Background:Bonducellin is one of the bioactive compounds present in Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb(L).It is a homoisoflavonoid recognized for its anti-cancer,anti-androgenic,and anti-estrogenic properties and could potential...Background:Bonducellin is one of the bioactive compounds present in Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb(L).It is a homoisoflavonoid recognized for its anti-cancer,anti-androgenic,and anti-estrogenic properties and could potentially treat polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).However,the underlying molecular mechanism remains unexplored.This study aims to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of bonducellin in treating PCOS and its associated symptoms through an integrated approach combining network pharmacology,molecular docking,molecular dynamics simulation,and in vivo validation.Methods:Bonducellin-associated and PCOS-related genes were intersected using VENN analysis to determine common gene targets.KEGG pathway analysis was conducted to investigate the biological pathways involving the co-targeted genes.The protein-protein interactions of the target genes were performed to identify the key proteins interacting with bonducellin.Molecular docking and 100 ns molecular simulations were carried out to evaluate the binding affinity and conformational stability of bonducellin with the target proteins.Additionally,the acute toxicity of bonducellin was assessed on zebrafish embryos and in vivo gene expression studies were performed to examine its regulatory effect on the top co-targeted gene.Results:The intersection of bonducellin-associated and PCOS-related genes identified 76 co-targeted genes.KEGG pathway analysis revealed their involvement in 15 critical pathways,including steroid hormone biosynthesis.Protein-protein interaction and pathway enrichment analysis highlighted key targets,including MMP9,AR,KDR,PRKACA,KIT,CYP19A1,HSD11B1,ESR1,STAT3,ESR2,PRKCA,ROCK1,BRAF,HSD17B2,PIK3R1,and RAF1,all of which exhibited strong binding to bonducellin.Molecular simulations confirmed the stability of bonducellin to the top proteins,MMP9 and AR,with high binding scores.Acute toxicity studies in zebrafish embryos determined the LC50 value of bonducellin as 0.8μg/mL at 48 hpf.Gene expression analysis revealed that bonducellin differentially regulates the MMP9 gene that is involved in modulating PCOS-related pathways.Conclusion:This study suggests potential gene pathways and protein interactions through which bonducellin could exert therapeutic effects on PCOS and its associated disorders.This provides valuable insights for future research into understanding and developing bonducellin-based treatments for PCOS.展开更多
A new cassane diterpenoid lactone was isolated from the seed of Caesalpinia minax. On the basis of spectral evidences, its structure was established as 12α-methoxyl, 5α, 14β-dihydroxy-1α, 6α, 7β-triacetoxycass-1...A new cassane diterpenoid lactone was isolated from the seed of Caesalpinia minax. On the basis of spectral evidences, its structure was established as 12α-methoxyl, 5α, 14β-dihydroxy-1α, 6α, 7β-triacetoxycass-13（15）-en-16, 12-olide.展开更多
A new homoflavonoid was isolated from the seed of Caesalpinia minax Hance.On the basis of spectral evidences,its structure was established and named as minaxin.
Caesalpinia sappan L.(CS) is a plant of Leguminosae family,commonly known as Brazil or Sappan wood.CS is distributed in Southeast Asia and its dried heartwood has been used as traditional ingredient of food or beverag...Caesalpinia sappan L.(CS) is a plant of Leguminosae family,commonly known as Brazil or Sappan wood.CS is distributed in Southeast Asia and its dried heartwood has been used as traditional ingredient of food or beverages and has a wide variety of medicinal properties.Higher extraction yield of CS wood was achieved with 95% ethanol for 2 h.Chemical constituent's investigation of sappan wood resulled in the isolation of various structural types of phenolic components including one xanihone,one coumarin,three chalcones,two flavones three homoisoflavonoids and brazilin.Brazilin[(6a S-cis)-7,11b-dihydrobcnz[b]indeno[1.2-d]pyran-3.6a.9.10(6H)- tetroll.a major and active compound found in CS heartwood.Most of the folkloric uses of brazilin were validated by the scientific studies such as antioxidant,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-photoaging.hypoglycemic,vasorelaxant,hepatoproteetive and anti-acne activity.CS heartwood extract is safe and did not produce any acute or subacute toxicity in both male and female rats.Brazilin is the safe natural compound having potential to develop as a medicinal compound with application in food,beverage,cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries to screen its clinical use in modern medicine.The information gained could provide the important and potential approach for pharmaceutical researcher to implicate the knowledge of brazilin in the formulation of new drug and to reveal therapeutic and gaps requiring future research opportunities.More studies are needed to evaluate the potential application of brazilin as preservative and coloring agent in food processing industries.展开更多
