To enhance the productivity of Carya illinoinensis cv.‘Shaoxing’and mitigate the loss of flowers and fruits,the effects of different concentrations of Piperonyl Butoxide(PBO)wettable powder(2,5,and 10 g·L^(-1))...To enhance the productivity of Carya illinoinensis cv.‘Shaoxing’and mitigate the loss of flowers and fruits,the effects of different concentrations of Piperonyl Butoxide(PBO)wettable powder(2,5,and 10 g·L^(-1))and Paclobutrazol(PP_(333))(150,300,and 450 mg·L^(-1),based on active ingredients)on 6-year-old‘Shaoxing’plants were investigated with water sprayed as the control.The results showed that:(1)Treatment with 10 g·L^(-1)PBO and 450 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333)significantly inhibited the excessive growth of‘Shaoxing’branches.Also,10 g·L^(-1)PBO exhibited the best diameter increment effect on fruiting branches,and 150 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333) exhibited the best diameter increment effect on vegetative branches.(2)The content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves treated reached the highest level after treatment with 450 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333),while the content of starch sugar in leaves reached the highest level after treatment with 300 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333).The application of PBO and PP_(333)mitigated the decline in N,P,K,and other nutrient levels observed in the leaves of‘Shaoxing’.As the PBO and PP_(333) concentrations increased,the nutrient elements in the leaves first increased and then decreased.Among them,300 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333)treatment exhibited the best effect on increasing the content of N,P,and K in the leaves at the late stage of fruit development.(3)In terms of fruit setting rate and nutritional quality of‘Shaoxing’fruit,5 g·L^(-1)PBO treatment showed the most promising effect on improving fruit setting rate,150 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333)exhibited the best effect on improving reducing sugar and decreasing tannin content in the kernel,10 g·L^(-1)PBO had the best effect on improving the crude fat content,and 2 g·L^(-1)PBO had the best effect on improving the cellulose content in the kernel.(4)Principal component analysis showed that 450 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333)treatment had the most comprehensive regulatory effect on the growth and development of current-year branches,leaves,and fruits of‘Shaoxing’.This study provided a theoretical basis and data reference for the growth and development of C.illinoinensis cv.‘Shaoxing’fruits from the perspective of the application of plant growth regulators.展开更多
In order to explore the forestation technique of pecan in Yunan, different types of pecan seedlings, bare-rooted seedlings and container seedlings were plant- ed in Yunnan, and their survival rates were investigated. ...In order to explore the forestation technique of pecan in Yunan, different types of pecan seedlings, bare-rooted seedlings and container seedlings were plant- ed in Yunnan, and their survival rates were investigated. This study will provide im- portant guidance for development of pecan industry in Yunnan Province.展开更多
Carya cathayensis Sarg is distributed near Tianmu mountain areas in Zhejiang Province and Anhui Province, China. Kernel of Carya cathayensis Sarg, which is well-known for the daintiness and nutritional content, is pop...Carya cathayensis Sarg is distributed near Tianmu mountain areas in Zhejiang Province and Anhui Province, China. Kernel of Carya cathayensis Sarg, which is well-known for the daintiness and nutritional content, is popular and very delicious food in eastern China. In this paper, we investigated the physiochemical properties and nutrient gradients of the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg. The results showed that the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg contained 63% of fat, 9.1% of proteins, 3.6% of starch and 4.6% of soluble proteins (based ration of weight). The compositions of the fatty acids were very similar to olive oil, and the total unsaturated fatty acids were 94%. Meanwhile, the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg also contained some polyphenols such as vanillic acid, ferulic acid, 3-methoxybenzoic acid and quercetin. The content of total polyphenols was 9.7 μg/g. Furthermore, the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg also contained some trace amount of squalene, β-Sitosterol, Vitamin E.展开更多
