The rise of creative industries in this century has aroused strong interest in the concept“cultural capital”in academia.Cultural capital can be understood as various forms of cultural resources that achieve signific...The rise of creative industries in this century has aroused strong interest in the concept“cultural capital”in academia.Cultural capital can be understood as various forms of cultural resources that achieve significant appreciation in existing economic,political,and cultural structures through active and rapid reproduction,thereby influencing changes in existing economic,political,and cultural structures,including production relations with capitalist characteristics.The capitalization of culture negates the original ecological value of culture,denies human needs for culture,undermines the true value of cultural exchange and creation,and can easily lead to the formation of cultural hegemony.However,the process of cultural capitalization and the changes in cultural values within it indicate that the capitalization of culture is to some extent an inevitable historical development.The new cultural capital has demonstrated tremendous power in promoting the development of contemporary creative industries and producing cultural masterpieces.Of course,this first requires it to refuse to become a tool for economic capital and digital technology.展开更多
The paper had illustrated fruitful achievements Baise had gained in these years in terms of capitalization operation and capital increase of national culture,and generally analyzed deficiencies in capitalization of Ba...The paper had illustrated fruitful achievements Baise had gained in these years in terms of capitalization operation and capital increase of national culture,and generally analyzed deficiencies in capitalization of Baise national culture.It emphasized that utilization,integration and development of national cultural resources were not enough in intensity;capitalized degree of national culture was low and national cultural products were simple and low in level.Finally,the new mode was proposed to integrate national cultural resources,activate inner vitality of national cultural capital and renovate capitalization of national culture.展开更多
Based on the results of the 14 thcomprehensive adjustment of NIPAS published by BEA in July of 2013,this paper employs the national economic accounting principles to analyze the impact of R&D capitalization on Mac...Based on the results of the 14 thcomprehensive adjustment of NIPAS published by BEA in July of 2013,this paper employs the national economic accounting principles to analyze the impact of R&D capitalization on Macroeconomic Variables from both the theoretical and empirical aspects. The results show that R&D capitalization will produce impact on many macroeconomic variables. Although some changes of the indexes are very small in amount, the implementation of capitalized accounting on R&D is the requirement of SNA 2008 and an inevitable trend of international accounting changes. China must further improve the statistical content of R&D, revise the accounting caliber and classification standards for R&D, explore the accounting models for R&D satellite accounts, improve the quality of R&D accounting data, strengthen the understanding of the essence of SNA 2008, so as to promote the integration of Chinese national economic accounting system with SNA 2008 as soon as possible.展开更多
To find solutions for legal system for capitalization of rural land ownership in China,this paper studied and analyzed existing problems in rural land system and legal environment using legal theory and transaction co...To find solutions for legal system for capitalization of rural land ownership in China,this paper studied and analyzed existing problems in rural land system and legal environment using legal theory and transaction cost theory. Results indicated that(i) the restriction of institutional condition upon property right and transaction is more essential,and key points include the relationship of entities of right formed jointly by the state,collective and farmers,accurate positioning of property right structure,and security for land appreciation income right and allocation mechanism;(ii) the land property right structure should select a legal structure with minimum transaction cost. It is concluded that entitling the ownership to a single entity is an economical method to eliminate current conflict of rural land right.展开更多
The capitalization of agricultural land as an institutional innovation in land use is of great significance to revitalize China's land resources, change land use and improve land use efficiency. With the gradual i...The capitalization of agricultural land as an institutional innovation in land use is of great significance to revitalize China's land resources, change land use and improve land use efficiency. With the gradual implementation of the capitalization of agricultural land, however, environmental problems brought by capitalization have restricted the sustainable and efficient utilization of agricultural land. This study, from the perspective of ecology, discusses ecological risks of agricultural land capitalization, analyzes the ecological risks of agricultural land capitalization in terms of the amount of land and land quality as well as the formation mechanism of the ecological risks of agricultural land capitalization. It is found that the logic of the capital itself, the profitability of the subject and the fragility of the ecological environment are the internal and external factors of the ecological risks of agricultural land. Thereupon authors put forward policy suggestions to prevent the ecological risks of agricultural land capitalization in terms of large-scale agricultural operations in diverse forms, the development of green agriculture, the protection of agricultural land quality and green finance, with a view to resolving the ecological risks of agricultural land capitalization and realizing the benign operation of agricultural land capitalization.展开更多
