Personalized health services are of paramount importance for the treatment and prevention of cardiorespiratory diseases,such as hypertension.The assessment of cardiorespiratory function and biometric identification(ID...Personalized health services are of paramount importance for the treatment and prevention of cardiorespiratory diseases,such as hypertension.The assessment of cardiorespiratory function and biometric identification(ID)is crucial for the effectiveness of such personalized health services.To effectively and accurately monitor pulse wave signals,thus achieving the assessment of cardiorespiratory function,a wearable photonic smart wristband based on an all-polymer sensing unit(All-PSU)is proposed.The smart wristband enables the assessment of cardiorespiratory function by continuously monitoring respiratory rate(RR),heart rate(HR),and blood pressure(BP).Furthermore,it can be utilized for biometric ID purposes.Through the analysis of pulse wave signals using power spectral density(PSD),accurate monitoring of RR and HR is achieved.Additionally,utilizing peak detection algorithms for feature extraction from pulse signals and subsequently employing a variety of machine learning methods,accurate BP monitoring and biometric ID have been realized.For biometric ID,the accuracy rate is 98.55%.Aiming to monitor RR,HR,BP,and ID,our solution demonstrates advantages in integration,functionality,and monitoring precision.These enhancements may contribute to the development of personalized health services aimed at the treatment and prevention of cardiorespiratory diseases.展开更多
Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold s...Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold standara")and estimated CRF is clinically relevant because estimated CRF is more feasible.Our objective was to meta-analyze cohort studies to compare the associations of objectively measured,exerciseestimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality in adults.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 9 databases(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Scopus,PsycINFO,Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,and the Cochrane Library)up to April 11,2024.We included full-text refereed cohort studies published in English that quantified the association(using risk estimates with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))of objectively measured,exercise-estimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.CRF was expressed as metabolic equivalents(METs)of task.Pooled relative risks(RR)for all-cause and CVD mortality per 1-MET(3.5 mL/kg/min)higher level of CRF were quantified using random-effects models.Results:Forty-two studies representing 35 cohorts and 3,813,484 observations(81%male)(362,771 all-cause and 56,471 CVD deaths)were included.The pooled RRs for all-cause and CVD mortality per higher MET were 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.88)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80-0.87),respectively.For both all-cause and CVD mortality,there were no statistically significant differences in RR per higher MET between objectively measured(RR range:0.86-0.90)and maximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.85-0.86),submaximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.91-0.94),and non-exercise-estimated CRF(RR range:0.81-0.85).Conclusion:Objectively measured and estimated CRF showed similar dose-response associations for all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.Estimated CRF could provide a practical and robust alternative to objectively measured CRF for assessing mortality risk across diverse populations.Our findings underscore the health-related benefits of higher CRF and advocate for its integration into clinical practice to enhance risk stratification.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is increasing among adolescents,but paediatric risk predictors are relatively underdeveloped.This study aimed to establish the associations of visceral adiposity index(VAI)and cardiorespi...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is increasing among adolescents,but paediatric risk predictors are relatively underdeveloped.This study aimed to establish the associations of visceral adiposity index(VAI)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)with fasting plasma glucose in 418 Nigerian adolescents aged 11 years to 19 years.Using a cross-sectional design,participants were stratified by VAI and CRF tertiles to examine variations in impaired fasting glucose(IFG)risk.The findings of this study revealed significant gender differences:In the case of boys,high VAI and low CRF is associated with IFG,while no association was present in girls.CRF,measured by the 20-meter shuttle run,was a stronger predictor of IFG than VAI,suggesting that physical fitness is a protective factor against glucose dysreg-ulation.These findings point to VAI and CRF as useful,non-invasive predictors of risk for T2DM in youth,supporting school-based fitness programs that promote CRF and attenuate visceral adiposity,particularly in males.Future work must validate these predictors across various ethnic populations and identify other risk factors that can augment plans for early interventions aimed at the prevention of adolescent T2DM.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease,which is related to impaired vascular function.However,its relationship with vascular function remains unknown i...BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease,which is related to impaired vascular function.However,its relationship with vascular function remains unknown in patients with type 2 diabetes.AIM To assess the relationship of CRF with vascular function in type 2 diabetes.METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes who were aged≥18 years and underwent an incremental and symptom-limited exercise test were included.Vascular function was assessed by the construction of the vascular health index(VHI),which is defined as a composite score of ankle-brachial index,transcutaneous oxygen pressure,pulse wave velocity,and carotid intima-media thickness.Impaired vascular function is defined as a VHI of<8 points.Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations.RESULTS We included 343 patients with type 2 diabetes.CRF was positively correlated with VHI(β=0.10,P=0.047),particularly with ankle-brachial index and pulse wave velocity.The odds ratio(OR)of impaired vascular function was 0.44[95%confidence interval(CI):0.20-0.96]for the highest vs the lowest CRF category.For each one metabolic equivalent increase in CRF,the OR of impaired vascular function was 0.73(95%CI:0.57-0.93).CONCLUSION Higher CRF was associated with better vascular function and lower odds of impaired vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Background:As the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment has improved,a growing number of long-term breast cancer survivors are seeking help for unique health problems.These patients may be at increased risk of card...Background:As the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment has improved,a growing number of long-term breast cancer survivors are seeking help for unique health problems.These patients may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to the side effects of treatment.The positive impact of most types of exercise has been repeatedly reported in people with cancer,but the most effective exercise approaches for maximum beneficial adaptations remain controversial.Thus,this study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIIT)and moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT) on inflammatory indices,adipokines,metabolic markers,body composition,cardiorespiratory fitness,and quality of life in breast cancer patients during adjuvant endocrine therapy.Methods:Thirty non-metastatic breast cancer patients during adjuvant endocrine therapy who had been treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were recruited from Iran and randomized to HIIT,MICT,or control groups for a supervised exercise intervention that took place 3 times a week for 12 weeks.The training intensity was determed based on the peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak),and the volume of training was matched in HIIT and MICT based on the VO2peak.Body composition,functional capacity,cardiorespiratory fitness,metabolic indices,sex hormones,adipokines,and inflammatory markers were assessed before and after the intervention.Results:The VO2peakincreased by 16.8% in the HIIT group in comparison to baseline values(mean difference=3.61 mL/kg/min).HIIT significantly improved the VO2peakcompared to control(mean difference=3.609 mL/kg/min) and MICT(mean differences=2.974 mL/kg/min)groups.Both HIIT(mean difference=9.172 mg/dL) and MICT(mean difference=7.879 mg/dL) interventions significantly increased highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to the control group.The analysis of covariance showed that physical well-being significantly improved in MICT compared to control group(mean difference=3.268).HIIT significantly improved the social well-being compared to the control group(mean difference=4.412).Emotional well-being subscale was significantly improved in both MICT(mean difference=4.248)and HIIT(mean difference=4.412) compared to the control group.Functional well-being scores significantly increased in HIIT group compared with control group(mean difference=3.35).Significant increase were also observed in total functional assessment of cancer therapy-General scores in both HIIT(mean difference=14.204) and MICT groups(mean difference=10.036) compared with control group.The serum level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 increased significantly(mean difference=0.09 pg/mL) in the HIIT group compared to the baseline.There were no significant differences between groups for body weight,body mass index,fasting blood glucose,insulin resistance,sex hormone binding globulin,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,adipokines,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-a,or interleukin-10.Conclusion:HIIT can be used as a safe,feasible,and time-efficient intervention to improve cardiovascular fitness in breast cancer patients.Both HIIT and MICT modalities enhance quality of life.Further large-scale studies will help determine whether these promising results translate into improved clinical and oncological outcomes.展开更多
