A rudimentary aspect of human life is the health of an individual,and most commonly the wellbeing is impacted in a colossal manner through the consumption of food. The intake of calories therefore is a crucial aspect ...A rudimentary aspect of human life is the health of an individual,and most commonly the wellbeing is impacted in a colossal manner through the consumption of food. The intake of calories therefore is a crucial aspect that must be meticulously monitored. Various health gremlins can be largely circumvented when there is a substantial balance in the number of calories ingested versus the quantity of calories expended.The food calorie estimation is a popular domain of research in recent times and is meticulously analyzed through various image processing and machine learning techniques. However,the need to scrutinize and evaluate the calorie estimation through various platforms and algorithmic approaches aids in providing a deeper insight on the bottlenecks involved,and in improvising the bariatric health of an individual. This paper pivots on comprehending a juxtaposed approach of food calorie estimation through the use of employing Convolution Neural Network(CNN)incorporated in Internet of Things(IoT),and using the Django framework in Python,along with query rule-based training to analyze the subsequent actions to be followed post the consumption of food calories in the constructed webpage. The comparative analysis of the food calorie estimate implemented in both platforms is analyzed for the swiftness of identification,error rate and classification accuracy to appropriately determine the optimal method of use. The simulation results for IoT are carried out using the Raspberry Pi4B model,while the Anaconda prompt is used to run the server holding the web page.展开更多
Healthcare is an important issue,and obesity has become one of the main causes of health problems.Therefore,reasonable and healthy diet has entered the public agenda,and low calories have become an important choice fo...Healthcare is an important issue,and obesity has become one of the main causes of health problems.Therefore,reasonable and healthy diet has entered the public agenda,and low calories have become an important choice for consumers.Low-calorie snack brands are emerging in endlessly at the top of the market.This article analyzes the packaging effect of low-calorie snacks,and uses emotional design to analyze the psychological impact of low-calorie package design on points of purchase.Emphasis is placed on the design of colors,cultural codes,and layout to analyze and discuss the emotional and behavioral responses of consumers,considering the interplay between visual packaging and emotional responses.Finally,by analyzing the effect of low-calorie snack packaging,this study emphasizes the empathy contained in the design,and summarizes the necessity of its emotional design and how to promote the innovation and development of low-calorie brands.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effects of the modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction(加味苓桂术甘汤) combined with short-term very low calorie diets(VLCDs) on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) p...Objective:To evaluate the effects of the modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction(加味苓桂术甘汤) combined with short-term very low calorie diets(VLCDs) on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients.Methods:A total of 20 subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM were treated with the modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction(one-month administration) combined with short-term VLCDs(5 days),and 3-months follow-up.A standard 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test(OGTT) indexes fasting plasma glucose(FPG),post-prandial 0.5 h and 2 h plasma glucose(P0.5hPG,P2hPG),glycated hemoglobin A1C(GHbA1C),body weight,body mass index(BMI),insulin function,insulin resistance index,incidence of hypoglycemia,and the liver and renal functions were evaluated before and after treatment.Correlations of BMI with insulin function and insulin resistance were also assessed.Results:After the treatment,the patients' plasma glucose decreased steadily,FPG decreased from 5.8±0.9 mmol/L at pre-treatment to 5.0±0.6 mmol/L at 3-months follow-up(P<0.05),and P2hPG decreased from 11.7±3.8 mmol/L at pre-treatment to 6.9±0.9 mmol/L at 3-months follow-up(P<0.01).The level of GHbA1C declined from(6.47±1.24)% at pre-treatment to(6.14±0.99)% at 3-months follow-up(P<0.01).Body weight and BMI also declined significantly.Insulin resistance index was improved obviously and no event of hypoglycemia occurred.Part of the patients companied with fatty liver had a transient increase in hepatic transaminase during the treatment,but it turned to normal after the treatment.Conclusions:The modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction combined with short-term VLCDs can be safely implemented for steady glycemic control in newly diagnosed T2DM patients.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To observe the protective effects of modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction combined with short-term very low calorie diets(VLCDs) on cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance(...OBJECTIVE:To observe the protective effects of modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction combined with short-term very low calorie diets(VLCDs) on cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).METHODS:Eighty-five obese patients with IGT of spleen hypofunction and dampness accumulation type were randomly divided into treated group(n=45)and control group(n=40).The treated group was given Linggui Zhugan Decoction combined short-term VLCDs.The control group was given basic weight-reduction treatment.The total course was 6 months.Changes of fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting insulin(FINS),lipid metabolism,blood pressure,body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC) were observed,and the outcomes were reviewed after the treatment.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the levels of FPG,2hPG,HbA1c,FINS,HOMA-IR decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the indexes of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),BMI and WC were improved significantly(P<0.05) in the treated group.The transformation rate of normal glucose tolerance(NGT) was higher in treatment group than control group(P<0.01).No severe adverse reaction was found in the therapeutic course.CONCLUSION:The modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction combined with short-term VLCDs has good protective effects on cardiovascular risk factors as a treatment intervention for IGT with obesity,as it could improve glycometabolism,significantly decrease the levels of blood pressure,blood lipids,BMI,WC and effectively cut-off and reverse the development of diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Food deprivation can rescue obesity and overweight-induced mood disorders,and promote mood performance in normal subjects.Animal studies and clinical research have revealed the antidepressant-like effect of calorie re...Food deprivation can rescue obesity and overweight-induced mood disorders,and promote mood performance in normal subjects.Animal studies and clinical research have revealed the antidepressant-like effect of calorie restriction,but little is known about the mechanism of calorie restriction-induced mood modification.Previous studies have found that astrocytes modulate depressive-like behaviors.Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2(IP3R2)is the predominant isoform in mediating astrocyte Ca2+signals and its genetic knockout mice are widely used to study astrocyte function in vivo.In this study,we showed that deletion of IP3R2 blocked the antidepressant-like effect induced by calorie restriction.In vivo microdialysis experiments demonstrated that calorie restriction induced an increase in ATP level in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)in naïve mice but this effect disappeared in IP3R2-knockout mice,suggesting a role of astrocytic ATP in the calorie restriction-induced antidepressant effect.Further experiments showed that systemic administration and local infusion of ATP into the mPFC induced an antidepressant effect,whereas decreasing ATP by Apyrase in the mPFC blocked calorie restriction-induced antidepressant regulation.Together,these findings support a role for astrocytic ATP in the antidepressant–like effect caused by calorie restriction.展开更多