Background:Mature oak(Quercus spp.)and hickory(Carya spp.)trees are gradually being replaced by more shadetolerant tree species across the eastern U.S.,likely due to fire suppression and increased precipitation.Oaks a...Background:Mature oak(Quercus spp.)and hickory(Carya spp.)trees are gradually being replaced by more shadetolerant tree species across the eastern U.S.,likely due to fire suppression and increased precipitation.Oaks and hickories are highly valuable to wildlife;therefore,studying their mortality patterns can provide information on the longevity of habitat quality for many animal species.Oak mortality has most often been studied following large oak decline events,but background mortality rates in forests with aging oak and hickory canopies warrant equal attention,especially in the context of widespread oak and hickory regeneration failure.Methods:We studied background mortality rates of five oak and one hickory species over a 23–25 year time period(1993–1995 to 2018),using 821/20th hectare permanent plots on the Marietta Unit of the Wayne National Forest in southeastern Ohio.We calculated mortality rates based on remeasurement of individual trees for white oak(Quercus alba),chestnut oak(Quercus montana),northern red oak(Quercus rubra),black oak(Quercus velutina),scarlet oak(Quercus coccinea),and pignut hickory(Carya glabra).For each of these species other than scarlet oak,we also modeled the relationships of mortality probability with a priori topographic,soil,stand structural,and individual tree covariates,using a mixed-effects logistic regression framework.Results:The species with the highest mortality rate was scarlet oak(61.3%),followed by northern red oak(41.4%),black oak(26.7%),pignut hickory(23.9%),white oak(23.4%),and chestnut oak(19.1%).In our models,northern red oak mortality was associated with more mesic slope positions,shallower solums,more acidic soils,and older stand ages.Pignut hickory and chestnut oak mortality rates were associated with higher basal areas on the plot,while white oak mortality showed the opposite pattern.Conclusions:Our data suggest that red oak subgenus trees in mature forests of our area will become increasingly uncommon relative to white oak subgenus trees,as the result of higher mortality rates likely related to the shorter lifespans of these species.Particularly vulnerable areas may include more mesic topographic positions,shallower or more acidic soil,and older stands.Since maintaining oak subgenus diversity is beneficial to wildlife diversity in the eastern U.S.,managers in areas with extensive mature mixed-oak forests could choose to favor the red oak subgenus when conducting silvicultural treatments.展开更多
Using cottonseed hull as the control substrate, different proportions of the untreated and treated Carya cathayensis Sarg shells were added to cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus. The mycelial growth rate, yield, nut...Using cottonseed hull as the control substrate, different proportions of the untreated and treated Carya cathayensis Sarg shells were added to cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus. The mycelial growth rate, yield, nutritional composition and contents of heavy metals of the Pleurotus geesteranus cultivated on these substrates were determined. The results suggest that added to treated Carya cathayensis Sarg shell promoted the mycelial growth and increased the yield, biological efficiency and the contents of crude fiber, ash, amino acids and essential amino acids of Pleurotus geesteranus. In addition, the fat content and soluble sugar contents of Pleurotus geesteranus were decreased with the increase of the Carya cathayensis Sarg shell content in substrate, but their contents of heavy metals including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were higher than that obtained on control substrate.展开更多
Euplatypus segnis is an insect pest of economic importance in pecan (Carya illinoensis) trees grown at Parras, General Cepeda and Torreón Coahuila, Mexico. The objectives in this study-were to identify the fungal...Euplatypus segnis is an insect pest of economic importance in pecan (Carya illinoensis) trees grown at Parras, General Cepeda and Torreón Coahuila, Mexico. The objectives in this study-were to identify the fungal strains associated to ambrosia borer body and diseased pecan wood and determine their pathogenicity. The results showed that the associated fungi to Euplatypus segnis and damaging the pecan wood were identified as: Helminthosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Ascochyta sp., Phaecylomices sp., Umbeliopsis sp., Torula sp., Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata, Fusarum oxysporum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The pathogenicity tests on healthy 3 year old pecan trees cv. western using Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata and Lasiodiplodia theobromae suspension conidia shown die back tree branches after 84 days inoculation. The insect in combination with the fungal invasion eventually cause the death of trees. Additionally, the insect contributes to the spread of fungi in pecan nut orchards.展开更多
Lin'an City has a long history of growing,processing and selling Carya Cathayensis,a traditional special local product for which the city is well known.In recent years,Lin'an Carya Cathayensis gives full play ...Lin'an City has a long history of growing,processing and selling Carya Cathayensis,a traditional special local product for which the city is well known.In recent years,Lin'an Carya Cathayensis gives full play to the industry cluster advantages and gains the reputation of"regional name brand of Zhejiang".However,it faces the predicament of regional brand operation,so industry transformation and upgrading as well as intensive farming for this brand are inevitable and necessary.This paper analyzes the current regional brand operation mode of Carya Cathayensis in Lin'an to find out that the growth of this brand is constrained by messy business entities,weak brand protection effect,significant lemon market effect,insufficient industry association efforts and wanting brand culture construction,thus it puts forward the conception of a business alliance based regional brand operation mode for the Carya Cathayensis in Lin'an.The results of this study shall provide theoretical guidance and empirical basis for the marketing practice of the regional brand of Carya Cathayensis in Lin'an.展开更多