Fatigability describes the decline in force production（i.e., performance fatigability） and/or changes in sensations regulating performance（i.e., perceived fatigability） during whole-body activity and poses a major...Fatigability describes the decline in force production（i.e., performance fatigability） and/or changes in sensations regulating performance（i.e., perceived fatigability） during whole-body activity and poses a major challenge to those living with spinal cord injuries（SCI）. After SCI, the inability to overcome disruptions to metabolic homeostasis due to cardiorespiratory limitations and physical deconditioning may contribute to increased fatigability severity. The increased susceptibility to fatigability may have implications for motor control strategies and motor learning. Locomotor training approaches designed to reduce fatigability and enhance aerobic capacity in combination with motor learning may be advantageous for promoting functional recovery after SCI. Future research is required to advance the understanding of the relationship between fatigability, cardiorespiratory function and motor performance following SCI.展开更多
Background:Atherosclerosis forms the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular disease.Since pathological processes initially develop without clinically relevant symptoms,the identification of early mar...Background:Atherosclerosis forms the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular disease.Since pathological processes initially develop without clinically relevant symptoms,the identification of early markers in the subclinical stage plays an important role for initiating early interventions.There is evidence that regulatory T cells(Tregs)are involved in the development of atherosclerosis.Therefore,the present study aimed to identify and investigate associations with Tregs and their subsets in a cohort of healthy elderly individuals with and without subclinical atherosclerotic plaques(SAP).In addition,various lifestyle and risk factors,such as cardiorespiratory fitness,were investigated as associated signatures.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed in 79 participants(male:n=50;age=63.6±3.7 years;body mass index=24.9±3.1 kg/m2;mean±SD)who had no previous diagnosis of chronic disease and were not taking medication.Ultrasound of the carotids to identify SAP,cardiovascular function measurement for vascular assessment and a cardiorespiratory fitness test to determine peak oxygen uptake were performed.Additionally,tests were conducted to assess blood lipids and determine glucose levels.Immunophenotyping of Tregs and their subtypes(resting(rTregs)and effector/memory(mTregs))was performed by 8-chanel flow cytometry.Participants were categorized according to atherosclerotic plaque status.Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between parameters.Results:SAP was detected in a total of 29 participants.The participants with plaque were older(64.8±3.6 years vs.62.9±3.5 years)and had higher peripheral systolic blood pressure(133.8±14.7 mmHg vs.125.8±10.9 mmHg).The participants with SAP were characterized by a lower percentage of rTregs(28.8%±10.7%vs.34.6%±10.7%)and a higher percentage of mTregs(40.3%±14.7%vs.30.0%±11.9%).Multiple logistic regression identified age(odds ratio(OR)=1.20(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.011.42))and mTregs(OR=1.05(95%CI:1.021.10))as independent risk factors for SAP.Stepwise linear regression could reveal an association of peak oxygen uptake(β=0.441),low-density lipoprotein(LDL)(β=0.096),and SAP(β=6.733)with mTregs and LDL(β=0.104)with rTregs.Conclusion:While at an early stage of SAP,the total proportion of Tregs gives no indication of vascular changes,this is indicated by a shift in the Treg subgroups.Factors such as serum LDL or cardiopulmonary fitness may be associated with this shift and may also be additional diagnostic indicators.This could be used to initiate lifestyle-based preventive measures at an early stage,which may have a protective effect against disease progression.展开更多
AIM To investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in a cohort of large voluntary arm forces in Taiwan. METHODS The cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in ...AIM To investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in a cohort of large voluntary arm forces in Taiwan. METHODS The cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed forces(CHIEF) is a retrospective cohort consisting of more than 4000 professional military members aged 18-50 years in Eastern Taiwan. All participants received history taking, physical examination, chest radiography, 12-lead electrocardiography, blood tests for cell counts and fasting glucose, lipid profiles, uric acid, renal function and liver function in the Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital during 2014. In addition, participants were required to undergo two indoor resistant exercise tests including 2-min push-up and 2-min sit-up, both scored by infrared sensing, and one outdoor endurance 3000-m none weight-bearing running test, the main indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in the Military Physical Training and Testing Center in Eastern Taiwan in 2014. RESULTS Hospitalization events for cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, severe infectious disease, acute psychiatric illness, diabetes, orthopedic surgery and mortality will be identified in the National Insurance Research Database for 10 years. CONCLUSION CHIEF will be among the largest Eastern Asian armed forces cohort, in which physical status was strictly evaluated to follow up the hospitalization events for severe illness.展开更多
BACKGROUND An association between cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)and insulin resistance in obese adolescents,especially in those with various obesity categories,has not been systematically studied.There is a lack of kn...BACKGROUND An association between cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)and insulin resistance in obese adolescents,especially in those with various obesity categories,has not been systematically studied.There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of CRF on insulin resistance in severely obese adolescents,despite their continuous rise.AIM To investigate the association between CRF and insulin resistance in obese adolescents,with special emphasis on severely obese adolescents.METHODS We performed a prospective,cross-sectional study that included 200 pubertal adolescents,10 years to 18 years of age,who were referred to a tertiary care center due to obesity.According to body mass index(BMI),adolescents were classified as mildly obese(BMI 100% to 120% of the 95^(th)percentile for age and sex)or severely obese(BMI≥120% of the 95^(th)percentile for age and sex or≥35 kg/m^(2),whichever was lower).Participant body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis.A homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)was calculated.Maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2)max)was determined from submaximal treadmill exercise test.CRF was expressed as VO_(2)max scaled by total body weight(TBW)(mL/min/kg TBW)or by fat free mass(FFM)(mL/min/kg FFM),and then categorized as poor,intermediate,or good,according to VO_(2)max terciles.Data were analyzed by statistical software package SPSS(IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows,Version 24.0).P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS A weak negative correlation between CRF and HOMA-IR was found[Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient(rs)=-0.28,P<0.01 for CRF_(TBW);(r_(s))=-0.21,P<0.01 for CRF_(FFM)].One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)revealed a significant main effect of CRF on HOMA-IR[F(2200)=6.840,P=0.001 for CRF_(TBW);F_((2200))=3.883,P=0.022 for CRF_(FFM)].Subsequent analyses showed that obese adolescents with poor CRF had higher HOMA-IR than obese adolescents with good CRF(P=0.001 for CRF_(TBW);P=0.018 for CRF_(FFM)).Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction confirmed significant effect of interaction of CRF level and obesity category on HOMA-IR[F_((2200))=3.292,P=0.039 for CRF_(TBW)].Severely obese adolescents had higher HOMA-IR than those who were mildly obese,with either good or poor CRF.However,HOMA-IR did not differ between severely obese adolescents with good and mildly obese adolescents with poor CRF.CONCLUSION CRF is an important determinant of insulin resistance in obese adolescents,regardless of obesity category.Therefore,CRF assessment should be a part of diagnostic procedure,and its improvement should be a therapeutic goal.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia that may lead to endothelial dysfunction,reduced functional capacity and exercise intolera...BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia that may lead to endothelial dysfunction,reduced functional capacity and exercise intolerance.Regular aerobic exercise has been promoted as the most beneficial non-pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular diseases.High intensity interval training(HIIT)seems to be superior than moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)in cardiovascular diseases by improving brachial artery flow-mediated dilation(FMD)and cardiorespiratory fitness to a greater extent.However,the beneficial effects of HIIT in patients with T2DM still remain under investigation and number of studies is limited.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of high intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in patients with T2DM.METHODS We performed a search on PubMed,PEDro and CINAHL databases,selecting papers published between December 2012 and December 2022 and identified published randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in the English language that included community or outpatient exercise training programs in patients with T2DM.RCTs were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias via the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro).The primary outcome was peak VO_(2 ) and the secondary outcome was endothelial function assessed either by FMD or other indices of microcirculation.RESULTS Twelve studies were included in our systematic review.The 12 RCTs resulted in 661 participants in total.HIIT was performed in 310 patients(46.8%),MICT to 271 and the rest 80 belonged to the control group.Peak VO_(2 ) increased in 10 out of 12 studies after HIIT.Ten studies compared HIIT with other exercise regimens(MICT or strength endurance)and 4 of them demonstrated additional beneficial effects of HIIT over MICT or other exercise regimens.Moreover,4 studies explored the effects of HIIT on endothelial function and FMD in T2DM patients.In 2 of them,HIIT further improved endothelial function compared to MICT and/or the control group while in the rest 2 studies no differences between HIIT and MICT were observed.CONCLUSION Regular aerobic exercise training has beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in T2DM patients.HIIT may be superior by improving these parameters to a greater extent than MICT.展开更多