National surveys have shown that over 80% of adults do not know their recommended calorie levels. Lack of knowledge about calorie needs could be contributing to the high prevalence of obesity in the US. Young adulthoo...National surveys have shown that over 80% of adults do not know their recommended calorie levels. Lack of knowledge about calorie needs could be contributing to the high prevalence of obesity in the US. Young adulthood is a crucial period for the development of dietary behaviors that continue into later adulthood and influence the risk of obesity and chronic disease. This study examined university students’ knowledge of their recommended calorie needs. Subjects (N = 153) were students at Texas Tech University in Fall 2010. Students were given a survey to assess perceived daily calorie need (PDCN) and perceived daily calorie intake (PDCI). Their recommended daily calorie needs (RDCN) and actual calorie intakes (ACI) were determined using MyPyramid.gov. PDCN, PDCI, RDCN, and ACI were compared to determine students’ ability to accurately estimate and consume recommended daily calorie levels. The range of their PDCN was 120 kcal to 10,000 kcal. Only 19.7% of students estimated their RDCN accurately. There were significant differences between PDCN and RDCN (t [152] = ?3.223, P = 0.002);PDCI and ACI (t [114] = 3.246, P = 0.002);and ACI and RDCN (t [114] = ?5.6, P = 0.000). Nearly 40% of these university students were overweight. BMI had a significant effect (P = 0.001) on students’ estimation of their RDCN as students with underweight/normal BMI were more accurate. Nutrition education programs focused on calorie needs should be implemented with university students so they will be able to effectively use calorie information on food labels and menus for weight management.展开更多
Background The aggravating trend of aging population has brought us with great medical challenges. Calorie restriction （CR） has various beneficial effects on health, including lifespan prolongation and functional im...Background The aggravating trend of aging population has brought us with great medical challenges. Calorie restriction （CR） has various beneficial effects on health, including lifespan prolongation and functional im- provement of multiple organisms. SIRT6, a member of the Sirtuin family of NAD^＋-dependent histone deacetylases, has been shown to play a key role in mediating the effects of CR. Aim Here we show how CR-triggered SIRT6-de- pendent pathways affect aging and the critical role of SIRT6 on inflammation. Methods 24-month-old mice were fed under ad libitum （AL） or CR condition for 6 months to determine the effects of CR. In addition, we took low glucose （LG） cultured WI38 human fibroblasts as a model to mimic CR in vitro. Further more, we stably overex- pressed or knockdown SIRT6 in WI38 to identify the role of SIRT6 in cell senescence and inflammation. Results Aged mice with CR had improved renal pathology and enhanced SIRT6 expression compared with AL group. In ad- dition, compared with normal glucose （NG） group, LG group had prolonged lifespan and increased expression of SIRT6. Furthermore, increased SA-β-gal positive cells were observed in SIRT6-deficient cells while the overexpres- sion of SIRT6 could delay the replicative senescence effectively. NF-KB was involved in the SIRT6 mediated lon- gevity control. SIRT6 overexpressed WI38 had low translocate rate of NF-KB into the nucleus and SIRT6 could at- tenuate the NF-KB signaling by deacetylating the RelA subunit of NF-KB complex. Conclusion In this study, we show that CR prevents age-dependent renal insufficiency by up-regulation of SIRT6. CR-triggered SIRT6 activation suppresses NF-KB signaling via preventing nuclear translocation of NF-KB. Here we identified the beneficial effects of CR on renal aging and determined the crucial role of SIRT6 on CR-mediated lifespan extension.展开更多
Objective:To explore the combinatorial effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)and calorie restriction on activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),a transcription factor involved in the antiox...Objective:To explore the combinatorial effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)and calorie restriction on activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),a transcription factor involved in the antioxidant defense system of aged rats.Methods:Aged male Wistar rats were calorie-restricted and treated with EGCG orally for 45 days.The initial body weight of aged rats was recorded,and the final body weight was measured at the end of the experimental period.Serum lipid and lipoprotein status,oxidative stress markers such as free radicals and malondialdehyde levels,and reduced glutathione were assessed.In addition,RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses were performed.Results:Calorie restriction potentiated the effect of EGCG on enhancing antioxidant status,improving the levels of serum lipid and lipoproteins,upregulating Nrf2 and Bcl2,and downregulating Keap1,cullin3,Bax and cytochrome c in aged rats.Conclusions:Calorie restriction can promote EGCG-mediated Nrf2 activation in aged rats.This preliminary finding paves the way for a combinatory approach to replenishing the antioxidant status during aging,thereby reducing the risk for age-associated degenerative diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND The scientific literature provides evidence that nutritional ketosis can be an important support in the treatment of pathologies in which inflammation is present,as recent studies have shown that ketone bod...BACKGROUND The scientific literature provides evidence that nutritional ketosis can be an important support in the treatment of pathologies in which inflammation is present,as recent studies have shown that ketone bodies have anti-inflammatory activity in numerous diseases,including rheumatic diseases.We report the case of a 22-year-old woman with class I obesity and juvenile idiopathic arthritis who started treatment with a very low calorie ketogenic diet(VLCKD).CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 22-year-old woman diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis at age 4 years and with a body mass index(BMI)of 30.8 kg/m2,waist circumference(WC)80 cm,fat mass(FM)28.1 kg,free FM 45.7 kg,and visceral adipose tissue(VAT)3.5 kg,assessed on bioimpedance analysis.She was treated using a commercial VLCKD weight-loss program(PNK®method);this program provides high-biological-value protein preparations and natural foods.Each protein preparation contains 15 g protein,4 g carbohydrate,3 g fat,and 50 mg omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid,with an energy content of 90–120 kcal.After four months on the program,the BMI was 28.6 kg/m2,WC 73 cm,FM 23.2 kg,free FM 41.9 kg,and VAT 2.9 kg.CONCLUSION VLCKD enabled the patient to reach her target weight and to reduce her joint pain and headaches.Laboratory inflammatory indices also normalized.展开更多
Product sampling is an important part of food retailing promotion. We explore how food sampling affects individuals’ total caloric estimates of a consumption episode. In a field study, at a small self-serve frozen yo...Product sampling is an important part of food retailing promotion. We explore how food sampling affects individuals’ total caloric estimates of a consumption episode. In a field study, at a small self-serve frozen yogurt store, 144 participants were randomly assigned to either a control or samples’ condition. Analysis of variance showed that individuals who had no or one sample overestimated the number of calories they were consuming, while those who had two or more samples underestimated their caloric intake.展开更多