Based on the theory of Means-End Chain,this paper surveyed value cognition structure of 36 member consumers through the laddering interview. According to the survey,it made an in-depth analysis on brand positioning st...Based on the theory of Means-End Chain,this paper surveyed value cognition structure of 36 member consumers through the laddering interview. According to the survey,it made an in-depth analysis on brand positioning strategy for Lin'an Carya Cathayensis Sarg,and obtained the existing brand operating model. It is hoped to explore effective strategy of brand positioning for agricultural product enterprises in Zhejiang Province,and accordingly lift core competitiveness of agricultural products of Zhejiang Province.展开更多
[Objective] The antioxidation effect of Carya cathayensis sarg (CCS) Oil was qualitatively and quantitatively detected. [Method] 50 male mice were divided into 5 groups equally and randomly and among them,the three gr...[Objective] The antioxidation effect of Carya cathayensis sarg (CCS) Oil was qualitatively and quantitatively detected. [Method] 50 male mice were divided into 5 groups equally and randomly and among them,the three groups were either negative,or model control,or positive control (ginseng saponins),respectively. Two remaining groups were orally fed with low and high dosages of CCS oil ((9 ml/(kg·d) and (33 ml/(kg·d)),respectively. All groups were injected D-galactose through hypodermic except the negative control ones which were only treated with equals amount of distilled water. The superoxide dismutase (SOD),maleic dialdehyde(MDA) and monoamine oxidase(MAO) were analyzed with blood sample and brain tissue 42 days post treatment. [Result] It was showed that the activity of SOD enzyme was increased in the CCS oil groups,while MDA and MAO content were decreased in the CCS oil groups compared with that of other groups with significance observed in the group fed with high dose of CCS oil. [Conclusion] The result indicated that the CCS oil has the ability of antioxidation and is useful to human health.展开更多
基金funded by the Guangxi Innovation-Driven Development Project(Grant Number AA17204058).
文摘To enhance the productivity of Carya illinoinensis cv.‘Shaoxing’and mitigate the loss of flowers and fruits,the effects of different concentrations of Piperonyl Butoxide(PBO)wettable powder(2,5,and 10 g·L^(-1))and Paclobutrazol(PP_(333))(150,300,and 450 mg·L^(-1),based on active ingredients)on 6-year-old‘Shaoxing’plants were investigated with water sprayed as the control.The results showed that:(1)Treatment with 10 g·L^(-1)PBO and 450 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333)significantly inhibited the excessive growth of‘Shaoxing’branches.Also,10 g·L^(-1)PBO exhibited the best diameter increment effect on fruiting branches,and 150 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333) exhibited the best diameter increment effect on vegetative branches.(2)The content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves treated reached the highest level after treatment with 450 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333),while the content of starch sugar in leaves reached the highest level after treatment with 300 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333).The application of PBO and PP_(333)mitigated the decline in N,P,K,and other nutrient levels observed in the leaves of‘Shaoxing’.As the PBO and PP_(333) concentrations increased,the nutrient elements in the leaves first increased and then decreased.Among them,300 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333)treatment exhibited the best effect on increasing the content of N,P,and K in the leaves at the late stage of fruit development.(3)In terms of fruit setting rate and nutritional quality of‘Shaoxing’fruit,5 g·L^(-1)PBO treatment showed the most promising effect on improving fruit setting rate,150 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333)exhibited the best effect on improving reducing sugar and decreasing tannin content in the kernel,10 g·L^(-1)PBO had the best effect on improving the crude fat content,and 2 g·L^(-1)PBO had the best effect on improving the cellulose content in the kernel.(4)Principal component analysis showed that 450 mg·L^(-1)PP_(333)treatment had the most comprehensive regulatory effect on the growth and development of current-year branches,leaves,and fruits of‘Shaoxing’.This study provided a theoretical basis and data reference for the growth and development of C.illinoinensis cv.‘Shaoxing’fruits from the perspective of the application of plant growth regulators.