Exercise therapy is essential for the management of type 2 diabetes(T2 D). However, patients with T2 D show lower physical activity and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness than healthy individuals. It would be ideal for...Exercise therapy is essential for the management of type 2 diabetes(T2 D). However, patients with T2 D show lower physical activity and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness than healthy individuals. It would be ideal for clinicians to co-prescribe glucose-lowering agents that improve cardiorespiratory fitness or exercise capacity in conjunction with exercise therapy. Metformin does not improve cardiorespiratory fitness and may attenuate any beneficial effect of exercise in patients with T2 D. In contrast, thiazolidinediones appear to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with T2 D. Although evidence is limited, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitors may improve cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with heart failure, and the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor agonists on cardiorespiratory fitness is controversial. Recent clinical trials have shown that both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists exert a favorable effect on cardiovascular disease. It becomes more important to choose drugs that have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system beyond glucose-lowering effects. Further studies are warranted to determine an ideal glucose-lowering agent combined with exercise therapy for the treatment of T2 D.展开更多
Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with adult congenital heart disease(ACHD)benefit from exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation(CR)short-and long-term with regard to improvement of...Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with adult congenital heart disease(ACHD)benefit from exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation(CR)short-and long-term with regard to improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness.Methods:Cardiopulmonary exercise tests(CPET)completed by ACHD patients between January 2000 and October 2019 were analysed retrospectively.Linear mixed models were performed for peak oxygen consumption(VO_(2))with patients as random effect and age,sex,disease classification,preceding surgery(≤3 months)and preceding CR(≤4 weeks for short term and>4 weeks for long term)as fixed effects.Results:1056 CPETs of 311 ACHD patients with simple(7),moderate(188)or great(116)complexity heart defects were analysed.The 59 patients who completed a CR(median age 27 yrs,38%females)increased peak VO_(2)from before to after CR by a median of 2.7(IQR–0.6 to 5.5)ml/kg/min.However,in the multivariate mixed model,peak VO_(2)was non-significantly increased short-term after CR(β0.8,95%CI–0.7 to 2.4),not maintained long-term after CR(β0.0,95%CI–1.7 to 1.6)but significantly reduced after surgery(β–5.1,95%CI–7.1 to–3.1).The 20 CR patients after surgery increased their peak VO_(2)by 6.2(IQR 3.6–9.5)ml/kg/min,while the 39 CR patients without preceding surgery increased it by 0.9(IQR–1.5 to 3.1)ml/kg/min.Conclusions:The increase in peak VO_(2)with CR was mainly due to recovery from surgical intervention.The small independent benefit from CR was not maintained long-term,highlighting the potential to improve current CR concepts in ACHD populations.展开更多
Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness involves both cardiovascular and respiratory capacities. However, existing methods have been criticised for reflecting cardiovascular fitness, but not pulmonary fitness. The objec...Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness involves both cardiovascular and respiratory capacities. However, existing methods have been criticised for reflecting cardiovascular fitness, but not pulmonary fitness. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between these two testing parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based physical fitness assessment was conducted in 23 schools. The body height and weight, lung capacity, and step test results of students aged 10-18 were recorded. Criterion-referenced standards from the China Sports Bureau were adopted, as they include separate measurements for cardiovascular and pulmonary fitness. Results: The Pearson coefficients of lung capacity and the step test index from 13,028 schoolchildren ranged from 0.007 to 0.086 and from 0.026 to 0.105 for boys and girls, respectively, showing that poor correlations exist between the two parameters. Cluster analysis resulted in three clusters of children with similar characteristics. A good degree of similarity was found between the two parameters in children obtaining an “excellent” grade, but only a moderate degree of similarity between the two parameters in those obtaining a “good”, “pass” or “fail” grade. Conclusion: When cardiovascular fitness and pulmonary fitness are considered separately, there is a poor correlation between them, thus indicating further studies of cardiopulmonary fitness measurements is necessary.展开更多
Cardiorespiratory diseases are a serious public health problem worldwide. Identification of spatial patterns in health events is an efficient tool to guide public policies in environmental health. However, only few st...Cardiorespiratory diseases are a serious public health problem worldwide. Identification of spatial patterns in health events is an efficient tool to guide public policies in environmental health. However, only few studies have considered spatial pattern analysis which is considered the evaluation of spatial autocorrelation, degree of autocorrelation and dependence behavior in terms of distances. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose a set of procedures to evaluate the spatial patterns of cardiorespiratory diseases in the Federal District, Brazil. Specifically, our proposal will be based on four questions: a) is the spatial distribution of all patients clustered, random or dispersed? b) what is the degree of clustering for either high values or low values of patients? c) what is the spatial dependence behavior? d) considering the spatial variation, at what distance does the type of distribution (cluster, random or disperse) begin to change? We chose four methods to answer these questions Global Moran’s I (question “a”);Getis-Ord General G (question “b”);semivariogram analysis (question “c”);and multi-distance spatial cluster-K-function (question “d”). Our results suggest that there is a different behavior for people up to 5 years old (cluster, p < 0.01), especially in distances below 2.5 km. For people above 59 years old, cluster is significant just in short distances (<200 m). For other age groups, the spatial distribution is basically random. Our study showed that it was possible to capture evidences of health disparities in the Federal District.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the effects of “strength-velocity” training on the evolution of some cardiorespiratory parameters in postpubertal judoists of the Congolese national elite. Methods: The survey, exploratory, ex...Objective: To evaluate the effects of “strength-velocity” training on the evolution of some cardiorespiratory parameters in postpubertal judoists of the Congolese national elite. Methods: The survey, exploratory, experimental and longitudinal, was about 14 boys, belonging to seven categories of weight of the International Federation of Judo. These judoists, at the level belonged to stages 3, 4 and 5 of the classification to Tanner, of pubertal maturation. Their median age was 16 years (range: 15 - 17 years). All topics have been submitted to “strength-velocity” training, focused around exercises bound to the development of the power and automatisms, from plyometric and isometric training. Three assessments have been realized in the beginning, to mid-training (3 months) and at the end of the program (6 months). The measured values were cardiorespiratory parameters. Results: The heart rate to the doorstep was decreased significantly (p = 0.048), so VO<sub>2</sub> max (p = 0.046), FVC (p = 0.0244) and ratio VEMS/FVC (p = 0.046) as function of pubertal stage. In contrast, increase was not significant for VEMS (p = 0.205) and absolute VO<sub>2</sub> to doorstep (p = 0.097). No significant effect of pubertal state on respiratory frequency was found. On the other hand, strength-velocity training improved cardiorespiratory data. To the recovery of the “strength-velocity test”, the decrease of the VO<sub>2</sub> took place more quickly that the one of the VE, the VCO2 and the HR, variations linked to the category of topic weight. Conclusion: Among high level Congolese postpubertal judoists, the cardiorespiratory modifications induce faculty to the realization of a good performance and pursue objectives of health. However, it is necessary to be heedful as for situations to put in place in sittings at the time of such of “strength-velocity” training.展开更多