Background. The effects of physical exercises combined with a low-calorie diet on weight loss, body composition, lipoproteins profile, and physical fitness had been well described. However, Central Africa’s studies i...Background. The effects of physical exercises combined with a low-calorie diet on weight loss, body composition, lipoproteins profile, and physical fitness had been well described. However, Central Africa’s studies investigating these kinds of diets and exercise regimens are lacking. Objective. To investigate the effects of adding 14-weeks exercises to a hypocaloric diet on changes in body composition, lipoproteins concentrations, and physical capacities in obese Congolese women. Population and Methods. In total, 34 obese women aged 30 - 39 years (mean age: 33.7 ± 2.4 years) assigned to 14-weeks training program and low energy ketogenic diet. Body composition was assessed using classic methods and impedancemetry. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting serum insulin were assessing using enzymatic colorimetric and radioim-munoradiometric methods. HOMA-IR and lipoproteins concentrations were assessed using standardized laboratory methods. VO2peak was measured on a treadmill during a progressive exercise test. Speed, cadence and stride length were measured along the 10-m level walkway. Muscular endurance was measured using the tests of sit-up and inflections-extensions of elbows. All the variables of the study were assessed at the beginning, in the 7-weeks, and in the 14-weeks of training methods. Results. Declines in body weight (16%), percent fat (12.1%), fat weight (26.4%), abdominal fat (34.2%), and waist circumference (10.4%) were found. A significant decrease in FPG (13%), fasting serum insulin (60.9%), HOMA-IR (64.7%), total cholesterol (12.2%), LDL-cholesterol (20.3%), triglycerides (92.8%), and VLDL-triglycerides (17.5%) was shown. In contrast, significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (27.13%) was found. The peak oxygen consumption VO2peak relative to body weight improved more in the 14-weeks training program (13.4%). Obese women exhibited higher values in the 14-weeks training program for speed gait (16.5%), cadence (9.1%), and stride length (15.7%) during normal walk and rapid walk. Weight loss combined with a low-calorie diet and 14-weeks training program improved significantly muscular endurance capacities. Conclusion. Exercise added to hypocaloric diet leads to decreases in body composition, to improve in insulin sensitivity, to enhancement of VO2peak and functional fitness. This may be helpful for the treatment of the metabolic complications of abdominal obesity.展开更多
Interval training is getting more attention due to the rapid improvement in fitness and health level. This is so important for the people who have no much time to spend in gym or sports areas. Therefore, burning much ...Interval training is getting more attention due to the rapid improvement in fitness and health level. This is so important for the people who have no much time to spend in gym or sports areas. Therefore, burning much more calories in a short time is getting important for these busy people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval running exercises on acute calorie consumption. Thirteen female and ten male sedentary collegian students （age： 19.48 ± 1.64, height： 171.95 ± 8.14, weight： 65.91 ± 14.69） participated in the current study. All participates performed a steady state running for 30 min with 8 krn/hour speed and interval running （6 km/h and 10 km/h with 1 minute interval） for 30 min on a treadmill on different days. Their calorie expenditure and other related gas parameters were measured with a mobile gas analyzer. The paired t-test was used to compare two protocols for the whole group. Moreover, the Wilcoxon test was used to measure in order to detect significant differences between steady state and interval running protocols for male and female groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in calorie consumption, CO2 production and RER values, while the only difference was observed in O2 cost （p 〈 0.01） and heart rate in the whole, male and female groups （p 〈 0.05）. As a conclusion, it was seen that interval running caused no more calorie expenditure than the classical steady state running acutely. Therefore, calorie burning may be delayed. There is a need for further study in this area.展开更多
The dietary intervention of calorie restriction(CR)is known to have the most profound effects on healthspan and lifespan across several species.In two recent back-to-back articles published in Nature,Qu et al.[1,2]rev...The dietary intervention of calorie restriction(CR)is known to have the most profound effects on healthspan and lifespan across several species.In two recent back-to-back articles published in Nature,Qu et al.[1,2]revealed that lithocholic acid(LCA),a singular secondary bile acid found to be elevated in the serum of calorie-restricted mice,is sufficient to mimic the effects of CR by delaying the onset of age-associated phenotypes in mice,and promoting lifespan extension in nematodes and flies.The authors showed that the anti-ageing effects of LCA are mediated through a conserved mechanism resulting in the activation of the lysosomal adenosine-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway through the TUB-like protein 3(TULP3)-sirtuin(SIRT)-vacuolar H+-ATPase(v-ATPase)axis tomediate thebenefits of CR.展开更多
Dear Editor,Traditionally,the consumption of milled rice(starchy endosperm) as a staple food mainly provides calories for human society,and the lack of many important nutrients in such processed grains has led to maln...Dear Editor,Traditionally,the consumption of milled rice(starchy endosperm) as a staple food mainly provides calories for human society,and the lack of many important nutrients in such processed grains has led to malnutrition in rice-consuming regions worldwide(United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition,2004).展开更多
Background and Objectives:Very-low calorie diets(VLCD)achieve weight loss and remission of Type 2 diabetes(T2DM),but efficacy and acceptability in non-European populations is less clear.This feasibility study examines...Background and Objectives:Very-low calorie diets(VLCD)achieve weight loss and remission of Type 2 diabetes(T2DM),but efficacy and acceptability in non-European populations is less clear.This feasibility study examines the impact of 10%weight loss through VLCD on metabolic and body composition outcomes in a multiethnic cohort of Aotearoa New Zealand(AoNZ)men with prediabetes/early T2DM,and VLCD tolerability/cultural acceptability.Methods and Study Design:Participants followed a VLCD intervention(mean energy 3033kJ/day)until achievement of 10%weight loss.An oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),hyperinsulinaemic isoglycaemic clamp with stable isotopes,hood calorimetry and dual-energy Xray absorptiometry(DXA)were undertaken before and after intervention.Qualitative data on VLCD tolerability/cultural acceptability were collected.Results:Fifteen participants were enrolled;nine achieved 10%weight loss.In this group,mean HbA1c reduced by 4.8mmol/mol(2.4-7.1)and reverted to normoglycaemia in n=5/9;mean body weight reduced by 12.0 kg(11.0-13.1)and whole-body glucose disposal improved by 1.5 mg kgFFM^(-1)min^(-1)(0.7-2.2).Blood pressure and fasting triglycerides improved significantly.No changes in hepatic glucose metabolism were found.In all participants who attended completion testing,HbA1c reduced by 3.4mmol/mol(SD 3.5)and total weight by 9.0kg(SD 5.7).The intervention was highly tolerable/culturally acceptable however challenges with fulfilment of cultural obligations were described.Conclusions:Results support VLCD use in AoNZ however further work to investigate ethnic differences in physiological response to VLCDs and to optimise protocols for multi-ethnic populations are required.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)is an autoimmune disease,characterized by abnormal elevation in thyroid peroxidase antibody and/or thyroglobulin antibody.In recent decades,HT disease has becom...Background and Objectives:Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)is an autoimmune disease,characterized by abnormal elevation in thyroid peroxidase antibody and/or thyroglobulin antibody.In recent decades,HT disease has become more and more widespread.Patients always report multiple symptoms,even though their thyroid hormone levels are kept in normal ranges.However,no treatment exists to effectively reduce the levels of thyroid antibodies.Our study aims to determine whether calorie-restricted diet is helpful in improving health of HT patients.Methods and Study Design:This is a 3-month randomized controlled trial.HT patients will be randomized into a calorie-restricted(CR)group or a calorie-unrestricted control group.All the participants will be instructed to consume a diet that includes a combination of 45-55%calories from carbohydrates,20-30%from fats,and 15-25%from proteins,according to current Chinese Dietary Guidelines.Participants in CR group need to limit their calories intake equal to their basal energy expenditure,which means that their daily caloric intake will be limited by about 20-30%.Results:The study population is planned to be 66 HT patients aged 18 to 65 years.The primary outcome is change of thyroid antibody levels from baseline.Secondary outcomes include the changes of nonhypothyroid symptoms scores,thyroid function indexes,morphology of thyroid,T lymphocyte subpopulations,inflammatory biomarkers and lipids from baseline to 12 weeks.Conclusions:This trial will have implications for nutrition treatment policy in regard to thyroid antibodies control,immune dysfunction and related nonhypothyroid symptoms improvement among HT patients.展开更多
