The globin superfamily,central to oxygen(O_(2))cascade dynamics,exemplifies how canalization—evolutionary stabilization of phenotypic traits—enables vertebrates to thrive in extreme environments.In birds,hemoglobins...The globin superfamily,central to oxygen(O_(2))cascade dynamics,exemplifies how canalization—evolutionary stabilization of phenotypic traits—enables vertebrates to thrive in extreme environments.In birds,hemoglobins(Hbs)serve as a paradigm of this process,with structural and functional canalization underpinning their exceptional aerobic capacity and elevational diversification.Despite significant advances of globins in our understanding of avian aerobic adaptation,a comprehensive synthesis of functional diversity,molecular evolution,and structural innovation is essential to fully elucidate their canalized roles in O_(2)homeostasis.Integrating perspectives on globin functional diversity and structural evolution,this review examines how chance(mutation/fixation biases)and contingency(historical genetic/epistatic constraints)shape Hb divergence and parallelism,thereby bridging molecular mechanisms with physiological adaptation in birds.We highlight how avian Hbs,canalized through compensatory substitutions and allosteric regulation,achieves a balance between evolutionary robustness and adaptive plasticity.However,critical gaps remain persist:the roles of understudied globins(e.g.,neuroglobin,globin E)and the mechanisms of genetic assimilation in migratory taxa.We propose an integrative framework that incorporates ecological divergence(elevation,flight endurance),phylogenetic timescales,and systems biology to unravel how canalization directs adaptive compromise.By focusing on birds within the amniotes,this synthesis advances a cohesive model for vertebrate evolution,wherein canalized globins reconcile metabolic precision with ecological innovation.Ultimately,this review refines hypotheses of O_(2)cascade evolution and calls for cross-disciplinary studies to decode the genetic and physiological architecture underlying adaptive canalization in extreme environments.展开更多
The famous British developmental biologist Waddington proposed the concept of“Canalization”in 1942[1],which generalized the robustness of living systems in the face of internal gene mutation and external environment...The famous British developmental biologist Waddington proposed the concept of“Canalization”in 1942[1],which generalized the robustness of living systems in the face of internal gene mutation and external environmental stress,it can buffer various endogenous and exogenous perturbations and maintain the homeostasis of the phenotype.For an extended period,this phenomenon has been overlooked as mere genetic redundancy within the field of biomolecular genetics research,and the underlying molecular mechanisms have largely remained uninvestigated.Developmental robustness is a core characteristic of organisms that respond to extreme environmental stress.One such mechanism is the protein-folding chaperone,the heat shock protein 90(Hsp90),which helps to protect against cellular stress.Hsp90 is an ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone that protects intracellular protein homeostasis,buffers perturbations during protein folding,alleviates the effects of harmful mutations,and conceals certain mutant phenotypes.However,this buffering capacity may be compromised by protein-toxic stressors,and Hsp90 mutations could either enhance or diminish genetic canalization in a genotype-dependent manner.Recently,the research team led by Georgios Ioannis Karras at the University of Texas recently published a breakthrough study in the journal Science,which focused on and analyzed the mechanism of Hsp90 in the biological canalization process[2](Fig.1).展开更多
Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate a...Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system,instrument-related factors,and instrumentation techniques.Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning,shaping,and obturation of the root canal,posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes.Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible,it carries risks including perforation,excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures.Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors,meticulous preoperative assessment,and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty.The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes.The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes,risk factors,and clinical management principles of instrument separation.By integrating effective strategies,endodontists can enhance decision-making,improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.展开更多
Various chemical irrigants and drugs have been employed for intra-canal disinfection in root canal therapy(RCT).However,due to the complexity of root canal anatomy,many drugs still exhibit poor penetrability and antib...Various chemical irrigants and drugs have been employed for intra-canal disinfection in root canal therapy(RCT).However,due to the complexity of root canal anatomy,many drugs still exhibit poor penetrability and antibiotic resistance,leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes.Thus,it is challenging to remove the organic biofilms from root canals.In recent years,light-responsive therapy,with deeper tissue penetration than traditional treatments,has emerged as an effective RCT modality.Herein,this review summarizes the recent development of light-responsive nanomaterials for biofilm removal in RCT.The light-responsive nanomaterials and the corresponding therapeutic methods in RCT,including photodynamic therapy(PDT),photothermal therapy(PTT),and laser-activated therapy,are highlighted.Finally,the challenges that light-responsive nanomaterials and treatment modalities will encounter to conquer the biofilm in future RCT are discussed.This review is believed to significantly accelerate the future development of light-responsive nanomaterials for RCT from bench to bedside.展开更多