Background Cardiorespiratory fitness reduction is potentially related to function/structure,and activity of the stroke patients may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whole body vibration（WB...Background Cardiorespiratory fitness reduction is potentially related to function/structure,and activity of the stroke patients may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whole body vibration（WBV）training is an efficient alternative therapy for neurological conditions. However,no study has investigated the effects of WBV training on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with subacute stroke. This single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effects WBV training on cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in individuals with subacute stroke. Methods Thirty-three people with subacute stroke（66.56±5.25 years）were enrolled from 87 patients initially screened（25 patients were excluded by inclusion/exclusion criteria,13 patients for other reasons,16 patients declined participation）. Participants were randomly assigned to the low-intensity WBV group（LWBV）,high-intensity WBV group（HWBV）and a control group（No WBV）.All participants of low-and high-intensity WBV group were exercised on a vibration platform,and the control group performed the same exercise without WBV. Outcome measurements included oxygen uptake（VO2）rate and walking distance during the 6-Minute Walk Test（6 MWT）,and quality of life（Short-Form 12 Health Survey,SF-12）. The measurements were performed by a researcher at baseline and immediately after the 8-week WBV intervention period. Results Statistical analysis revealed a significant time effect for VO2 rate and walking distance achieved during 6 MWT,and the SF-12 physical composite score domain in all three groups after the 8-week treatment period（P<0.05）. However,the effects of time by group interactions were not significant for any of the VO2 and walking distance during 6 MWT,and quality of life（P>0.05）. Conclusions The addition of the 8-week WBV program to the leg exercise protocol is not more effective in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life than leg exercises alone in subacute stroke patients with mild to moderate motor impairments.[S Chin J Cardiol 2019;20（3）:131-140]展开更多
Objective: This study compares the cardiorespiratory fitness of stroke patients with that of healthy control subjects matched by age and gender. It was a descriptive, analytical and comparative case-control study that...Objective: This study compares the cardiorespiratory fitness of stroke patients with that of healthy control subjects matched by age and gender. It was a descriptive, analytical and comparative case-control study that aims to assess the aerobic capacity of stroke survivors in Cotonou. Methods: Data were collected during the Six-Minute Walk Test from 91 patients affected by stroke at least (03) three months ago and from 91 healthy subjects, who are at least 18 years old. Results: The average age was 53.16 ± 10.13 years with a sex ratio equal to 2.5. 45.05% of patients had ischemic strokes and 31.87% had strokes of unspecified origin. 59.34% of patients were right side affected, and almost all had a low level of physical activity. The average distance covered in relation to VO2 max was 276.39 ± 175.27 meters with an estimated VO2 max of 11.3 ± 4.03 ml/min/kg in patients and 464.14 ± 128.4 meters for an estimated VO2 max of 15.62 ± 8.72 ml/min/kg. These values were highly significantly influenced by age, post-stroke duration and level of exercise. Conclusion: The study revealed a low cardiorespiratory fitness in the study population, and suggests that post-stroke patients should be monitored by improving their aerobic endurance through an adapted physical activity program aimed at preventing recurrence.展开更多
Purpose A priori cardiovascular(CV)health status may impact reductions in risk factors and CV mortality and morbid-ity following exercise training,although this is not fully understood.Therefore,the purpose of the stu...Purpose A priori cardiovascular(CV)health status may impact reductions in risk factors and CV mortality and morbid-ity following exercise training,although this is not fully understood.Therefore,the purpose of the study was to examine if endothelial function(assessed via flow mediated dilation;FMD%),predicts the magnitude of change in CV risk factors or fitness following exercise training.Methods We pooled data from 338 individuals who underwent supervised exercise training(8-26 weeks).Using recent sex-and age-specific reference values for flow-mediated dilation(FMD%),we categorised participants as having preserved endothelial function(P-EF)(>50th percentile of reference value,56 females,67 males,46±17 years)or reduced endothelial function(R-EF)(<50th percentile of reference value,67 females,148 males,48±17 years).The effects of exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors(BMI,cholesterol,glucose and triglycerides),cardiorespiratory fitness(VO_(2peak))and vascular function(FMD%)were examined using a two-way mixed design general linear model.Results Exercise training significantly improved physical fitness(P<0.001),with no difference in the magnitude of improvement between P-EF and R-EF.Modest but significant reductions were present in BMI,blood pressure and total cholesterol(all P<0.005),with no difference between P-EF and R-EF groups in the magnitude of changes in these variables with training.Exercise training did not significantly alter glucose,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein(HDL)and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)(all P>0.05).Conclusion Individuals with reduced and preserved a priori endothelial function status can obtain benefits from exercise in terms of risk factor modification and fitness change.Therefore,exercise has the potential to be beneficial in all clinical groups.展开更多
Ozone is one of the major gaseous pollutants associated with short-term adverse cardiopulmonary effects,even at concentrations below the current indoor air quality limits.However,the underlying biological mechanisms o...Ozone is one of the major gaseous pollutants associated with short-term adverse cardiopulmonary effects,even at concentrations below the current indoor air quality limits.However,the underlying biological mechanisms of cardiorespiratory changes with exposure to ozone remain unclear.To further explore molecular linkages between indoor ozone exposure and relevant cardiorespiratory effects,a repeated-measure panel study including 46 schoolchildren was conducted and real-time exposure measurements including ozone were performed inside classrooms every weekday during the study period.Repeated health measurements and urine sample collection were conducted in each participant.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and meet-in-metabolite approach were used in metabolomics analysis.Methods including mixed-effect models were adopted to identify metabolites associated with ozone exposure or health indices.Nine metabolites were found to be associated with ozone after mixed-effect model analysis,which are mainly involved in amino acid and bile acid metabolism.Boys may have a greater decrease in bile acid and RNA related metabolites.Four of the nine ozone-related metabolites were also associated with cardiorespiratory function indices.Furthermore,26.67%of the positive association between ozone and heart rate was mediated by cholestane-3,7,12,25-tetrol-3-glucuronide.Exposure to ozone below the current indoor standards was associated with the deteriorated cardiovascular function by disturbing bile acid and endogenous nitric oxide-related oxidation and inflammation,and associated with the exacerbated airway inflammation by reducing GPx-related anti-oxidation.The results provide metabolic evidence of the cardiorespiratory effects of indoor ozone exposure.Indoor ozone pollution should be controlled further,and more attention should be paid to preventing its adverse health effects,especially in children.展开更多
Poor cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate vascular impairments at rest and following an acute bout of exercise in young healthy individuals.This study aimed to compare flow mediated dilation(FMD)and vascular augmenta...Poor cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate vascular impairments at rest and following an acute bout of exercise in young healthy individuals.This study aimed to compare flow mediated dilation(FMD)and vascular augmentation index(AIx75)between young adults with low,moderate,and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness before and after an acute bout of aerobic exercise.Forty-three participants(22 men;21 women)between 18 and 29 years of age completed the study.Participants were classified into low,moderate,and high health-related cardiorespiratory fitness groups according to age-and sex-based relative maximal oxygen consumption(V_O2 max)percentile rankings.FMD was performed using Doppler ultrasound and AIx75 was performed using pulse wave analysis at baseline and 60-min after a 30-min bout of treadmill running at 70%V_O2 max.A significant interaction(p=0.047;ηp 2=0.142)was observed,with the moderate fitness group exhibiting a higher FMD post-exercise compared with baseline([6.7%3.1%]vs.[8.5%2.8%],p=0.028;d=0.598).We found a significant main effect of group for AIx75(p=0.023;ηp 2=0.168),with the high fitness group exhibiting lower AIx75 compared to low fitness group([10%10%]vs.[2%10%],respectively,p=0.019;g=1.07).This was eliminated after covarying for body fat percentage(p=0.489).Our findings suggest that resting FMD and AIx75 responses are not significantly influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness,but FMD recovery responses to exercise may be enhanced in individuals with moderate cardiorespiratory fitness levels.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0140400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62405027, 62111530238, 62003046)+3 种基金Supporting project of major scientific research projects of Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai (ZHPT2023007)supported by the Tang Scholar of Beijing Normal Universityco-funded by the financial support of the European Union under the REFRESH-Research Excellence For REgion Sustainability and High-tech Industries project number CZ.10.03.01/00/22003/0000048 via the Operational Programme Just Transitionthe scope of the projects CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 (DOI 10.54499/UIDB/50011/2020), UIDP/50011/2020 (DOI 10.54499/UIDP/50011/2020) & LA/P/0006/2020 (DOI 10.54499/LA/P/0006/2020) financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC)