Caesalpinia sappan L., belonging to the family Leguminosae, is a medicinal plant that is distributed in Southeast Asia. The dried heartwood of this plant is used as a traditional ingredient of food, red dyes, and folk...Caesalpinia sappan L., belonging to the family Leguminosae, is a medicinal plant that is distributed in Southeast Asia. The dried heartwood of this plant is used as a traditional ingredient of food, red dyes, and folk medicines in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, tuberculosis, skin infections, and inflammation. Brazilin is the major active compound, which has exhibited various phar- macological effects, including anti-platelet activity, anti-hepatotoxicity, induction of immunological tolerance, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes of C. sappan L. extract and its major compound, brazilin, in human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to UVA irradiation. Our results indi- cated that C. sappan L. extract reduced UVA-induced H202 production via GPX7 activation. Moreover, brazilin exhibited anfioxidant effects that were similar to those of C. sappan L. via glutathione peroxidase 7 （GPX7）, suggesting that C. sappan L. extract and its natural compound represent potential treatments for oxidative stress-induced photoaging of skin.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant ef ects of aqueous ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia ferrea(C. ferrea) leaf in normal and streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley r...Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant ef ects of aqueous ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia ferrea(C. ferrea) leaf in normal and streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each were assigned into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal administration of STZ(65 mg/kg body weight). C. ferrea extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight was orally administered to both diabetic and non-diabetic animals for a period of 30 days. After completion of experimental duration serum, liver and pancreas were used for evaluating biochemical and histopathological changes.Results: Oral administration of C. ferrea leaf extract significantly reduced elevated serum glucose, α-amylase, liver function levels and signii cantly increased serum insulin, total protein and body weight as well as improved lipid proi le due to diabetes. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in a marked increase in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione, and diminished levels of lipid peroxidation in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Histopathological studies demonstrated the reduction in the pancreas and liver damage and coni rmed the biochemical i ndings.Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that the C. ferrea leaf extract ef ectively improved hyperglycaemia while inhibiting the progression of oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Hence, it can be used in the management of diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Fifteen compounds were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Caesalpiniaenneaphylla. Their structures were identified to be: (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)- 5,7-dihydroxychroman-4-one (1), 8-methoxybonducellin (2), (E)-...Fifteen compounds were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Caesalpiniaenneaphylla. Their structures were identified to be: (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)- 5,7-dihydroxychroman-4-one (1), 8-methoxybonducellin (2), (E)-3-(3,4- dihydroxybenzylidene)-5,7-hydroxychroman-4-one (3), 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone (4), oxyfadichalcone B (5), 7-hydroxyflavonone (6), pinocembrin (7), kaempferol (8), quercitrin (9), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (10), quercetin 3-O-α-D-arabinoside (11), trans-2,3-diacetoxy-1-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-cyclohexa-4,6-diene (12), 3-hydroxybenzyl benzoate (13), 2-acetoxybenzyl benzoate (14), and glutinol (15). All the compounds were isolated from C. enneaphylla for the first time.展开更多
Objective: The objective of the work was to optimize the extraction conditions of Caesalpinia sappan L.heartwood in order to maximize the brazilin content and antibacterial activity of the extract.Methods: Two indepen...Objective: The objective of the work was to optimize the extraction conditions of Caesalpinia sappan L.heartwood in order to maximize the brazilin content and antibacterial activity of the extract.Methods: Two independent factors were studied: extraction temperature(45–95 °C) and extraction time(30–60 min). In addition, five dependent factors were monitored, including extraction yield, brazilin content, and clear zones against Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, Staphylococcus epidermidis TISTR 518 and Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14961. The brazilin content was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and antibacterial activity was determined by disk diffusion assay.Results: The high temperature provided high total extract yield as well as brazilin content, while extraction time had little effect on yield or brazilin content. Extraction time had a positive effect, while extraction temperature had little effect on clear zone against S. aureus. The largest clear zone against S. epidermidis was achieved at low extraction temperature and long extraction time. Conversely, short extraction time and high extraction temperature provided the largest clear zone against P. acnes. The optimal conditions providing the highest brazilin content was an extraction temperature and extraction time of 95 °C and 30 min, respectively.The same optimal conditions also provided the simultaneous greatest antibacterial activity against the three bacteria. Modeled optimal conditions were validated be conducting extraction using these values. Yield and antibacterial activity of the resulting extract demonstrated that the model had a low percentage error.Conclusion: The optimal condition will be used as a standard condition for extraction of C. sappan heartwood to maximize brazilin content and antibacterial activity.展开更多
