Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here ...Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here instead,an effective process without active CO_(2)concentration is demonstrated in a new process-termed IC2CNT(Insulationdiffusion facilitated CO_(2) to Carbon Nanomaterial Technology)decarbonization process.Molten carbonates such as Li_(2)CO_(3)(mp 723℃)are highly insoluble to industrial feed gas principal components(N2,O_(2),and H2O).However,CO_(2) can readily dissolve and react in molten carbonates.We have recently characterized high CO_(2) diffusion rates through porous aluminosilicate and calcium-magnesium silicate thermal insulations.Here,the CO_(2) in ambient feed gas passes through these membranes into molten Li_(2)CO_(3).The membrane also concurrently insulates the feed gas from the hot molten carbonate chamber,obviating the need to heat the(non-CO_(2))majority of the feed gas to high temperature.In this insulation facilitated decarbonization process CO_(2)is split by electrolysis in the molten carbonate producing sequestered,high-purity carbon nanomaterials(such as CNTs)and O_(2).展开更多
Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in mariti...Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in maritime shipping using the levelized cost of energy methodology.It includes a detailed comparative analysis based on essential criteria and sensitivity assessments to highlight the economic impacts of technological advancements.Key factors influencing total costs include fuel costs,carbon pricing,and energy demands for carbon capture.The findings reveal that methanol is more cost-effective than heavy fuel oil(HFO)when priced below 3000 CNY/t,assuming HFO costs 4400 CNY/t.Additionally,methanol with post-combustion carbon capture is less expensive than pre-combustion carbon capture.When carbon prices rise above 480 CNY/t,carbon capture technologies prove more economical than purchasing carbon emission allowances for HFO and liquefied natural gas.Enhanc-ing the use of exhaust gas waste heat is recommended for cost savings.Post-combustion carbon capture also shows greater efficiency,requiring about 1.1 GJ/t less energy than pre-combustion methods,leading to lower overall costs.Future research should focus on market mechanisms to stabilize fuel prices and develop less energy-intensive carbon capture technologies.This study offers critical insights into effective decarbonization strategies for advancing global maritime trade in the present and future.展开更多
The integration of carbon dots(CDs)with graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has emerged as a promising approach to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))evolution.Despite significant progress,critical challenges rem...The integration of carbon dots(CDs)with graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has emerged as a promising approach to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))evolution.Despite significant progress,critical challenges remain in achieving broad visiblelight absorption and suppressing charge recombination.In this work,we developed a series of photocatalysts through in situ embedding of red-emissive CDs(R-CDs)into g-C_(3)N_(4)(RCN)with precisely controlled loading amounts.Systematic characterization revealed that the R-CDs incorporation simultaneously addresses two fundamental limitations:(1)extending the light absorption edge to 800 nm,and(2)acting as an electron acceptor,facilitating charge separation.The optimized RCN composite demonstrates exceptional H_(2)evolution activity(1.87 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1),wavelength(λ)≥420 nm),representing a 3.3-fold enhancement over pristine g-C_(3)N_(4).Remarkably,the apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)reaches 9.1% at 420 nm,while maintaining measurable activity beyond 475 nm,where unmodified g-C_(3)N_(4)shows negligible response.This study provides fundamental insights into band structure engineering and charge carrier management through rational design of CDs-modified semiconductor heterostructures.展开更多
Porous carbon microspheres are widely regarded as a superior CO_(2) adsorbent due to their exceptional efficiency and affordability.However,better adsorption performance is very attractive for porous carbon microspher...Porous carbon microspheres are widely regarded as a superior CO_(2) adsorbent due to their exceptional efficiency and affordability.However,better adsorption performance is very attractive for porous carbon microspheres.And modification of the pore structure is one of the effective strategies.In this study,multi-cavity mesoporous carbon microspheres were successfully synthesized by the synergistic method of soft and hard templates,during which a phenolic resin with superior thermal stability was employed as the carbon precursor and a mixture of silica sol and F108 as the mesoporous template.Carbon microspheres with multi-cavity mesoporous structures were prepared,and all the samples showed highly even mesopores,with diameters around 12 nm.The diameter of these microspheres decreased from 396.8 nm to about 182.5 nm with the increase of silica sol.After CO_(2) activation,these novel carbon microspheres(APCF0.5-S1.75)demonstrated high specific surface area(983.3 m^(2)/g)and remarkable CO_(2) uptake of 4.93 mmol/g at 0℃ and1 bar.This could be attributed to the unique multi-cavity structure,which offers uniform mesoporous pore channels,minimal CO_(2) transport of and a greater number of active sites for CO_(2) adsorption.展开更多
Photosynthesis is a promising method for H_(2)O_(2)production,but its application in pure water is limited by slow oxidation kinetics and rapid photocarrier recombination of photocatalysts.Herein,a novel defective car...Photosynthesis is a promising method for H_(2)O_(2)production,but its application in pure water is limited by slow oxidation kinetics and rapid photocarrier recombination of photocatalysts.Herein,a novel defective carbon nitride photocatalyst(D-C3-xN4)containing the C vacancies and the frustrated Lewis pairs(B and N of cyano group)is designed for H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis,and the role of C vacancies on the electron transfer mechanism during photocatalysis is systematically investigated.The D-C_(3-x)N_(4) exhibits a H_(2)O_(2)production rate of 140.1μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) in pure water,which is 87.6 times that of C_(3)N_(4).Such superior performance for H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis is found to arise from the C vacancies and frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs).The C vacancies have strong electron-trapping ability,which greatly enhances the separation of photocarriers.The C vacancies can also effectively reduce O_(2)to*OOH via a proton-coupled process,which significantly accelerates the O_(2)reduction kinetics.Meanwhile,the FLPs show an outstanding catalytic activity for H_(2)O oxidation.This study not only provides a new structure for highly active photocatalysts,but also deepens the understanding of the electron transfer mechanism of photocatalysts with trapped sites.展开更多
