This study describes the gradient analysis of the freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages in eight streams of Tenerife and La Gomera (Canary Islands) over a 16-year period. During this period, a total of 75 taxa belo...This study describes the gradient analysis of the freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages in eight streams of Tenerife and La Gomera (Canary Islands) over a 16-year period. During this period, a total of 75 taxa belonging to 34 taxonomic families were found. Endemism has an important presence in the streams on both islands, especially regarding Trichoptera and Coleoptera. The overall status of freshwater macroinvertebrates is rather uncertain as recent data on these communities are scarce and focused on a limited number of sites. Overexploitation of aquifers and the diversion of natural water flows for irrigation have resulted in the drying up of numerous natural streams, inevitably endangering the fauna that inhabits them. A reduction in number and abundance of endemic and sensitive species was observed in the majority of the sampled streams resulting in a lower ecological rating. Therefore, it is proposed that the protection of streams of high conservation value is essential to conserve freshwater macroinvertebrate fauna native to the Canary Islands.展开更多
The variation in temperature on the island of Gran Canaria is studied using the method applied to the nearby island of Tenerife [1]. An upward warming trend of 0.09°C ± 0.05°C (α = 0.01) was seen from ...The variation in temperature on the island of Gran Canaria is studied using the method applied to the nearby island of Tenerife [1]. An upward warming trend of 0.09°C ± 0.05°C (α = 0.01) was seen from 1946 to date, which has accelerated since the seventies to 0.17°C ± 0.10°C (α = 0.01). The increase was higher at night (0.11°C ± 0.05°C) than by day (0.08°C ± 0.06°C), so the temperature range decreased slightly. These values are similar to those of Tenerife and the time series of anomalies for the two islands are highly correlated. On the coast the same relationship to the sea surface temperature was found as in Tenerife, but in the mid-altitude areas to windward, some differences were detected that are hypothetically attributable to the different relief of the two islands.展开更多
Laurel forests are quite relevant for biodiversity conservation and are among the island ecosystems most severely damaged by human activities.In the past,Canary laurel forests have been greatly altered by logging,live...Laurel forests are quite relevant for biodiversity conservation and are among the island ecosystems most severely damaged by human activities.In the past,Canary laurel forests have been greatly altered by logging,livestock and agriculture.The remains of laurel forests are currently protected in the Canary Islands(Spain).However,we miss basic information needed for their restoration and adaptive management,such as tree longevity,growth potential and responsiveness to natural and anthropogenic disturbances.Using dendrochronological methods,we studied how forest dynamic is related to land-use change and windstorms in two well-preserved laurel forests on Tenerife Island.Wood cores were collected from over 80 trees per stand at three stands per forest.We used ring-width series to estimate tree ages and calculate annual basal area increments(BAI),cumulative diameter increases,and changes indicative of released and suppressed growth.Twelve tree species were found in all stands,with Laurus novocanariensis,Ilex canariensis and Morella faya being the most common species.Although some individuals were over 100 years old,61.8%-88.9% of the trees per stand established between 1940 and 1970,coinciding with a post-war period of land abandonment,rural exodus and the onset of a tourism economy.Some trees have shown growth rates larger than 1 cm diameter per year and most species have had increasing BAI trends over the past decades.Strong growth releases occurred after windstorms at both sites,but the effects of windstorms were site-dependent,with the 1958 storm affecting mainly the eastern tip of the island(Anaga massif)and the 1991 storm the western tip(Teno massif).Given the great ability of laurel forest trees to establish after land use cessation and to increase growth after local disturbances such as windstorms,passive restoration may be sufficient to regenerate this habitat in currently degraded areas.展开更多