Objective:To screen plant extract fractions and elucidate the components present in Caesalpinia crista(C.crista)leaves for cholinergic and anti-amyloidogenic activities for the treatment of Alzheimer's diseases.Me...Objective:To screen plant extract fractions and elucidate the components present in Caesalpinia crista(C.crista)leaves for cholinergic and anti-amyloidogenic activities for the treatment of Alzheimer's diseases.Methods:This work has been carried out to study the action of C.crista extracts from nonpolar to polar solvents toward inhibition of oxidative stress,cholinergic and amyloidosis.The antioxidant activity was studied using DPPH total antioxidant assay;cholinergic assay by Ellman's method and anti-amyloidogenic assay by thioflavin-T fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy.Results:The quantification of polyphenols was carried out following C.crista methanolic extract(CCMeOH)HPLC fingerprinting,along with LC-MS and elucidated by MS LAMPS database.GC-MS of CCMeOH was screened for potential moieties.In vitro experimental results showed that the CCMe OH was potential extract that exhibited active inhibition of antioxidant property,cholinergic enzymes acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.For anti-amyloidogenic evaluations,among all the extracts,the CCMe OH was found to have the potential toward inhibiting the oligomers,fibrillation of Aβ42 with good defibrillation of amyloid cascading properties.Conclusions:These results are also supported by the presence of polyphenols as the active ingredients.Multi-potent target drug therapy is a promising option in treating the Alzheimer's diseases.Methanolic extract of C.crista shows potential activity against cholinergic enzymes,Aβ42 aggregation with antioxidant activity.展开更多
Two new rearranged diterpenoids, tomocinol C （1） and spirocaesalmin C （2） were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data,...Two new rearranged diterpenoids, tomocinol C （1） and spirocaesalmin C （2） were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, and their absolute configurations were established by single crystal X-ray crystallography.展开更多
Phytochemical investigation on the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan led to the isolation of five new cassanetype diterpenoids, named 11-oxo-phanginin A（1）, caesalsappanins O–Q（2–4） and phanginin U（5）,together with ...Phytochemical investigation on the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan led to the isolation of five new cassanetype diterpenoids, named 11-oxo-phanginin A（1）, caesalsappanins O–Q（2–4） and phanginin U（5）,together with five known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive analysis of mass spectrometric and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. All the new compounds showed moderate cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer MCF-7 and human colon cancer HCT116 cell lines.展开更多
To search naturally occurring interleukin-1β(IL-1β) inhibitors,biscaesalmins A(1) and B(2),two highly oxidized dimeric cassane diterpenoids with a newly formed alicyclic skeleton,have been isolated from the traditio...To search naturally occurring interleukin-1β(IL-1β) inhibitors,biscaesalmins A(1) and B(2),two highly oxidized dimeric cassane diterpenoids with a newly formed alicyclic skeleton,have been isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Kushilian(Caesalpinia minax).Their full structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical TD-DFT(time-dependent density functional theory) calculation.Biosynthetically,1 and 2 were formed via an intermolecular [4+2]Diels-Alder cycloaddition of two monomers,affording an additional six-membered carbon ring linkage.Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited nitric oxide production on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages,with IC_(50) values being at 1.20±0.23 and 2.30±0.15 μmol/L,respectively.Furthermore,compound 1 inhibited NLRP3(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasomemediated IL-1β production and blocked the migration of macrophages towards adipocyte conditioned medium.Biscaesalmins A and B might be candidates for treating inflammation-related metabolic diseases.展开更多
In a phytochemical investigation of Caesalpinia ferrea (Leguminosae), four aromatic compounds (1-4) have been isolated and identified. Their structures have been assigned based on data provided by spectroscopic techni...In a phytochemical investigation of Caesalpinia ferrea (Leguminosae), four aromatic compounds (1-4) have been isolated and identified. Their structures have been assigned based on data provided by spectroscopic techniques, including 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 3 and 4 are being reported for the first time for Cesalpina ferrea.展开更多
