Objective: To study the stereoselective glucuronidation of carvedilol (CARV) by three Chinese liver microsomes. Methods: The metabolites of CARV were identified by a hydrolysis reaction with β-glucuronidase and HPLC-...Objective: To study the stereoselective glucuronidation of carvedilol (CARV) by three Chinese liver microsomes. Methods: The metabolites of CARV were identified by a hydrolysis reaction with β-glucuronidase and HPLC-MS/MS. The enzyme kinetics for CARV enantiomers glucuronidation was determined by a reversed phase-high pressure liquid chromatogra-phy (RP-HPLC) assay using (S)-propafenone as internal standard after precolumn derivatization with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosylisothiocyanate. Results: Two CARV glucuronides were found in three Chinese liver microsomes incubated with CARV. The non-linear regression analysis showed that the values of Km and Vmax for (S)-CARV and (R)-CARV enantiomers were (118±44) μmol/L, (2 500±833) pmol/(min·mg protein) and (24±7) μmol/L, (953±399) pmol/(min·mg protein), respectively. Conclusion: These results suggested that there was a significant (P<0.05) stereoselective glucuronidation of CARV enantiomers in three Chinese liver microsomes, which might partly explain the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of CARV.展开更多
The carved lacquer craft,a gem of traditional Chinese crafts,boasts a history of over 2,000 years and features craftsmanship of a superior order.This study attempts to investigate the typical tasks and learning result...The carved lacquer craft,a gem of traditional Chinese crafts,boasts a history of over 2,000 years and features craftsmanship of a superior order.This study attempts to investigate the typical tasks and learning result evaluation of carved lacquer apprentices at the novice stage by the method of qualitative research with 11 carved lacquer craft inheritors of a studio of a carved lacquer master.It is discovered that the design of carved lacquer draft sketches,the design of carved lacquer patterns,and the making and use of carved lacquer tools are typical tasks of novice apprentices,while the modeling and aesthetics of works,carving skills,and the level of interaction with the carved lacquer community are important criteria for evaluating the development of the skills of novice apprentices.展开更多
CHINA is home to porcelain. There are thousands of art forms related to porcelain in the country. Among these art froms, carved porcelain is a very unique kind.
At present,the protection of the legend of Ding Lan Carved Wood is declining and fails to give full play to its function of building filial culture.Combined with the examination of the contemporary inheritance and pro...At present,the protection of the legend of Ding Lan Carved Wood is declining and fails to give full play to its function of building filial culture.Combined with the examination of the contemporary inheritance and protection of the legend of Ding Lan Carved Wood,we make full use of the existing resources of the legend of Ding Lan Carved Wood in urban areas and unite the cities of Xuzhou,Xingping,and Jiaozuo to put forward practical and favorable suggestions for development and inheritance,and jointly promote the exploration of the development and inheritance path of the filial culture of the legend of Ding Lan Carved Wood.展开更多
Students of the Faculty of Architecture in Sarajevo,through the course Architecture of the Old Age,were able to get acquainted with“architecture carved in rock”,and only a very limited number of examples-the archi&#...Students of the Faculty of Architecture in Sarajevo,through the course Architecture of the Old Age,were able to get acquainted with“architecture carved in rock”,and only a very limited number of examples-the architecture of ancient Egypt,ancient Greek architecture in Asia Minor(Lycia),and the architecture of ancient Persia.Many examples of this architectural expression remained unknown to them:the architecture of ancient and medieval India,the architecture of ancient and medieval China,the architecture of the ancient Middle East(the area of today’s Israel,Jordan,Saudi Arabia),vernacular architecture around the world from different historical periods.As a teacher at the Faculty of Architecture in Sarajevo,the author,after switching to the education of architecture students in accordance with the“Bologna process”(2003),presented“architecture carved in the rocks”through a series of subjects,through all levels of education(undergraduate,master’s and doctoral studies),within the framework of processing narrower topics of architecture:constructive systems in architecture,bioclimatic architecture,architecture as an energy system,architecture in context.The complex process of creating architecture and explaining its appearance was elaborated by the author(1988)in his doctoral dissertation.The topic“Architecture Carved in Rocks”was elaborated according to this model,which on the one hand confirmed its applicability,and on the other hand enabled students to look at the highly dispersed appearance of architecture in an extremely systematic way,without losing sight of its basic elements:environment,man,boundaries and perspectives.The aim of this work is to show(and through examples in Bosnia and Herzegovina)that natural caves,with more or less“refining”,are still used today,and that“carving architecture into rocks”is an all-time and planetary phenomenon.展开更多
Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent ...Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent of the global wooden toy market,Yunhe’s story began with a small factory established in 1970.Today,it has grown into a distinctive industrial cluster with an annual output value exceeding 8 billion yuan($1.15 billion),exporting products to 82 countries and regions.展开更多
One of the-world's most pertectly presefved settlements offers valuable insight into ancient urban planing construction techniquos and the vibrant religious and cultural exchanges along the Silk Road.