Have you found an antiaging solution?It has been a subject of interest in many studies.Even if there is no treatment on the market that can prove an effective method to slow human aging,research shows that the consump...Have you found an antiaging solution?It has been a subject of interest in many studies.Even if there is no treatment on the market that can prove an effective method to slow human aging,research shows that the consumption of low calories and a balanced diet can help to boost our immune system.展开更多
Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecu...Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of their development.This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of retinal aging and investigates potential neuroprotective approaches,focusing on the activation of transcription factor EB.Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes of transcription factor EB-targeted strategies,such as exercise,calorie restriction,rapamycin,and metformin,in patients and animal models of these common retinal diseases.The review critically assesses the role of transcription factor EB in retinal biology during aging,its neuroprotective effects,and its therapeutic potential for retinal disorders.The impact of transcription factor EB on retinal aging is cell-specific,influencing metabolic reprogramming and energy homeostasis in retinal neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and nutrient-sensing pathways.In vascular endothelial cells,transcription factor EB controls important processes,including endothelial cell proliferation,endothelial tube formation,and nitric oxide levels,thereby influencing the inner blood-retinal barrier,angiogenesis,and retinal microvasculature.Additionally,transcription factor EB affects vascular smooth muscle cells,inhibiting vascular calcification and atherogenesis.In retinal pigment epithelial cells,transcription factor EB modulates functions such as autophagy,lysosomal dynamics,and clearance of the aging pigment lipofuscin,thereby promoting photoreceptor survival and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor A expression involved in neovascularization.These cell-specific functions of transcription factor EB significantly impact retinal aging mechanisms encompassing proteostasis,neuronal synapse plasticity,energy metabolism,microvasculature,and inflammation,ultimately offering protection against retinal aging and diseases.The review emphasizes transcription factor EB as a potential therapeutic target for retinal diseases.Therefore,it is imperative to obtain well-controlled direct experimental evidence to confirm the efficacy of transcription factor EB modulation in retinal diseases while minimizing its risk of adverse effects.展开更多
Background Vaspin was recently identified as a novel adipokine that is predominantly secreted from adipose tissue and exerts insulin-sensitizing effects. This study was undertaken to elucidate the regulative effects o...Background Vaspin was recently identified as a novel adipokine that is predominantly secreted from adipose tissue and exerts insulin-sensitizing effects. This study was undertaken to elucidate the regulative effects of calorie control on the expression of vaspin and its potential mechanism.Methods Diet-induced obese Sprague Dawley （SD） rats were adopted as experimental models and accepted interventions of various ingestions and pioglitazone. Various differentiated stages of cultured 3T3-L1 cells were dealt with pioglitazone or TNFα in vitro for 48 hours to further verify findings in animal experiments.Results The rats were successfully induced into an obese experimental model with hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and increased serum free fatty acid and TNFa by 12-week high-fat diet. It was found that depending on whether the rats were fed by a high-fat diet or a basal diet, there was extremely higher vaspin in the periepididymal fat pad than in subcutaneous adipose tissues by 16 weeks. Vaspin in sera and the periepididymal fat pad was much lower in rats with a high-fat diet than those with a basal diet （all P 〈0.05）, but vaspin in subcutaneous fat tissues was prone to increase in rats with a high-fat diet. A 4-week calorie restriction or pioglitazone on the obese rats resulted in a partial recovery of vaspin levels in sera and periepididymal adipose tissues, especially the latter revealed a more obvious superiority and increased vaspin levels of subcutaneous adipose. Surprisingly, the treatment of 4-week high-fat diet on non-obese rats did not significantly depress vaspin of sera and periepididymal adipose tissues. However, it is unknown if re-feeding generated the effect on vaspin levels of obese and non-obese rats on sera or adipose tissues. The correlation analysis showed that vaspin levels of serum and periepididymal fat tissues were negatively correlated with serum FFA, TNFα and insulin; meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between serum vaspin and vaspin of periepididymal fat tissues. Pioglitazone enhanced vaspin levels in cultured 3T3-L1 cells and supernatant in various differentiated stages, and this effect became more and more obvious along with the change of preadipocytes into mature fat cells. Administration of TNFα caused suppression on vaspin expression in differentiated stages of 3T3-L1 cells.Conclusions The present data indicated that a long-term high-fat diet could induce obesity metabolic syndrome in SD rats and finally lead to lower vaspin of sera and periepididymal fat, while pioglitazone and chronic calorie-control ingestion could enhance the production of vaspin. It was undoubtedly demonstrated that vaspin expression was strongly associated with insulin sensitivity, serum FFA, and TNFα.展开更多
Calorie restriction(CR) promotes longevity among distinct organisms from yeast to mammals. Although CR-prolonged lifespan is believed to associate with enhanced respiratory activity, it is apparently controversial for...Calorie restriction(CR) promotes longevity among distinct organisms from yeast to mammals. Although CR-prolonged lifespan is believed to associate with enhanced respiratory activity, it is apparently controversial for accelerated energy consumption regardless of insufficient nutrient intake. In reconciling the contradiction of less food supply versus much metabolite dispense, we revealed a CR-based mode of dual-phase responses that encompass a phase of mitochondrial enhancement(ME) and a phase of post-mitochondrial enhancement(PME), which can be distinguished by the expression patterns and activity dynamics of mitochondrial signatures. ME is characterized by global antioxidative activation, and PME is denoted by systemic metabolic modulation. CR-mediated aging-delaying effects are replicated by artesunate, a semi-synthetic derivative of the antimalarial artemisinin that can alkylate heme-containing proteins, suggesting artesunate-heme conjugation functionally resembles nitric oxide-heme interaction. A correlation of artesunate-heme conjugation with cytochrome c oxidase activation has been established from adduct formation and activity alteration. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide also mimics CR to trigger antioxidant responses, affect signaling cascades, and alter respiratory rhythms, implying hydrogen peroxide is engaged in lifespan extension. Conclusively, artesunate mimics CR-triggered nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide to induce antioxidative networks for scavenging reactive oxygen species and mitigating oxidative stress, thereby directing metabolic conversion from anabolism to catabolism, maintaining essential metabolic functionality, and extending life expectancy in yeast.展开更多