On December 26,2025 China announced plans to begin the zero-carbon transformation of 52 industrial parks across the country.This first batch of parks span sectors such as new energy,advanced manufactur-ing and computi...On December 26,2025 China announced plans to begin the zero-carbon transformation of 52 industrial parks across the country.This first batch of parks span sectors such as new energy,advanced manufactur-ing and computing.The list ensures every province,autonomous region,and municipality has at least one designated park,with transforma-tion set for completion by 2030.展开更多
Addressing global warming,a common change today,requires achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality(also referred to as the dual carbon goals).Enhancing research on the carbon cycle is urgently need...Addressing global warming,a common change today,requires achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality(also referred to as the dual carbon goals).Enhancing research on the carbon cycle is urgently needed as the foundation.Water,a key carrier in the carbon cycle,necessitates investigation into groundwater carbon pools’contribution to atmospheric carbon sinks.This study assessed carbon stocks in the Yinchuan Basin’s soil and groundwater carbon pools.Findings indicate the basin’s surface soils contain approximately 24.16 Tg of organic carbon and a total of 60.01 Tg of carbon.In contrast,the basin’s groundwater holds around 4.90 Tg of carbon,roughly one-fifth of the organic carbon in surface soils.Thus,groundwater and soil carbon pools possess comparable carbon stocks,underscoring the importance of the groundwater carbon pool.Studies on terrestrial carbon balance should incorporate groundwater carbon pools,which deserve increased focus.Evaluating groundwater carbon pools’contributions is vital for achieving the dual carbon goals.展开更多
The discovery,advances,and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry,which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change,are presented.C2CNT■...The discovery,advances,and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry,which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change,are presented.C2CNT■(CO_(2) to Carbon NanoTechnology)is the transition metal nucleated electrolytic splitting of CO_(2) by its trans-formation into a wide range of Graphene NanoCarbon allotropes,C_(GNC),CO_(2)→C_(GNC)+O_(2),such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-onions.The original 2015 C2CNT 0.0005 m2 electrode process has been scaled to larger than meter-square area electrodes and used in a series of 100 tonne annual CO_(2) removal industrial Genesis Device modules.The pathway to a further scale-up to a series of 1000 tonne decarbonization placed in series and forming a megaton annual C2CNT decarbonization plant is illustrated.展开更多
With global carbon emissions continuing to rise,carbon dioxide(CO_(2))capture and resource utilization have become central challenges in achieving the“dual carbon”goals(carbon peak and carbon neutrality).Traditional...With global carbon emissions continuing to rise,carbon dioxide(CO_(2))capture and resource utilization have become central challenges in achieving the“dual carbon”goals(carbon peak and carbon neutrality).Traditional carbon capture and storage(CCS)technology can only temporarily sequester CO_(2),whereas emerging green catalytic technologies(photo/electro/thermal catalysis)enable the conversion of CO_(2) into high-value chemicals(e.g.,fuels,pharmaceutical intermediates),advancing the closure of the artificial carbon cycle[1,2].展开更多
This study explores the mechanisms by which China’s pilot carbon emissions trading schemes(ETS)facilitate industrial low-carbon transitions.We construct a theoretical model and conduct an empirical analysis using pro...This study explores the mechanisms by which China’s pilot carbon emissions trading schemes(ETS)facilitate industrial low-carbon transitions.We construct a theoretical model and conduct an empirical analysis using provincial panel data from seven pilot provinces spanning 2006-2021.Applying a multi-period difference-in-differences(DID)approach,we evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of the pilot ETS policies.The findings yield three key insights:(1)The pilot ETS significantly reduces carbon emission intensity and improves low-carbon total factor productivity(TFP),thereby promoting China’s industrial low-carbon transition.(2)Mechanism analysis indicates that the ETS primarily operates through cost constraints and industrial structural upgrading,while the effect of technological progress has yet to fully materialize.(3)Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the policy’s effects are more significant in regions with higher levels of economic development and R&D investment,leading to greater carbon intensity reductions and productivity gains.In addition,regions with higher foreign direct investment(FDI)experience more substantial improvements in low-carbon TFP,possibly reflecting technology spillover effects.展开更多
Carbon dioxide is an important medium of the global carbon cycle,and has the dual properties of realizing the conversion of organic matter in the ecosystem and causing the greenhouse effect.The fixed or available carb...Carbon dioxide is an important medium of the global carbon cycle,and has the dual properties of realizing the conversion of organic matter in the ecosystem and causing the greenhouse effect.The fixed or available carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is defined as"gray carbon",while the carbon dioxide that cannot be fixed or used and remains in the atmosphere is called"black carbon".Carbon neutral is the consensus of human development,but its implementation still faces many challenges in politics,resources,technology,market,and energy structure,etc.It is proposed that carbon replacement,carbon emission reduction,carbon sequestration,and carbon cycle are the four main approaches to achieve carbon neutral,among which carbon replacement is the backbone.New energy has become the leading role of the third energy conversion and will dominate carbon neutral in the future.Nowadays,solar energy,wind energy,hydropower,nuclear energy and hydrogen energy are the main forces of new energy,helping the power sector to achieve low carbon emissions."Green hydrogen"is the reserve force of new energy,helping further reduce carbon emissions in industrial and transportation fields.Artificial carbon conversion technology is a bridge connecting new energy and fossil energy,effectively reducing the carbon emissions of fossil energy.It is predicted that the peak value of China’s carbon dioxide emissions will reach 110×10^(8) t in 2030.The study predicts that China’s carbon emissions will drop to 22×10^(8) t,33×10^(8) t and 44×10^(8) t,respectively,in 2060 according to three scenarios of high,medium,and low levels.To realize carbon neutral in China,seven implementation suggestions have been put forward to build a new"three small and one large"energy structure in China and promote the realization of China’s energy independence strategy.展开更多