Antioxidant activities of the 95% ethanol extract from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood （ECS）, protosappanin A, protosappanin B, and brazilein were studied in vitro. The inhibition of the formation of malondialdehyde （...Antioxidant activities of the 95% ethanol extract from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood （ECS）, protosappanin A, protosappanin B, and brazilein were studied in vitro. The inhibition of the formation of malondialdehyde （MDA） and the scavenging of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals were assayed. The experimental results show that all four substances had antioxidant activity in vitro but their capabilities differed for the different indicators. ECS, protosappanin A, and protosappanin B show more inhibition of MDA and scavenging of hydrogen peroxide, while brazilein shows more scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. All the samples show little scavenging of superoxide anions.展开更多
Caesalpinia minax has a long history of use as a Chinese traditional herb medicine in Yunnan Province, China, for the treatment of skin-related diseases. A potent melanoma inhibitor, purified from the seeds of C. mina...Caesalpinia minax has a long history of use as a Chinese traditional herb medicine in Yunnan Province, China, for the treatment of skin-related diseases. A potent melanoma inhibitor, purified from the seeds of C. minaxand termed Caesalpinia minax protein (CMP), is a protein with a relative molecular mass of 19.8×10 3. Experiments were conducted to assay the inhibitive effects of CMP on the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of murine melanoma cell line K1735M2. The results showed that cell proliferation was suppressed by about 60% with treatment of 22 μg/mL CMP. Furthermore, the migration of K1735M2 cells was inhibited by 30% in the presence of 22 μg/mL CMP. The results also demonstrated that the inhibitive effect of CMP on the migration was dose-dependent. Although low-doses of CMP had no obvious inhibitive effect on the adhesion of K1735M2, 22 μg/mL CMP inhibited the adhesion of K1735M2 by 50%. These results suggest that CMP might be a potential medicine for melanoma therapy.展开更多
Objective:To clarify the active constituents of the heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan,a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of promoting blood circulation(Huoxue in Chinese)and removing blood stasis(Quyu in...Objective:To clarify the active constituents of the heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan,a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of promoting blood circulation(Huoxue in Chinese)and removing blood stasis(Quyu in Chinese).Methods:The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combination of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,along with semipreparative HPLC.Their chemical structures were established by multiple spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data.The in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activities were evaluated using mouse platelet induced by AYPGKF-NH2,a gold agonist of protease-activated receptor 4(PAR4).Results:Two new phenols,methyl 2-(4,4’,5’-trihydroxy-2’-(methoxymethyl)biphenyl-2-yloxy)acetate(1)and 1’-methylcaesalpin J(2),together with 24 known compounds(3-26),were isolated from the heartwoods of C.sappan.Among them,sappanchalcone(16)and brazilin(20)showed inhibitory activities against mouse platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 114.8μmol/L and 100.8μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion:Antiplatelet compounds from C.sappan targeting at PAR4 are reported for the first time.展开更多
Eighteen diterpenoids were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia mimosoides,including four extremely infrequent cassane diterpenes,together with nine new and five known structures.Compounds 7 and 8 represent the firs...Eighteen diterpenoids were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia mimosoides,including four extremely infrequent cassane diterpenes,together with nine new and five known structures.Compounds 7 and 8 represent the first examples of cassane diterpenoids fused with a ketone carbonyl and a ternary oxygen ring at C-4,respectively.Compounds 9 and 10 possess a rare five-member ring in cassane diterpenes.Intriguingly,these isolated components are a clue to the fact that there are lower and higher levels in the plant secondary metabolites,demonstrating the evolution of secondary metabolism of C.mimosoides.All the isolated compounds were tested for their anti-renal fibrosis activity against TGF-β1 induced NRK-52E cell model.The mRNA levels of fibrosis markerα-SMA,E-cadherin,Collagen I were tested by qRT-PCR.The data showed compounds 6 and 9 exhibited the best anti-renal fibrosis activity and provided preliminary structure−activity relationships.展开更多
Inflammation is a complex biological response to stimulation.Natural cassane diterpenoids from Caesalpinia genus exhibit significant anti-inflammation activity.Eight new cassane diterpenoids(1-8)along with seven known...Inflammation is a complex biological response to stimulation.Natural cassane diterpenoids from Caesalpinia genus exhibit significant anti-inflammation activity.Eight new cassane diterpenoids(1-8)along with seven known ones(9-15)were obtained from the seed kernels of Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb.This is the first report on chemical investigation of the seed kernels of C.cucullata,and the cassane diterpenes were found in this plant for the first time.Their structures were elucidated based on the extensive spectroscopic analyses,and the absolute configurations were identified by ECD calculation and X-ray crystallography.All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammation activity by inhibiting NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.Compounds 1-2 and 9-11 exhibited effective inhibitory activity with inhibition rate more than 50%.The iNOS enzyme activity and molecular docking experiments were performed to explore the preliminary mechanism.Eventually,a potential anti-inflammatory mechanism revealed that the bioactive cassane inhibited overproduction of NO by targeting key residues in the iNOS active cavity to reduce iNOS enzymatic activation.展开更多