文摘Personalized health services are of paramount importance for the treatment and prevention of cardiorespiratory diseases,such as hypertension.The assessment of cardiorespiratory function and biometric identification(ID)is crucial for the effectiveness of such personalized health services.To effectively and accurately monitor pulse wave signals,thus achieving the assessment of cardiorespiratory function,a wearable photonic smart wristband based on an all-polymer sensing unit(All-PSU)is proposed.The smart wristband enables the assessment of cardiorespiratory function by continuously monitoring respiratory rate(RR),heart rate(HR),and blood pressure(BP).Furthermore,it can be utilized for biometric ID purposes.Through the analysis of pulse wave signals using power spectral density(PSD),accurate monitoring of RR and HR is achieved.Additionally,utilizing peak detection algorithms for feature extraction from pulse signals and subsequently employing a variety of machine learning methods,accurate BP monitoring and biometric ID have been realized.For biometric ID,the accuracy rate is 98.55%.Aiming to monitor RR,HR,BP,and ID,our solution demonstrates advantages in integration,functionality,and monitoring precision.These enhancements may contribute to the development of personalized health services aimed at the treatment and prevention of cardiorespiratory diseases.
基金supported by a grant from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie(Grant agreement No.101028929)supported by an Investigator Grant from the Medical Research Future Fund(MRF1193862)supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship.
文摘Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold standara")and estimated CRF is clinically relevant because estimated CRF is more feasible.Our objective was to meta-analyze cohort studies to compare the associations of objectively measured,exerciseestimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality in adults.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 9 databases(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Scopus,PsycINFO,Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,and the Cochrane Library)up to April 11,2024.We included full-text refereed cohort studies published in English that quantified the association(using risk estimates with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))of objectively measured,exercise-estimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.CRF was expressed as metabolic equivalents(METs)of task.Pooled relative risks(RR)for all-cause and CVD mortality per 1-MET(3.5 mL/kg/min)higher level of CRF were quantified using random-effects models.Results:Forty-two studies representing 35 cohorts and 3,813,484 observations(81%male)(362,771 all-cause and 56,471 CVD deaths)were included.The pooled RRs for all-cause and CVD mortality per higher MET were 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.88)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80-0.87),respectively.For both all-cause and CVD mortality,there were no statistically significant differences in RR per higher MET between objectively measured(RR range:0.86-0.90)and maximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.85-0.86),submaximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.91-0.94),and non-exercise-estimated CRF(RR range:0.81-0.85).Conclusion:Objectively measured and estimated CRF showed similar dose-response associations for all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.Estimated CRF could provide a practical and robust alternative to objectively measured CRF for assessing mortality risk across diverse populations.Our findings underscore the health-related benefits of higher CRF and advocate for its integration into clinical practice to enhance risk stratification.
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is increasing among adolescents,but paediatric risk predictors are relatively underdeveloped.This study aimed to establish the associations of visceral adiposity index(VAI)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)with fasting plasma glucose in 418 Nigerian adolescents aged 11 years to 19 years.Using a cross-sectional design,participants were stratified by VAI and CRF tertiles to examine variations in impaired fasting glucose(IFG)risk.The findings of this study revealed significant gender differences:In the case of boys,high VAI and low CRF is associated with IFG,while no association was present in girls.CRF,measured by the 20-meter shuttle run,was a stronger predictor of IFG than VAI,suggesting that physical fitness is a protective factor against glucose dysreg-ulation.These findings point to VAI and CRF as useful,non-invasive predictors of risk for T2DM in youth,supporting school-based fitness programs that promote CRF and attenuate visceral adiposity,particularly in males.Future work must validate these predictors across various ethnic populations and identify other risk factors that can augment plans for early interventions aimed at the prevention of adolescent T2DM.
基金Supported by the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project,No.2024ZD0523303the Funding for Pairing Support to Jiangsu High-Level Hospitals-Zhongda Hospital,No.ZDLYG19the Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province,No.BE2022828.
文摘BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease,which is related to impaired vascular function.However,its relationship with vascular function remains unknown in patients with type 2 diabetes.AIM To assess the relationship of CRF with vascular function in type 2 diabetes.METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes who were aged≥18 years and underwent an incremental and symptom-limited exercise test were included.Vascular function was assessed by the construction of the vascular health index(VHI),which is defined as a composite score of ankle-brachial index,transcutaneous oxygen pressure,pulse wave velocity,and carotid intima-media thickness.Impaired vascular function is defined as a VHI of<8 points.Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations.RESULTS We included 343 patients with type 2 diabetes.CRF was positively correlated with VHI(β=0.10,P=0.047),particularly with ankle-brachial index and pulse wave velocity.The odds ratio(OR)of impaired vascular function was 0.44[95%confidence interval(CI):0.20-0.96]for the highest vs the lowest CRF category.For each one metabolic equivalent increase in CRF,the OR of impaired vascular function was 0.73(95%CI:0.57-0.93).CONCLUSION Higher CRF was associated with better vascular function and lower odds of impaired vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
基金supported by the Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran
文摘Background:As the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment has improved,a growing number of long-term breast cancer survivors are seeking help for unique health problems.These patients may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to the side effects of treatment.The positive impact of most types of exercise has been repeatedly reported in people with cancer,but the most effective exercise approaches for maximum beneficial adaptations remain controversial.Thus,this study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIIT)and moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT) on inflammatory indices,adipokines,metabolic markers,body composition,cardiorespiratory fitness,and quality of life in breast cancer patients during adjuvant endocrine therapy.Methods:Thirty non-metastatic breast cancer patients during adjuvant endocrine therapy who had been treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were recruited from Iran and randomized to HIIT,MICT,or control groups for a supervised exercise intervention that took place 3 times a week for 12 weeks.The training intensity was determed based on the peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak),and the volume of training was matched in HIIT and MICT based on the VO2peak.Body composition,functional capacity,cardiorespiratory fitness,metabolic indices,sex hormones,adipokines,and inflammatory markers were assessed before and after the intervention.Results:The VO2peakincreased by 16.8% in the HIIT group in comparison to baseline values(mean difference=3.61 mL/kg/min).HIIT significantly improved the VO2peakcompared to control(mean difference=3.609 mL/kg/min) and MICT(mean differences=2.974 mL/kg/min)groups.Both HIIT(mean difference=9.172 mg/dL) and MICT(mean difference=7.879 mg/dL) interventions significantly increased highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to the control group.The analysis of covariance showed that physical well-being significantly improved in MICT compared to control group(mean difference=3.268).HIIT significantly improved the social well-being compared to the control group(mean difference=4.412).Emotional well-being subscale was significantly improved in both MICT(mean difference=4.248)and HIIT(mean difference=4.412) compared to the control group.Functional well-being scores significantly increased in HIIT group compared with control group(mean difference=3.35).Significant increase were also observed in total functional assessment of cancer therapy-General scores in both HIIT(mean difference=14.204) and MICT groups(mean difference=10.036) compared with control group.The serum level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 increased significantly(mean difference=0.09 pg/mL) in the HIIT group compared to the baseline.There were no significant differences between groups for body weight,body mass index,fasting blood glucose,insulin resistance,sex hormone binding globulin,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,adipokines,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-a,or interleukin-10.Conclusion:HIIT can be used as a safe,feasible,and time-efficient intervention to improve cardiovascular fitness in breast cancer patients.Both HIIT and MICT modalities enhance quality of life.Further large-scale studies will help determine whether these promising results translate into improved clinical and oncological outcomes.