In order to deal with the global change and to reduce emission of greenhouse gas, a number of countries have strengthened studies on carbon sequestration in cropland. Carbon sequestration in cropland is not only an im...In order to deal with the global change and to reduce emission of greenhouse gas, a number of countries have strengthened studies on carbon sequestration in cropland. Carbon sequestration in cropland is not only an important component for the global carbon stock, but also is the most active part to sequestrate the carbon in soil from atmosphere. In this sense, it is of necessity and significance to strengthen the study on management of carbon sequestration in cropland. Based on the main factors affecting carbon cycle in agro-ecosystems, this paper summarizes the relevant management measures to strengthen the capacity of reducing emission of carbon and increasing the carbon sequestration in cropland, and evaluates the effects of these measures after being implemented at a regional extent.展开更多
The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D i...The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D interconnected pore structure was prepared through the high pressure pyrolysis of mesophase coal tar pitch.It is found that the 3D interconnected cellular pores of MPCF facilitate multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves,which results in the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of MPCF reaches-37.84 dB with the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.44 GHz at a thickness of 2.70 mm,and the total average electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(SE_(T))under 3.00 mm thickness achieves 26.52 dB in X-band.Subsequently,MPCF is activated by KOH to obtain activated carbon foam(A-MPCF).The average SE_(T)of A-MPCF achieves 103.00 dB for abundant nanopores on the pore cell walls,which leads to a transition from the multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves on the walls to diffuse reflection.Unfortunately,the reflection coefficient(R)of A-MPCF increases from 0.78 to 0.90.To reduce the R value,Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was fabricated via the in situ growth of nano Fe_(3)O_(4)on A-MPCF.Consequently,the R value of Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was reduced from 0.90 to 0.74,whereas the MWA performance was only slightly decreased.This work proposes a simple strategy for simultaneously adjusting MWA and EMI shielding performances of materials.展开更多
To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content ...To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.展开更多
The carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is a promising strategy for converting CO_(2)into high-value chemicals.However,the rational design of efficient catalysts for steering product selectivity toward specific...The carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is a promising strategy for converting CO_(2)into high-value chemicals.However,the rational design of efficient catalysts for steering product selectivity toward specific high-value chemicals continues to be a central goal in electrocatalysis research.Recently,nanoporous confined electrocatalysts have garnered attention due to their unique pore structures,which not only increase the accessibility and utilization of active sites but also promote the enrichment and stabilization of key reaction intermediates and modulate the local reaction microenvironment.These combined effects contribute to improved reaction kinetics and enhanced product selectivity.This review systematically summarizes the mechanistic foundations of nanoporous confinement in CO_(2)RR,emphasizing its role in governing reaction pathways and selectivity.We introduce the fundamental design principles of nanoporous confined electrocatalysts,detailing how their pore size,tortuosity,and connectivity influence CO_(2)diffusion,local concentration gradients,and electrolyte accessibility.Then highlight how confinement-induced spatial regulation facilitates intermediate accumulation,directional proton transfer,and local pH modulation,collectively steering product selectivity toward desired C_(1) and multi-carbon(C_(2+))products.Representative material systems and structure-performance relationships are discussed to illustrate these effects.Finally,we summarize the current challenges in mechanistic understanding and practical implementation,and propose future directions for developing nanoporous systems that integrate controlled transport,catalytic reactivity,and system-level scalability.展开更多
Extremely fast-charging and longlife span are critical yet challenging for the development of cost-effective and sustainable potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to the sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity decay of graphi...Extremely fast-charging and longlife span are critical yet challenging for the development of cost-effective and sustainable potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to the sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity decay of graphite anodes caused by the large radius of K ions(1.38 A).To tackle this issue,here a new type of nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon tubes(NGCTs)is reported via a ZrO_(2)-templated chemical vapor deposition(CVD)approach.The carbon interlayer spacing,crystallite size,and Nconfigurations in NGCTs are controlled by adjusting the CVD temperature(800,900,and 1000℃).The optimized NGCT-900 sample well balances the graphitic domains and structural defects,thus enabling fast K^(+)insertion/extraction below 1 V(vs.K^(+)/K).These tubular carbon membranes achieve exceptional K^(+)-storage performance including high K^(+)-storage capacities of 404 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1),ultrafast charging at 50 A·g^(-1)and a super-long cycle life of up to 6000 cycles.Ex-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD),insitu Raman,and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)analyses reveal a synergistic K^(+)-adsorptionintercalation mechanism.Further comparison with S or P heteroatoms underscores the significance of N-doping in enhancing reversible K^(+)intercalation into graphitic domains and boosting surface adsorption capacity.The fabricated NGCT-900//K_(x)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)PIB(1.2-3.2 V)provides both a high-energy density of 187 Wh·kg^(-1)(comparable to graphite//LiFePO_(4)lithium-ion batteries(LIBs))and a high-power density of 2200 W·kg^(-1)at 123 Wh·kg^(-1).This study establishes a carbon anode design strategy for advanced potassium storage.展开更多