A stock exchange is an exchange where stock brokers and traders can buy and sell shares of stock, bonds, and other securities. All listings are included in the Nigerian Stock Exchange All Shares index. In terms of mar...A stock exchange is an exchange where stock brokers and traders can buy and sell shares of stock, bonds, and other securities. All listings are included in the Nigerian Stock Exchange All Shares index. In terms of market capitalization, the Nigerian Stock Exchange is the third largest stock exchange in Africa. Objectives: The paper assesses the impact of Nigerian Stock Market (all share index, market capitalization, and number of equities) on Gross domestic product (Economic Growth). Materials and Methods: Regression analysis and ordinary least square technique were employed. Result and Discussion: The series was stationary at 1%, 5%, and 10% α level;the residuals were normally distributed but not serially correlated at 5% α level. All Share Index, Market Capitalization and Total Number of listed Equities have a joint and individual significant effect on Economic Growth (Gross Domestic Product) with Total Number of listed Equities having a negative (opposite) linear relationship with the Gross Domestic Product. The Durbin-Watson statistics (R2 = 0.9910 = 1.3686) suggest that the model is not spurious and it is devoid of positive and negative autocorrelation (DW = 1.3686 > dl = 1.07 and DW = 1.5033 ?-?du = 2.17). Therefore, it can produce meaningful result when used for forecasting a positive relationship between gross domestic product, all share index and market capitalization with a 99.1% R-square value. Significant Positive connection between all share index, market capitalization, the number of equities and gross domestic product suggests that government policies and bills aimed towards rapid development of the capital market should be initiated.展开更多
When observing China＇s income distribution problems .from an international perspective, we find that China＇s income inequality is not much different from developed countries after primary distribution. The real diff...When observing China＇s income distribution problems .from an international perspective, we find that China＇s income inequality is not much different from developed countries after primary distribution. The real difference between China and developed countries is that income inequality in developed countries will reduce greatly after income redistribution while the income inequality remains the same for China. Therefore, one can conclude that income inequality in China derives from the ineffectiveness of redistribution. However, a large income gap is not the main reason for skewed income distribution in China. In fact, the problem lies in unfair distribution resulting from factor capitalization. A handful of people have taken proceeds from public assets at the expense of all the people, which has led to social poIarization. To remove unfair distribution, China should improve its means of redistribution to narrow its income gap in order to develop a fair and reasonable pattern of income distribution.展开更多
At present,targeted poverty alleviation is a major development strategy in China.Based on the investigation of Danzhai County in Guizhou Province,this paper argues that industry development is the fundamental measure ...At present,targeted poverty alleviation is a major development strategy in China.Based on the investigation of Danzhai County in Guizhou Province,this paper argues that industry development is the fundamental measure through which to implement the poverty alleviation program.Industry development includes both the development of local industries in povertystricken areas and the development of industries in other regions of China.Local development is mainly achieved when the invisible superior resources become visible and the notable superior resources are capitalized in povertystricken areas,in which,the capitalization of factors and resources relies on fundamental governmental investments which will create a profit space for the poverty-stricken areas through the down-to-countryside cadres' precise guidance for the use of poverty alleviation funds to help identify a breakthrough for industry development,and particularly the attempts to focus on the development of high-end industries under the lower-end production mode to form a community with common interests aiding poverty alleviation.Development in other regions can be mainly achieved through various modes such as "tax-finance-poverty alleviation," "industry-employment-poverty alleviation" and "industry-enterprise direct investment-poverty alleviation" to offer indirect or direct support for poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas.An appropriate handling is required to deal with many problems related to the local industry development in targeted poverty alleviation and the targeted poverty alleviation in industry development.展开更多
In recent years, the Chinese government has asked enterprises to follow the path of “green development”. This requirement naturally becomes the guiding ideology of coal resource capitalization theory. this paper foc...In recent years, the Chinese government has asked enterprises to follow the path of “green development”. This requirement naturally becomes the guiding ideology of coal resource capitalization theory. this paper focuses on the core contents of the green development of coal resource capitalization, and uses the software of ROSTCM6 and UCINET to construct six frameworks of the green theory of coal resource capitalization with the method of “Condensed Subgroup”: the basic theory of capitalization, the conservation theory of capitalization, the environmental protection theory of capitalization, the harmonious coexistence theory of capitalization, the mainline development theory of ecological industry of capitalization Industrial theory, benign cycle sustainable development theory of capitalization, the paper further designs the outline content of the framework.展开更多