BACKGROUND Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis,often triggered by dental issues like periapical periodontitis,significantly contributes to chronic sinusitis,mainly affecting adults around 50 years old,emphasizing the need...BACKGROUND Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis,often triggered by dental issues like periapical periodontitis,significantly contributes to chronic sinusitis,mainly affecting adults around 50 years old,emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment approach.AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect and clinical value of root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery compared with simple root canal the-rapy in the treatment of severe odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by peria-pical periodontitis.METHODS The clinical data,diagnosis,and treatment of 200 patients with severe odonto-genic maxillary sinusitis caused by periapical periodontitis from October 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.Among them,63 patients were treated with simple root canal therapy as the control group,and 137 patients were treated with root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery as the observation group.The therapeutic effect,Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score,paranasal sinus Lund-Mackay score,complication rate,recurrence rate,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS First,we compared the effective rates:23 cases were cured,22 were improved,and 8 were ineffective in the control group,yielding a total effective rate of 84.90%.Meanwhile,97 cases were cured,34 improved,and 6 were ineffective in the observation group,resulting in a total effective rate of 95.62%.The observation group had a higher total effective rate compared with the control group(P<0.05).Second,we compared the Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score.Before treatment,no significant difference(P>0.05)was observed in this score between the two groups.After treatment,the Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score decreased in both groups.The Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score of the observation group at 3 and 6 mo after treatment was lower compared to that of the control group(P<0.05).Third,we compared the Lund–Mackay score of paranasal sinuses.Before treatment,there was no significant difference in this score between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the Lund–Mackay scores of paranasal sinuses decreased in both groups.The Lund–Mackay scores of paranasal sinuses in the observation group at 3 and 6 mo after treatment were lower compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).Fourth,we compared the incidence and recurrence rate of complications.Three months after treatment,no significant difference was found in the incidence and recurrence rate of complications between the observation group(6.56%)and the control group(9.52%)(P>0.05).However,6 mo after treatment,the incidence and recurrence rate of complications in the observation group(2.91%)was significantly higher compared to that of the control group(12.69%)(P<0.05).Fifth,we compared patient satisfaction.Six months after treatment,the patient satisfaction of the observation group(93.43%)was significantly better than that of the control group(84.12%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery has a good therapeutic effect on severe odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by periapical periodontitis,and it can reduce the injury of maxillary sinus mucosa and bone,and significantly reduce the incidence of complications and recurrence rate.Meanwhile,it has high patient satisfaction and remarkable therapeutic effect,which is suggested to be popularized and applied in clinic.展开更多
[Objective]The channel straightening project of the Pinglu Canal has fragmented the river course,compromising the integrity of original river course and causing ecosystem patchiness.Understanding the current status of...[Objective]The channel straightening project of the Pinglu Canal has fragmented the river course,compromising the integrity of original river course and causing ecosystem patchiness.Understanding the current status of fish resources and the characteristics of their diversity is crucial for the ecological management of the Pinglu Canal.[Methods]During the spring and autumn in 2021 and 2022,a survey of fish resources and species diversity in the Pinglu Canal was conducted using multi-mesh gill nets.A total of 125 fish species were collected,belonging to 10 orders,34 families,and 89 genera.[Results]The result showed that the Pinglu Canal contained three nationally protected Class II species,two endemic species of the Qinjiang River,three anadromous/migratory species,and eight invasive species,accounting for 2.4%,1.6%,2.4%,and 6.4%of the total species,respectively.The fish community primarily consisted of mid-and bottom-dwelling,adhesive-egg-laying,and omnivorous species.The Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,Margalef,and Pielou indices of the fish community in the Pinglu Canal ranged from 2.347 to 2.757,0.081 to 0.151,3.493 to 4.382,and 0.812 to 0.892,respectively.These indices showed relatively uniform distribution across different river reaches.[Conclusion]The result indicate that the fish community structure in the Pinglu Canal is relatively uniform.The reach from the Yujiang River to the Shaping River shows higher stability,while other river reaches experience moderate or severe disturbances.This study provides supplementary baseline data on the fish community structure in the Pinglu Canal and explores the potential impact of inter-basin connectivity on fish resources,aiming to provide a scientific basis for habitat restoration assessments after the channel straightening project.展开更多
Agroup of young representatives and scholars from more than 10 foreign countries had great fun collecting water samples from the Grand Canal in Sanwan Park,Yangzhou City,east China’s Jiangsu Province,on June 3,2025.T...Agroup of young representatives and scholars from more than 10 foreign countries had great fun collecting water samples from the Grand Canal in Sanwan Park,Yangzhou City,east China’s Jiangsu Province,on June 3,2025.The samples were poured into a“pot of civilization,”which symbolized the integration of cultures.In addition to the canal,the young people also visited places such as Yangzhou University,China Grand Canal Museum,and the Slender West Lake,learning the culture of the Grand Canal and the canal city of Yangzhou.展开更多
1 Suzhou's ancient gardens and canals have long drawn visitors,but for 10 young people from around the world,the city offered more than just postcard views—it was a place to experience,not just to see.