To achieve low-carbon regulation of electric vehicle(EV)charging loads under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy that integrates dynamic carbon factor prediction and multiobje...To achieve low-carbon regulation of electric vehicle(EV)charging loads under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy that integrates dynamic carbon factor prediction and multiobjective optimization.First,a dual-convolution enhanced improved Crossformer prediction model is constructed,which employs parallel 1×1 global and 3×3 local convolutionmodules(Integrated Convolution Block,ICB)formultiscale feature extraction,combinedwith anAdaptive Spectral Block(ASB)to enhance time-series fluctuationmodeling.Based on high-precision predictions,a carbon-electricity cost joint optimization model is further designed to balance economic,environmental,and grid-friendly objectives.The model’s superiority was validated through a case study using real-world data from a renewable-heavy grid.Simulation results show that the proposed multi-objective strategy demonstrated a superior balance compared to baseline and benchmark models,achieving a 15.8%reduction in carbon emissions and a 5.2%reduction in economic costs,while still providing a substantial 22.2%reduction in the peak-valley difference.Its balanced performance significantly outperformed both a single-objective strategy and a state-of-the-art Model Predictive Control(MPC)benchmark,highlighting the advantage of a global optimization approach.This study provides theoretical and technical pathways for dynamic carbon factor-driven EV charging optimization.展开更多
Nanoconfinement is a promising approach to simultaneously enhance the thermodynamics,kinetics,and cycling stability of hydrogen storage materials.The introduction of supporting scaffolds usually causes a reduction in ...Nanoconfinement is a promising approach to simultaneously enhance the thermodynamics,kinetics,and cycling stability of hydrogen storage materials.The introduction of supporting scaffolds usually causes a reduction in the total hydrogen storage capacity due to“dead weight.”Here,we synthesize an optimized N-doped porous carbon(rN-pC)without heavy metal as supporting scaffold to confine Mg/MgH_(2) nanoparticles(Mg/MgH_(2)@rN-pC).rN-pC with 60 wt%loading capacity of Mg(denoted as 60 Mg@rN-pC)can adsorb and desorb 0.62 wt%H_(2) on the rN-pC scaffold.The nanoconfined MgH_(2) can be chemically dehydrided at 175℃,providing~3.59 wt%H_(2) with fast kinetics(fully dehydrogenated at 300℃ within 15 min).This study presents the first realization of nanoconfined Mg-based system with adsorption-active scaffolds.Besides,the nanoconfined MgH_(2) formation enthalpy is reduced to~68 kJ mol^(−1) H_(2) from~75 kJ mol^(−1) H_(2) for pure MgH_(2).The composite can be also compressed to nanostructured pellets,with volumetric H_(2) density reaching 33.4 g L^(−1) after 500 MPa compression pressure,which surpasses the 24 g L^(−1) volumetric capacity of 350 bar compressed H_(2).Our approach can be implemented to the design of hybrid H_(2) storage materials with enhanced capacity and desorption rate.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) suffers from limited visible-light absorption and low charge-carrier mobility.In this study,a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride(5P-TCN)was synthesized via a precursor self-assembly method using phosphoric acid and melamine as raw materials,eliminating the need for organic solvents or templates.The 5P-TCN catalyst demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption,improved charge transfer capability,and a 5.25-fold increase in specific surface area(31.092 m^(2)/g),which provided abundant active sites to efficiently drive the PMS-assisted photocatalytic reaction.The 5P-TCN/vis/PMS system exhibited exceptional degradation performance for organic pollutants across a broad pH range(3–9),achieving over 92%degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB)within 15 min.Notably,the system retained>98%RhB degradation efficiency after three consecutive operational cycles,demonstrating robust operational stability and reusability.Moreover,key parameters influencing,active radi-cals,degradation pathways,and potential mechanisms for RhB degradation were systematically investigated.This work proposes a green and cost-effective strategy for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts,while demon-strating the exceptional capability of a PMS-assisted photocatalytic system for rapid degradation of RhB.展开更多
Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.B...Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.展开更多
文摘Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here instead,an effective process without active CO_(2)concentration is demonstrated in a new process-termed IC2CNT(Insulationdiffusion facilitated CO_(2) to Carbon Nanomaterial Technology)decarbonization process.Molten carbonates such as Li_(2)CO_(3)(mp 723℃)are highly insoluble to industrial feed gas principal components(N2,O_(2),and H2O).However,CO_(2) can readily dissolve and react in molten carbonates.We have recently characterized high CO_(2) diffusion rates through porous aluminosilicate and calcium-magnesium silicate thermal insulations.Here,the CO_(2) in ambient feed gas passes through these membranes into molten Li_(2)CO_(3).The membrane also concurrently insulates the feed gas from the hot molten carbonate chamber,obviating the need to heat the(non-CO_(2))majority of the feed gas to high temperature.In this insulation facilitated decarbonization process CO_(2)is split by electrolysis in the molten carbonate producing sequestered,high-purity carbon nanomaterials(such as CNTs)and O_(2).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3701500)the Key R&D Plan Projects of Zhejiang Province(No.2024SSYS0072)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LDT23E0601).