In today＇s knowledge-based economy, the role played by human capital in the determination of the market value of a firm is recognized. To be able to persist in the open competition, entities are forced to invest incr...In today＇s knowledge-based economy, the role played by human capital in the determination of the market value of a firm is recognized. To be able to persist in the open competition, entities are forced to invest increasingly in the professional training of their employees. Inconsistent with this rising importance is the prohibition to capitalize professional training cost according to international accounting standards （IAS） 38.69 （b）. Highly qualified employees ensure competitive advantages and thus lead to an increase in shareholder value. Regarding the financial statement as a primary source of information, it does not seem reasonable to leave such a valuable resource completely unnoticed in the balance sheet. Consequently, a truthful representation of a firm＇s asset should take training costs into account. This article pleads for a limitation of this general legal prohibition and analyzes under which premises those expenditures for training can comply with the common criteria of capitalization according to IAS 38.展开更多
Unlike prior studies that investigate research and development(R&D)accounting as a dichotomous choice between capitalizing vs.expensing, this study identifies low-reliability R&D capitalization by the occurren...Unlike prior studies that investigate research and development(R&D)accounting as a dichotomous choice between capitalizing vs.expensing, this study identifies low-reliability R&D capitalization by the occurrence of ex post impairment of capitalized R&D costs.I find that low-reliability capitalization is associated with higher discretionary accruals but fails to signal future innovation, whereas normal capitalization without subsequent impairment lacks earnings aggressiveness and predicts future innovation positively, compared to expensing firms.Next, this study shows that Big 4 and industry specialist auditors improve reliability by notably decreasing the likelihood of lowreliability R&D capitalization.The results remain robust after controlling for R&D investment intensity and potential endogeneity in the capitalization decision.Additional tests show that managers strategically time the recognition of impairment for big-bath and earnings-smoothing purposes, and that analyst coverage does not help differentiate between low-reliability and normal R&D capitalization.Collectively, this paper increases our understanding of R&D accounting and auditing and contributes to the debate on the reliability of R&D capitalization.展开更多
Chinese food aid nourishes over 188,000 Zambians In the arid terrain of Shang’ombo District,approximately 850 km west of Lusaka,Zambia’s capital,Charity Imbuwa received a Chinese food-aid pack and shared it with her...Chinese food aid nourishes over 188,000 Zambians In the arid terrain of Shang’ombo District,approximately 850 km west of Lusaka,Zambia’s capital,Charity Imbuwa received a Chinese food-aid pack and shared it with her children at their home near the Angola border.展开更多
A fairly precise vision of a healthy physical self can serve as motivation for undertaking the means to that end.The same cannot be said with regard to“healthy moral selves”.By definition,democracy is about living w...A fairly precise vision of a healthy physical self can serve as motivation for undertaking the means to that end.The same cannot be said with regard to“healthy moral selves”.By definition,democracy is about living with others and,as we argue,a healthy moral self is one that lives well with others.However,precisely what“living with others”entails is ambiguous,particularly in a capitalist economy that presumes that the greatest happiness results from antagonistic competitiveness.In an attempt to demystify how self-focused individuals may nonetheless thrive in“the space between”,we will examine,with the help of Kant and Foucault,the Enlightenment Project that promoted maximal reasonableness(or what we are referring to as“healthy moral selves”)and then,with the help of Steven Pinker and Alisdair MacIntyre,explore the factors that have led to its seeming relatively recent failure.We will argue,following Iris Murdoch and others,that the best hope for its revitalization,and with it,democracy,lies,on one hand,with the debunking of counterfeit moral selves who use a“moral stance”to deliver what Frankfurt refers to as“bullshit”,and,on the other,with the reinvigoration of our understanding that healthy moral selves require a steady diet of engaging in“objective practical reasoning”with those who think differently,thereby potentially starving our fat relentless egos that are so often the source of divisiveness and,in so doing,become happy by becoming worthy of being happy.In animating the value of this goal,the hope is that the means,i.e.,education for the reinvigoration of practical reason(the forgotten twin of theoretical reason)and genuine deliberative dialogue across difference will become sufficiently attractive that it will energize democratic practice and dialogue to such an extent that democracy,as a form of government,may yet flourish despite the atomizing forces of capitalism.展开更多