This study contributes with the first data on physical and taxonomical structure of macrofaunal assemblages of maerl beds from the Canary Islands. Maerl beds and Cymodocea nodosa meadows of the Canary Islands are cons...This study contributes with the first data on physical and taxonomical structure of macrofaunal assemblages of maerl beds from the Canary Islands. Maerl beds and Cymodocea nodosa meadows of the Canary Islands are considered biodiversity hot-spots in terms of taxonomic and functional biodiversity with a broad geographical and depth ranges. The authors have studied the structure of the macrofaunal assemblages on different habitat types （Cymodocea, Caulerpa, sabellid field, garden eel and maerl beds）. Samples were taken at a range of depths between 14 and 46 m. Correlations were performed among abiotic variables （granulometry, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphates） and the most abundant taxa. Similarity analysis was performed to explore the patchiness of seabeds at a local scale. Significant differences were found in macrofaunal assemblages among seabed types, with highest abundances and lowest biodiversity in sabellid fields, where the sabellid Bispira viola dominated. The polychaetes Aponuphis bilineata and Chone filicauda and the mollusc Turritella brochii were the most abundant taxa on maerl beds. The mosaic of granulometric conditions would explain the associated macroinfaunal community structure and contribute to the creation of diversity on these relatively well preserved seabeds at a local scale.展开更多
A shallow subtidal （3 m deep） meiofaunal assemblage in Los Abrigos Bay, Tenerife, Canary Islands was sam- pled during May 2000-April 2001. The main aims were to （1） find temporal variations in meiofaunal assem- bl...A shallow subtidal （3 m deep） meiofaunal assemblage in Los Abrigos Bay, Tenerife, Canary Islands was sam- pled during May 2000-April 2001. The main aims were to （1） find temporal variations in meiofaunal assem- blage structure and overall abundance, as well as in the most abundant meiofaunal species throughout the study period, and （2） identify environmental variables （sedimentary composition, organic matter content, and total nitrogen） that better explain meiofaunal assemblage structure during the study year. The most abundant species were the nematodes Siphonolaimus sp. 2 and Catanema sp., which represented 46.2% of the overall meiofaunal abundances and varied significantly throughout the study duration. Overall meio- faunal abundance and the most abundant taxonomic groups （nematodes, copepods, and oligochaetes） showed significant temporal variations during the study period. Nematodes overwhelmingly dominated during the study period, ranging from 78% in May to 97.34% in February. Multivariate analyses showed seasonality in meiofaunal community structure during the study year, with the lowest abundances in May. Keywords： Meiofauna, assemblage structure, subtidal, Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean展开更多
Hydrocarbon exploration that recently took place in the Canary Islands has triggered a controversy over the compatibility between these activities and tourism. Such exploration was strongly rejected by the region, whi...Hydrocarbon exploration that recently took place in the Canary Islands has triggered a controversy over the compatibility between these activities and tourism. Such exploration was strongly rejected by the region, while being supported by the Spanish government. Many environmental and economic impacts of hydrocarbon extraction were explored, except the fiscal revenues, which represent the main benefit for the producing economies. In this paper, the author addresses this missing piece in the controversy, namely, the assessment of fiscal revenues from hydrocarbons for the Canary Islands. To evaluate these revenues, the author estimates an oilfield production profile, constructs oil and gas price scenarios, and considers the new Spanish tax on hydrocarbons. The estimates are also placed in the socio-economic context of the archipelago. The results show less than overwhelming annual fiscal revenues, below 0.7% of GDP, 10.4% of current public transfers to the region, and 5% of current public spending in 2015. These revenues could be welcome, as the region lags behind the rest of the nation in living standards. However, these benefits from exhaustible resources must be compared to the potential damage to the tourism sector, which has been a long-standing economic driving force for the archipelago.展开更多
A wide northeast-trending belt of intraplate alkaline volcanism,exhibiting similar geochemical characteristics,stretches from the Eastern Atlantic Ocean to the Cenozoic rift system in Europe.Its formation is associate...A wide northeast-trending belt of intraplate alkaline volcanism,exhibiting similar geochemical characteristics,stretches from the Eastern Atlantic Ocean to the Cenozoic rift system in Europe.Its formation is associated with both passive and active mechanisms,but it remains a source of ongoing debate among geoscientists.Here,we show that seismic whole-mantle tomography models consistently identify two extensive low-velocity anomalies beneath the Canary Islands(CEAA)and Western-Central Europe(ECRA)at mid-mantle depths,merging near the core-mantle boundary.These low-velocity features are interpreted as two connected broad plumes originating from the top of the African LLSVP,likely feeding diapir-like upwellings in the upper mantle.The CEAA rises vertically,whereas the ECRA is tilted and dissipates at mantle transition zone depths,possibly due to the interaction with the cold Alpine subducted slab,which hinders its continuity at shallower depths.While plate-boundary forces are considered the primary drivers of rifting,the hypothesis that deep mantle plumes play a role in generating volcanic activity provides a compelling explanation for the European rift-related alkaline volcanism,supported by geological,geophysical,and geochemical evidence.展开更多