文摘Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in maritime shipping using the levelized cost of energy methodology.It includes a detailed comparative analysis based on essential criteria and sensitivity assessments to highlight the economic impacts of technological advancements.Key factors influencing total costs include fuel costs,carbon pricing,and energy demands for carbon capture.The findings reveal that methanol is more cost-effective than heavy fuel oil(HFO)when priced below 3000 CNY/t,assuming HFO costs 4400 CNY/t.Additionally,methanol with post-combustion carbon capture is less expensive than pre-combustion carbon capture.When carbon prices rise above 480 CNY/t,carbon capture technologies prove more economical than purchasing carbon emission allowances for HFO and liquefied natural gas.Enhanc-ing the use of exhaust gas waste heat is recommended for cost savings.Post-combustion carbon capture also shows greater efficiency,requiring about 1.1 GJ/t less energy than pre-combustion methods,leading to lower overall costs.Future research should focus on market mechanisms to stabilize fuel prices and develop less energy-intensive carbon capture technologies.This study offers critical insights into effective decarbonization strategies for advancing global maritime trade in the present and future.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3810800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22579008,22502012,22301013,and 22272003)+3 种基金Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21936001)R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(No.KZ20231000506)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Program(No.BJJWZYJH01201910005017)the Project of Construction of Innovative Teams and Teacher Career Development for Universities and Colleges Under Beijing Municipality(No.11000024T000003219982).
文摘The integration of carbon dots(CDs)with graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has emerged as a promising approach to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))evolution.Despite significant progress,critical challenges remain in achieving broad visiblelight absorption and suppressing charge recombination.In this work,we developed a series of photocatalysts through in situ embedding of red-emissive CDs(R-CDs)into g-C_(3)N_(4)(RCN)with precisely controlled loading amounts.Systematic characterization revealed that the R-CDs incorporation simultaneously addresses two fundamental limitations:(1)extending the light absorption edge to 800 nm,and(2)acting as an electron acceptor,facilitating charge separation.The optimized RCN composite demonstrates exceptional H_(2)evolution activity(1.87 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1),wavelength(λ)≥420 nm),representing a 3.3-fold enhancement over pristine g-C_(3)N_(4).Remarkably,the apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)reaches 9.1% at 420 nm,while maintaining measurable activity beyond 475 nm,where unmodified g-C_(3)N_(4)shows negligible response.This study provides fundamental insights into band structure engineering and charge carrier management through rational design of CDs-modified semiconductor heterostructures.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3501102).
文摘Porous carbon microspheres are widely regarded as a superior CO_(2) adsorbent due to their exceptional efficiency and affordability.However,better adsorption performance is very attractive for porous carbon microspheres.And modification of the pore structure is one of the effective strategies.In this study,multi-cavity mesoporous carbon microspheres were successfully synthesized by the synergistic method of soft and hard templates,during which a phenolic resin with superior thermal stability was employed as the carbon precursor and a mixture of silica sol and F108 as the mesoporous template.Carbon microspheres with multi-cavity mesoporous structures were prepared,and all the samples showed highly even mesopores,with diameters around 12 nm.The diameter of these microspheres decreased from 396.8 nm to about 182.5 nm with the increase of silica sol.After CO_(2) activation,these novel carbon microspheres(APCF0.5-S1.75)demonstrated high specific surface area(983.3 m^(2)/g)and remarkable CO_(2) uptake of 4.93 mmol/g at 0℃ and1 bar.This could be attributed to the unique multi-cavity structure,which offers uniform mesoporous pore channels,minimal CO_(2) transport of and a greater number of active sites for CO_(2) adsorption.
基金supported by the Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars Innovation Team,the Science and Technology Project of Yan’an City(No.2023-CYL-193)the Key Science Research Plan of Department of Education in Shaanxi Province(No.23JS070)the Science Research Training Project(No.CLXZ2207).
