the extract also resulted in significantly reduction of serum cholesterol and triglycerides.HDL-cholesterol level was found to be improved to(P【0.01).Conclusions:The Cassia siamea leaf extract is useful in controlling blood glucose level as well as improving lipid metabolism and body weight in rats with induced diabetes.
文摘An improved solvent-free microwave extraction（ISFME） was used for the extraction of essential oil from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl. Two kinds of solid microwave absorption media[carbonyl iron powder（CIP） and graphite powder（GP）] were used. When ISFME was applied, the heating rate was enhanced and the extraction time was obviously shorter than that consumed in conventional solvent-free microwave extraction（CSFME）. Twenty-eight kinds of compounds in the essential oil were identified, and the total content fractions of the compounds obtained by CIP-ISFME, GP-ISFME, CSFME, and hydrodistillation（HD） were 96.65%, 96.06%, 97.22%, and 96.29%, respectively. The compounds in the essential oil obtained from Cinnamomum cassia Presl. by ISFME, CSFME, and HD were compared and the quantity of the essential oil was almost the same. The ISFME has been proved to be a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried samples, and there are several obvious advantages in ISFME over those of HD and CSFME, for example, shorter extraction time（30 min） and lower energy consumption.
文摘Flavonoids identification, total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of the extracts from the leaves as well as flowers of Cassia angustifolia were determined. Five different extraction techniques were used for the extraction of flavonoids from leaves and flowers. Total flavonoid contents (TFC) in the extracts were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Individual flavonoids were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ioniza- tion tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS). It has been examined that aqueous ethanol (70%) fractions of C. angustifolia flowers and leaves are highly rich in flavonoids and microwave extraction is the best method for the extraction of individual flavanoid constituents (1 - 9) as well as total flavonoid contents. It was also found that compound 8 was absent in the leaves and compounds 2 and 5 could not be identified. The extracts of C. angustifolia flowers and leaves show strong antioxidant activity.
文摘Two new glycosides, nor-rubrofusadn-6-O-β-D-（6＇-O-acetyl）glucopyranoside （1） and 1-desmethylaurantio-obtusin-2-O-β-D- glucopyranoside （2） were isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and their structures were established by chemical and spectral evidences. 2009 Yong Qing Xiao. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
基金the financing allocated for function of the Laboratory of the Medicinal Plants,Health and Galenic Formulation of the Department of Biological Sciences
文摘Objective: To assess the putative diuretic and antioxidant properties of Cassia occidentalis(C. occidentalis) leaves' aqueous extract. Methods: Adult rats were administered with C. occidentalis leaves aqueous extract acutely(24-h) and subchronically(7 d), at doses 80, 160, 240, 320, and 400 mg/kg(per os). Negative control group received only an equivalent volume of distilled water, while the two positive control groups received the diuretic drugs furosemide(20 mg/kg, i.p.) and hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ, 20 mg/kg, i.p.). Urinary elimination of electrolytes in response to treatments was evaluated, together with changes in concentrations of creatinine, urea, aldosterone, glucose, and albumin in urine and plasma. Various urinary indicators of kidney function and plasmatic markers of oxidative stress were also assessed. Results: The acute administration of C. occidentalis increased the urinary excretion of 107.58% at the higher dose tested, compared to negative control. The reference drugs furosemide and HCTZ induced increases of 84.27 % and 48.05 %, respectively. Acutely, the extract induced Na+ and Cl- elimination, whereas subchronically an increase in K+ elimination was also observed. The extract also improved the kidney function indexes and oxidative stress markers. These effects were dose-dependent and comparable with positive control observations. Conclusions: Our i ndings strongly suggest that C. occidentalis aqueous extract has diuretic and antioxidant activities, and deserves further studies considering the potential for the treatment of hypertension.
基金the Higher Education Research Promotion-National Research Universities(HERP-NRU)for financial support under grant no.2559A10862013
文摘Most seed gums have been widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food products because of their hydrophilic properties. Gums from Tamariudus indica and Cassia fistula seeds were chemically modified by carboxymethylation to improve their functionalities. The objective of the present study was to characterize and evaluate crude and carboxymethylated gums from T. indica and C. fistula seeds to achieve the controlled-release of diclofenac sodium(DS) in matrix tablet form. Both crude and carboxymethylated gums were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the gums were successfully modified by carboxymethylation and that the modified gums were amorphous in structure and had better flow properties. The carboxymethylated gums from both plant seeds did not exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/ml. All gum samples used as polymeric controlled-release agents were formulated into DS matrix tablets. Hardness and thickness tests were conducted as in-process tests. Drug content estimation and in vitro drug release studies were carried out to evaluate the matrix tablets. Increasing the concentration of gums increased compression time and hardness while it reduced the thickness. Furthermore, the results fitted well with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Moreover, the DS tablets were found to release the drug by super case II transport(relaxation). In summary, the carboxymethylated gum from T. indica and C. fistula seeds is an excellent, naturally sourced gum with high physicochemical and functional qualities, and can potentially be used in pharmaceutical applications as a disintegrant, diluent, and drug release-controlling agent.
文摘A new flavonoid glucoside with a known one was isolated from the leaves of Cassia angustifolia. Based on the spectral analysis, including MS, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, DEPT, ^1H-1HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOSEY, their chemical structures were determined as kaempferol-3-O-[（6＇＇＇-O-trans-sinnapoyt）-β-D-glucopyranosyl （1 → 6）]-β-D-glucopyranoside 1 and apigenin-6,8-di-C-glycoside 2.