Rising consumer concerns with synthetic drugs to treat non-communicable diseases(NCDs)have promoted a shift towards using natural biological active constituents that offer similar health benefits.Hairless canary seed(...Rising consumer concerns with synthetic drugs to treat non-communicable diseases(NCDs)have promoted a shift towards using natural biological active constituents that offer similar health benefits.Hairless canary seed(Phalaris canariensis L)is an emerging crop traditionally used in Mexico to treat NCDs.Peptides liberated during simulated digestion of canary seed protein are believed to be responsible for their biological activity;however,no studies have shown the effect of controlled protein hydrolysis using commercial proteases on canary seed protein’s biological activity.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the in vitro antihypertensive,antidiabetic,and anti-obesity activity of canary seed peptides derived from proteolysis with Alcalase®.Protein fractions were primarily composed of prolamins(54.07±1.8%),glutelins(32.19±3.18%),globulins(5.97±0.52%)and albumins(5.97±0.52%).The<3 kDa and 3–10 kDa peptide fractions showed the highest inhibition capacity(p<0.05)towards angiotensin-converting enzyme(IC50=0.028–0.032 mg/mL)lipase(IC50=2.15–2.27 mg/mL),α-glucosidase(IC50=0.82–1.15 mg/mL),and dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV(IC50=1.27–1.60 mg/mL).Additionally,these peptide fractions showed high antioxidant activity against DPPH(134.22–150.66μmol TE/mg)and ABTS(520.92–813.33μmol TE/mg).These results provide an insight into the potential development of functional foods using commercial enzymatic hydrolysis of canary seed proteins for treating hypertension,type-2 diabetes,and obesity.展开更多
Upper mantle earthquakes are usually associated with plate boundary tectonics, but rarely occur beneath intracontinental orogenic belts. In the Moroccan Atlas Mountains, earthquakes determined at subcrustal depths are...Upper mantle earthquakes are usually associated with plate boundary tectonics, but rarely occur beneath intracontinental orogenic belts. In the Moroccan Atlas Mountains, earthquakes determined at subcrustal depths are a controversial topic because they are few in number compared to subduction zones and are not related to plate boundary tectonics. A recent increase of broadband stations in Morocco has revealed numerous events below the Atlas belts, thought to occur from the upper mantle. Using additional available stations, these Atlas events were relocated and new epicenter resolutions were acquired following rigorous depth and RMS error criteria. 309 events were reprocessed and epicenter depths obtained were between 31 and 240 km during the last 23 years. Temporal variations of High Atlas events appear to be continually dipping while Anti Atlas events show no temporal variation trends. In addition, a recent strong event M6.8 occurred in September 2023 at the transition crust-uppermost mantle followed by several aftershocks which have been relocated at uppermost mantle depths. These events support delamination model under the High-Middle Atlas which could flow southward beneath the Anti Atlas lithosphere, and explain the large variation observed in lithosphere thickness between the High-Middle Atlas, and the Anti Atlas. Subcrustal events beneath the Atlas may be related to upper mantle earthquakes beneath the neighboring Canary Islands which have experienced recent swarms and eruptions. This possible correlation cannot be excluded since descending and ascending material is necessary for a regional geodynamic balance.展开更多
海洋水声环境时空变化显著,评估其对主动声纳探测效能的影响具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。提出HMG方法用以评估水声环境效应对主动声纳探测的影响。采用UMPE(The university of miami parabolic equation)、CANARY、JACKSON模型模拟...海洋水声环境时空变化显著,评估其对主动声纳探测效能的影响具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。提出HMG方法用以评估水声环境效应对主动声纳探测的影响。采用UMPE(The university of miami parabolic equation)、CANARY、JACKSON模型模拟特定海洋环境下的传播损失、环境噪声、混响分布,将模拟结果融入主动声纳检测概率模型,计算检测概率。评估结果发现近场检测概率较高,远场可检测的区域与声能汇聚区一致。展开更多