文摘Background:Bonducellin is one of the bioactive compounds present in Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb(L).It is a homoisoflavonoid recognized for its anti-cancer,anti-androgenic,and anti-estrogenic properties and could potentially treat polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).However,the underlying molecular mechanism remains unexplored.This study aims to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of bonducellin in treating PCOS and its associated symptoms through an integrated approach combining network pharmacology,molecular docking,molecular dynamics simulation,and in vivo validation.Methods:Bonducellin-associated and PCOS-related genes were intersected using VENN analysis to determine common gene targets.KEGG pathway analysis was conducted to investigate the biological pathways involving the co-targeted genes.The protein-protein interactions of the target genes were performed to identify the key proteins interacting with bonducellin.Molecular docking and 100 ns molecular simulations were carried out to evaluate the binding affinity and conformational stability of bonducellin with the target proteins.Additionally,the acute toxicity of bonducellin was assessed on zebrafish embryos and in vivo gene expression studies were performed to examine its regulatory effect on the top co-targeted gene.Results:The intersection of bonducellin-associated and PCOS-related genes identified 76 co-targeted genes.KEGG pathway analysis revealed their involvement in 15 critical pathways,including steroid hormone biosynthesis.Protein-protein interaction and pathway enrichment analysis highlighted key targets,including MMP9,AR,KDR,PRKACA,KIT,CYP19A1,HSD11B1,ESR1,STAT3,ESR2,PRKCA,ROCK1,BRAF,HSD17B2,PIK3R1,and RAF1,all of which exhibited strong binding to bonducellin.Molecular simulations confirmed the stability of bonducellin to the top proteins,MMP9 and AR,with high binding scores.Acute toxicity studies in zebrafish embryos determined the LC50 value of bonducellin as 0.8μg/mL at 48 hpf.Gene expression analysis revealed that bonducellin differentially regulates the MMP9 gene that is involved in modulating PCOS-related pathways.Conclusion:This study suggests potential gene pathways and protein interactions through which bonducellin could exert therapeutic effects on PCOS and its associated disorders.This provides valuable insights for future research into understanding and developing bonducellin-based treatments for PCOS.
基金supported by the science and technology grant of Guangxi province(No.0639039)special purpose of basic scientific research operation grant for commonweal academy and institute of central authorities(No.YZ-1-24).
文摘A new cassane diterpenoid lactone was isolated from the seed of Caesalpinia minax. On the basis of spectral evidences, its structure was established as 12α-methoxyl, 5α, 14β-dihydroxy-1α, 6α, 7β-triacetoxycass-13（15）-en-16, 12-olide.
基金supported by the technological large platform for comprehensive research and development of new drugs in the Eleventh Five-Year"Significant New Drugs Created"Science and Technology Major Projects(No. 2009ZX09301-003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30973626)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Grant of Guangxi Province(No.0639039)special purpose of basic scientific research operation grant for Commonweal Academy and Institute of Central Authorities(No.YZ-1-24)Innovation capacity-building in Guangxi Science and Technology Agency(0443002-2)
文摘A new homoflavonoid was isolated from the seed of Caesalpinia minax Hance.On the basis of spectral evidences,its structure was established and named as minaxin.
文摘Caesalpinia sappan L.(CS) is a plant of Leguminosae family,commonly known as Brazil or Sappan wood.CS is distributed in Southeast Asia and its dried heartwood has been used as traditional ingredient of food or beverages and has a wide variety of medicinal properties.Higher extraction yield of CS wood was achieved with 95% ethanol for 2 h.Chemical constituent's investigation of sappan wood resulled in the isolation of various structural types of phenolic components including one xanihone,one coumarin,three chalcones,two flavones three homoisoflavonoids and brazilin.Brazilin[(6a S-cis)-7,11b-dihydrobcnz[b]indeno[1.2-d]pyran-3.6a.9.10(6H)- tetroll.a major and active compound found in CS heartwood.Most of the folkloric uses of brazilin were validated by the scientific studies such as antioxidant,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-photoaging.hypoglycemic,vasorelaxant,hepatoproteetive and anti-acne activity.CS heartwood extract is safe and did not produce any acute or subacute toxicity in both male and female rats.Brazilin is the safe natural compound having potential to develop as a medicinal compound with application in food,beverage,cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries to screen its clinical use in modern medicine.The information gained could provide the important and potential approach for pharmaceutical researcher to implicate the knowledge of brazilin in the formulation of new drug and to reveal therapeutic and gaps requiring future research opportunities.More studies are needed to evaluate the potential application of brazilin as preservative and coloring agent in food processing industries.