To the editor:The superior semicircular canal dehiscence was first described by Minor et all in 1998 as a condition in which the superior semicircular canal lacks a bony covering and has gained constantly increasing i...To the editor:The superior semicircular canal dehiscence was first described by Minor et all in 1998 as a condition in which the superior semicircular canal lacks a bony covering and has gained constantly increasing interest since its discovery.2 The symptoms are varied but specific what is known as Minor syndrome or‘third mobile window’syndrome,'as patients may experience autophony with abnormally loud sounds like footsteps,chewing,breathing,eye movement,echoing voice,distortion of environmental sounds and pulsatile tinnitus.展开更多
A human semicircular canal(HSC)with“cupulolithiasis”(HSCC)causes abnormal perception and vertigo.Based on 3D printing technology and target tracking technology,models of a visualized bionic semicircular canal with c...A human semicircular canal(HSC)with“cupulolithiasis”(HSCC)causes abnormal perception and vertigo.Based on 3D printing technology and target tracking technology,models of a visualized bionic semicircular canal with cupulolithiasis(BSCC)were generated.The model,with careful scaling parameters,similar biomechanical responses to the vestibular-ocular reflex(VOR),and a similarly long time constant to the HSC,allows us to study the mechanics of the HSCC.The static experiments revealed that the bionic cupula of the BSCC continued to shift due to the effect of the gravity of the otolith after rotation stopped.The frequency broadband experiment indicated that the gain of the BSCC decreased as the phase difference increased,and the increase in otolith mass aggravated this trend.BSCCs can be used as a bionic model to study the pathology of human semicircular canal-related diseases and may promote the development of treatments.展开更多
There are at least 4,828 kilometers of waterways in Britain.On these canals and rivers,there are over 30,000 houseboats-boats that people use as homes.Around 10,000 of them are located in London.These houseboat commun...There are at least 4,828 kilometers of waterways in Britain.On these canals and rivers,there are over 30,000 houseboats-boats that people use as homes.Around 10,000 of them are located in London.These houseboat communities offer a special lifestyle that attracts many people.People here enjoy the simple and quiet days,far from the noisy city.展开更多
BACKGROUND The question of whether a colonoscopist should evaluate anal diseases is relevant.Endoscopists need to be aware of the possibility of anal neoplasms during a colonoscopy,as they can be easily overlooked if ...BACKGROUND The question of whether a colonoscopist should evaluate anal diseases is relevant.Endoscopists need to be aware of the possibility of anal neoplasms during a colonoscopy,as they can be easily overlooked if not properly examined.Specifically,one must clarify the responsibility of the colonoscopist in the diagnosis of anal neoplasms.Anal cancer is relatively rare,accounting for less than 2%of all cases annually.Owing to its rarity,population screening for anal cancer is not indicated,and monitoring is limited to high-risk groups.However,the number of anal cancer cases in high-risk groups has increased over the past four decades worldwide.AIM To assess the results of anal examinations performed during routine colonoscopy and emphasize the importance of diagnosing anal neoplasms.METHODS This was a retrospective study of 16836 patients who were screened by colonoscopy and received a detailed anal examination by videoanoscopy between 2006 and 2024.Among several other findings,the presence of anal neoplasms and suspicious anal cancer lesions was observed.All examinations,including complete anal examination,inspection,digital rectal examination,and videoanoscopy,were performed,and images were recorded and reported.The examinations were individually viewed by the work group,and the findings were analyzed.RESULTS Among the 22676 colonoscopies performed,16836 patients were identified,and 88 lesions suspected of neoplasia(0.52%)were found.Among them,there were 23 cases of neoplasia(0.13%),9 cases of confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal(0.05%),5 cases of adenocarcinoma in the anal canal(0.03%),3 cases of rare neoplasms(0.01%),and 6 cases of adenoma(0.03%).CONCLUSION The systematic performance of anal examinations and anoscopy during routine colonoscopy allows the identification of numerous anal diseases,including incidental cases of anal cancer.展开更多
This study took the Beijing Tongzhou Grand Canal as a case to investigate and evaluate the core section of the Tongzhou Grand Canal.It assessed the historical,artistic,and scientific values embedded in the spatial ent...This study took the Beijing Tongzhou Grand Canal as a case to investigate and evaluate the core section of the Tongzhou Grand Canal.It assessed the historical,artistic,and scientific values embedded in the spatial entity of this cultural heritage and its surrounding environment,as well as the level of its presentation and interpretation.The study culminated in an evaluation of how effectively the heritage values of the Beijing Tongzhou Grand Canal’s spatial heritage are demonstrated.Ultimately,it aimed to provide recommendations and references for the protection and refinement of related cultural heritage spaces,ensuring that the cultural legacy of the Grand Canal’s grain transport system remains enduring and vibrant through time and space.展开更多
The North Crimean Canal is a watercourse originating from the Kakhovka Reservoir and flowing into the Crimean Peninsula.The canal is an important source of drinking water supply and is also used to irrigate agricultur...The North Crimean Canal is a watercourse originating from the Kakhovka Reservoir and flowing into the Crimean Peninsula.The canal is an important source of drinking water supply and is also used to irrigate agricultural lands and fillfish farms.Due to its location,in recent years its functioning has not been stable,and the processes occurring along the canal have been poorly studied.In this study,we determined the content(with a safety assessment),features of spatial and seasonal distribution,and potential sources of hydrocarbons in the water of the North Crimean Canal,Crimea.During the study period(from March to November 2023)in the primary canal,the content of aliphatic hydrocarbons did not exceed sanitary standards(0.05 mg·L^(-1)).Their increased concentrations in the secondary canals could be associated with the input of organic substances into the canal water as it moves across the Crimean Peninsula.The composition of n-alkanes had temporal and spatial variability.In the period from spring to autumn,the content of autochthonous compounds decreased sharply.The share of allochthonous compounds increased as a consequence of the natural processes.The analysis of biogeochemical markers showed that autochthonous compounds produced by phytoplankton predominated in the spring–summer period.Subsequently,they had less importance,and the main share was accounted for allochthonous n-alkanes.展开更多