Inbreeding negatively affects various life-history traits, with inbred individuals typically having lower fit- ness than outbred individuals （=inbreeding depression）. Inbreeding depression is often emphasized under ...Inbreeding negatively affects various life-history traits, with inbred individuals typically having lower fit- ness than outbred individuals （=inbreeding depression）. Inbreeding depression is often emphasized under environmental stress, but the underlying mechanisms and potential long-lasting consequences of such inbreeding-environment interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that inbreeding-environment interactions that occur early in life have long-term physiological effects, in partic- ular on the adult oxidative balance. We applied a unique experimental design to manipulate early life conditions of inbred and outbred songbirds （Serinus canaria） that allowed us to separate prenatal and postnatal components of early life conditions and their respective importance in inbreeding-environment interactions. We measured a wide variety of markers of oxidative status in adulthood, resulting in a com- prehensive account for oxidative balance. Using a Bayesian approach with Markov chain Monte Carlo, we found clear sex-specific effects and we also found only in females small yet significant long-term effects of inbreeding-environment interactions on adult oxidative balance. Postnatal components of early life conditions were most persuasively reflected on adult oxidative balance, with inbred females that experienced disadvantageous postnatal conditions upregulating enzymatic antioxidants in adulthood. Our study provides some evidence that adult oxidative balance can reflect inbreeding-environment inter- actions early in life, but given the rather small effects that were limited to females, we conclude that oxida- tive stress miaht have a limited role as mechanism underlvina inhre.e.dina-envirnnme.nt inte.raetinn.q_展开更多
The specific spatial distribution and habitat association--strongly influenced by environmental fac- tors or competitive interactions--are major issues in ecology and conservation. We located and georeferenced nesting...The specific spatial distribution and habitat association--strongly influenced by environmental fac- tors or competitive interactions--are major issues in ecology and conservation. We located and georeferenced nesting sites of five cliff-nesting raptors （Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus [a locally extinct species], common buzzard Buteo buteo, osprey Pandion haliaetus, common kes- trel Falco tinnunculus, Barbary falcon Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides）, and common raven Corvus corax on one of the most biodiverse hotspot within the Canary Islands （Teno, Tenerife）. We used generalized linear models to evaluate the factors affecting abundance, richness, and intra- and interspecific interactions. Raptor abundance increased with slope, shrub-covered area, and habitat diversity, and decreased with altitude, and forested and grassed areas. Richness increased with slope and decreased with altitude. Threatened species （osprey, Barbary falcon, and raven） occu- pied cliffs farther away from houses and roads, and more rugged areas than the non-threatened species. The models suggested that the probability of cliff occupation by buzzards, falcons, and rav- ens depended only on inter-specific interactions. Buzzard occupation increased with the distance to the nearest raven and kestrel nests, whereas falcons and ravens seek proximity to each other. Teno holds between 75% and 100% of the insular breeding populations of the most endangered species （osprey and raven）, indicating the high conservation value of this area. Our study suggests that the preservation of rugged terrains and areas of low human pressure are key factors for raptor conservation and provide basic knowledge on the community structure and habitat associations to develop appropriated management actions for these fragile island populations.展开更多
Objective:To investigate clinical,pathological and mycological findings in canaries,in which pox lesions and Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)infection were observed simultaneously.Methods:This study was performed on...Objective:To investigate clinical,pathological and mycological findings in canaries,in which pox lesions and Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)infection were observed simultaneously.Methods:This study was performed on a breeding colony(about 100 canaries)affected by fatal wasting disease.Necropsy was undertaken on 10 severely affected canaries,and gross lesions were recorded.Samples from internal organs displaying lesions were obtained for histopathological evaluation.Tracheal swap samples of internal organs of the all infected animals with lesions at necropsy were cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar for mycological examination.Results:At necropsy,caseous foci were determined in the lungs,on the air sacs,liver,spleen,heart.Swelling of the eyelids,diffuse hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissue with small papular lesions of the skin were other typical necropsy findings.Histopathologically,pathognomonic eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies,which called Bollinger bodies,in both skin cells and vacuolated air way epithelial cells confirmed canary pox infection.Moreover,histopathological examination of the white-yellowish caseous foci revealed necrotic granulomatous reaction consisting of macrophages,heterophil leukocytes and giant cells encapsulated with a fibrous tissue.After the culture of the tissue samples,the formation of bluish green colonies confirmed A.fumigatus infection.Conclusions:Canary pox has been known as the disease that can result in high losses in a short time,as a re-emerging disease that has not been present during recent years in canary flocks in Iran.So,the current paper provides useful information to prevent misdiagnosed of canary pox disease which can cause secondary mycotic infection.展开更多