文摘Photosynthesis is a promising method for H_(2)O_(2)production,but its application in pure water is limited by slow oxidation kinetics and rapid photocarrier recombination of photocatalysts.Herein,a novel defective carbon nitride photocatalyst(D-C3-xN4)containing the C vacancies and the frustrated Lewis pairs(B and N of cyano group)is designed for H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis,and the role of C vacancies on the electron transfer mechanism during photocatalysis is systematically investigated.The D-C_(3-x)N_(4) exhibits a H_(2)O_(2)production rate of 140.1μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) in pure water,which is 87.6 times that of C_(3)N_(4).Such superior performance for H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis is found to arise from the C vacancies and frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs).The C vacancies have strong electron-trapping ability,which greatly enhances the separation of photocarriers.The C vacancies can also effectively reduce O_(2)to*OOH via a proton-coupled process,which significantly accelerates the O_(2)reduction kinetics.Meanwhile,the FLPs show an outstanding catalytic activity for H_(2)O oxidation.This study not only provides a new structure for highly active photocatalysts,but also deepens the understanding of the electron transfer mechanism of photocatalysts with trapped sites.
文摘On December 26,2025 China announced plans to begin the zero-carbon transformation of 52 industrial parks across the country.This first batch of parks span sectors such as new energy,advanced manufactur-ing and computing.The list ensures every province,autonomous region,and municipality has at least one designated park,with transforma-tion set for completion by 2030.
基金supported by the third scientific survey project in Xinjiang(2022xjkk0300)the public welfare geological survey projects initiated by the China Geological Survey(DD20190296,DD20221731).
文摘Addressing global warming,a common change today,requires achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality(also referred to as the dual carbon goals).Enhancing research on the carbon cycle is urgently needed as the foundation.Water,a key carrier in the carbon cycle,necessitates investigation into groundwater carbon pools’contribution to atmospheric carbon sinks.This study assessed carbon stocks in the Yinchuan Basin’s soil and groundwater carbon pools.Findings indicate the basin’s surface soils contain approximately 24.16 Tg of organic carbon and a total of 60.01 Tg of carbon.In contrast,the basin’s groundwater holds around 4.90 Tg of carbon,roughly one-fifth of the organic carbon in surface soils.Thus,groundwater and soil carbon pools possess comparable carbon stocks,underscoring the importance of the groundwater carbon pool.Studies on terrestrial carbon balance should incorporate groundwater carbon pools,which deserve increased focus.Evaluating groundwater carbon pools’contributions is vital for achieving the dual carbon goals.
文摘The discovery,advances,and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry,which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change,are presented.C2CNT■(CO_(2) to Carbon NanoTechnology)is the transition metal nucleated electrolytic splitting of CO_(2) by its trans-formation into a wide range of Graphene NanoCarbon allotropes,C_(GNC),CO_(2)→C_(GNC)+O_(2),such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-onions.The original 2015 C2CNT 0.0005 m2 electrode process has been scaled to larger than meter-square area electrodes and used in a series of 100 tonne annual CO_(2) removal industrial Genesis Device modules.The pathway to a further scale-up to a series of 1000 tonne decarbonization placed in series and forming a megaton annual C2CNT decarbonization plant is illustrated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472069,22102064,and 22302080)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M760028).
文摘With global carbon emissions continuing to rise,carbon dioxide(CO_(2))capture and resource utilization have become central challenges in achieving the“dual carbon”goals(carbon peak and carbon neutrality).Traditional carbon capture and storage(CCS)technology can only temporarily sequester CO_(2),whereas emerging green catalytic technologies(photo/electro/thermal catalysis)enable the conversion of CO_(2) into high-value chemicals(e.g.,fuels,pharmaceutical intermediates),advancing the closure of the artificial carbon cycle[1,2].
基金Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(NSSFC)-“Study on the Construction of China’s Unified Carbon Market and the Realization Mechanism of the‘Dual Carbon’Goal”(Grant No.24VRC003).
文摘This study explores the mechanisms by which China’s pilot carbon emissions trading schemes(ETS)facilitate industrial low-carbon transitions.We construct a theoretical model and conduct an empirical analysis using provincial panel data from seven pilot provinces spanning 2006-2021.Applying a multi-period difference-in-differences(DID)approach,we evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of the pilot ETS policies.The findings yield three key insights:(1)The pilot ETS significantly reduces carbon emission intensity and improves low-carbon total factor productivity(TFP),thereby promoting China’s industrial low-carbon transition.(2)Mechanism analysis indicates that the ETS primarily operates through cost constraints and industrial structural upgrading,while the effect of technological progress has yet to fully materialize.(3)Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the policy’s effects are more significant in regions with higher levels of economic development and R&D investment,leading to greater carbon intensity reductions and productivity gains.In addition,regions with higher foreign direct investment(FDI)experience more substantial improvements in low-carbon TFP,possibly reflecting technology spillover effects.