文摘In order to explore the forestation technique of pecan in Yunan, different types of pecan seedlings, bare-rooted seedlings and container seedlings were plant- ed in Yunnan, and their survival rates were investigated. This study will provide im- portant guidance for development of pecan industry in Yunnan Province.
文摘Carya cathayensis Sarg is distributed near Tianmu mountain areas in Zhejiang Province and Anhui Province, China. Kernel of Carya cathayensis Sarg, which is well-known for the daintiness and nutritional content, is popular and very delicious food in eastern China. In this paper, we investigated the physiochemical properties and nutrient gradients of the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg. The results showed that the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg contained 63% of fat, 9.1% of proteins, 3.6% of starch and 4.6% of soluble proteins (based ration of weight). The compositions of the fatty acids were very similar to olive oil, and the total unsaturated fatty acids were 94%. Meanwhile, the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg also contained some polyphenols such as vanillic acid, ferulic acid, 3-methoxybenzoic acid and quercetin. The content of total polyphenols was 9.7 μg/g. Furthermore, the kernel oil of Carya cathayensis Sarg also contained some trace amount of squalene, β-Sitosterol, Vitamin E.
基金funded by United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station agreement 15-CS-11242302-122(to S.N.M.)the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center SEEDS Project OHOA1572(to D.M.H.)The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and The Ohio State University provided fellowship funding to D.C.R。
文摘Background:Mature oak(Quercus spp.)and hickory(Carya spp.)trees are gradually being replaced by more shadetolerant tree species across the eastern U.S.,likely due to fire suppression and increased precipitation.Oaks and hickories are highly valuable to wildlife;therefore,studying their mortality patterns can provide information on the longevity of habitat quality for many animal species.Oak mortality has most often been studied following large oak decline events,but background mortality rates in forests with aging oak and hickory canopies warrant equal attention,especially in the context of widespread oak and hickory regeneration failure.Methods:We studied background mortality rates of five oak and one hickory species over a 23–25 year time period(1993–1995 to 2018),using 821/20th hectare permanent plots on the Marietta Unit of the Wayne National Forest in southeastern Ohio.We calculated mortality rates based on remeasurement of individual trees for white oak(Quercus alba),chestnut oak(Quercus montana),northern red oak(Quercus rubra),black oak(Quercus velutina),scarlet oak(Quercus coccinea),and pignut hickory(Carya glabra).For each of these species other than scarlet oak,we also modeled the relationships of mortality probability with a priori topographic,soil,stand structural,and individual tree covariates,using a mixed-effects logistic regression framework.Results:The species with the highest mortality rate was scarlet oak(61.3%),followed by northern red oak(41.4%),black oak(26.7%),pignut hickory(23.9%),white oak(23.4%),and chestnut oak(19.1%).In our models,northern red oak mortality was associated with more mesic slope positions,shallower solums,more acidic soils,and older stand ages.Pignut hickory and chestnut oak mortality rates were associated with higher basal areas on the plot,while white oak mortality showed the opposite pattern.Conclusions:Our data suggest that red oak subgenus trees in mature forests of our area will become increasingly uncommon relative to white oak subgenus trees,as the result of higher mortality rates likely related to the shorter lifespans of these species.Particularly vulnerable areas may include more mesic topographic positions,shallower or more acidic soil,and older stands.Since maintaining oak subgenus diversity is beneficial to wildlife diversity in the eastern U.S.,managers in areas with extensive mature mixed-oak forests could choose to favor the red oak subgenus when conducting silvicultural treatments.