文摘This study describes the gradient analysis of the freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages in eight streams of Tenerife and La Gomera (Canary Islands) over a 16-year period. During this period, a total of 75 taxa belonging to 34 taxonomic families were found. Endemism has an important presence in the streams on both islands, especially regarding Trichoptera and Coleoptera. The overall status of freshwater macroinvertebrates is rather uncertain as recent data on these communities are scarce and focused on a limited number of sites. Overexploitation of aquifers and the diversion of natural water flows for irrigation have resulted in the drying up of numerous natural streams, inevitably endangering the fauna that inhabits them. A reduction in number and abundance of endemic and sensitive species was observed in the majority of the sampled streams resulting in a lower ecological rating. Therefore, it is proposed that the protection of streams of high conservation value is essential to conserve freshwater macroinvertebrate fauna native to the Canary Islands.
文摘The variation in temperature on the island of Gran Canaria is studied using the method applied to the nearby island of Tenerife [1]. An upward warming trend of 0.09°C ± 0.05°C (α = 0.01) was seen from 1946 to date, which has accelerated since the seventies to 0.17°C ± 0.10°C (α = 0.01). The increase was higher at night (0.11°C ± 0.05°C) than by day (0.08°C ± 0.06°C), so the temperature range decreased slightly. These values are similar to those of Tenerife and the time series of anomalies for the two islands are highly correlated. On the coast the same relationship to the sea surface temperature was found as in Tenerife, but in the mid-altitude areas to windward, some differences were detected that are hypothetically attributable to the different relief of the two islands.
基金funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in projects LAUREL(PID2019-109906RA-I00)and PROWARM(PID2020-118444GA-100)the Consejería de Educaci on of the Junta de Castilla y Le on in projects VA113G19 and IR2020-1-UVA08+7 种基金the project“CLU-2019-01-iu FOR Institute Unit of Excellence”of the University of Valladolidsupported by Universidad de Valladolid Predoctoral Contract(113-2019PREUVA22)funded by the Junta de Castilla y Le onco-funded by the European Union(ERDF“Europe drives our growth”)supported by a Postdoctoral grant(IJC2019-040571-I)funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033supported by an FPI Predoctoral Contract(PRE2018-084106)funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and by“ESF Investing in your future”supported by PID2019-106908RAI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 from Spanish MICINN and the CR2project FONDAP-ANID 1522A0001(Chile)supported by the Comunidad de Madrid project REMEDINAL TE-CM(S2018/EMT-4338)。
文摘Laurel forests are quite relevant for biodiversity conservation and are among the island ecosystems most severely damaged by human activities.In the past,Canary laurel forests have been greatly altered by logging,livestock and agriculture.The remains of laurel forests are currently protected in the Canary Islands(Spain).However,we miss basic information needed for their restoration and adaptive management,such as tree longevity,growth potential and responsiveness to natural and anthropogenic disturbances.Using dendrochronological methods,we studied how forest dynamic is related to land-use change and windstorms in two well-preserved laurel forests on Tenerife Island.Wood cores were collected from over 80 trees per stand at three stands per forest.We used ring-width series to estimate tree ages and calculate annual basal area increments(BAI),cumulative diameter increases,and changes indicative of released and suppressed growth.Twelve tree species were found in all stands,with Laurus novocanariensis,Ilex canariensis and Morella faya being the most common species.Although some individuals were over 100 years old,61.8%-88.9% of the trees per stand established between 1940 and 1970,coinciding with a post-war period of land abandonment,rural exodus and the onset of a tourism economy.Some trees have shown growth rates larger than 1 cm diameter per year and most species have had increasing BAI trends over the past decades.Strong growth releases occurred after windstorms at both sites,but the effects of windstorms were site-dependent,with the 1958 storm affecting mainly the eastern tip of the island(Anaga massif)and the 1991 storm the western tip(Teno massif).Given the great ability of laurel forest trees to establish after land use cessation and to increase growth after local disturbances such as windstorms,passive restoration may be sufficient to regenerate this habitat in currently degraded areas.