文摘Carbon dioxide is an important medium of the global carbon cycle,and has the dual properties of realizing the conversion of organic matter in the ecosystem and causing the greenhouse effect.The fixed or available carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is defined as"gray carbon",while the carbon dioxide that cannot be fixed or used and remains in the atmosphere is called"black carbon".Carbon neutral is the consensus of human development,but its implementation still faces many challenges in politics,resources,technology,market,and energy structure,etc.It is proposed that carbon replacement,carbon emission reduction,carbon sequestration,and carbon cycle are the four main approaches to achieve carbon neutral,among which carbon replacement is the backbone.New energy has become the leading role of the third energy conversion and will dominate carbon neutral in the future.Nowadays,solar energy,wind energy,hydropower,nuclear energy and hydrogen energy are the main forces of new energy,helping the power sector to achieve low carbon emissions."Green hydrogen"is the reserve force of new energy,helping further reduce carbon emissions in industrial and transportation fields.Artificial carbon conversion technology is a bridge connecting new energy and fossil energy,effectively reducing the carbon emissions of fossil energy.It is predicted that the peak value of China’s carbon dioxide emissions will reach 110×10^(8) t in 2030.The study predicts that China’s carbon emissions will drop to 22×10^(8) t,33×10^(8) t and 44×10^(8) t,respectively,in 2060 according to three scenarios of high,medium,and low levels.To realize carbon neutral in China,seven implementation suggestions have been put forward to build a new"three small and one large"energy structure in China and promote the realization of China’s energy independence strategy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(70873118)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (kzcx2-yw-305-2)the national key scientific and technological project(2006BAC08B03,2006BAC08B06,2008BAC43B01)~~
文摘In order to deal with the global change and to reduce emission of greenhouse gas, a number of countries have strengthened studies on carbon sequestration in cropland. Carbon sequestration in cropland is not only an important component for the global carbon stock, but also is the most active part to sequestrate the carbon in soil from atmosphere. In this sense, it is of necessity and significance to strengthen the study on management of carbon sequestration in cropland. Based on the main factors affecting carbon cycle in agro-ecosystems, this paper summarizes the relevant management measures to strengthen the capacity of reducing emission of carbon and increasing the carbon sequestration in cropland, and evaluates the effects of these measures after being implemented at a regional extent.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378181).
文摘The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D interconnected pore structure was prepared through the high pressure pyrolysis of mesophase coal tar pitch.It is found that the 3D interconnected cellular pores of MPCF facilitate multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves,which results in the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of MPCF reaches-37.84 dB with the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.44 GHz at a thickness of 2.70 mm,and the total average electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(SE_(T))under 3.00 mm thickness achieves 26.52 dB in X-band.Subsequently,MPCF is activated by KOH to obtain activated carbon foam(A-MPCF).The average SE_(T)of A-MPCF achieves 103.00 dB for abundant nanopores on the pore cell walls,which leads to a transition from the multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves on the walls to diffuse reflection.Unfortunately,the reflection coefficient(R)of A-MPCF increases from 0.78 to 0.90.To reduce the R value,Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was fabricated via the in situ growth of nano Fe_(3)O_(4)on A-MPCF.Consequently,the R value of Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was reduced from 0.90 to 0.74,whereas the MWA performance was only slightly decreased.This work proposes a simple strategy for simultaneously adjusting MWA and EMI shielding performances of materials.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange special project of Cooperation of Shanxi Province(202404041101014)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202403021212333)+3 种基金the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20555)the Lvliang Key R&D of University-Local Cooperation(2023XDHZ10)the Initiation Fund for Doctoral Research of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(20242026)the Outstanding Doctor Funding Award of Shanxi Province(20242080).
文摘To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122312,22209024,and 52473294)Tongcheng R&D Foundation(No.CPCIF-RA-0102)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Donghua University.
文摘The carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is a promising strategy for converting CO_(2)into high-value chemicals.However,the rational design of efficient catalysts for steering product selectivity toward specific high-value chemicals continues to be a central goal in electrocatalysis research.Recently,nanoporous confined electrocatalysts have garnered attention due to their unique pore structures,which not only increase the accessibility and utilization of active sites but also promote the enrichment and stabilization of key reaction intermediates and modulate the local reaction microenvironment.These combined effects contribute to improved reaction kinetics and enhanced product selectivity.This review systematically summarizes the mechanistic foundations of nanoporous confinement in CO_(2)RR,emphasizing its role in governing reaction pathways and selectivity.We introduce the fundamental design principles of nanoporous confined electrocatalysts,detailing how their pore size,tortuosity,and connectivity influence CO_(2)diffusion,local concentration gradients,and electrolyte accessibility.Then highlight how confinement-induced spatial regulation facilitates intermediate accumulation,directional proton transfer,and local pH modulation,collectively steering product selectivity toward desired C_(1) and multi-carbon(C_(2+))products.Representative material systems and structure-performance relationships are discussed to illustrate these effects.Finally,we summarize the current challenges in mechanistic understanding and practical implementation,and propose future directions for developing nanoporous systems that integrate controlled transport,catalytic reactivity,and system-level scalability.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22579153 and 22279122)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220530162402005)Wuhan Key Research and Development Program(No.2025060102030012).