探寻无锡清名桥,围绕“运河之眼”体验江南独特的历史和文化神韵。Wuxi is one of the cities hosting the sub-venues(分会场)of the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala.As the main filming location,the"Eye of the Canal"de...探寻无锡清名桥,围绕“运河之眼”体验江南独特的历史和文化神韵。Wuxi is one of the cities hosting the sub-venues(分会场)of the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala.As the main filming location,the"Eye of the Canal"demonstrated(展示)its unique charm.In early spring,my parents and I revisited the"Eye of the Canal".展开更多
Objective:This study aims to develop an assessment tool for postoperative wound healing in adult patients with benign anal canal and rectal diseases and to validate its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on Levine...Objective:This study aims to develop an assessment tool for postoperative wound healing in adult patients with benign anal canal and rectal diseases and to validate its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on Levine’s Conservation Model as the theoretical framework,an item pool was formed through literature review,and the initial draft of the scale was refined through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation.A total of 200 postoperative patients were selected for item analysis,internal consistency testing,content validity,and structural validity analysis.Results:The final tool comprises four dimensions:energy conservation,structural integrity,personal integrity,and social integrity,with a total of 24 items.It demonstrates good content validity(I-CVI 0.82-1.00,S-CVI/Ave 0.95,S-CVI/UA 0.87)and excellent internal consistency(Cronbach’sαfor the overall scale was 0.934).Exploratory factor analysis revealed a KMO value of 0.931,Bartlett’s test of sphericityχ^(2)=4147.853(p<0.001),and four common factors were extracted,accounting for a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.345%,indicating ideal structural validity.Conclusion:The results indicate that the assessment tool has good reliability and validity and can systematically evaluate postoperative wound healing,providing a scientific basis for clinical individualized nursing interventions.展开更多
The Suez Canal is a unique sea-level waterway between northern Africa and southern Asia that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea via the Isthmus of Suez. The canal’s artificial navigation route substantiall...The Suez Canal is a unique sea-level waterway between northern Africa and southern Asia that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea via the Isthmus of Suez. The canal’s artificial navigation route substantially reduced the sailing distance between countries in Europe and East Asia and offered a more direct route between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean through the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. The primary objective of this study is to document the historical, economical, and environmental impacts of connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea via a canal. After the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869 the canal became an economically lifeline for Egypt. However, the economic gains were partially offset by negative environmental impacts. The impact of port activities on the environment depends on their cargo volume and location, seaports can have an impact on the air quality and therefore on the health of the communities along the Suez Canal. The salinity barrier to migration was removed and animals and plants from the Red Sea began colonizing the eastern Mediterranean. Since the 1880s, species from the Indo-Pacific Ocean have been introduced, via the canal, into the Mediterranean ecosystem. They are endangering some local and endemic species and impacting the ecology. The results showed significant changes in the shoreline and land cover due to climate change and anthropogenic activities that necessitate the implementation of adequate protective measures. The findings of this study may assist policymakers in formulating adaptation plans to protect this crucial area, the communities along the Suez Canal and the Red Sea and Mediterranean ports, from climate change and human activities.展开更多
BACKGROUND The numbers of mandibular first premolar roots and root canals vary,and the incidence of three roots and three canals is 0.09%.CASE SUMMARY In this article,we review the root and root canal conditions for t...BACKGROUND The numbers of mandibular first premolar roots and root canals vary,and the incidence of three roots and three canals is 0.09%.CASE SUMMARY In this article,we review the root and root canal conditions for the mandibular first premolar and report the case of a mandibular left first premolar with three roots and three canals in a male patient,with suggestions for clinical diagnosis and treatment.The patient was referred by an orthodontist for the extraction of the tooth.Preoperative cone-beam computed tomography examination revealed that it had three roots.Under local anesthesia,the extraction socket was carefully expanded,and the tooth was successfully removed intact using forceps.The procedure was uneventful,with no root fractures,postoperative bleeding,or sensory abnormality observed.CONCLUSION The mandibular first premolar is characterized by multiple roots and canal variations that can increase the difficulty of treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early anal canal cancer is frequently treated with endoscopic submucosal dis-section(ESD)to preserve anal function.However,if the lesion is in the anal canal,then significant difficulties such as bleeding a...BACKGROUND Early anal canal cancer is frequently treated with endoscopic submucosal dis-section(ESD)to preserve anal function.However,if the lesion is in the anal canal,then significant difficulties such as bleeding and challenges associated with scope manipulation can arise.