基金supported by the Technological Innovation R&D Program(No.S2443581)funded by the Small and Medium Business Administration(SMBA,Korea)
文摘Caesalpinia sappan L., belonging to the family Leguminosae, is a medicinal plant that is distributed in Southeast Asia. The dried heartwood of this plant is used as a traditional ingredient of food, red dyes, and folk medicines in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, tuberculosis, skin infections, and inflammation. Brazilin is the major active compound, which has exhibited various phar- macological effects, including anti-platelet activity, anti-hepatotoxicity, induction of immunological tolerance, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes of C. sappan L. extract and its major compound, brazilin, in human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to UVA irradiation. Our results indi- cated that C. sappan L. extract reduced UVA-induced H202 production via GPX7 activation. Moreover, brazilin exhibited anfioxidant effects that were similar to those of C. sappan L. via glutathione peroxidase 7 （GPX7）, suggesting that C. sappan L. extract and its natural compound represent potential treatments for oxidative stress-induced photoaging of skin.
基金Supported and financed by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the group linkage programme(joint project:"Bioactive phenolics from Egyptian folk medicinal plants",3.4-Fokoop-DEU/1093980)awarded to U.L.and M.N
文摘Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant ef ects of aqueous ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia ferrea(C. ferrea) leaf in normal and streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each were assigned into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal administration of STZ(65 mg/kg body weight). C. ferrea extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight was orally administered to both diabetic and non-diabetic animals for a period of 30 days. After completion of experimental duration serum, liver and pancreas were used for evaluating biochemical and histopathological changes.Results: Oral administration of C. ferrea leaf extract significantly reduced elevated serum glucose, α-amylase, liver function levels and signii cantly increased serum insulin, total protein and body weight as well as improved lipid proi le due to diabetes. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in a marked increase in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione, and diminished levels of lipid peroxidation in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Histopathological studies demonstrated the reduction in the pancreas and liver damage and coni rmed the biochemical i ndings.Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that the C. ferrea leaf extract ef ectively improved hyperglycaemia while inhibiting the progression of oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Hence, it can be used in the management of diabetes mellitus.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31460085)
文摘Fifteen compounds were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Caesalpiniaenneaphylla. Their structures were identified to be: (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)- 5,7-dihydroxychroman-4-one (1), 8-methoxybonducellin (2), (E)-3-(3,4- dihydroxybenzylidene)-5,7-hydroxychroman-4-one (3), 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone (4), oxyfadichalcone B (5), 7-hydroxyflavonone (6), pinocembrin (7), kaempferol (8), quercitrin (9), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (10), quercetin 3-O-α-D-arabinoside (11), trans-2,3-diacetoxy-1-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-cyclohexa-4,6-diene (12), 3-hydroxybenzyl benzoate (13), 2-acetoxybenzyl benzoate (14), and glutinol (15). All the compounds were isolated from C. enneaphylla for the first time.
基金the Research Institute of Rangsit University for financial support (Grant No. 14/2560)
文摘Objective: The objective of the work was to optimize the extraction conditions of Caesalpinia sappan L.heartwood in order to maximize the brazilin content and antibacterial activity of the extract.Methods: Two independent factors were studied: extraction temperature(45–95 °C) and extraction time(30–60 min). In addition, five dependent factors were monitored, including extraction yield, brazilin content, and clear zones against Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, Staphylococcus epidermidis TISTR 518 and Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14961. The brazilin content was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and antibacterial activity was determined by disk diffusion assay.Results: The high temperature provided high total extract yield as well as brazilin content, while extraction time had little effect on yield or brazilin content. Extraction time had a positive effect, while extraction temperature had little effect on clear zone against S. aureus. The largest clear zone against S. epidermidis was achieved at low extraction temperature and long extraction time. Conversely, short extraction time and high extraction temperature provided the largest clear zone against P. acnes. The optimal conditions providing the highest brazilin content was an extraction temperature and extraction time of 95 °C and 30 min, respectively.The same optimal conditions also provided the simultaneous greatest antibacterial activity against the three bacteria. Modeled optimal conditions were validated be conducting extraction using these values. Yield and antibacterial activity of the resulting extract demonstrated that the model had a low percentage error.Conclusion: The optimal condition will be used as a standard condition for extraction of C. sappan heartwood to maximize brazilin content and antibacterial activity.