文摘A rudimentary aspect of human life is the health of an individual,and most commonly the wellbeing is impacted in a colossal manner through the consumption of food. The intake of calories therefore is a crucial aspect that must be meticulously monitored. Various health gremlins can be largely circumvented when there is a substantial balance in the number of calories ingested versus the quantity of calories expended.The food calorie estimation is a popular domain of research in recent times and is meticulously analyzed through various image processing and machine learning techniques. However,the need to scrutinize and evaluate the calorie estimation through various platforms and algorithmic approaches aids in providing a deeper insight on the bottlenecks involved,and in improvising the bariatric health of an individual. This paper pivots on comprehending a juxtaposed approach of food calorie estimation through the use of employing Convolution Neural Network(CNN)incorporated in Internet of Things(IoT),and using the Django framework in Python,along with query rule-based training to analyze the subsequent actions to be followed post the consumption of food calories in the constructed webpage. The comparative analysis of the food calorie estimate implemented in both platforms is analyzed for the swiftness of identification,error rate and classification accuracy to appropriately determine the optimal method of use. The simulation results for IoT are carried out using the Raspberry Pi4B model,while the Anaconda prompt is used to run the server holding the web page.
文摘Healthcare is an important issue,and obesity has become one of the main causes of health problems.Therefore,reasonable and healthy diet has entered the public agenda,and low calories have become an important choice for consumers.Low-calorie snack brands are emerging in endlessly at the top of the market.This article analyzes the packaging effect of low-calorie snacks,and uses emotional design to analyze the psychological impact of low-calorie package design on points of purchase.Emphasis is placed on the design of colors,cultural codes,and layout to analyze and discuss the emotional and behavioral responses of consumers,considering the interplay between visual packaging and emotional responses.Finally,by analyzing the effect of low-calorie snack packaging,this study emphasizes the empathy contained in the design,and summarizes the necessity of its emotional design and how to promote the innovation and development of low-calorie brands.
基金supported by International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2009B050700022)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effects of the modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction(加味苓桂术甘汤) combined with short-term very low calorie diets(VLCDs) on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients.Methods:A total of 20 subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM were treated with the modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction(one-month administration) combined with short-term VLCDs(5 days),and 3-months follow-up.A standard 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test(OGTT) indexes fasting plasma glucose(FPG),post-prandial 0.5 h and 2 h plasma glucose(P0.5hPG,P2hPG),glycated hemoglobin A1C(GHbA1C),body weight,body mass index(BMI),insulin function,insulin resistance index,incidence of hypoglycemia,and the liver and renal functions were evaluated before and after treatment.Correlations of BMI with insulin function and insulin resistance were also assessed.Results:After the treatment,the patients' plasma glucose decreased steadily,FPG decreased from 5.8±0.9 mmol/L at pre-treatment to 5.0±0.6 mmol/L at 3-months follow-up(P<0.05),and P2hPG decreased from 11.7±3.8 mmol/L at pre-treatment to 6.9±0.9 mmol/L at 3-months follow-up(P<0.01).The level of GHbA1C declined from(6.47±1.24)% at pre-treatment to(6.14±0.99)% at 3-months follow-up(P<0.01).Body weight and BMI also declined significantly.Insulin resistance index was improved obviously and no event of hypoglycemia occurred.Part of the patients companied with fatty liver had a transient increase in hepatic transaminase during the treatment,but it turned to normal after the treatment.Conclusions:The modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction combined with short-term VLCDs can be safely implemented for steady glycemic control in newly diagnosed T2DM patients.
基金Supported by International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Guangdong Province(No.2009B050700 022)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe the protective effects of modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction combined with short-term very low calorie diets(VLCDs) on cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).METHODS:Eighty-five obese patients with IGT of spleen hypofunction and dampness accumulation type were randomly divided into treated group(n=45)and control group(n=40).The treated group was given Linggui Zhugan Decoction combined short-term VLCDs.The control group was given basic weight-reduction treatment.The total course was 6 months.Changes of fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting insulin(FINS),lipid metabolism,blood pressure,body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC) were observed,and the outcomes were reviewed after the treatment.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the levels of FPG,2hPG,HbA1c,FINS,HOMA-IR decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the indexes of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),BMI and WC were improved significantly(P<0.05) in the treated group.The transformation rate of normal glucose tolerance(NGT) was higher in treatment group than control group(P<0.01).No severe adverse reaction was found in the therapeutic course.CONCLUSION:The modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction combined with short-term VLCDs has good protective effects on cardiovascular risk factors as a treatment intervention for IGT with obesity,as it could improve glycometabolism,significantly decrease the levels of blood pressure,blood lipids,BMI,WC and effectively cut-off and reverse the development of diabetes mellitus.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830033,82090032,and 81971080)NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund-U20A6005+1 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_16R37)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2018B030334001).
文摘Food deprivation can rescue obesity and overweight-induced mood disorders,and promote mood performance in normal subjects.Animal studies and clinical research have revealed the antidepressant-like effect of calorie restriction,but little is known about the mechanism of calorie restriction-induced mood modification.Previous studies have found that astrocytes modulate depressive-like behaviors.Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2(IP3R2)is the predominant isoform in mediating astrocyte Ca2+signals and its genetic knockout mice are widely used to study astrocyte function in vivo.In this study,we showed that deletion of IP3R2 blocked the antidepressant-like effect induced by calorie restriction.In vivo microdialysis experiments demonstrated that calorie restriction induced an increase in ATP level in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)in naïve mice but this effect disappeared in IP3R2-knockout mice,suggesting a role of astrocytic ATP in the calorie restriction-induced antidepressant effect.Further experiments showed that systemic administration and local infusion of ATP into the mPFC induced an antidepressant effect,whereas decreasing ATP by Apyrase in the mPFC blocked calorie restriction-induced antidepressant regulation.Together,these findings support a role for astrocytic ATP in the antidepressant–like effect caused by calorie restriction.