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old woman undergoing follow-up after transverse colon cancer surgery was diagnosed with anal canal cancer extending to the dentate line.The patient underwent a combination of ESD and transanal resection(TAR).The specimen was excised in pieces,which resulted in difficulty performing the pathological evaluation of the margins,especially on the anal side where TAR was performed and severe crushing was observed.Careful follow-up was performed,and local recurrence was observed 3 years postoperatively.Because the patient had super-ficial cancer without lymph node metastasis,local resection was performed again.The second treatment attempt was improved as follows:(1)TAR and ESD were performed appropriately based on the situation by the same physician;(2)A needle scalpel was used during TAR to prevent tissue crushing;and(3)The lesion borders were marked using ESD techniques before treatment.Complete resection was performed without complications.CONCLUSION Anal canal lesions can be safely and reliably removed when ESD and TAR are used appropriately.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31900313)to X.Z.the Central guide local science and technology development funds(XZ202301YD0007C)to L.Y.+1 种基金NSFC(32471572)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFC2310303)to D.L。
文摘The globin superfamily,central to oxygen(O_(2))cascade dynamics,exemplifies how canalization—evolutionary stabilization of phenotypic traits—enables vertebrates to thrive in extreme environments.In birds,hemoglobins(Hbs)serve as a paradigm of this process,with structural and functional canalization underpinning their exceptional aerobic capacity and elevational diversification.Despite significant advances of globins in our understanding of avian aerobic adaptation,a comprehensive synthesis of functional diversity,molecular evolution,and structural innovation is essential to fully elucidate their canalized roles in O_(2)homeostasis.Integrating perspectives on globin functional diversity and structural evolution,this review examines how chance(mutation/fixation biases)and contingency(historical genetic/epistatic constraints)shape Hb divergence and parallelism,thereby bridging molecular mechanisms with physiological adaptation in birds.We highlight how avian Hbs,canalized through compensatory substitutions and allosteric regulation,achieves a balance between evolutionary robustness and adaptive plasticity.However,critical gaps remain persist:the roles of understudied globins(e.g.,neuroglobin,globin E)and the mechanisms of genetic assimilation in migratory taxa.We propose an integrative framework that incorporates ecological divergence(elevation,flight endurance),phylogenetic timescales,and systems biology to unravel how canalization directs adaptive compromise.By focusing on birds within the amniotes,this synthesis advances a cohesive model for vertebrate evolution,wherein canalized globins reconcile metabolic precision with ecological innovation.Ultimately,this review refines hypotheses of O_(2)cascade evolution and calls for cross-disciplinary studies to decode the genetic and physiological architecture underlying adaptive canalization in extreme environments.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170084)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MC163)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2106200).
文摘The famous British developmental biologist Waddington proposed the concept of“Canalization”in 1942[1],which generalized the robustness of living systems in the face of internal gene mutation and external environmental stress,it can buffer various endogenous and exogenous perturbations and maintain the homeostasis of the phenotype.For an extended period,this phenomenon has been overlooked as mere genetic redundancy within the field of biomolecular genetics research,and the underlying molecular mechanisms have largely remained uninvestigated.Developmental robustness is a core characteristic of organisms that respond to extreme environmental stress.One such mechanism is the protein-folding chaperone,the heat shock protein 90(Hsp90),which helps to protect against cellular stress.Hsp90 is an ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone that protects intracellular protein homeostasis,buffers perturbations during protein folding,alleviates the effects of harmful mutations,and conceals certain mutant phenotypes.However,this buffering capacity may be compromised by protein-toxic stressors,and Hsp90 mutations could either enhance or diminish genetic canalization in a genotype-dependent manner.Recently,the research team led by Georgios Ioannis Karras at the University of Texas recently published a breakthrough study in the journal Science,which focused on and analyzed the mechanism of Hsp90 in the biological canalization process[2](Fig.1).
文摘Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system,instrument-related factors,and instrumentation techniques.Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning,shaping,and obturation of the root canal,posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes.Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible,it carries risks including perforation,excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures.Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors,meticulous preoperative assessment,and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty.The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes.The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes,risk factors,and clinical management principles of instrument separation.By integrating effective strategies,endodontists can enhance decision-making,improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200092)。
文摘Various chemical irrigants and drugs have been employed for intra-canal disinfection in root canal therapy(RCT).However,due to the complexity of root canal anatomy,many drugs still exhibit poor penetrability and antibiotic resistance,leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes.Thus,it is challenging to remove the organic biofilms from root canals.In recent years,light-responsive therapy,with deeper tissue penetration than traditional treatments,has emerged as an effective RCT modality.Herein,this review summarizes the recent development of light-responsive nanomaterials for biofilm removal in RCT.The light-responsive nanomaterials and the corresponding therapeutic methods in RCT,including photodynamic therapy(PDT),photothermal therapy(PTT),and laser-activated therapy,are highlighted.Finally,the challenges that light-responsive nanomaterials and treatment modalities will encounter to conquer the biofilm in future RCT are discussed.This review is believed to significantly accelerate the future development of light-responsive nanomaterials for RCT from bench to bedside.