Mindfulness would enhance university students’emotional well-being and study engagement.However,the role of affect(positive and negative emotions)and psychological resources(psychological capital)linking mindfulness ...Mindfulness would enhance university students’emotional well-being and study engagement.However,the role of affect(positive and negative emotions)and psychological resources(psychological capital)linking mindfulness to study engagement remain underexplored.This cross-sectional study surveyed 688 Chinese university students(females=413,mean age=20.3,SD=0.83),using validated self-report measures of mindfulness,positive and negative emotions,psychological capital,and study engagement.Structural equation modeling and bias-corrected bootstrap analyses(5000 resamples)revealed that mindfulness directly enhanced positive emotions,psychological capital,and study engagement,while reducing negative emotions.Positive emotions partially mediated the positive effect of mindfulness on psychological capital and study engagement.Negative emotions partially and negatively mediated only the mindfulness-psychological capital link.Psychological capital independently mediated the mindfulness-engagement relationship,and two sequential mediation pathways emerged:(a)mindfulness→positive emotions→psychological capital→higher study engagement and(b)mindfulness→reduced negative emotions→psychological capital→higher study engagement.Consistent with broaden-and-build(B&B)theory and Conservation of Resources(COR)theory,these findings suggest that mindfulness fosters study engagement primarily by promoting positive emotional experiences and strengthening psychological capital.By implication,university student support programs should employ mindfulness-based interventions to cultivate emotional and psychological resources for higher students’engagement and overall well-being.展开更多
This study examines the mediating role of positive psychological capital and the moderating role of ethnicity in the relationship between mindfulness and internalizing/externalizing problems among adolescents.The stud...This study examines the mediating role of positive psychological capital and the moderating role of ethnicity in the relationship between mindfulness and internalizing/externalizing problems among adolescents.The study sample comprized Chinese adolescents(N=637 ethnic minority;females=40.97%,meam age=12.68,SD=0.49 years;N=636 Han;females=49.06%,mean age=12.71,SD=0.47 years).The participants completed the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure,the Positive Psycap Questionnaire,and the Youth Self-Report.Results from the moderated mediation analysis showed mindfulness was negatively associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems.Ethnicity moderated the relationship between mindfulness and internalizing problems to be stronger for Han adolescents compared to ethnic minority adolescents.Psychological capital mediated the relationship between mindfulness and internalizing problems in both groups,with a negative direction.Findings support the Conservation of Resources theory and highlight mindfulness as a personal resource fostering adolescent well-being in multicultural contexts.展开更多
By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achi...By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achieved a higher relative density of high-skilled labor within this sector.In contrast,Latin American economies experienced a“low-end lock-in”in manufacturing,with high-skilled labor more heavily concentrated in the service sector.To provide a unified explanation of these patterns of industrial transformation and labor allocation,this paper develops a three-sector general equilibrium model that includes basic manufacturing(BM),high-end manufacturing(HM),and services,and incorporates labor heterogeneity.The model captures how,under different development thresholds for HM,the allocation of high-skilled labor across sectors leads to two distinct structural transformation paths:from BM to HM,or from BM to services.These paths,in turn,generate different trajectories of human capital accumulation and economic growth performance.Simulation analysis shows that dynamically adjusted industrial policies are more effective than static ones,and that combining education policy with industrial policy yields better outcomes than either policy alone.This study extends theoretical research on industrial structural transformation,highlights the importance of HM for latecomer economies,and offers theoretical underpinnings and decision-making insights for advancing new industrialization and deepening integration between industrial and talent chains.展开更多
Profile of Prof.Ning-Li Wang Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE)Member of the International Academy of Ophthalmology Director,Ophthalmology Center,Beijing Tongren Hospital Dean,School of Ophthalmolo...Profile of Prof.Ning-Li Wang Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE)Member of the International Academy of Ophthalmology Director,Ophthalmology Center,Beijing Tongren Hospital Dean,School of Ophthalmology,Capital Medical University Director,National Engineering Research Center for Ophthalmic Diagnosis and Treatment National Distinguished Physician Member,Academic Advisory Committee.展开更多
Wave energy is a promising form of marine renewable energy that offers a sustainable pathway for electricity generation in coastal regions.Despite Malaysia’s extensive coastline,the exploration of wave energy in Sara...Wave energy is a promising form of marine renewable energy that offers a sustainable pathway for electricity generation in coastal regions.Despite Malaysia’s extensive coastline,the exploration of wave energy in Sarawak remains limited due to economic,technical,and environmental challenges that hinder its implementation.Compared to other renewable energy sources,wave energy is underutilized largely because of cost uncertainties and the lack of local performance data.This research aims to identify themost suitable coastal zone in Sarawak that achieves an optimal balance between energy potential,cost-effectiveness,and environmental impact,particularly in relation to infrastructure and regional development.The findings indicate that wave energy generation in Sarawak is technically feasible based on MOGA analysis.Among the studied sites,Bintulu emerged as the most balanced option,with a levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)of 0.778–0.864 USD/kWh and a CO_(2) emission factor as low as 0.019–0.020 CO_(2)/k Wh.Miri,while producing lower emissions than Sematan,recorded a higher LCOE of 1.045 USD/kWh with moderate emissions at 0.029 CO_(2)/kWh.Sematan,characterized by weaker wave conditions and higher installation penalties,resulted in the least favorable outcome,with an LCOE of 3.735 USD/kWh.Bintulu’s strategic location reduces CAPEX requirements,making it the most suitable site for large-scale wave energy deployment in Sarawak.展开更多