文摘National surveys have shown that over 80% of adults do not know their recommended calorie levels. Lack of knowledge about calorie needs could be contributing to the high prevalence of obesity in the US. Young adulthood is a crucial period for the development of dietary behaviors that continue into later adulthood and influence the risk of obesity and chronic disease. This study examined university students’ knowledge of their recommended calorie needs. Subjects (N = 153) were students at Texas Tech University in Fall 2010. Students were given a survey to assess perceived daily calorie need (PDCN) and perceived daily calorie intake (PDCI). Their recommended daily calorie needs (RDCN) and actual calorie intakes (ACI) were determined using MyPyramid.gov. PDCN, PDCI, RDCN, and ACI were compared to determine students’ ability to accurately estimate and consume recommended daily calorie levels. The range of their PDCN was 120 kcal to 10,000 kcal. Only 19.7% of students estimated their RDCN accurately. There were significant differences between PDCN and RDCN (t [152] = ?3.223, P = 0.002);PDCI and ACI (t [114] = 3.246, P = 0.002);and ACI and RDCN (t [114] = ?5.6, P = 0.000). Nearly 40% of these university students were overweight. BMI had a significant effect (P = 0.001) on students’ estimation of their RDCN as students with underweight/normal BMI were more accurate. Nutrition education programs focused on calorie needs should be implemented with university students so they will be able to effectively use calorie information on food labels and menus for weight management.
文摘Background The aggravating trend of aging population has brought us with great medical challenges. Calorie restriction （CR） has various beneficial effects on health, including lifespan prolongation and functional im- provement of multiple organisms. SIRT6, a member of the Sirtuin family of NAD^＋-dependent histone deacetylases, has been shown to play a key role in mediating the effects of CR. Aim Here we show how CR-triggered SIRT6-de- pendent pathways affect aging and the critical role of SIRT6 on inflammation. Methods 24-month-old mice were fed under ad libitum （AL） or CR condition for 6 months to determine the effects of CR. In addition, we took low glucose （LG） cultured WI38 human fibroblasts as a model to mimic CR in vitro. Further more, we stably overex- pressed or knockdown SIRT6 in WI38 to identify the role of SIRT6 in cell senescence and inflammation. Results Aged mice with CR had improved renal pathology and enhanced SIRT6 expression compared with AL group. In ad- dition, compared with normal glucose （NG） group, LG group had prolonged lifespan and increased expression of SIRT6. Furthermore, increased SA-β-gal positive cells were observed in SIRT6-deficient cells while the overexpres- sion of SIRT6 could delay the replicative senescence effectively. NF-KB was involved in the SIRT6 mediated lon- gevity control. SIRT6 overexpressed WI38 had low translocate rate of NF-KB into the nucleus and SIRT6 could at- tenuate the NF-KB signaling by deacetylating the RelA subunit of NF-KB complex. Conclusion In this study, we show that CR prevents age-dependent renal insufficiency by up-regulation of SIRT6. CR-triggered SIRT6 activation suppresses NF-KB signaling via preventing nuclear translocation of NF-KB. Here we identified the beneficial effects of CR on renal aging and determined the crucial role of SIRT6 on CR-mediated lifespan extension.
基金The article was financially supported by UGC SAP Programme,University of Madras,Chennai,India.
文摘Objective:To explore the combinatorial effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)and calorie restriction on activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),a transcription factor involved in the antioxidant defense system of aged rats.Methods:Aged male Wistar rats were calorie-restricted and treated with EGCG orally for 45 days.The initial body weight of aged rats was recorded,and the final body weight was measured at the end of the experimental period.Serum lipid and lipoprotein status,oxidative stress markers such as free radicals and malondialdehyde levels,and reduced glutathione were assessed.In addition,RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses were performed.Results:Calorie restriction potentiated the effect of EGCG on enhancing antioxidant status,improving the levels of serum lipid and lipoproteins,upregulating Nrf2 and Bcl2,and downregulating Keap1,cullin3,Bax and cytochrome c in aged rats.Conclusions:Calorie restriction can promote EGCG-mediated Nrf2 activation in aged rats.This preliminary finding paves the way for a combinatory approach to replenishing the antioxidant status during aging,thereby reducing the risk for age-associated degenerative diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND The scientific literature provides evidence that nutritional ketosis can be an important support in the treatment of pathologies in which inflammation is present,as recent studies have shown that ketone bodies have anti-inflammatory activity in numerous diseases,including rheumatic diseases.We report the case of a 22-year-old woman with class I obesity and juvenile idiopathic arthritis who started treatment with a very low calorie ketogenic diet(VLCKD).CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 22-year-old woman diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis at age 4 years and with a body mass index(BMI)of 30.8 kg/m2,waist circumference(WC)80 cm,fat mass(FM)28.1 kg,free FM 45.7 kg,and visceral adipose tissue(VAT)3.5 kg,assessed on bioimpedance analysis.She was treated using a commercial VLCKD weight-loss program(PNK®method);this program provides high-biological-value protein preparations and natural foods.Each protein preparation contains 15 g protein,4 g carbohydrate,3 g fat,and 50 mg omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid,with an energy content of 90–120 kcal.After four months on the program,the BMI was 28.6 kg/m2,WC 73 cm,FM 23.2 kg,free FM 41.9 kg,and VAT 2.9 kg.CONCLUSION VLCKD enabled the patient to reach her target weight and to reduce her joint pain and headaches.Laboratory inflammatory indices also normalized.
文摘Product sampling is an important part of food retailing promotion. We explore how food sampling affects individuals’ total caloric estimates of a consumption episode. In a field study, at a small self-serve frozen yogurt store, 144 participants were randomly assigned to either a control or samples’ condition. Analysis of variance showed that individuals who had no or one sample overestimated the number of calories they were consuming, while those who had two or more samples underestimated their caloric intake.
