问题导向学习是针对问题解决过程所进行的学习,对于问题导向学习而言,问题设计的有效性直接影响着问题导向学习的成功实施。研究已经表明,在所施行的问题导向学习中,设计的问题并非总是有效的。无效的问题不仅会影响到学生获得足够的领...问题导向学习是针对问题解决过程所进行的学习,对于问题导向学习而言,问题设计的有效性直接影响着问题导向学习的成功实施。研究已经表明,在所施行的问题导向学习中,设计的问题并非总是有效的。无效的问题不仅会影响到学生获得足够的领域知识,也会影响到学生问题解决能力或高阶思维能力的发展。美国北达科他州大学洪暐博士于2006年就面向问题导向学习提出了问题设计的3C3R模型。3C3R模型包括两类成分:核心成分和过程成分。核心成分是内容、情境和联系(content,context and connection),这3个核心成分主要用来支持领域知识的学习,如概念、规则和原理知识。过程成分是探究、推理和反思(researching,reasoning andreflecting),这3个过程成分则关注学习者的认知学习过程,用来支持学生应用所获得的领域知识来解决复杂问题,发展学生高级思维能力及学生自我导向能力。洪暐博士长期对问题导向学习、问题解决、问题类型与难度、系统思考与建模等主题进行研究,他提出的3C3R模型解决了教学设计者和教师在问题导向学习设计中的实际问题。本文将围绕问题导向学习的本质及其有效性来介绍了3C3R问题设计模型创建的基本观点、构成要件及其应用价值。展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is characterized by pathological lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.Cyanidin-3-rutinoside(C3R),a natural anthocyanin,attenuated lipid accumulation in a free fatty acid(FFA)-induc...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is characterized by pathological lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.Cyanidin-3-rutinoside(C3R),a natural anthocyanin,attenuated lipid accumulation in a free fatty acid(FFA)-induced HepG2 steatosis model.It significantly reduced intracellular triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels,suppressed lipid droplet formation,and alleviated oxidative stress by enhancing superoxide dismutase(SOD)/catalase(CAT)activities,as well as increasing glutathione(GSH)content,while lowering malondialdehyde(MDA)and reactive oxygen species(ROS).RNA sequencing analysis revealed that C3R reversed FFA-induced transcriptomic alterations.Mechanistically,C3R inhibited sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2(SREBP2)-mediated cholesterol synthesis,activated the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)/low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR)pathway to promote cholesterol clearance,and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)-dependent cytochrome p450 family 7 subfamily a member 1(CYP7A1)expression to stimulate bile acid synthesis from cholesterol.C3R also enhanced autophagic flux,thereby facilitating the degradation of lipid droplets.Molecular docking confirmed the high-affinity binding of C3R to insulin-induced gene 1(INSIG1),PCSK9,and PPARγ,with hydroxyl groups forming specific hydrogen bonds at the active sites,supporting direct target engagement.These findings establish a multi-targeted mechanism for C3R in ameliorating hepatic steatosis,providing a molecular basis for anthocyanin-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism.展开更多
文摘问题导向学习是针对问题解决过程所进行的学习,对于问题导向学习而言,问题设计的有效性直接影响着问题导向学习的成功实施。研究已经表明,在所施行的问题导向学习中,设计的问题并非总是有效的。无效的问题不仅会影响到学生获得足够的领域知识,也会影响到学生问题解决能力或高阶思维能力的发展。美国北达科他州大学洪暐博士于2006年就面向问题导向学习提出了问题设计的3C3R模型。3C3R模型包括两类成分:核心成分和过程成分。核心成分是内容、情境和联系(content,context and connection),这3个核心成分主要用来支持领域知识的学习,如概念、规则和原理知识。过程成分是探究、推理和反思(researching,reasoning andreflecting),这3个过程成分则关注学习者的认知学习过程,用来支持学生应用所获得的领域知识来解决复杂问题,发展学生高级思维能力及学生自我导向能力。洪暐博士长期对问题导向学习、问题解决、问题类型与难度、系统思考与建模等主题进行研究,他提出的3C3R模型解决了教学设计者和教师在问题导向学习设计中的实际问题。本文将围绕问题导向学习的本质及其有效性来介绍了3C3R问题设计模型创建的基本观点、构成要件及其应用价值。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31571825)Tianjin University Independent Innovation Foundation(2025XC-0001)2024 Graduate International Teaching System Construction Project(ENT24004).
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is characterized by pathological lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.Cyanidin-3-rutinoside(C3R),a natural anthocyanin,attenuated lipid accumulation in a free fatty acid(FFA)-induced HepG2 steatosis model.It significantly reduced intracellular triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels,suppressed lipid droplet formation,and alleviated oxidative stress by enhancing superoxide dismutase(SOD)/catalase(CAT)activities,as well as increasing glutathione(GSH)content,while lowering malondialdehyde(MDA)and reactive oxygen species(ROS).RNA sequencing analysis revealed that C3R reversed FFA-induced transcriptomic alterations.Mechanistically,C3R inhibited sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2(SREBP2)-mediated cholesterol synthesis,activated the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)/low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR)pathway to promote cholesterol clearance,and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)-dependent cytochrome p450 family 7 subfamily a member 1(CYP7A1)expression to stimulate bile acid synthesis from cholesterol.C3R also enhanced autophagic flux,thereby facilitating the degradation of lipid droplets.Molecular docking confirmed the high-affinity binding of C3R to insulin-induced gene 1(INSIG1),PCSK9,and PPARγ,with hydroxyl groups forming specific hydrogen bonds at the active sites,supporting direct target engagement.These findings establish a multi-targeted mechanism for C3R in ameliorating hepatic steatosis,providing a molecular basis for anthocyanin-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism.