文摘BACKGROUND Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis,often triggered by dental issues like periapical periodontitis,significantly contributes to chronic sinusitis,mainly affecting adults around 50 years old,emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment approach.AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect and clinical value of root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery compared with simple root canal the-rapy in the treatment of severe odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by peria-pical periodontitis.METHODS The clinical data,diagnosis,and treatment of 200 patients with severe odonto-genic maxillary sinusitis caused by periapical periodontitis from October 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.Among them,63 patients were treated with simple root canal therapy as the control group,and 137 patients were treated with root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery as the observation group.The therapeutic effect,Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score,paranasal sinus Lund-Mackay score,complication rate,recurrence rate,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS First,we compared the effective rates:23 cases were cured,22 were improved,and 8 were ineffective in the control group,yielding a total effective rate of 84.90%.Meanwhile,97 cases were cured,34 improved,and 6 were ineffective in the observation group,resulting in a total effective rate of 95.62%.The observation group had a higher total effective rate compared with the control group(P<0.05).Second,we compared the Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score.Before treatment,no significant difference(P>0.05)was observed in this score between the two groups.After treatment,the Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score decreased in both groups.The Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score of the observation group at 3 and 6 mo after treatment was lower compared to that of the control group(P<0.05).Third,we compared the Lund–Mackay score of paranasal sinuses.Before treatment,there was no significant difference in this score between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the Lund–Mackay scores of paranasal sinuses decreased in both groups.The Lund–Mackay scores of paranasal sinuses in the observation group at 3 and 6 mo after treatment were lower compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).Fourth,we compared the incidence and recurrence rate of complications.Three months after treatment,no significant difference was found in the incidence and recurrence rate of complications between the observation group(6.56%)and the control group(9.52%)(P>0.05).However,6 mo after treatment,the incidence and recurrence rate of complications in the observation group(2.91%)was significantly higher compared to that of the control group(12.69%)(P<0.05).Fifth,we compared patient satisfaction.Six months after treatment,the patient satisfaction of the observation group(93.43%)was significantly better than that of the control group(84.12%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery has a good therapeutic effect on severe odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by periapical periodontitis,and it can reduce the injury of maxillary sinus mucosa and bone,and significantly reduce the incidence of complications and recurrence rate.Meanwhile,it has high patient satisfaction and remarkable therapeutic effect,which is suggested to be popularized and applied in clinic.
文摘[Objective]The channel straightening project of the Pinglu Canal has fragmented the river course,compromising the integrity of original river course and causing ecosystem patchiness.Understanding the current status of fish resources and the characteristics of their diversity is crucial for the ecological management of the Pinglu Canal.[Methods]During the spring and autumn in 2021 and 2022,a survey of fish resources and species diversity in the Pinglu Canal was conducted using multi-mesh gill nets.A total of 125 fish species were collected,belonging to 10 orders,34 families,and 89 genera.[Results]The result showed that the Pinglu Canal contained three nationally protected Class II species,two endemic species of the Qinjiang River,three anadromous/migratory species,and eight invasive species,accounting for 2.4%,1.6%,2.4%,and 6.4%of the total species,respectively.The fish community primarily consisted of mid-and bottom-dwelling,adhesive-egg-laying,and omnivorous species.The Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,Margalef,and Pielou indices of the fish community in the Pinglu Canal ranged from 2.347 to 2.757,0.081 to 0.151,3.493 to 4.382,and 0.812 to 0.892,respectively.These indices showed relatively uniform distribution across different river reaches.[Conclusion]The result indicate that the fish community structure in the Pinglu Canal is relatively uniform.The reach from the Yujiang River to the Shaping River shows higher stability,while other river reaches experience moderate or severe disturbances.This study provides supplementary baseline data on the fish community structure in the Pinglu Canal and explores the potential impact of inter-basin connectivity on fish resources,aiming to provide a scientific basis for habitat restoration assessments after the channel straightening project.
文摘Agroup of young representatives and scholars from more than 10 foreign countries had great fun collecting water samples from the Grand Canal in Sanwan Park,Yangzhou City,east China’s Jiangsu Province,on June 3,2025.The samples were poured into a“pot of civilization,”which symbolized the integration of cultures.In addition to the canal,the young people also visited places such as Yangzhou University,China Grand Canal Museum,and the Slender West Lake,learning the culture of the Grand Canal and the canal city of Yangzhou.
文摘1 Suzhou's ancient gardens and canals have long drawn visitors,but for 10 young people from around the world,the city offered more than just postcard views—it was a place to experience,not just to see.