文摘Fatigability describes the decline in force production（i.e., performance fatigability） and/or changes in sensations regulating performance（i.e., perceived fatigability） during whole-body activity and poses a major challenge to those living with spinal cord injuries（SCI）. After SCI, the inability to overcome disruptions to metabolic homeostasis due to cardiorespiratory limitations and physical deconditioning may contribute to increased fatigability severity. The increased susceptibility to fatigability may have implications for motor control strategies and motor learning. Locomotor training approaches designed to reduce fatigability and enhance aerobic capacity in combination with motor learning may be advantageous for promoting functional recovery after SCI. Future research is required to advance the understanding of the relationship between fatigability, cardiorespiratory function and motor performance following SCI.
基金funded by the Central Hessen Research Campus,Flexi Fund,Project No.20121_1_1.
文摘Background:Atherosclerosis forms the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular disease.Since pathological processes initially develop without clinically relevant symptoms,the identification of early markers in the subclinical stage plays an important role for initiating early interventions.There is evidence that regulatory T cells(Tregs)are involved in the development of atherosclerosis.Therefore,the present study aimed to identify and investigate associations with Tregs and their subsets in a cohort of healthy elderly individuals with and without subclinical atherosclerotic plaques(SAP).In addition,various lifestyle and risk factors,such as cardiorespiratory fitness,were investigated as associated signatures.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed in 79 participants(male:n=50;age=63.6±3.7 years;body mass index=24.9±3.1 kg/m2;mean±SD)who had no previous diagnosis of chronic disease and were not taking medication.Ultrasound of the carotids to identify SAP,cardiovascular function measurement for vascular assessment and a cardiorespiratory fitness test to determine peak oxygen uptake were performed.Additionally,tests were conducted to assess blood lipids and determine glucose levels.Immunophenotyping of Tregs and their subtypes(resting(rTregs)and effector/memory(mTregs))was performed by 8-chanel flow cytometry.Participants were categorized according to atherosclerotic plaque status.Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between parameters.Results:SAP was detected in a total of 29 participants.The participants with plaque were older(64.8±3.6 years vs.62.9±3.5 years)and had higher peripheral systolic blood pressure(133.8±14.7 mmHg vs.125.8±10.9 mmHg).The participants with SAP were characterized by a lower percentage of rTregs(28.8%±10.7%vs.34.6%±10.7%)and a higher percentage of mTregs(40.3%±14.7%vs.30.0%±11.9%).Multiple logistic regression identified age(odds ratio(OR)=1.20(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.011.42))and mTregs(OR=1.05(95%CI:1.021.10))as independent risk factors for SAP.Stepwise linear regression could reveal an association of peak oxygen uptake(β=0.441),low-density lipoprotein(LDL)(β=0.096),and SAP(β=6.733)with mTregs and LDL(β=0.104)with rTregs.Conclusion:While at an early stage of SAP,the total proportion of Tregs gives no indication of vascular changes,this is indicated by a shift in the Treg subgroups.Factors such as serum LDL or cardiopulmonary fitness may be associated with this shift and may also be additional diagnostic indicators.This could be used to initiate lifestyle-based preventive measures at an early stage,which may have a protective effect against disease progression.
基金Supported by The Research Grants from the Hualien-Armed Forces General Hospital,No.805-C105-10the Ministry of National Defense-Medical Affairs Bureau,No.MAB-106-124
文摘AIM To investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in a cohort of large voluntary arm forces in Taiwan. METHODS The cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed forces(CHIEF) is a retrospective cohort consisting of more than 4000 professional military members aged 18-50 years in Eastern Taiwan. All participants received history taking, physical examination, chest radiography, 12-lead electrocardiography, blood tests for cell counts and fasting glucose, lipid profiles, uric acid, renal function and liver function in the Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital during 2014. In addition, participants were required to undergo two indoor resistant exercise tests including 2-min push-up and 2-min sit-up, both scored by infrared sensing, and one outdoor endurance 3000-m none weight-bearing running test, the main indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in the Military Physical Training and Testing Center in Eastern Taiwan in 2014. RESULTS Hospitalization events for cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, severe infectious disease, acute psychiatric illness, diabetes, orthopedic surgery and mortality will be identified in the National Insurance Research Database for 10 years. CONCLUSION CHIEF will be among the largest Eastern Asian armed forces cohort, in which physical status was strictly evaluated to follow up the hospitalization events for severe illness.
文摘BACKGROUND An association between cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)and insulin resistance in obese adolescents,especially in those with various obesity categories,has not been systematically studied.There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of CRF on insulin resistance in severely obese adolescents,despite their continuous rise.AIM To investigate the association between CRF and insulin resistance in obese adolescents,with special emphasis on severely obese adolescents.METHODS We performed a prospective,cross-sectional study that included 200 pubertal adolescents,10 years to 18 years of age,who were referred to a tertiary care center due to obesity.According to body mass index(BMI),adolescents were classified as mildly obese(BMI 100% to 120% of the 95^(th)percentile for age and sex)or severely obese(BMI≥120% of the 95^(th)percentile for age and sex or≥35 kg/m^(2),whichever was lower).Participant body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis.A homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)was calculated.Maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2)max)was determined from submaximal treadmill exercise test.CRF was expressed as VO_(2)max scaled by total body weight(TBW)(mL/min/kg TBW)or by fat free mass(FFM)(mL/min/kg FFM),and then categorized as poor,intermediate,or good,according to VO_(2)max terciles.Data were analyzed by statistical software package SPSS(IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows,Version 24.0).P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS A weak negative correlation between CRF and HOMA-IR was found[Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient(rs)=-0.28,P<0.01 for CRF_(TBW);(r_(s))=-0.21,P<0.01 for CRF_(FFM)].One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)revealed a significant main effect of CRF on HOMA-IR[F(2200)=6.840,P=0.001 for CRF_(TBW);F_((2200))=3.883,P=0.022 for CRF_(FFM)].Subsequent analyses showed that obese adolescents with poor CRF had higher HOMA-IR than obese adolescents with good CRF(P=0.001 for CRF_(TBW);P=0.018 for CRF_(FFM)).Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction confirmed significant effect of interaction of CRF level and obesity category on HOMA-IR[F_((2200))=3.292,P=0.039 for CRF_(TBW)].Severely obese adolescents had higher HOMA-IR than those who were mildly obese,with either good or poor CRF.However,HOMA-IR did not differ between severely obese adolescents with good and mildly obese adolescents with poor CRF.CONCLUSION CRF is an important determinant of insulin resistance in obese adolescents,regardless of obesity category.Therefore,CRF assessment should be a part of diagnostic procedure,and its improvement should be a therapeutic goal.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia that may lead to endothelial dysfunction,reduced functional capacity and exercise intolerance.Regular aerobic exercise has been promoted as the most beneficial non-pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular diseases.High intensity interval training(HIIT)seems to be superior than moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)in cardiovascular diseases by improving brachial artery flow-mediated dilation(FMD)and cardiorespiratory fitness to a greater extent.However,the beneficial effects of HIIT in patients with T2DM still remain under investigation and number of studies is limited.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of high intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in patients with T2DM.METHODS We performed a search on PubMed,PEDro and CINAHL databases,selecting papers published between December 2012 and December 2022 and identified published randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in the English language that included community or outpatient exercise training programs in patients with T2DM.RCTs were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias via the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro).The primary outcome was peak VO_(2 ) and the secondary outcome was endothelial function assessed either by FMD or other indices of microcirculation.RESULTS Twelve studies were included in our systematic review.The 12 RCTs resulted in 661 participants in total.HIIT was performed in 310 patients(46.8%),MICT to 271 and the rest 80 belonged to the control group.Peak VO_(2 ) increased in 10 out of 12 studies after HIIT.Ten studies compared HIIT with other exercise regimens(MICT or strength endurance)and 4 of them demonstrated additional beneficial effects of HIIT over MICT or other exercise regimens.Moreover,4 studies explored the effects of HIIT on endothelial function and FMD in T2DM patients.In 2 of them,HIIT further improved endothelial function compared to MICT and/or the control group while in the rest 2 studies no differences between HIIT and MICT were observed.CONCLUSION Regular aerobic exercise training has beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in T2DM patients.HIIT may be superior by improving these parameters to a greater extent than MICT.