文摘Background. The effects of physical exercises combined with a low-calorie diet on weight loss, body composition, lipoproteins profile, and physical fitness had been well described. However, Central Africa’s studies investigating these kinds of diets and exercise regimens are lacking. Objective. To investigate the effects of adding 14-weeks exercises to a hypocaloric diet on changes in body composition, lipoproteins concentrations, and physical capacities in obese Congolese women. Population and Methods. In total, 34 obese women aged 30 - 39 years (mean age: 33.7 ± 2.4 years) assigned to 14-weeks training program and low energy ketogenic diet. Body composition was assessed using classic methods and impedancemetry. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting serum insulin were assessing using enzymatic colorimetric and radioim-munoradiometric methods. HOMA-IR and lipoproteins concentrations were assessed using standardized laboratory methods. VO2peak was measured on a treadmill during a progressive exercise test. Speed, cadence and stride length were measured along the 10-m level walkway. Muscular endurance was measured using the tests of sit-up and inflections-extensions of elbows. All the variables of the study were assessed at the beginning, in the 7-weeks, and in the 14-weeks of training methods. Results. Declines in body weight (16%), percent fat (12.1%), fat weight (26.4%), abdominal fat (34.2%), and waist circumference (10.4%) were found. A significant decrease in FPG (13%), fasting serum insulin (60.9%), HOMA-IR (64.7%), total cholesterol (12.2%), LDL-cholesterol (20.3%), triglycerides (92.8%), and VLDL-triglycerides (17.5%) was shown. In contrast, significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (27.13%) was found. The peak oxygen consumption VO2peak relative to body weight improved more in the 14-weeks training program (13.4%). Obese women exhibited higher values in the 14-weeks training program for speed gait (16.5%), cadence (9.1%), and stride length (15.7%) during normal walk and rapid walk. Weight loss combined with a low-calorie diet and 14-weeks training program improved significantly muscular endurance capacities. Conclusion. Exercise added to hypocaloric diet leads to decreases in body composition, to improve in insulin sensitivity, to enhancement of VO2peak and functional fitness. This may be helpful for the treatment of the metabolic complications of abdominal obesity.
文摘Interval training is getting more attention due to the rapid improvement in fitness and health level. This is so important for the people who have no much time to spend in gym or sports areas. Therefore, burning much more calories in a short time is getting important for these busy people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval running exercises on acute calorie consumption. Thirteen female and ten male sedentary collegian students （age： 19.48 ± 1.64, height： 171.95 ± 8.14, weight： 65.91 ± 14.69） participated in the current study. All participates performed a steady state running for 30 min with 8 krn/hour speed and interval running （6 km/h and 10 km/h with 1 minute interval） for 30 min on a treadmill on different days. Their calorie expenditure and other related gas parameters were measured with a mobile gas analyzer. The paired t-test was used to compare two protocols for the whole group. Moreover, the Wilcoxon test was used to measure in order to detect significant differences between steady state and interval running protocols for male and female groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in calorie consumption, CO2 production and RER values, while the only difference was observed in O2 cost （p 〈 0.01） and heart rate in the whole, male and female groups （p 〈 0.05）. As a conclusion, it was seen that interval running caused no more calorie expenditure than the classical steady state running acutely. Therefore, calorie burning may be delayed. There is a need for further study in this area.
文摘The dietary intervention of calorie restriction(CR)is known to have the most profound effects on healthspan and lifespan across several species.In two recent back-to-back articles published in Nature,Qu et al.[1,2]revealed that lithocholic acid(LCA),a singular secondary bile acid found to be elevated in the serum of calorie-restricted mice,is sufficient to mimic the effects of CR by delaying the onset of age-associated phenotypes in mice,and promoting lifespan extension in nematodes and flies.The authors showed that the anti-ageing effects of LCA are mediated through a conserved mechanism resulting in the activation of the lysosomal adenosine-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway through the TUB-like protein 3(TULP3)-sirtuin(SIRT)-vacuolar H+-ATPase(v-ATPase)axis tomediate thebenefits of CR.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFF1000600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31821005,32261143466)+3 种基金the Hubei Fund to Support High Quality Development of Seed Industry (HBZY2023B001-08)the Science and Technology Major Program of Hubei Province (2021ABA011)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2023AFA043)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01)。
文摘Dear Editor,Traditionally,the consumption of milled rice(starchy endosperm) as a staple food mainly provides calories for human society,and the lack of many important nutrients in such processed grains has led to malnutrition in rice-consuming regions worldwide(United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition,2004).
基金Health Research Council of New Zealand(HRC 17/542)the New Zealand Society for the Study of Diabetes(2016 NZSSD NZMS Medical Technology Grant)+1 种基金the University of Otago(University of Otago Research Grant 2017)for their study fundingthe Health Research Council of New Zealand for Clinical Research Training Fellowship funding(HRC 16/058)for PW.
文摘Background and Objectives:Very-low calorie diets(VLCD)achieve weight loss and remission of Type 2 diabetes(T2DM),but efficacy and acceptability in non-European populations is less clear.This feasibility study examines the impact of 10%weight loss through VLCD on metabolic and body composition outcomes in a multiethnic cohort of Aotearoa New Zealand(AoNZ)men with prediabetes/early T2DM,and VLCD tolerability/cultural acceptability.Methods and Study Design:Participants followed a VLCD intervention(mean energy 3033kJ/day)until achievement of 10%weight loss.An oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),hyperinsulinaemic isoglycaemic clamp with stable isotopes,hood calorimetry and dual-energy Xray absorptiometry(DXA)were undertaken before and after intervention.Qualitative data on VLCD tolerability/cultural acceptability were collected.Results:Fifteen participants were enrolled;nine achieved 10%weight loss.In this group,mean HbA1c reduced by 4.8mmol/mol(2.4-7.1)and reverted to normoglycaemia in n=5/9;mean body weight reduced by 12.0 kg(11.0-13.1)and whole-body glucose disposal improved by 1.5 mg kgFFM^(-1)min^(-1)(0.7-2.2).Blood pressure and fasting triglycerides improved significantly.No changes in hepatic glucose metabolism were found.In all participants who attended completion testing,HbA1c reduced by 3.4mmol/mol(SD 3.5)and total weight by 9.0kg(SD 5.7).The intervention was highly tolerable/culturally acceptable however challenges with fulfilment of cultural obligations were described.Conclusions:Results support VLCD use in AoNZ however further work to investigate ethnic differences in physiological response to VLCDs and to optimise protocols for multi-ethnic populations are required.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82103843)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.ZCLY24H2602).
文摘Background and Objectives:Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)is an autoimmune disease,characterized by abnormal elevation in thyroid peroxidase antibody and/or thyroglobulin antibody.In recent decades,HT disease has become more and more widespread.Patients always report multiple symptoms,even though their thyroid hormone levels are kept in normal ranges.However,no treatment exists to effectively reduce the levels of thyroid antibodies.Our study aims to determine whether calorie-restricted diet is helpful in improving health of HT patients.Methods and Study Design:This is a 3-month randomized controlled trial.HT patients will be randomized into a calorie-restricted(CR)group or a calorie-unrestricted control group.All the participants will be instructed to consume a diet that includes a combination of 45-55%calories from carbohydrates,20-30%from fats,and 15-25%from proteins,according to current Chinese Dietary Guidelines.Participants in CR group need to limit their calories intake equal to their basal energy expenditure,which means that their daily caloric intake will be limited by about 20-30%.Results:The study population is planned to be 66 HT patients aged 18 to 65 years.The primary outcome is change of thyroid antibody levels from baseline.Secondary outcomes include the changes of nonhypothyroid symptoms scores,thyroid function indexes,morphology of thyroid,T lymphocyte subpopulations,inflammatory biomarkers and lipids from baseline to 12 weeks.Conclusions:This trial will have implications for nutrition treatment policy in regard to thyroid antibodies control,immune dysfunction and related nonhypothyroid symptoms improvement among HT patients.