基金Jain University,Bangalore for the financial support
文摘Objective:To screen plant extract fractions and elucidate the components present in Caesalpinia crista(C.crista)leaves for cholinergic and anti-amyloidogenic activities for the treatment of Alzheimer's diseases.Methods:This work has been carried out to study the action of C.crista extracts from nonpolar to polar solvents toward inhibition of oxidative stress,cholinergic and amyloidosis.The antioxidant activity was studied using DPPH total antioxidant assay;cholinergic assay by Ellman's method and anti-amyloidogenic assay by thioflavin-T fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy.Results:The quantification of polyphenols was carried out following C.crista methanolic extract(CCMeOH)HPLC fingerprinting,along with LC-MS and elucidated by MS LAMPS database.GC-MS of CCMeOH was screened for potential moieties.In vitro experimental results showed that the CCMe OH was potential extract that exhibited active inhibition of antioxidant property,cholinergic enzymes acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.For anti-amyloidogenic evaluations,among all the extracts,the CCMe OH was found to have the potential toward inhibiting the oligomers,fibrillation of Aβ42 with good defibrillation of amyloid cascading properties.Conclusions:These results are also supported by the presence of polyphenols as the active ingredients.Multi-potent target drug therapy is a promising option in treating the Alzheimer's diseases.Methanolic extract of C.crista shows potential activity against cholinergic enzymes,Aβ42 aggregation with antioxidant activity.
基金financial support of the National Science & Technology Major Project ‘‘Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program’’ (No.2012ZX09301001-001)the National Natural Science Funds (No.81302657,81473112,81573305)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KSZD-EW-Z-004-01)the Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology (No.12JC1410300)
文摘Two new rearranged diterpenoids, tomocinol C （1） and spirocaesalmin C （2） were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, and their absolute configurations were established by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
基金Financial support by Science and Technology Development Fund, Macao S.A.R (No. FDCT 120/2013/A3)the Research Fund of University of Macao (Nos. MYRG2014-00020-ICMS-QRCM and MYRG2015-00153-ICMS-QRCM)
文摘Phytochemical investigation on the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan led to the isolation of five new cassanetype diterpenoids, named 11-oxo-phanginin A（1）, caesalsappanins O–Q（2–4） and phanginin U（5）,together with five known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive analysis of mass spectrometric and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. All the new compounds showed moderate cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer MCF-7 and human colon cancer HCT116 cell lines.
基金the financial support of the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR (No.FDCT 0031/2019/ A1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81872754 and 81872756)University of Macao,Macao SAR (Nos.MYRG2017-00109-ICMS and MYRG2018-00037-ICMS)。
文摘To search naturally occurring interleukin-1β(IL-1β) inhibitors,biscaesalmins A(1) and B(2),two highly oxidized dimeric cassane diterpenoids with a newly formed alicyclic skeleton,have been isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Kushilian(Caesalpinia minax).Their full structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical TD-DFT(time-dependent density functional theory) calculation.Biosynthetically,1 and 2 were formed via an intermolecular [4+2]Diels-Alder cycloaddition of two monomers,affording an additional six-membered carbon ring linkage.Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited nitric oxide production on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages,with IC_(50) values being at 1.20±0.23 and 2.30±0.15 μmol/L,respectively.Furthermore,compound 1 inhibited NLRP3(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasomemediated IL-1β production and blocked the migration of macrophages towards adipocyte conditioned medium.Biscaesalmins A and B might be candidates for treating inflammation-related metabolic diseases.
基金The authors are grateful to Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES),Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)e Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(FUNCAP)for the scholarship and for financial support.
文摘In a phytochemical investigation of Caesalpinia ferrea (Leguminosae), four aromatic compounds (1-4) have been isolated and identified. Their structures have been assigned based on data provided by spectroscopic techniques, including 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 3 and 4 are being reported for the first time for Cesalpina ferrea.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 30572340)the Fund for Doctoral Station of the Ministry of Education, China (No. 20060003072)the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of the 11th Five-Year Plan of China (No. 2006BAI08B03-09)
文摘Antioxidant activities of the 95% ethanol extract from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood （ECS）, protosappanin A, protosappanin B, and brazilein were studied in vitro. The inhibition of the formation of malondialdehyde （MDA） and the scavenging of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals were assayed. The experimental results show that all four substances had antioxidant activity in vitro but their capabilities differed for the different indicators. ECS, protosappanin A, and protosappanin B show more inhibition of MDA and scavenging of hydrogen peroxide, while brazilein shows more scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. All the samples show little scavenging of superoxide anions.