"Carved silk" originated during the Five Dynasties (907-960) period and gained great popularity during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). This particular style of weave, which features the same design on both side..."Carved silk" originated during the Five Dynasties (907-960) period and gained great popularity during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). This particular style of weave, which features the same design on both sides, is clearly defined as if engraved with a knife. The distinct quality of the work led to the moniker "Carved Silk." The two most outstanding pieces of carved silk—展开更多
As early as the sixth century, carved lacquerware had already appeared in China. Usually a work must be given more than 30 coats of red lacquer, and then it is carved after drying in darkness. Carved lacquerware has a...As early as the sixth century, carved lacquerware had already appeared in China. Usually a work must be given more than 30 coats of red lacquer, and then it is carved after drying in darkness. Carved lacquerware has always been regarded as a precious gift. In the past, however, lacquerware was only used in the palace; today common people enjoy its beauty and utility. The Beijing Carved Lacquerware Mill is reputed for its quality products, most of which find ready sale on the international market. Masters and students—most of whom are women—have played an important role in the development of carved lacquerware.展开更多
COMING from Dali of YunnanProvince where millions of Baiethnic people live in compactcommunities,carved plums,(or Baicarved plums),have a harvesthistory of more than one thousandyears.They are tasty,great thirst-quenc...COMING from Dali of YunnanProvince where millions of Baiethnic people live in compactcommunities,carved plums,(or Baicarved plums),have a harvesthistory of more than one thousandyears.They are tasty,great thirst-quenchers and fine appetizers. Eryuan County plums are展开更多
Zhao Shuguo, a professor at the Sculpture Department of the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, became interested in carved wooden beds with their intricate patterns when he went into the midst of the common people to colle...Zhao Shuguo, a professor at the Sculpture Department of the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, became interested in carved wooden beds with their intricate patterns when he went into the midst of the common people to collect folk art carvings. Ever since he has collected and studied these beds which were recenfiy displayed in a special exhibition. The carved wooden beds, made during the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-展开更多
President Xi Jinping calls for preserving and promoting cultural relics and museums to carry forward Chinese civilization.ON May 19,one day after the International Museum Day,Chinese President Xi Jinping visited the L...President Xi Jinping calls for preserving and promoting cultural relics and museums to carry forward Chinese civilization.ON May 19,one day after the International Museum Day,Chinese President Xi Jinping visited the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang,central China’s Henan Province.With 2,345 caves and alcoves,nearly 110,000 Buddhist statues,over 2,800 inscriptions,and nearly 80 pagodas,the Longmen Grottoes was recognized by UNESCO as the pinnacle of Chinese stone carving art.展开更多
The Dazu Rock Carvings in Chongqing were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1999.In recent years,the Dazu Rock Carvings have faced environmental challenges such as geological forces,increased precipitation,pollut...The Dazu Rock Carvings in Chongqing were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1999.In recent years,the Dazu Rock Carvings have faced environmental challenges such as geological forces,increased precipitation,pollution and tourism,which have led to rock deterioration and structural instability.The multi-source monitoring system for the protection of the rock carvings,based on the Internet of Things,includes Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)displacement monitoring,static level displacement monitoring,laser rangefinder displacement monitoring,roof pressure sensor monitoring and environmental damage monitoring.This paper analyses data from each sub-monitoring system within the multi-source monitoring system applied to Yuanjue Cave in the Dazu Rock Carvings.Initially,a correlation analysis between climate monitoring data and roof displacement data was carried out to assess the effect of temperature.Based on the results of the analysis,a temperature correction equation for the laser rangefinder was derived to improve the laser rangefinder displacement monitoring system.The improved system was then used to monitor Cave 168,revealing the deformation and erosion patterns of the roof.The research results demonstrate that the multiparameter monitoring system is capable of accurately measuring and analyzing the stability of the Dazu stone carvings,as well as the effects of environmental conditions on them.The use of the Internet of Things(IoT)and real-time data collection to monitor rock deformation and environmental conditions is an innovative application of technology in cultural heritage conservation.Interpretation of the monitoring system and statistical correlation analysis of temperature and laser rangefinder data highlight the thoroughness of the methodology in this paper and its relevance to sustainable mountain development.In the future,multi-source monitoring systems will have a broader application in the conservation of other UNESCO World Heritage Sites.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30225047)the Science and Technology Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (No. 2005C13026)