文摘This study contributes with the first data on physical and taxonomical structure of macrofaunal assemblages of maerl beds from the Canary Islands. Maerl beds and Cymodocea nodosa meadows of the Canary Islands are considered biodiversity hot-spots in terms of taxonomic and functional biodiversity with a broad geographical and depth ranges. The authors have studied the structure of the macrofaunal assemblages on different habitat types （Cymodocea, Caulerpa, sabellid field, garden eel and maerl beds）. Samples were taken at a range of depths between 14 and 46 m. Correlations were performed among abiotic variables （granulometry, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphates） and the most abundant taxa. Similarity analysis was performed to explore the patchiness of seabeds at a local scale. Significant differences were found in macrofaunal assemblages among seabed types, with highest abundances and lowest biodiversity in sabellid fields, where the sabellid Bispira viola dominated. The polychaetes Aponuphis bilineata and Chone filicauda and the mollusc Turritella brochii were the most abundant taxa on maerl beds. The mosaic of granulometric conditions would explain the associated macroinfaunal community structure and contribute to the creation of diversity on these relatively well preserved seabeds at a local scale.
文摘A shallow subtidal （3 m deep） meiofaunal assemblage in Los Abrigos Bay, Tenerife, Canary Islands was sam- pled during May 2000-April 2001. The main aims were to （1） find temporal variations in meiofaunal assem- blage structure and overall abundance, as well as in the most abundant meiofaunal species throughout the study period, and （2） identify environmental variables （sedimentary composition, organic matter content, and total nitrogen） that better explain meiofaunal assemblage structure during the study year. The most abundant species were the nematodes Siphonolaimus sp. 2 and Catanema sp., which represented 46.2% of the overall meiofaunal abundances and varied significantly throughout the study duration. Overall meio- faunal abundance and the most abundant taxonomic groups （nematodes, copepods, and oligochaetes） showed significant temporal variations during the study period. Nematodes overwhelmingly dominated during the study period, ranging from 78% in May to 97.34% in February. Multivariate analyses showed seasonality in meiofaunal community structure during the study year, with the lowest abundances in May. Keywords： Meiofauna, assemblage structure, subtidal, Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean
文摘Hydrocarbon exploration that recently took place in the Canary Islands has triggered a controversy over the compatibility between these activities and tourism. Such exploration was strongly rejected by the region, while being supported by the Spanish government. Many environmental and economic impacts of hydrocarbon extraction were explored, except the fiscal revenues, which represent the main benefit for the producing economies. In this paper, the author addresses this missing piece in the controversy, namely, the assessment of fiscal revenues from hydrocarbons for the Canary Islands. To evaluate these revenues, the author estimates an oilfield production profile, constructs oil and gas price scenarios, and considers the new Spanish tax on hydrocarbons. The estimates are also placed in the socio-economic context of the archipelago. The results show less than overwhelming annual fiscal revenues, below 0.7% of GDP, 10.4% of current public transfers to the region, and 5% of current public spending in 2015. These revenues could be welcome, as the region lags behind the rest of the nation in living standards. However, these benefits from exhaustible resources must be compared to the potential damage to the tourism sector, which has been a long-standing economic driving force for the archipelago.
基金supported by grant D86-RALMI23CIVIE_01 awarded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research under the Program for Young Researchers“Rita Levi Montalcini”.