文摘Have you found an antiaging solution?It has been a subject of interest in many studies.Even if there is no treatment on the market that can prove an effective method to slow human aging,research shows that the consumption of low calories and a balanced diet can help to boost our immune system.
基金supported by the Start-up Fund for new faculty from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(PolyU)(A0043215)(to SA)the General Research Fund and Research Impact Fund from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(15106018,R5032-18)(to DYT)+1 种基金the Research Center for SHARP Vision in PolyU(P0045843)(to SA)the InnoHK scheme from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government(to DYT).
文摘Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of their development.This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of retinal aging and investigates potential neuroprotective approaches,focusing on the activation of transcription factor EB.Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes of transcription factor EB-targeted strategies,such as exercise,calorie restriction,rapamycin,and metformin,in patients and animal models of these common retinal diseases.The review critically assesses the role of transcription factor EB in retinal biology during aging,its neuroprotective effects,and its therapeutic potential for retinal disorders.The impact of transcription factor EB on retinal aging is cell-specific,influencing metabolic reprogramming and energy homeostasis in retinal neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and nutrient-sensing pathways.In vascular endothelial cells,transcription factor EB controls important processes,including endothelial cell proliferation,endothelial tube formation,and nitric oxide levels,thereby influencing the inner blood-retinal barrier,angiogenesis,and retinal microvasculature.Additionally,transcription factor EB affects vascular smooth muscle cells,inhibiting vascular calcification and atherogenesis.In retinal pigment epithelial cells,transcription factor EB modulates functions such as autophagy,lysosomal dynamics,and clearance of the aging pigment lipofuscin,thereby promoting photoreceptor survival and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor A expression involved in neovascularization.These cell-specific functions of transcription factor EB significantly impact retinal aging mechanisms encompassing proteostasis,neuronal synapse plasticity,energy metabolism,microvasculature,and inflammation,ultimately offering protection against retinal aging and diseases.The review emphasizes transcription factor EB as a potential therapeutic target for retinal diseases.Therefore,it is imperative to obtain well-controlled direct experimental evidence to confirm the efficacy of transcription factor EB modulation in retinal diseases while minimizing its risk of adverse effects.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province （070413080） and the Ministry of Education Foundation of Anhui Province （2006KJ089A）.
文摘Background Vaspin was recently identified as a novel adipokine that is predominantly secreted from adipose tissue and exerts insulin-sensitizing effects. This study was undertaken to elucidate the regulative effects of calorie control on the expression of vaspin and its potential mechanism.Methods Diet-induced obese Sprague Dawley （SD） rats were adopted as experimental models and accepted interventions of various ingestions and pioglitazone. Various differentiated stages of cultured 3T3-L1 cells were dealt with pioglitazone or TNFα in vitro for 48 hours to further verify findings in animal experiments.Results The rats were successfully induced into an obese experimental model with hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and increased serum free fatty acid and TNFa by 12-week high-fat diet. It was found that depending on whether the rats were fed by a high-fat diet or a basal diet, there was extremely higher vaspin in the periepididymal fat pad than in subcutaneous adipose tissues by 16 weeks. Vaspin in sera and the periepididymal fat pad was much lower in rats with a high-fat diet than those with a basal diet （all P 〈0.05）, but vaspin in subcutaneous fat tissues was prone to increase in rats with a high-fat diet. A 4-week calorie restriction or pioglitazone on the obese rats resulted in a partial recovery of vaspin levels in sera and periepididymal adipose tissues, especially the latter revealed a more obvious superiority and increased vaspin levels of subcutaneous adipose. Surprisingly, the treatment of 4-week high-fat diet on non-obese rats did not significantly depress vaspin of sera and periepididymal adipose tissues. However, it is unknown if re-feeding generated the effect on vaspin levels of obese and non-obese rats on sera or adipose tissues. The correlation analysis showed that vaspin levels of serum and periepididymal fat tissues were negatively correlated with serum FFA, TNFα and insulin; meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between serum vaspin and vaspin of periepididymal fat tissues. Pioglitazone enhanced vaspin levels in cultured 3T3-L1 cells and supernatant in various differentiated stages, and this effect became more and more obvious along with the change of preadipocytes into mature fat cells. Administration of TNFα caused suppression on vaspin expression in differentiated stages of 3T3-L1 cells.Conclusions The present data indicated that a long-term high-fat diet could induce obesity metabolic syndrome in SD rats and finally lead to lower vaspin of sera and periepididymal fat, while pioglitazone and chronic calorie-control ingestion could enhance the production of vaspin. It was undoubtedly demonstrated that vaspin expression was strongly associated with insulin sensitivity, serum FFA, and TNFα.
基金supported by grants to Zeng Qing Ping from National Natural Science Foundation of China(81273620)
文摘Calorie restriction(CR) promotes longevity among distinct organisms from yeast to mammals. Although CR-prolonged lifespan is believed to associate with enhanced respiratory activity, it is apparently controversial for accelerated energy consumption regardless of insufficient nutrient intake. In reconciling the contradiction of less food supply versus much metabolite dispense, we revealed a CR-based mode of dual-phase responses that encompass a phase of mitochondrial enhancement(ME) and a phase of post-mitochondrial enhancement(PME), which can be distinguished by the expression patterns and activity dynamics of mitochondrial signatures. ME is characterized by global antioxidative activation, and PME is denoted by systemic metabolic modulation. CR-mediated aging-delaying effects are replicated by artesunate, a semi-synthetic derivative of the antimalarial artemisinin that can alkylate heme-containing proteins, suggesting artesunate-heme conjugation functionally resembles nitric oxide-heme interaction. A correlation of artesunate-heme conjugation with cytochrome c oxidase activation has been established from adduct formation and activity alteration. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide also mimics CR to trigger antioxidant responses, affect signaling cascades, and alter respiratory rhythms, implying hydrogen peroxide is engaged in lifespan extension. Conclusively, artesunate mimics CR-triggered nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide to induce antioxidative networks for scavenging reactive oxygen species and mitigating oxidative stress, thereby directing metabolic conversion from anabolism to catabolism, maintaining essential metabolic functionality, and extending life expectancy in yeast.