文摘Extremely fast-charging and longlife span are critical yet challenging for the development of cost-effective and sustainable potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to the sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity decay of graphite anodes caused by the large radius of K ions(1.38 A).To tackle this issue,here a new type of nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon tubes(NGCTs)is reported via a ZrO_(2)-templated chemical vapor deposition(CVD)approach.The carbon interlayer spacing,crystallite size,and Nconfigurations in NGCTs are controlled by adjusting the CVD temperature(800,900,and 1000℃).The optimized NGCT-900 sample well balances the graphitic domains and structural defects,thus enabling fast K^(+)insertion/extraction below 1 V(vs.K^(+)/K).These tubular carbon membranes achieve exceptional K^(+)-storage performance including high K^(+)-storage capacities of 404 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1),ultrafast charging at 50 A·g^(-1)and a super-long cycle life of up to 6000 cycles.Ex-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD),insitu Raman,and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)analyses reveal a synergistic K^(+)-adsorptionintercalation mechanism.Further comparison with S or P heteroatoms underscores the significance of N-doping in enhancing reversible K^(+)intercalation into graphitic domains and boosting surface adsorption capacity.The fabricated NGCT-900//K_(x)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)PIB(1.2-3.2 V)provides both a high-energy density of 187 Wh·kg^(-1)(comparable to graphite//LiFePO_(4)lithium-ion batteries(LIBs))and a high-power density of 2200 W·kg^(-1)at 123 Wh·kg^(-1).This study establishes a carbon anode design strategy for advanced potassium storage.
基金Supported by State Grid Corporation of China Science and Technology Project:Research on Key Technologies for Intelligent Carbon Metrology in Vehicle-to-Grid Interaction(Project Number:B3018524000Q).
文摘To achieve low-carbon regulation of electric vehicle(EV)charging loads under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy that integrates dynamic carbon factor prediction and multiobjective optimization.First,a dual-convolution enhanced improved Crossformer prediction model is constructed,which employs parallel 1×1 global and 3×3 local convolutionmodules(Integrated Convolution Block,ICB)formultiscale feature extraction,combinedwith anAdaptive Spectral Block(ASB)to enhance time-series fluctuationmodeling.Based on high-precision predictions,a carbon-electricity cost joint optimization model is further designed to balance economic,environmental,and grid-friendly objectives.The model’s superiority was validated through a case study using real-world data from a renewable-heavy grid.Simulation results show that the proposed multi-objective strategy demonstrated a superior balance compared to baseline and benchmark models,achieving a 15.8%reduction in carbon emissions and a 5.2%reduction in economic costs,while still providing a substantial 22.2%reduction in the peak-valley difference.Its balanced performance significantly outperformed both a single-objective strategy and a state-of-the-art Model Predictive Control(MPC)benchmark,highlighting the advantage of a global optimization approach.This study provides theoretical and technical pathways for dynamic carbon factor-driven EV charging optimization.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3803700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171186)+1 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)support from“Zhiyuan Honor Program”for doctoral students,Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
文摘Nanoconfinement is a promising approach to simultaneously enhance the thermodynamics,kinetics,and cycling stability of hydrogen storage materials.The introduction of supporting scaffolds usually causes a reduction in the total hydrogen storage capacity due to“dead weight.”Here,we synthesize an optimized N-doped porous carbon(rN-pC)without heavy metal as supporting scaffold to confine Mg/MgH_(2) nanoparticles(Mg/MgH_(2)@rN-pC).rN-pC with 60 wt%loading capacity of Mg(denoted as 60 Mg@rN-pC)can adsorb and desorb 0.62 wt%H_(2) on the rN-pC scaffold.The nanoconfined MgH_(2) can be chemically dehydrided at 175℃,providing~3.59 wt%H_(2) with fast kinetics(fully dehydrogenated at 300℃ within 15 min).This study presents the first realization of nanoconfined Mg-based system with adsorption-active scaffolds.Besides,the nanoconfined MgH_(2) formation enthalpy is reduced to~68 kJ mol^(−1) H_(2) from~75 kJ mol^(−1) H_(2) for pure MgH_(2).The composite can be also compressed to nanostructured pellets,with volumetric H_(2) density reaching 33.4 g L^(−1) after 500 MPa compression pressure,which surpasses the 24 g L^(−1) volumetric capacity of 350 bar compressed H_(2).Our approach can be implemented to the design of hybrid H_(2) storage materials with enhanced capacity and desorption rate.
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) suffers from limited visible-light absorption and low charge-carrier mobility.In this study,a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride(5P-TCN)was synthesized via a precursor self-assembly method using phosphoric acid and melamine as raw materials,eliminating the need for organic solvents or templates.The 5P-TCN catalyst demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption,improved charge transfer capability,and a 5.25-fold increase in specific surface area(31.092 m^(2)/g),which provided abundant active sites to efficiently drive the PMS-assisted photocatalytic reaction.The 5P-TCN/vis/PMS system exhibited exceptional degradation performance for organic pollutants across a broad pH range(3–9),achieving over 92%degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB)within 15 min.Notably,the system retained>98%RhB degradation efficiency after three consecutive operational cycles,demonstrating robust operational stability and reusability.Moreover,key parameters influencing,active radi-cals,degradation pathways,and potential mechanisms for RhB degradation were systematically investigated.This work proposes a green and cost-effective strategy for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts,while demon-strating the exceptional capability of a PMS-assisted photocatalytic system for rapid degradation of RhB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276196)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion(FSKLCCA2508)the High-level Talent Foundation of Anhui Agricultural University(rc412307).
文摘Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.