文摘Using cottonseed hull as the control substrate, different proportions of the untreated and treated Carya cathayensis Sarg shells were added to cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus. The mycelial growth rate, yield, nutritional composition and contents of heavy metals of the Pleurotus geesteranus cultivated on these substrates were determined. The results suggest that added to treated Carya cathayensis Sarg shell promoted the mycelial growth and increased the yield, biological efficiency and the contents of crude fiber, ash, amino acids and essential amino acids of Pleurotus geesteranus. In addition, the fat content and soluble sugar contents of Pleurotus geesteranus were decreased with the increase of the Carya cathayensis Sarg shell content in substrate, but their contents of heavy metals including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were higher than that obtained on control substrate.
文摘Euplatypus segnis is an insect pest of economic importance in pecan (Carya illinoensis) trees grown at Parras, General Cepeda and Torreón Coahuila, Mexico. The objectives in this study-were to identify the fungal strains associated to ambrosia borer body and diseased pecan wood and determine their pathogenicity. The results showed that the associated fungi to Euplatypus segnis and damaging the pecan wood were identified as: Helminthosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Ascochyta sp., Phaecylomices sp., Umbeliopsis sp., Torula sp., Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata, Fusarum oxysporum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The pathogenicity tests on healthy 3 year old pecan trees cv. western using Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata and Lasiodiplodia theobromae suspension conidia shown die back tree branches after 84 days inoculation. The insect in combination with the fungal invasion eventually cause the death of trees. Additionally, the insect contributes to the spread of fungi in pecan nut orchards.
基金Supported by National Level Project of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates(201210341016)Zhejiang Province Project of Technology Innovation Program(2012R412016)+1 种基金Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education(12YJA630192)Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project in Zhejiang Province(10CGGL18YB)
文摘Lin'an City has a long history of growing,processing and selling Carya Cathayensis,a traditional special local product for which the city is well known.In recent years,Lin'an Carya Cathayensis gives full play to the industry cluster advantages and gains the reputation of"regional name brand of Zhejiang".However,it faces the predicament of regional brand operation,so industry transformation and upgrading as well as intensive farming for this brand are inevitable and necessary.This paper analyzes the current regional brand operation mode of Carya Cathayensis in Lin'an to find out that the growth of this brand is constrained by messy business entities,weak brand protection effect,significant lemon market effect,insufficient industry association efforts and wanting brand culture construction,thus it puts forward the conception of a business alliance based regional brand operation mode for the Carya Cathayensis in Lin'an.The results of this study shall provide theoretical guidance and empirical basis for the marketing practice of the regional brand of Carya Cathayensis in Lin'an.
基金Supported by Sci-tech Innovation Program of Students of Colleges and Universities in Zhejiang Province in 2013(2013230019)Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education(12YJA630192)
文摘Based on the theory of Means-End Chain,this paper surveyed value cognition structure of 36 member consumers through the laddering interview. According to the survey,it made an in-depth analysis on brand positioning strategy for Lin'an Carya Cathayensis Sarg,and obtained the existing brand operating model. It is hoped to explore effective strategy of brand positioning for agricultural product enterprises in Zhejiang Province,and accordingly lift core competitiveness of agricultural products of Zhejiang Province.
文摘[Objective] The antioxidation effect of Carya cathayensis sarg (CCS) Oil was qualitatively and quantitatively detected. [Method] 50 male mice were divided into 5 groups equally and randomly and among them,the three groups were either negative,or model control,or positive control (ginseng saponins),respectively. Two remaining groups were orally fed with low and high dosages of CCS oil ((9 ml/(kg·d) and (33 ml/(kg·d)),respectively. All groups were injected D-galactose through hypodermic except the negative control ones which were only treated with equals amount of distilled water. The superoxide dismutase (SOD),maleic dialdehyde(MDA) and monoamine oxidase(MAO) were analyzed with blood sample and brain tissue 42 days post treatment. [Result] It was showed that the activity of SOD enzyme was increased in the CCS oil groups,while MDA and MAO content were decreased in the CCS oil groups compared with that of other groups with significance observed in the group fed with high dose of CCS oil. [Conclusion] The result indicated that the CCS oil has the ability of antioxidation and is useful to human health.