文摘The rise of creative industries in this century has aroused strong interest in the concept“cultural capital”in academia.Cultural capital can be understood as various forms of cultural resources that achieve significant appreciation in existing economic,political,and cultural structures through active and rapid reproduction,thereby influencing changes in existing economic,political,and cultural structures,including production relations with capitalist characteristics.The capitalization of culture negates the original ecological value of culture,denies human needs for culture,undermines the true value of cultural exchange and creation,and can easily lead to the formation of cultural hegemony.However,the process of cultural capitalization and the changes in cultural values within it indicate that the capitalization of culture is to some extent an inevitable historical development.The new cultural capital has demonstrated tremendous power in promoting the development of contemporary creative industries and producing cultural masterpieces.Of course,this first requires it to refuse to become a tool for economic capital and digital technology.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Initiation Project of Baise University in2009(2009KB12)Periodic Achievement of Scientific Research Project of Department of Education of Guangxi Province in2010 (201010LX507)~~
文摘The paper had illustrated fruitful achievements Baise had gained in these years in terms of capitalization operation and capital increase of national culture,and generally analyzed deficiencies in capitalization of Baise national culture.It emphasized that utilization,integration and development of national cultural resources were not enough in intensity;capitalized degree of national culture was low and national cultural products were simple and low in level.Finally,the new mode was proposed to integrate national cultural resources,activate inner vitality of national cultural capital and renovate capitalization of national culture.
文摘Based on the results of the 14 thcomprehensive adjustment of NIPAS published by BEA in July of 2013,this paper employs the national economic accounting principles to analyze the impact of R&D capitalization on Macroeconomic Variables from both the theoretical and empirical aspects. The results show that R&D capitalization will produce impact on many macroeconomic variables. Although some changes of the indexes are very small in amount, the implementation of capitalized accounting on R&D is the requirement of SNA 2008 and an inevitable trend of international accounting changes. China must further improve the statistical content of R&D, revise the accounting caliber and classification standards for R&D, explore the accounting models for R&D satellite accounts, improve the quality of R&D accounting data, strengthen the understanding of the essence of SNA 2008, so as to promote the integration of Chinese national economic accounting system with SNA 2008 as soon as possible.
基金Supported by 2012 Doctoral Candidate Innovation and Practice Project of China University of Political Science and Law(2012BSCX07)
文摘To find solutions for legal system for capitalization of rural land ownership in China,this paper studied and analyzed existing problems in rural land system and legal environment using legal theory and transaction cost theory. Results indicated that(i) the restriction of institutional condition upon property right and transaction is more essential,and key points include the relationship of entities of right formed jointly by the state,collective and farmers,accurate positioning of property right structure,and security for land appreciation income right and allocation mechanism;(ii) the land property right structure should select a legal structure with minimum transaction cost. It is concluded that entitling the ownership to a single entity is an economical method to eliminate current conflict of rural land right.
基金Sponsored by The National Social Science Fund of China(15AZD062)Education Innovation Project for Graduates in Zhongnan University of Economics and Law(2016Y1054)
文摘The capitalization of agricultural land as an institutional innovation in land use is of great significance to revitalize China's land resources, change land use and improve land use efficiency. With the gradual implementation of the capitalization of agricultural land, however, environmental problems brought by capitalization have restricted the sustainable and efficient utilization of agricultural land. This study, from the perspective of ecology, discusses ecological risks of agricultural land capitalization, analyzes the ecological risks of agricultural land capitalization in terms of the amount of land and land quality as well as the formation mechanism of the ecological risks of agricultural land capitalization. It is found that the logic of the capital itself, the profitability of the subject and the fragility of the ecological environment are the internal and external factors of the ecological risks of agricultural land. Thereupon authors put forward policy suggestions to prevent the ecological risks of agricultural land capitalization in terms of large-scale agricultural operations in diverse forms, the development of green agriculture, the protection of agricultural land quality and green finance, with a view to resolving the ecological risks of agricultural land capitalization and realizing the benign operation of agricultural land capitalization.