文摘Exercise therapy is essential for the management of type 2 diabetes(T2 D). However, patients with T2 D show lower physical activity and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness than healthy individuals. It would be ideal for clinicians to co-prescribe glucose-lowering agents that improve cardiorespiratory fitness or exercise capacity in conjunction with exercise therapy. Metformin does not improve cardiorespiratory fitness and may attenuate any beneficial effect of exercise in patients with T2 D. In contrast, thiazolidinediones appear to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with T2 D. Although evidence is limited, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitors may improve cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with heart failure, and the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor agonists on cardiorespiratory fitness is controversial. Recent clinical trials have shown that both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists exert a favorable effect on cardiovascular disease. It becomes more important to choose drugs that have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system beyond glucose-lowering effects. Further studies are warranted to determine an ideal glucose-lowering agent combined with exercise therapy for the treatment of T2 D.
基金This project was awarded a contribution from the Swiss Heart Foundation.
文摘Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with adult congenital heart disease(ACHD)benefit from exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation(CR)short-and long-term with regard to improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness.Methods:Cardiopulmonary exercise tests(CPET)completed by ACHD patients between January 2000 and October 2019 were analysed retrospectively.Linear mixed models were performed for peak oxygen consumption(VO_(2))with patients as random effect and age,sex,disease classification,preceding surgery(≤3 months)and preceding CR(≤4 weeks for short term and>4 weeks for long term)as fixed effects.Results:1056 CPETs of 311 ACHD patients with simple(7),moderate(188)or great(116)complexity heart defects were analysed.The 59 patients who completed a CR(median age 27 yrs,38%females)increased peak VO_(2)from before to after CR by a median of 2.7(IQR–0.6 to 5.5)ml/kg/min.However,in the multivariate mixed model,peak VO_(2)was non-significantly increased short-term after CR(β0.8,95%CI–0.7 to 2.4),not maintained long-term after CR(β0.0,95%CI–1.7 to 1.6)but significantly reduced after surgery(β–5.1,95%CI–7.1 to–3.1).The 20 CR patients after surgery increased their peak VO_(2)by 6.2(IQR 3.6–9.5)ml/kg/min,while the 39 CR patients without preceding surgery increased it by 0.9(IQR–1.5 to 3.1)ml/kg/min.Conclusions:The increase in peak VO_(2)with CR was mainly due to recovery from surgical intervention.The small independent benefit from CR was not maintained long-term,highlighting the potential to improve current CR concepts in ACHD populations.
文摘Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness involves both cardiovascular and respiratory capacities. However, existing methods have been criticised for reflecting cardiovascular fitness, but not pulmonary fitness. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between these two testing parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based physical fitness assessment was conducted in 23 schools. The body height and weight, lung capacity, and step test results of students aged 10-18 were recorded. Criterion-referenced standards from the China Sports Bureau were adopted, as they include separate measurements for cardiovascular and pulmonary fitness. Results: The Pearson coefficients of lung capacity and the step test index from 13,028 schoolchildren ranged from 0.007 to 0.086 and from 0.026 to 0.105 for boys and girls, respectively, showing that poor correlations exist between the two parameters. Cluster analysis resulted in three clusters of children with similar characteristics. A good degree of similarity was found between the two parameters in children obtaining an “excellent” grade, but only a moderate degree of similarity between the two parameters in those obtaining a “good”, “pass” or “fail” grade. Conclusion: When cardiovascular fitness and pulmonary fitness are considered separately, there is a poor correlation between them, thus indicating further studies of cardiopulmonary fitness measurements is necessary.
文摘Cardiorespiratory diseases are a serious public health problem worldwide. Identification of spatial patterns in health events is an efficient tool to guide public policies in environmental health. However, only few studies have considered spatial pattern analysis which is considered the evaluation of spatial autocorrelation, degree of autocorrelation and dependence behavior in terms of distances. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose a set of procedures to evaluate the spatial patterns of cardiorespiratory diseases in the Federal District, Brazil. Specifically, our proposal will be based on four questions: a) is the spatial distribution of all patients clustered, random or dispersed? b) what is the degree of clustering for either high values or low values of patients? c) what is the spatial dependence behavior? d) considering the spatial variation, at what distance does the type of distribution (cluster, random or disperse) begin to change? We chose four methods to answer these questions Global Moran’s I (question “a”);Getis-Ord General G (question “b”);semivariogram analysis (question “c”);and multi-distance spatial cluster-K-function (question “d”). Our results suggest that there is a different behavior for people up to 5 years old (cluster, p < 0.01), especially in distances below 2.5 km. For people above 59 years old, cluster is significant just in short distances (<200 m). For other age groups, the spatial distribution is basically random. Our study showed that it was possible to capture evidences of health disparities in the Federal District.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the effects of “strength-velocity” training on the evolution of some cardiorespiratory parameters in postpubertal judoists of the Congolese national elite. Methods: The survey, exploratory, experimental and longitudinal, was about 14 boys, belonging to seven categories of weight of the International Federation of Judo. These judoists, at the level belonged to stages 3, 4 and 5 of the classification to Tanner, of pubertal maturation. Their median age was 16 years (range: 15 - 17 years). All topics have been submitted to “strength-velocity” training, focused around exercises bound to the development of the power and automatisms, from plyometric and isometric training. Three assessments have been realized in the beginning, to mid-training (3 months) and at the end of the program (6 months). The measured values were cardiorespiratory parameters. Results: The heart rate to the doorstep was decreased significantly (p = 0.048), so VO<sub>2</sub> max (p = 0.046), FVC (p = 0.0244) and ratio VEMS/FVC (p = 0.046) as function of pubertal stage. In contrast, increase was not significant for VEMS (p = 0.205) and absolute VO<sub>2</sub> to doorstep (p = 0.097). No significant effect of pubertal state on respiratory frequency was found. On the other hand, strength-velocity training improved cardiorespiratory data. To the recovery of the “strength-velocity test”, the decrease of the VO<sub>2</sub> took place more quickly that the one of the VE, the VCO2 and the HR, variations linked to the category of topic weight. Conclusion: Among high level Congolese postpubertal judoists, the cardiorespiratory modifications induce faculty to the realization of a good performance and pursue objectives of health. However, it is necessary to be heedful as for situations to put in place in sittings at the time of such of “strength-velocity” training.