文摘Objective: To study the stereoselective glucuronidation of carvedilol (CARV) by three Chinese liver microsomes. Methods: The metabolites of CARV were identified by a hydrolysis reaction with β-glucuronidase and HPLC-MS/MS. The enzyme kinetics for CARV enantiomers glucuronidation was determined by a reversed phase-high pressure liquid chromatogra-phy (RP-HPLC) assay using (S)-propafenone as internal standard after precolumn derivatization with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosylisothiocyanate. Results: Two CARV glucuronides were found in three Chinese liver microsomes incubated with CARV. The non-linear regression analysis showed that the values of Km and Vmax for (S)-CARV and (R)-CARV enantiomers were (118±44) μmol/L, (2 500±833) pmol/(min·mg protein) and (24±7) μmol/L, (953±399) pmol/(min·mg protein), respectively. Conclusion: These results suggested that there was a significant (P<0.05) stereoselective glucuronidation of CARV enantiomers in three Chinese liver microsomes, which might partly explain the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of CARV.
文摘The carved lacquer craft,a gem of traditional Chinese crafts,boasts a history of over 2,000 years and features craftsmanship of a superior order.This study attempts to investigate the typical tasks and learning result evaluation of carved lacquer apprentices at the novice stage by the method of qualitative research with 11 carved lacquer craft inheritors of a studio of a carved lacquer master.It is discovered that the design of carved lacquer draft sketches,the design of carved lacquer patterns,and the making and use of carved lacquer tools are typical tasks of novice apprentices,while the modeling and aesthetics of works,carving skills,and the level of interaction with the carved lacquer community are important criteria for evaluating the development of the skills of novice apprentices.
文摘CHINA is home to porcelain. There are thousands of art forms related to porcelain in the country. Among these art froms, carved porcelain is a very unique kind.
文摘At present,the protection of the legend of Ding Lan Carved Wood is declining and fails to give full play to its function of building filial culture.Combined with the examination of the contemporary inheritance and protection of the legend of Ding Lan Carved Wood,we make full use of the existing resources of the legend of Ding Lan Carved Wood in urban areas and unite the cities of Xuzhou,Xingping,and Jiaozuo to put forward practical and favorable suggestions for development and inheritance,and jointly promote the exploration of the development and inheritance path of the filial culture of the legend of Ding Lan Carved Wood.
文摘Students of the Faculty of Architecture in Sarajevo,through the course Architecture of the Old Age,were able to get acquainted with“architecture carved in rock”,and only a very limited number of examples-the architecture of ancient Egypt,ancient Greek architecture in Asia Minor(Lycia),and the architecture of ancient Persia.Many examples of this architectural expression remained unknown to them:the architecture of ancient and medieval India,the architecture of ancient and medieval China,the architecture of the ancient Middle East(the area of today’s Israel,Jordan,Saudi Arabia),vernacular architecture around the world from different historical periods.As a teacher at the Faculty of Architecture in Sarajevo,the author,after switching to the education of architecture students in accordance with the“Bologna process”(2003),presented“architecture carved in the rocks”through a series of subjects,through all levels of education(undergraduate,master’s and doctoral studies),within the framework of processing narrower topics of architecture:constructive systems in architecture,bioclimatic architecture,architecture as an energy system,architecture in context.The complex process of creating architecture and explaining its appearance was elaborated by the author(1988)in his doctoral dissertation.The topic“Architecture Carved in Rocks”was elaborated according to this model,which on the one hand confirmed its applicability,and on the other hand enabled students to look at the highly dispersed appearance of architecture in an extremely systematic way,without losing sight of its basic elements:environment,man,boundaries and perspectives.The aim of this work is to show(and through examples in Bosnia and Herzegovina)that natural caves,with more or less“refining”,are still used today,and that“carving architecture into rocks”is an all-time and planetary phenomenon.