文摘A stock exchange is an exchange where stock brokers and traders can buy and sell shares of stock, bonds, and other securities. All listings are included in the Nigerian Stock Exchange All Shares index. In terms of market capitalization, the Nigerian Stock Exchange is the third largest stock exchange in Africa. Objectives: The paper assesses the impact of Nigerian Stock Market (all share index, market capitalization, and number of equities) on Gross domestic product (Economic Growth). Materials and Methods: Regression analysis and ordinary least square technique were employed. Result and Discussion: The series was stationary at 1%, 5%, and 10% α level;the residuals were normally distributed but not serially correlated at 5% α level. All Share Index, Market Capitalization and Total Number of listed Equities have a joint and individual significant effect on Economic Growth (Gross Domestic Product) with Total Number of listed Equities having a negative (opposite) linear relationship with the Gross Domestic Product. The Durbin-Watson statistics (R2 = 0.9910 = 1.3686) suggest that the model is not spurious and it is devoid of positive and negative autocorrelation (DW = 1.3686 > dl = 1.07 and DW = 1.5033 ?-?du = 2.17). Therefore, it can produce meaningful result when used for forecasting a positive relationship between gross domestic product, all share index and market capitalization with a 99.1% R-square value. Significant Positive connection between all share index, market capitalization, the number of equities and gross domestic product suggests that government policies and bills aimed towards rapid development of the capital market should be initiated.
基金This paper is a staged achievement of ＂Study on China＇s Income Distribution＂, a project supported by National Social Science Foundation.
文摘When observing China＇s income distribution problems .from an international perspective, we find that China＇s income inequality is not much different from developed countries after primary distribution. The real difference between China and developed countries is that income inequality in developed countries will reduce greatly after income redistribution while the income inequality remains the same for China. Therefore, one can conclude that income inequality in China derives from the ineffectiveness of redistribution. However, a large income gap is not the main reason for skewed income distribution in China. In fact, the problem lies in unfair distribution resulting from factor capitalization. A handful of people have taken proceeds from public assets at the expense of all the people, which has led to social poIarization. To remove unfair distribution, China should improve its means of redistribution to narrow its income gap in order to develop a fair and reasonable pattern of income distribution.
基金sponsored by the Cooperative Innovation Center of Chinese Characterized Socialist Economic Construction
文摘At present,targeted poverty alleviation is a major development strategy in China.Based on the investigation of Danzhai County in Guizhou Province,this paper argues that industry development is the fundamental measure through which to implement the poverty alleviation program.Industry development includes both the development of local industries in povertystricken areas and the development of industries in other regions of China.Local development is mainly achieved when the invisible superior resources become visible and the notable superior resources are capitalized in povertystricken areas,in which,the capitalization of factors and resources relies on fundamental governmental investments which will create a profit space for the poverty-stricken areas through the down-to-countryside cadres' precise guidance for the use of poverty alleviation funds to help identify a breakthrough for industry development,and particularly the attempts to focus on the development of high-end industries under the lower-end production mode to form a community with common interests aiding poverty alleviation.Development in other regions can be mainly achieved through various modes such as "tax-finance-poverty alleviation," "industry-employment-poverty alleviation" and "industry-enterprise direct investment-poverty alleviation" to offer indirect or direct support for poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas.An appropriate handling is required to deal with many problems related to the local industry development in targeted poverty alleviation and the targeted poverty alleviation in industry development.
文摘In recent years, the Chinese government has asked enterprises to follow the path of “green development”. This requirement naturally becomes the guiding ideology of coal resource capitalization theory. this paper focuses on the core contents of the green development of coal resource capitalization, and uses the software of ROSTCM6 and UCINET to construct six frameworks of the green theory of coal resource capitalization with the method of “Condensed Subgroup”: the basic theory of capitalization, the conservation theory of capitalization, the environmental protection theory of capitalization, the harmonious coexistence theory of capitalization, the mainline development theory of ecological industry of capitalization Industrial theory, benign cycle sustainable development theory of capitalization, the paper further designs the outline content of the framework.
