OBJECTIVE: To culturally translate the cardiff acne disability index(CADI) into Korean, and to examine its relationship with clinical acne severity,pathological patterns, and general quality of life(Qo L).METHODS: The...OBJECTIVE: To culturally translate the cardiff acne disability index(CADI) into Korean, and to examine its relationship with clinical acne severity,pathological patterns, and general quality of life(Qo L).METHODS: The CADI was culturally and lin-guistically translated into Korean via translation,back-translation, and face validity test process. Two hundred and fifty-four Korean adolescents were asked to complete the Korean version of the CADI(K-CADI), the Phlegm Pattern, the Cold-Heat Pattern, and the Korean version of the General Health Questionnaires. A clinician estimated acne severity for the adolescents, using the Korean Acne Grading System. Finally, reliability and validity of the K-CADI was examined, and the relationships between acne severity, Phlegm, Cold, and Heat patterns, and Qo L level were examined via pathway analysis.RESULTS: The K-CADI had satisfactory internal consistency(α = 0.827). The examination of construct validity indicated that the K-CADI had one factor(explaining 59.6% of the total variance). Pathway analysis showed satisfactory model fit(normal fit index = 0.960 and comparative fit index = 0.983),and acne-related Qo L was determinant to Phlegm,Heat, and Cold patterns(0.13-0.27 of β), and Phlegm and Heat patterns lowered one's Qo L level(0.17-0.34 of β).CONCLUSION: The K-CADI is a valid and reliable instrument. Phlegm and Heat patterns should be managed when treating acne since they have a moderating effect on general Qo L aggravation.展开更多
Today,I came to London with my teachers and friends,even though I wasn’t very good on the plane.Our first target is Cardiff castle,a castle of rich culture and history.The castle is now the only government-owned cast...Today,I came to London with my teachers and friends,even though I wasn’t very good on the plane.Our first target is Cardiff castle,a castle of rich culture and history.The castle is now the only government-owned castle in Britain.From the appearance of the whole castle,Gothic,Arabic,ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles seem to be in it.When I walked in all the rooms in the castle,I was really shocked by the decorations there.The gorgeous,colorful.展开更多
This paper investigates the relationship between intra-regional accessibility and economic development within the Cardiff City Region. Embracing the Capital City of Cardiff and its hinterland, this region is regarded ...This paper investigates the relationship between intra-regional accessibility and economic development within the Cardiff City Region. Embracing the Capital City of Cardiff and its hinterland, this region is regarded as the economically most important one in Wales, and the key driver of Wale's current and future economic prosperity. Therefore, it is a significant problem how to fully realize its economic potential and its national role, and it is also controversial whether poor intra-regional accessibility is the biggest barrier to its further growth. This has been debated for years and provoked great research interest. By using a qualitative methodology, the paper identifi es that intra-regional accessibility is necessary, though not suff icient, for economic growth. It is necessary since it can increase the productivity of economic activities and infl uence the fi rms' location behavior, based on which this paper proposes some recommendations for economic development.展开更多
利用Cardiff语法观点,言说过程可以统一理解为SPC结构,其中S表示Subject,P表示Predicator,C表示Complement;在SPC结构中,补语C可以由言说要旨(Content said)或言说名称(Name of saying)来体现,C体现言说要旨时,它可以由一名词短语来填充...利用Cardiff语法观点,言说过程可以统一理解为SPC结构,其中S表示Subject,P表示Predicator,C表示Complement;在SPC结构中,补语C可以由言说要旨(Content said)或言说名称(Name of saying)来体现,C体现言说要旨时,它可以由一名词短语来填充,也可以由一传统语法上的名词性从句来填充;在言说过程的结构中,修饰语(Adjunct)的位置会影响所表述的信息内容。用Cardiff语法学派的观点能简述言说过程语句的生成过程。展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE: To culturally translate the cardiff acne disability index(CADI) into Korean, and to examine its relationship with clinical acne severity,pathological patterns, and general quality of life(Qo L).METHODS: The CADI was culturally and lin-guistically translated into Korean via translation,back-translation, and face validity test process. Two hundred and fifty-four Korean adolescents were asked to complete the Korean version of the CADI(K-CADI), the Phlegm Pattern, the Cold-Heat Pattern, and the Korean version of the General Health Questionnaires. A clinician estimated acne severity for the adolescents, using the Korean Acne Grading System. Finally, reliability and validity of the K-CADI was examined, and the relationships between acne severity, Phlegm, Cold, and Heat patterns, and Qo L level were examined via pathway analysis.RESULTS: The K-CADI had satisfactory internal consistency(α = 0.827). The examination of construct validity indicated that the K-CADI had one factor(explaining 59.6% of the total variance). Pathway analysis showed satisfactory model fit(normal fit index = 0.960 and comparative fit index = 0.983),and acne-related Qo L was determinant to Phlegm,Heat, and Cold patterns(0.13-0.27 of β), and Phlegm and Heat patterns lowered one's Qo L level(0.17-0.34 of β).CONCLUSION: The K-CADI is a valid and reliable instrument. Phlegm and Heat patterns should be managed when treating acne since they have a moderating effect on general Qo L aggravation.
文摘Today,I came to London with my teachers and friends,even though I wasn’t very good on the plane.Our first target is Cardiff castle,a castle of rich culture and history.The castle is now the only government-owned castle in Britain.From the appearance of the whole castle,Gothic,Arabic,ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles seem to be in it.When I walked in all the rooms in the castle,I was really shocked by the decorations there.The gorgeous,colorful.
文摘This paper investigates the relationship between intra-regional accessibility and economic development within the Cardiff City Region. Embracing the Capital City of Cardiff and its hinterland, this region is regarded as the economically most important one in Wales, and the key driver of Wale's current and future economic prosperity. Therefore, it is a significant problem how to fully realize its economic potential and its national role, and it is also controversial whether poor intra-regional accessibility is the biggest barrier to its further growth. This has been debated for years and provoked great research interest. By using a qualitative methodology, the paper identifi es that intra-regional accessibility is necessary, though not suff icient, for economic growth. It is necessary since it can increase the productivity of economic activities and infl uence the fi rms' location behavior, based on which this paper proposes some recommendations for economic development.
文摘利用Cardiff语法观点,言说过程可以统一理解为SPC结构,其中S表示Subject,P表示Predicator,C表示Complement;在SPC结构中,补语C可以由言说要旨(Content said)或言说名称(Name of saying)来体现,C体现言说要旨时,它可以由一名词短语来填充,也可以由一传统语法上的名词性从句来填充;在言说过程的结构中,修饰语(Adjunct)的位置会影响所表述的信息内容。用Cardiff语法学派的观点能简述言说过程语句的生成过程。