文摘To the editor:The superior semicircular canal dehiscence was first described by Minor et all in 1998 as a condition in which the superior semicircular canal lacks a bony covering and has gained constantly increasing interest since its discovery.2 The symptoms are varied but specific what is known as Minor syndrome or‘third mobile window’syndrome,'as patients may experience autophony with abnormally loud sounds like footsteps,chewing,breathing,eye movement,echoing voice,distortion of environmental sounds and pulsatile tinnitus.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFD2000203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51775483).
文摘A human semicircular canal(HSC)with“cupulolithiasis”(HSCC)causes abnormal perception and vertigo.Based on 3D printing technology and target tracking technology,models of a visualized bionic semicircular canal with cupulolithiasis(BSCC)were generated.The model,with careful scaling parameters,similar biomechanical responses to the vestibular-ocular reflex(VOR),and a similarly long time constant to the HSC,allows us to study the mechanics of the HSCC.The static experiments revealed that the bionic cupula of the BSCC continued to shift due to the effect of the gravity of the otolith after rotation stopped.The frequency broadband experiment indicated that the gain of the BSCC decreased as the phase difference increased,and the increase in otolith mass aggravated this trend.BSCCs can be used as a bionic model to study the pathology of human semicircular canal-related diseases and may promote the development of treatments.
文摘There are at least 4,828 kilometers of waterways in Britain.On these canals and rivers,there are over 30,000 houseboats-boats that people use as homes.Around 10,000 of them are located in London.These houseboat communities offer a special lifestyle that attracts many people.People here enjoy the simple and quiet days,far from the noisy city.
文摘BACKGROUND The question of whether a colonoscopist should evaluate anal diseases is relevant.Endoscopists need to be aware of the possibility of anal neoplasms during a colonoscopy,as they can be easily overlooked if not properly examined.Specifically,one must clarify the responsibility of the colonoscopist in the diagnosis of anal neoplasms.Anal cancer is relatively rare,accounting for less than 2%of all cases annually.Owing to its rarity,population screening for anal cancer is not indicated,and monitoring is limited to high-risk groups.However,the number of anal cancer cases in high-risk groups has increased over the past four decades worldwide.AIM To assess the results of anal examinations performed during routine colonoscopy and emphasize the importance of diagnosing anal neoplasms.METHODS This was a retrospective study of 16836 patients who were screened by colonoscopy and received a detailed anal examination by videoanoscopy between 2006 and 2024.Among several other findings,the presence of anal neoplasms and suspicious anal cancer lesions was observed.All examinations,including complete anal examination,inspection,digital rectal examination,and videoanoscopy,were performed,and images were recorded and reported.The examinations were individually viewed by the work group,and the findings were analyzed.RESULTS Among the 22676 colonoscopies performed,16836 patients were identified,and 88 lesions suspected of neoplasia(0.52%)were found.Among them,there were 23 cases of neoplasia(0.13%),9 cases of confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal(0.05%),5 cases of adenocarcinoma in the anal canal(0.03%),3 cases of rare neoplasms(0.01%),and 6 cases of adenoma(0.03%).CONCLUSION The systematic performance of anal examinations and anoscopy during routine colonoscopy allows the identification of numerous anal diseases,including incidental cases of anal cancer.
基金Sponsored by Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation(22GLC062).
文摘This study took the Beijing Tongzhou Grand Canal as a case to investigate and evaluate the core section of the Tongzhou Grand Canal.It assessed the historical,artistic,and scientific values embedded in the spatial entity of this cultural heritage and its surrounding environment,as well as the level of its presentation and interpretation.The study culminated in an evaluation of how effectively the heritage values of the Beijing Tongzhou Grand Canal’s spatial heritage are demonstrated.Ultimately,it aimed to provide recommendations and references for the protection and refinement of related cultural heritage spaces,ensuring that the cultural legacy of the Grand Canal’s grain transport system remains enduring and vibrant through time and space.
基金This work has been supported by the Russian Science FoundationProject No.23-26-00128,“The role of the North Crimean Canal irrigation system in the processes of transfer of long-lived radionuclides of the Chernobyl origin,heavy metals,as well as hydrocarbons with the Dnieper water to the irrigated farmlands of Crimea”。
文摘The North Crimean Canal is a watercourse originating from the Kakhovka Reservoir and flowing into the Crimean Peninsula.The canal is an important source of drinking water supply and is also used to irrigate agricultural lands and fillfish farms.Due to its location,in recent years its functioning has not been stable,and the processes occurring along the canal have been poorly studied.In this study,we determined the content(with a safety assessment),features of spatial and seasonal distribution,and potential sources of hydrocarbons in the water of the North Crimean Canal,Crimea.During the study period(from March to November 2023)in the primary canal,the content of aliphatic hydrocarbons did not exceed sanitary standards(0.05 mg·L^(-1)).Their increased concentrations in the secondary canals could be associated with the input of organic substances into the canal water as it moves across the Crimean Peninsula.The composition of n-alkanes had temporal and spatial variability.In the period from spring to autumn,the content of autochthonous compounds decreased sharply.The share of allochthonous compounds increased as a consequence of the natural processes.The analysis of biogeochemical markers showed that autochthonous compounds produced by phytoplankton predominated in the spring–summer period.Subsequently,they had less importance,and the main share was accounted for allochthonous n-alkanes.