文摘In today＇s knowledge-based economy, the role played by human capital in the determination of the market value of a firm is recognized. To be able to persist in the open competition, entities are forced to invest increasingly in the professional training of their employees. Inconsistent with this rising importance is the prohibition to capitalize professional training cost according to international accounting standards （IAS） 38.69 （b）. Highly qualified employees ensure competitive advantages and thus lead to an increase in shareholder value. Regarding the financial statement as a primary source of information, it does not seem reasonable to leave such a valuable resource completely unnoticed in the balance sheet. Consequently, a truthful representation of a firm＇s asset should take training costs into account. This article pleads for a limitation of this general legal prohibition and analyzes under which premises those expenditures for training can comply with the common criteria of capitalization according to IAS 38.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (approval number: NSFC-71902137)
文摘Unlike prior studies that investigate research and development(R&D)accounting as a dichotomous choice between capitalizing vs.expensing, this study identifies low-reliability R&D capitalization by the occurrence of ex post impairment of capitalized R&D costs.I find that low-reliability capitalization is associated with higher discretionary accruals but fails to signal future innovation, whereas normal capitalization without subsequent impairment lacks earnings aggressiveness and predicts future innovation positively, compared to expensing firms.Next, this study shows that Big 4 and industry specialist auditors improve reliability by notably decreasing the likelihood of lowreliability R&D capitalization.The results remain robust after controlling for R&D investment intensity and potential endogeneity in the capitalization decision.Additional tests show that managers strategically time the recognition of impairment for big-bath and earnings-smoothing purposes, and that analyst coverage does not help differentiate between low-reliability and normal R&D capitalization.Collectively, this paper increases our understanding of R&D accounting and auditing and contributes to the debate on the reliability of R&D capitalization.
文摘Chinese food aid nourishes over 188,000 Zambians In the arid terrain of Shang’ombo District,approximately 850 km west of Lusaka,Zambia’s capital,Charity Imbuwa received a Chinese food-aid pack and shared it with her children at their home near the Angola border.
文摘A fairly precise vision of a healthy physical self can serve as motivation for undertaking the means to that end.The same cannot be said with regard to“healthy moral selves”.By definition,democracy is about living with others and,as we argue,a healthy moral self is one that lives well with others.However,precisely what“living with others”entails is ambiguous,particularly in a capitalist economy that presumes that the greatest happiness results from antagonistic competitiveness.In an attempt to demystify how self-focused individuals may nonetheless thrive in“the space between”,we will examine,with the help of Kant and Foucault,the Enlightenment Project that promoted maximal reasonableness(or what we are referring to as“healthy moral selves”)and then,with the help of Steven Pinker and Alisdair MacIntyre,explore the factors that have led to its seeming relatively recent failure.We will argue,following Iris Murdoch and others,that the best hope for its revitalization,and with it,democracy,lies,on one hand,with the debunking of counterfeit moral selves who use a“moral stance”to deliver what Frankfurt refers to as“bullshit”,and,on the other,with the reinvigoration of our understanding that healthy moral selves require a steady diet of engaging in“objective practical reasoning”with those who think differently,thereby potentially starving our fat relentless egos that are so often the source of divisiveness and,in so doing,become happy by becoming worthy of being happy.In animating the value of this goal,the hope is that the means,i.e.,education for the reinvigoration of practical reason(the forgotten twin of theoretical reason)and genuine deliberative dialogue across difference will become sufficiently attractive that it will energize democratic practice and dialogue to such an extent that democracy,as a form of government,may yet flourish despite the atomizing forces of capitalism.
文摘Mindfulness would enhance university students’emotional well-being and study engagement.However,the role of affect(positive and negative emotions)and psychological resources(psychological capital)linking mindfulness to study engagement remain underexplored.This cross-sectional study surveyed 688 Chinese university students(females=413,mean age=20.3,SD=0.83),using validated self-report measures of mindfulness,positive and negative emotions,psychological capital,and study engagement.Structural equation modeling and bias-corrected bootstrap analyses(5000 resamples)revealed that mindfulness directly enhanced positive emotions,psychological capital,and study engagement,while reducing negative emotions.Positive emotions partially mediated the positive effect of mindfulness on psychological capital and study engagement.Negative emotions partially and negatively mediated only the mindfulness-psychological capital link.Psychological capital independently mediated the mindfulness-engagement relationship,and two sequential mediation pathways emerged:(a)mindfulness→positive emotions→psychological capital→higher study engagement and(b)mindfulness→reduced negative emotions→psychological capital→higher study engagement.Consistent with broaden-and-build(B&B)theory and Conservation of Resources(COR)theory,these findings suggest that mindfulness fosters study engagement primarily by promoting positive emotional experiences and strengthening psychological capital.By implication,university student support programs should employ mindfulness-based interventions to cultivate emotional and psychological resources for higher students’engagement and overall well-being.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects[Basic Science of Guizhou-[2024]Youth 309,Guizhou Platform Talents[2021]1350-046]Zunyi Science and Technology Cooperation[HZ(2024)311]+3 种基金Funding of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(2024SYZH005)Peking University Longitudinal Scientific Research Technical Service Project(G-252)Guizhou Provincial Graduate Student Research Fund Project(2024YJSKYJJ339)Zunyi Medical University Graduate Research Fund Project(ZYK206).