文摘A wide northeast-trending belt of intraplate alkaline volcanism,exhibiting similar geochemical characteristics,stretches from the Eastern Atlantic Ocean to the Cenozoic rift system in Europe.Its formation is associated with both passive and active mechanisms,but it remains a source of ongoing debate among geoscientists.Here,we show that seismic whole-mantle tomography models consistently identify two extensive low-velocity anomalies beneath the Canary Islands(CEAA)and Western-Central Europe(ECRA)at mid-mantle depths,merging near the core-mantle boundary.These low-velocity features are interpreted as two connected broad plumes originating from the top of the African LLSVP,likely feeding diapir-like upwellings in the upper mantle.The CEAA rises vertically,whereas the ECRA is tilted and dissipates at mantle transition zone depths,possibly due to the interaction with the cold Alpine subducted slab,which hinders its continuity at shallower depths.While plate-boundary forces are considered the primary drivers of rifting,the hypothesis that deep mantle plumes play a role in generating volcanic activity provides a compelling explanation for the European rift-related alkaline volcanism,supported by geological,geophysical,and geochemical evidence.
基金supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Hatch Act formula funds project 1019794.
文摘Rising consumer concerns with synthetic drugs to treat non-communicable diseases(NCDs)have promoted a shift towards using natural biological active constituents that offer similar health benefits.Hairless canary seed(Phalaris canariensis L)is an emerging crop traditionally used in Mexico to treat NCDs.Peptides liberated during simulated digestion of canary seed protein are believed to be responsible for their biological activity;however,no studies have shown the effect of controlled protein hydrolysis using commercial proteases on canary seed protein’s biological activity.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the in vitro antihypertensive,antidiabetic,and anti-obesity activity of canary seed peptides derived from proteolysis with Alcalase®.Protein fractions were primarily composed of prolamins(54.07±1.8%),glutelins(32.19±3.18%),globulins(5.97±0.52%)and albumins(5.97±0.52%).The<3 kDa and 3–10 kDa peptide fractions showed the highest inhibition capacity(p<0.05)towards angiotensin-converting enzyme(IC50=0.028–0.032 mg/mL)lipase(IC50=2.15–2.27 mg/mL),α-glucosidase(IC50=0.82–1.15 mg/mL),and dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV(IC50=1.27–1.60 mg/mL).Additionally,these peptide fractions showed high antioxidant activity against DPPH(134.22–150.66μmol TE/mg)and ABTS(520.92–813.33μmol TE/mg).These results provide an insight into the potential development of functional foods using commercial enzymatic hydrolysis of canary seed proteins for treating hypertension,type-2 diabetes,and obesity.
文摘Upper mantle earthquakes are usually associated with plate boundary tectonics, but rarely occur beneath intracontinental orogenic belts. In the Moroccan Atlas Mountains, earthquakes determined at subcrustal depths are a controversial topic because they are few in number compared to subduction zones and are not related to plate boundary tectonics. A recent increase of broadband stations in Morocco has revealed numerous events below the Atlas belts, thought to occur from the upper mantle. Using additional available stations, these Atlas events were relocated and new epicenter resolutions were acquired following rigorous depth and RMS error criteria. 309 events were reprocessed and epicenter depths obtained were between 31 and 240 km during the last 23 years. Temporal variations of High Atlas events appear to be continually dipping while Anti Atlas events show no temporal variation trends. In addition, a recent strong event M6.8 occurred in September 2023 at the transition crust-uppermost mantle followed by several aftershocks which have been relocated at uppermost mantle depths. These events support delamination model under the High-Middle Atlas which could flow southward beneath the Anti Atlas lithosphere, and explain the large variation observed in lithosphere thickness between the High-Middle Atlas, and the Anti Atlas. Subcrustal events beneath the Atlas may be related to upper mantle earthquakes beneath the neighboring Canary Islands which have experienced recent swarms and eruptions. This possible correlation cannot be excluded since descending and ascending material is necessary for a regional geodynamic balance.