基金Supported by the Foundation of Combined ResearchProject of Tsinghua University,Hong Kong BaptistUniversity and Beijing University of Chinese Medicineon Chinese Traditional Medicine
文摘Caesalpinia minax has a long history of use as a Chinese traditional herb medicine in Yunnan Province, China, for the treatment of skin-related diseases. A potent melanoma inhibitor, purified from the seeds of C. minaxand termed Caesalpinia minax protein (CMP), is a protein with a relative molecular mass of 19.8×10 3. Experiments were conducted to assay the inhibitive effects of CMP on the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of murine melanoma cell line K1735M2. The results showed that cell proliferation was suppressed by about 60% with treatment of 22 μg/mL CMP. Furthermore, the migration of K1735M2 cells was inhibited by 30% in the presence of 22 μg/mL CMP. The results also demonstrated that the inhibitive effect of CMP on the migration was dose-dependent. Although low-doses of CMP had no obvious inhibitive effect on the adhesion of K1735M2, 22 μg/mL CMP inhibited the adhesion of K1735M2 by 50%. These results suggest that CMP might be a potential medicine for melanoma therapy.
基金supported by the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(153631KYSB20160004)the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y4ZK111B01).
文摘Objective:To clarify the active constituents of the heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan,a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of promoting blood circulation(Huoxue in Chinese)and removing blood stasis(Quyu in Chinese).Methods:The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combination of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,along with semipreparative HPLC.Their chemical structures were established by multiple spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data.The in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activities were evaluated using mouse platelet induced by AYPGKF-NH2,a gold agonist of protease-activated receptor 4(PAR4).Results:Two new phenols,methyl 2-(4,4’,5’-trihydroxy-2’-(methoxymethyl)biphenyl-2-yloxy)acetate(1)and 1’-methylcaesalpin J(2),together with 24 known compounds(3-26),were isolated from the heartwoods of C.sappan.Among them,sappanchalcone(16)and brazilin(20)showed inhibitory activities against mouse platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 114.8μmol/L and 100.8μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion:Antiplatelet compounds from C.sappan targeting at PAR4 are reported for the first time.
基金The authors are grateful to the received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670359)the Liaoning Revitallzation Talents Program(No.XLYC 1905019)the Natural Science Foundation of Llaoning Province(No.201602691).
文摘Eighteen diterpenoids were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia mimosoides,including four extremely infrequent cassane diterpenes,together with nine new and five known structures.Compounds 7 and 8 represent the first examples of cassane diterpenoids fused with a ketone carbonyl and a ternary oxygen ring at C-4,respectively.Compounds 9 and 10 possess a rare five-member ring in cassane diterpenes.Intriguingly,these isolated components are a clue to the fact that there are lower and higher levels in the plant secondary metabolites,demonstrating the evolution of secondary metabolism of C.mimosoides.All the isolated compounds were tested for their anti-renal fibrosis activity against TGF-β1 induced NRK-52E cell model.The mRNA levels of fibrosis markerα-SMA,E-cadherin,Collagen I were tested by qRT-PCR.The data showed compounds 6 and 9 exhibited the best anti-renal fibrosis activity and provided preliminary structure−activity relationships.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670359)Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC 1905019)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.201602691)The authors wish to thank Dr.Jiuzhi Yuan(Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang,China)for species identification of the plant materials.
文摘Inflammation is a complex biological response to stimulation.Natural cassane diterpenoids from Caesalpinia genus exhibit significant anti-inflammation activity.Eight new cassane diterpenoids(1-8)along with seven known ones(9-15)were obtained from the seed kernels of Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb.This is the first report on chemical investigation of the seed kernels of C.cucullata,and the cassane diterpenes were found in this plant for the first time.Their structures were elucidated based on the extensive spectroscopic analyses,and the absolute configurations were identified by ECD calculation and X-ray crystallography.All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammation activity by inhibiting NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.Compounds 1-2 and 9-11 exhibited effective inhibitory activity with inhibition rate more than 50%.The iNOS enzyme activity and molecular docking experiments were performed to explore the preliminary mechanism.Eventually,a potential anti-inflammatory mechanism revealed that the bioactive cassane inhibited overproduction of NO by targeting key residues in the iNOS active cavity to reduce iNOS enzymatic activation.