文摘This study examines the mediating role of positive psychological capital and the moderating role of ethnicity in the relationship between mindfulness and internalizing/externalizing problems among adolescents.The study sample comprized Chinese adolescents(N=637 ethnic minority;females=40.97%,meam age=12.68,SD=0.49 years;N=636 Han;females=49.06%,mean age=12.71,SD=0.47 years).The participants completed the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure,the Positive Psycap Questionnaire,and the Youth Self-Report.Results from the moderated mediation analysis showed mindfulness was negatively associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems.Ethnicity moderated the relationship between mindfulness and internalizing problems to be stronger for Han adolescents compared to ethnic minority adolescents.Psychological capital mediated the relationship between mindfulness and internalizing problems in both groups,with a negative direction.Findings support the Conservation of Resources theory and highlight mindfulness as a personal resource fostering adolescent well-being in multicultural contexts.
文摘By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achieved a higher relative density of high-skilled labor within this sector.In contrast,Latin American economies experienced a“low-end lock-in”in manufacturing,with high-skilled labor more heavily concentrated in the service sector.To provide a unified explanation of these patterns of industrial transformation and labor allocation,this paper develops a three-sector general equilibrium model that includes basic manufacturing(BM),high-end manufacturing(HM),and services,and incorporates labor heterogeneity.The model captures how,under different development thresholds for HM,the allocation of high-skilled labor across sectors leads to two distinct structural transformation paths:from BM to HM,or from BM to services.These paths,in turn,generate different trajectories of human capital accumulation and economic growth performance.Simulation analysis shows that dynamically adjusted industrial policies are more effective than static ones,and that combining education policy with industrial policy yields better outcomes than either policy alone.This study extends theoretical research on industrial structural transformation,highlights the importance of HM for latecomer economies,and offers theoretical underpinnings and decision-making insights for advancing new industrialization and deepening integration between industrial and talent chains.
文摘Profile of Prof.Ning-Li Wang Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE)Member of the International Academy of Ophthalmology Director,Ophthalmology Center,Beijing Tongren Hospital Dean,School of Ophthalmology,Capital Medical University Director,National Engineering Research Center for Ophthalmic Diagnosis and Treatment National Distinguished Physician Member,Academic Advisory Committee.
基金supported by Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus and Birmingham City University.
文摘Wave energy is a promising form of marine renewable energy that offers a sustainable pathway for electricity generation in coastal regions.Despite Malaysia’s extensive coastline,the exploration of wave energy in Sarawak remains limited due to economic,technical,and environmental challenges that hinder its implementation.Compared to other renewable energy sources,wave energy is underutilized largely because of cost uncertainties and the lack of local performance data.This research aims to identify themost suitable coastal zone in Sarawak that achieves an optimal balance between energy potential,cost-effectiveness,and environmental impact,particularly in relation to infrastructure and regional development.The findings indicate that wave energy generation in Sarawak is technically feasible based on MOGA analysis.Among the studied sites,Bintulu emerged as the most balanced option,with a levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)of 0.778–0.864 USD/kWh and a CO_(2) emission factor as low as 0.019–0.020 CO_(2)/k Wh.Miri,while producing lower emissions than Sematan,recorded a higher LCOE of 1.045 USD/kWh with moderate emissions at 0.029 CO_(2)/kWh.Sematan,characterized by weaker wave conditions and higher installation penalties,resulted in the least favorable outcome,with an LCOE of 3.735 USD/kWh.Bintulu’s strategic location reduces CAPEX requirements,making it the most suitable site for large-scale wave energy deployment in Sarawak.