文摘探寻无锡清名桥,围绕“运河之眼”体验江南独特的历史和文化神韵。Wuxi is one of the cities hosting the sub-venues(分会场)of the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala.As the main filming location,the"Eye of the Canal"demonstrated(展示)its unique charm.In early spring,my parents and I revisited the"Eye of the Canal".
基金Sichuan Provincial Nursing Research Project of the Sichuan Nursing Association in 2023(Project No.:H23028)。
文摘Objective:This study aims to develop an assessment tool for postoperative wound healing in adult patients with benign anal canal and rectal diseases and to validate its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on Levine’s Conservation Model as the theoretical framework,an item pool was formed through literature review,and the initial draft of the scale was refined through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation.A total of 200 postoperative patients were selected for item analysis,internal consistency testing,content validity,and structural validity analysis.Results:The final tool comprises four dimensions:energy conservation,structural integrity,personal integrity,and social integrity,with a total of 24 items.It demonstrates good content validity(I-CVI 0.82-1.00,S-CVI/Ave 0.95,S-CVI/UA 0.87)and excellent internal consistency(Cronbach’sαfor the overall scale was 0.934).Exploratory factor analysis revealed a KMO value of 0.931,Bartlett’s test of sphericityχ^(2)=4147.853(p<0.001),and four common factors were extracted,accounting for a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.345%,indicating ideal structural validity.Conclusion:The results indicate that the assessment tool has good reliability and validity and can systematically evaluate postoperative wound healing,providing a scientific basis for clinical individualized nursing interventions.
文摘The Suez Canal is a unique sea-level waterway between northern Africa and southern Asia that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea via the Isthmus of Suez. The canal’s artificial navigation route substantially reduced the sailing distance between countries in Europe and East Asia and offered a more direct route between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean through the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. The primary objective of this study is to document the historical, economical, and environmental impacts of connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea via a canal. After the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869 the canal became an economically lifeline for Egypt. However, the economic gains were partially offset by negative environmental impacts. The impact of port activities on the environment depends on their cargo volume and location, seaports can have an impact on the air quality and therefore on the health of the communities along the Suez Canal. The salinity barrier to migration was removed and animals and plants from the Red Sea began colonizing the eastern Mediterranean. Since the 1880s, species from the Indo-Pacific Ocean have been introduced, via the canal, into the Mediterranean ecosystem. They are endangering some local and endemic species and impacting the ecology. The results showed significant changes in the shoreline and land cover due to climate change and anthropogenic activities that necessitate the implementation of adequate protective measures. The findings of this study may assist policymakers in formulating adaptation plans to protect this crucial area, the communities along the Suez Canal and the Red Sea and Mediterranean ports, from climate change and human activities.
文摘BACKGROUND The numbers of mandibular first premolar roots and root canals vary,and the incidence of three roots and three canals is 0.09%.CASE SUMMARY In this article,we review the root and root canal conditions for the mandibular first premolar and report the case of a mandibular left first premolar with three roots and three canals in a male patient,with suggestions for clinical diagnosis and treatment.The patient was referred by an orthodontist for the extraction of the tooth.Preoperative cone-beam computed tomography examination revealed that it had three roots.Under local anesthesia,the extraction socket was carefully expanded,and the tooth was successfully removed intact using forceps.The procedure was uneventful,with no root fractures,postoperative bleeding,or sensory abnormality observed.CONCLUSION The mandibular first premolar is characterized by multiple roots and canal variations that can increase the difficulty of treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Early anal canal cancer is frequently treated with endoscopic submucosal dis-section(ESD)to preserve anal function.However,if the lesion is in the anal canal,then significant difficulties such as bleeding and challenges associated with scope manipulation can arise.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old woman undergoing follow-up after transverse colon cancer surgery was diagnosed with anal canal cancer extending to the dentate line.The patient underwent a combination of ESD and transanal resection(TAR).The specimen was excised in pieces,which resulted in difficulty performing the pathological evaluation of the margins,especially on the anal side where TAR was performed and severe crushing was observed.Careful follow-up was performed,and local recurrence was observed 3 years postoperatively.Because the patient had super-ficial cancer without lymph node metastasis,local resection was performed again.The second treatment attempt was improved as follows:(1)TAR and ESD were performed appropriately based on the situation by the same physician;(2)A needle scalpel was used during TAR to prevent tissue crushing;and(3)The lesion borders were marked using ESD techniques before treatment.Complete resection was performed without complications.CONCLUSION Anal canal lesions can be safely and reliably removed when ESD and TAR are used appropriately.