文摘海洋水声环境时空变化显著,评估其对主动声纳探测效能的影响具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。提出HMG方法用以评估水声环境效应对主动声纳探测的影响。采用UMPE(The university of miami parabolic equation)、CANARY、JACKSON模型模拟特定海洋环境下的传播损失、环境噪声、混响分布,将模拟结果融入主动声纳检测概率模型,计算检测概率。评估结果发现近场检测概率较高,远场可检测的区域与声能汇聚区一致。
文摘Inbreeding negatively affects various life-history traits, with inbred individuals typically having lower fit- ness than outbred individuals （=inbreeding depression）. Inbreeding depression is often emphasized under environmental stress, but the underlying mechanisms and potential long-lasting consequences of such inbreeding-environment interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that inbreeding-environment interactions that occur early in life have long-term physiological effects, in partic- ular on the adult oxidative balance. We applied a unique experimental design to manipulate early life conditions of inbred and outbred songbirds （Serinus canaria） that allowed us to separate prenatal and postnatal components of early life conditions and their respective importance in inbreeding-environment interactions. We measured a wide variety of markers of oxidative status in adulthood, resulting in a com- prehensive account for oxidative balance. Using a Bayesian approach with Markov chain Monte Carlo, we found clear sex-specific effects and we also found only in females small yet significant long-term effects of inbreeding-environment interactions on adult oxidative balance. Postnatal components of early life conditions were most persuasively reflected on adult oxidative balance, with inbred females that experienced disadvantageous postnatal conditions upregulating enzymatic antioxidants in adulthood. Our study provides some evidence that adult oxidative balance can reflect inbreeding-environment inter- actions early in life, but given the rather small effects that were limited to females, we conclude that oxida- tive stress miaht have a limited role as mechanism underlvina inhre.e.dina-envirnnme.nt inte.raetinn.q_
文摘The specific spatial distribution and habitat association--strongly influenced by environmental fac- tors or competitive interactions--are major issues in ecology and conservation. We located and georeferenced nesting sites of five cliff-nesting raptors （Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus [a locally extinct species], common buzzard Buteo buteo, osprey Pandion haliaetus, common kes- trel Falco tinnunculus, Barbary falcon Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides）, and common raven Corvus corax on one of the most biodiverse hotspot within the Canary Islands （Teno, Tenerife）. We used generalized linear models to evaluate the factors affecting abundance, richness, and intra- and interspecific interactions. Raptor abundance increased with slope, shrub-covered area, and habitat diversity, and decreased with altitude, and forested and grassed areas. Richness increased with slope and decreased with altitude. Threatened species （osprey, Barbary falcon, and raven） occu- pied cliffs farther away from houses and roads, and more rugged areas than the non-threatened species. The models suggested that the probability of cliff occupation by buzzards, falcons, and rav- ens depended only on inter-specific interactions. Buzzard occupation increased with the distance to the nearest raven and kestrel nests, whereas falcons and ravens seek proximity to each other. Teno holds between 75% and 100% of the insular breeding populations of the most endangered species （osprey and raven）, indicating the high conservation value of this area. Our study suggests that the preservation of rugged terrains and areas of low human pressure are key factors for raptor conservation and provide basic knowledge on the community structure and habitat associations to develop appropriated management actions for these fragile island populations.
基金Supported by a grant for Scientific Research from Vice Chancellorof Research of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.Iran(Grant No.MP/342/41)
文摘Objective:To investigate clinical,pathological and mycological findings in canaries,in which pox lesions and Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)infection were observed simultaneously.Methods:This study was performed on a breeding colony(about 100 canaries)affected by fatal wasting disease.Necropsy was undertaken on 10 severely affected canaries,and gross lesions were recorded.Samples from internal organs displaying lesions were obtained for histopathological evaluation.Tracheal swap samples of internal organs of the all infected animals with lesions at necropsy were cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar for mycological examination.Results:At necropsy,caseous foci were determined in the lungs,on the air sacs,liver,spleen,heart.Swelling of the eyelids,diffuse hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissue with small papular lesions of the skin were other typical necropsy findings.Histopathologically,pathognomonic eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies,which called Bollinger bodies,in both skin cells and vacuolated air way epithelial cells confirmed canary pox infection.Moreover,histopathological examination of the white-yellowish caseous foci revealed necrotic granulomatous reaction consisting of macrophages,heterophil leukocytes and giant cells encapsulated with a fibrous tissue.After the culture of the tissue samples,the formation of bluish green colonies confirmed A.fumigatus infection.Conclusions:Canary pox has been known as the disease that can result in high losses in a short time,as a re-emerging disease that has not been present during recent years in canary flocks in Iran.So,the current paper provides useful information to prevent misdiagnosed of canary pox disease which can cause secondary mycotic infection.