文摘Background Cardiorespiratory fitness reduction is potentially related to function/structure,and activity of the stroke patients may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whole body vibration（WBV）training is an efficient alternative therapy for neurological conditions. However,no study has investigated the effects of WBV training on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with subacute stroke. This single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effects WBV training on cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in individuals with subacute stroke. Methods Thirty-three people with subacute stroke（66.56±5.25 years）were enrolled from 87 patients initially screened（25 patients were excluded by inclusion/exclusion criteria,13 patients for other reasons,16 patients declined participation）. Participants were randomly assigned to the low-intensity WBV group（LWBV）,high-intensity WBV group（HWBV）and a control group（No WBV）.All participants of low-and high-intensity WBV group were exercised on a vibration platform,and the control group performed the same exercise without WBV. Outcome measurements included oxygen uptake（VO2）rate and walking distance during the 6-Minute Walk Test（6 MWT）,and quality of life（Short-Form 12 Health Survey,SF-12）. The measurements were performed by a researcher at baseline and immediately after the 8-week WBV intervention period. Results Statistical analysis revealed a significant time effect for VO2 rate and walking distance achieved during 6 MWT,and the SF-12 physical composite score domain in all three groups after the 8-week treatment period（P<0.05）. However,the effects of time by group interactions were not significant for any of the VO2 and walking distance during 6 MWT,and quality of life（P>0.05）. Conclusions The addition of the 8-week WBV program to the leg exercise protocol is not more effective in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life than leg exercises alone in subacute stroke patients with mild to moderate motor impairments.[S Chin J Cardiol 2019;20（3）:131-140]
文摘Objective: This study compares the cardiorespiratory fitness of stroke patients with that of healthy control subjects matched by age and gender. It was a descriptive, analytical and comparative case-control study that aims to assess the aerobic capacity of stroke survivors in Cotonou. Methods: Data were collected during the Six-Minute Walk Test from 91 patients affected by stroke at least (03) three months ago and from 91 healthy subjects, who are at least 18 years old. Results: The average age was 53.16 ± 10.13 years with a sex ratio equal to 2.5. 45.05% of patients had ischemic strokes and 31.87% had strokes of unspecified origin. 59.34% of patients were right side affected, and almost all had a low level of physical activity. The average distance covered in relation to VO2 max was 276.39 ± 175.27 meters with an estimated VO2 max of 11.3 ± 4.03 ml/min/kg in patients and 464.14 ± 128.4 meters for an estimated VO2 max of 15.62 ± 8.72 ml/min/kg. These values were highly significantly influenced by age, post-stroke duration and level of exercise. Conclusion: The study revealed a low cardiorespiratory fitness in the study population, and suggests that post-stroke patients should be monitored by improving their aerobic endurance through an adapted physical activity program aimed at preventing recurrence.
文摘Purpose A priori cardiovascular(CV)health status may impact reductions in risk factors and CV mortality and morbid-ity following exercise training,although this is not fully understood.Therefore,the purpose of the study was to examine if endothelial function(assessed via flow mediated dilation;FMD%),predicts the magnitude of change in CV risk factors or fitness following exercise training.Methods We pooled data from 338 individuals who underwent supervised exercise training(8-26 weeks).Using recent sex-and age-specific reference values for flow-mediated dilation(FMD%),we categorised participants as having preserved endothelial function(P-EF)(>50th percentile of reference value,56 females,67 males,46±17 years)or reduced endothelial function(R-EF)(<50th percentile of reference value,67 females,148 males,48±17 years).The effects of exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors(BMI,cholesterol,glucose and triglycerides),cardiorespiratory fitness(VO_(2peak))and vascular function(FMD%)were examined using a two-way mixed design general linear model.Results Exercise training significantly improved physical fitness(P<0.001),with no difference in the magnitude of improvement between P-EF and R-EF.Modest but significant reductions were present in BMI,blood pressure and total cholesterol(all P<0.005),with no difference between P-EF and R-EF groups in the magnitude of changes in these variables with training.Exercise training did not significantly alter glucose,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein(HDL)and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)(all P>0.05).Conclusion Individuals with reduced and preserved a priori endothelial function status can obtain benefits from exercise in terms of risk factor modification and fitness change.Therefore,exercise has the potential to be beneficial in all clinical groups.
基金The authors appreciate the support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22076006,82073506,91543113)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1004302)the China Medical Board(No.CMB 15-228).The authors express special thanks to the contributions of all volunteers in this study.
文摘Ozone is one of the major gaseous pollutants associated with short-term adverse cardiopulmonary effects,even at concentrations below the current indoor air quality limits.However,the underlying biological mechanisms of cardiorespiratory changes with exposure to ozone remain unclear.To further explore molecular linkages between indoor ozone exposure and relevant cardiorespiratory effects,a repeated-measure panel study including 46 schoolchildren was conducted and real-time exposure measurements including ozone were performed inside classrooms every weekday during the study period.Repeated health measurements and urine sample collection were conducted in each participant.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and meet-in-metabolite approach were used in metabolomics analysis.Methods including mixed-effect models were adopted to identify metabolites associated with ozone exposure or health indices.Nine metabolites were found to be associated with ozone after mixed-effect model analysis,which are mainly involved in amino acid and bile acid metabolism.Boys may have a greater decrease in bile acid and RNA related metabolites.Four of the nine ozone-related metabolites were also associated with cardiorespiratory function indices.Furthermore,26.67%of the positive association between ozone and heart rate was mediated by cholestane-3,7,12,25-tetrol-3-glucuronide.Exposure to ozone below the current indoor standards was associated with the deteriorated cardiovascular function by disturbing bile acid and endogenous nitric oxide-related oxidation and inflammation,and associated with the exacerbated airway inflammation by reducing GPx-related anti-oxidation.The results provide metabolic evidence of the cardiorespiratory effects of indoor ozone exposure.Indoor ozone pollution should be controlled further,and more attention should be paid to preventing its adverse health effects,especially in children.
基金approved by the Towson University Institutional Review Board(IRB#1810041426)study was registed on Clinical Trials.gov public website(NCT06163456).
文摘Poor cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate vascular impairments at rest and following an acute bout of exercise in young healthy individuals.This study aimed to compare flow mediated dilation(FMD)and vascular augmentation index(AIx75)between young adults with low,moderate,and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness before and after an acute bout of aerobic exercise.Forty-three participants(22 men;21 women)between 18 and 29 years of age completed the study.Participants were classified into low,moderate,and high health-related cardiorespiratory fitness groups according to age-and sex-based relative maximal oxygen consumption(V_O2 max)percentile rankings.FMD was performed using Doppler ultrasound and AIx75 was performed using pulse wave analysis at baseline and 60-min after a 30-min bout of treadmill running at 70%V_O2 max.A significant interaction(p=0.047;ηp 2=0.142)was observed,with the moderate fitness group exhibiting a higher FMD post-exercise compared with baseline([6.7%3.1%]vs.[8.5%2.8%],p=0.028;d=0.598).We found a significant main effect of group for AIx75(p=0.023;ηp 2=0.168),with the high fitness group exhibiting lower AIx75 compared to low fitness group([10%10%]vs.[2%10%],respectively,p=0.019;g=1.07).This was eliminated after covarying for body fat percentage(p=0.489).Our findings suggest that resting FMD and AIx75 responses are not significantly influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness,but FMD recovery responses to exercise may be enhanced in individuals with moderate cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
