目前各个国家开发使用的空气质量模型各不相同,但使用较普遍的是CAMx(Comprehensive Air Quality Model Extensions)模型和CMAQ(Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System)模型。通过介绍第三代空气质量模型中的CAMx模型及其...目前各个国家开发使用的空气质量模型各不相同,但使用较普遍的是CAMx(Comprehensive Air Quality Model Extensions)模型和CMAQ(Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System)模型。通过介绍第三代空气质量模型中的CAMx模型及其扩展和探测工具,分析CAMx模型在不同污染物中的应用及研究者对该模型性能的验证,以期为模型选用者提供更多的参考。通过对比,认为该模型能够较好地同时模拟多种污染物以及进行多尺度的大气污染预报,同时还兼具了颗粒物源识别技术(PSAT)和臭氧源识别技术(OSAT),能够很好地追踪示踪物质,快速、准确地模拟出示踪物质对目标区域的污染物贡献。展开更多
Ozone pollution over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in October 2004 has been simulated using the regional air quality models Models-3/CMAQ and CAMx. The results from both models were evaluated and compared with the obser...Ozone pollution over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in October 2004 has been simulated using the regional air quality models Models-3/CMAQ and CAMx. The results from both models were evaluated and compared with the observed concentrations from 12 monitoring stations. By integrated process rate analysis, the influences of different physical and chemical processes were quantified, and the causes of the deviations between the two models were investigated. Both CMAQ and CAMx repro- duced the magnitudes and variations of ozone at most stations over the PRD. The correlation coefficients (R) between the sim- ulated results and monitoring data were 0.73 for CMAQ and 0.74 for CAMx. The normalized mean bias (NMB) for CMAQ and CAMx over the 12 sites was ?8.5% and 8.8% on average, respectively. The normalized mean error (NME) for CMAQ and CAMx was 36.7% and 37.9%, respectively. The correlation between the results of two models was very high (R = 0.92), and their simulated ozone spatial distributions exhibited common features. But the values obtained using CMAQ simulation were about 17% lower than those obtained using CAMx on average. The results of simulations using the two models were not identical in certain regions, or for different types of monitoring stations. The differences in dry deposition, reaction parameters and vertical transport near the Pearl River Estuary can account for the discrepancies in the results obtained using the two models. In the upwind areas, the discrepancy in the boundary concentration of the finest nest was the main cause of the higher values obtained using CAMx compared with those obtained using CMAQ. There is a need for CAMx to provide more choices of dry deposition algo- rithms. Improvement of the calculation methods for photolysis rates would also improve the ozone simulation of CMAQ.展开更多
文摘目前各个国家开发使用的空气质量模型各不相同,但使用较普遍的是CAMx(Comprehensive Air Quality Model Extensions)模型和CMAQ(Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System)模型。通过介绍第三代空气质量模型中的CAMx模型及其扩展和探测工具,分析CAMx模型在不同污染物中的应用及研究者对该模型性能的验证,以期为模型选用者提供更多的参考。通过对比,认为该模型能够较好地同时模拟多种污染物以及进行多尺度的大气污染预报,同时还兼具了颗粒物源识别技术(PSAT)和臭氧源识别技术(OSAT),能够很好地追踪示踪物质,快速、准确地模拟出示踪物质对目标区域的污染物贡献。
基金supported by theNational High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006AA06A306 & 2006AA06A308)a special fund of the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Controlthe European Commission Framework Program 7 Project CityZen (212095)
文摘Ozone pollution over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in October 2004 has been simulated using the regional air quality models Models-3/CMAQ and CAMx. The results from both models were evaluated and compared with the observed concentrations from 12 monitoring stations. By integrated process rate analysis, the influences of different physical and chemical processes were quantified, and the causes of the deviations between the two models were investigated. Both CMAQ and CAMx repro- duced the magnitudes and variations of ozone at most stations over the PRD. The correlation coefficients (R) between the sim- ulated results and monitoring data were 0.73 for CMAQ and 0.74 for CAMx. The normalized mean bias (NMB) for CMAQ and CAMx over the 12 sites was ?8.5% and 8.8% on average, respectively. The normalized mean error (NME) for CMAQ and CAMx was 36.7% and 37.9%, respectively. The correlation between the results of two models was very high (R = 0.92), and their simulated ozone spatial distributions exhibited common features. But the values obtained using CMAQ simulation were about 17% lower than those obtained using CAMx on average. The results of simulations using the two models were not identical in certain regions, or for different types of monitoring stations. The differences in dry deposition, reaction parameters and vertical transport near the Pearl River Estuary can account for the discrepancies in the results obtained using the two models. In the upwind areas, the discrepancy in the boundary concentration of the finest nest was the main cause of the higher values obtained using CAMx compared with those obtained using CMAQ. There is a need for CAMx to provide more choices of dry deposition algo- rithms. Improvement of the calculation methods for photolysis rates would also improve the ozone simulation of CMAQ.