文摘Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent of the global wooden toy market,Yunhe’s story began with a small factory established in 1970.Today,it has grown into a distinctive industrial cluster with an annual output value exceeding 8 billion yuan($1.15 billion),exporting products to 82 countries and regions.
文摘One of the-world's most pertectly presefved settlements offers valuable insight into ancient urban planing construction techniquos and the vibrant religious and cultural exchanges along the Silk Road.
文摘"Carved silk" originated during the Five Dynasties (907-960) period and gained great popularity during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). This particular style of weave, which features the same design on both sides, is clearly defined as if engraved with a knife. The distinct quality of the work led to the moniker "Carved Silk." The two most outstanding pieces of carved silk—
文摘As early as the sixth century, carved lacquerware had already appeared in China. Usually a work must be given more than 30 coats of red lacquer, and then it is carved after drying in darkness. Carved lacquerware has always been regarded as a precious gift. In the past, however, lacquerware was only used in the palace; today common people enjoy its beauty and utility. The Beijing Carved Lacquerware Mill is reputed for its quality products, most of which find ready sale on the international market. Masters and students—most of whom are women—have played an important role in the development of carved lacquerware.
文摘COMING from Dali of YunnanProvince where millions of Baiethnic people live in compactcommunities,carved plums,(or Baicarved plums),have a harvesthistory of more than one thousandyears.They are tasty,great thirst-quenchers and fine appetizers. Eryuan County plums are
文摘Zhao Shuguo, a professor at the Sculpture Department of the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, became interested in carved wooden beds with their intricate patterns when he went into the midst of the common people to collect folk art carvings. Ever since he has collected and studied these beds which were recenfiy displayed in a special exhibition. The carved wooden beds, made during the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-
文摘President Xi Jinping calls for preserving and promoting cultural relics and museums to carry forward Chinese civilization.ON May 19,one day after the International Museum Day,Chinese President Xi Jinping visited the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang,central China’s Henan Province.With 2,345 caves and alcoves,nearly 110,000 Buddhist statues,over 2,800 inscriptions,and nearly 80 pagodas,the Longmen Grottoes was recognized by UNESCO as the pinnacle of Chinese stone carving art.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42377154)。
文摘The Dazu Rock Carvings in Chongqing were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1999.In recent years,the Dazu Rock Carvings have faced environmental challenges such as geological forces,increased precipitation,pollution and tourism,which have led to rock deterioration and structural instability.The multi-source monitoring system for the protection of the rock carvings,based on the Internet of Things,includes Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)displacement monitoring,static level displacement monitoring,laser rangefinder displacement monitoring,roof pressure sensor monitoring and environmental damage monitoring.This paper analyses data from each sub-monitoring system within the multi-source monitoring system applied to Yuanjue Cave in the Dazu Rock Carvings.Initially,a correlation analysis between climate monitoring data and roof displacement data was carried out to assess the effect of temperature.Based on the results of the analysis,a temperature correction equation for the laser rangefinder was derived to improve the laser rangefinder displacement monitoring system.The improved system was then used to monitor Cave 168,revealing the deformation and erosion patterns of the roof.The research results demonstrate that the multiparameter monitoring system is capable of accurately measuring and analyzing the stability of the Dazu stone carvings,as well as the effects of environmental conditions on them.The use of the Internet of Things(IoT)and real-time data collection to monitor rock deformation and environmental conditions is an innovative application of technology in cultural heritage conservation.Interpretation of the monitoring system and statistical correlation analysis of temperature and laser rangefinder data highlight the thoroughness of the methodology in this paper and its relevance to sustainable mountain development.In the future,multi-source monitoring systems will have a broader application in the conservation of other UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
