This paper examines the hypothesis that non-native plant invasions are related to fluctuating resource availability as proposed by Davis et al. （2000）. I measured relative functional responses of both invasive and n...This paper examines the hypothesis that non-native plant invasions are related to fluctuating resource availability as proposed by Davis et al. （2000）. I measured relative functional responses of both invasive and native plants to changed resource availability due to nutrient enrichment and rainfall, and to increased disturbance. Data are presented from studies in two contrasting ecosystems. First is a series of glasshouse and field experiments on the invader Hieracium lepidulum and associated invasive and native species in subalpine temperate New Zealand. Second is a field study of invasive and native plant responses to altered disturbance regimes and rainfall from tropical savannas of north eastern Australia. Invaders responded differently from native species to changes in resource availability in both subalpine and tropical studies. However, invaders differed among themselves showing that different species exploit different functional niches to invade their respective habitats. These findings contribute to the contention that the fluctuating resource hypothesis does not provide a universal explanation for plant invasions. The diverse functional responses to increased resource availability among invaders in this and previous studies suggest that the cause of invasion depends on unique combinations of habitat and functional attributes of invaders and native assemblages. Such findings imply that universal predictions of what will happen under climate change scenarios across the globe will be difficult to make.展开更多
为了研究高岭土电渗过程中在电极处加入CaCl_2溶液对电流、排水量、界面电阻、土体电阻率及最终抗剪强度等的影响,开展了相关室内试验。结果表明:电极处加入CaCl_2溶液后,电流的减小趋势得到有效控制,电渗过程中电流大小与加入CaCl_2溶...为了研究高岭土电渗过程中在电极处加入CaCl_2溶液对电流、排水量、界面电阻、土体电阻率及最终抗剪强度等的影响,开展了相关室内试验。结果表明:电极处加入CaCl_2溶液后,电流的减小趋势得到有效控制,电渗过程中电流大小与加入CaCl_2溶液的量有关,也可能与阳极所加CaCl_2溶液所占比例或者与CaCl_2溶液加入的时间有关;排水量变大,本试验条件下电渗排水量提高了10.9%;电极处加入CaCl_2溶液对阴极处界面电阻的减小很明显;电极处加入CaCl_2溶液后土体总电阻率下降较为明显,而阴极附近土体电阻率的下降对土体总电阻率下降起主要贡献;阳极和中部土体最终抗剪强度提高比较明显,尤其是阳极土体最终抗剪强度提高了16.4 k Pa,但阴极土体抗剪强度无明显提高,因此可以考虑用反转电极的方法来加固阴极土体。该研究可为高岭土电渗试验提供新思路。展开更多
文摘This paper examines the hypothesis that non-native plant invasions are related to fluctuating resource availability as proposed by Davis et al. （2000）. I measured relative functional responses of both invasive and native plants to changed resource availability due to nutrient enrichment and rainfall, and to increased disturbance. Data are presented from studies in two contrasting ecosystems. First is a series of glasshouse and field experiments on the invader Hieracium lepidulum and associated invasive and native species in subalpine temperate New Zealand. Second is a field study of invasive and native plant responses to altered disturbance regimes and rainfall from tropical savannas of north eastern Australia. Invaders responded differently from native species to changes in resource availability in both subalpine and tropical studies. However, invaders differed among themselves showing that different species exploit different functional niches to invade their respective habitats. These findings contribute to the contention that the fluctuating resource hypothesis does not provide a universal explanation for plant invasions. The diverse functional responses to increased resource availability among invaders in this and previous studies suggest that the cause of invasion depends on unique combinations of habitat and functional attributes of invaders and native assemblages. Such findings imply that universal predictions of what will happen under climate change scenarios across the globe will be difficult to make.
文摘为了研究高岭土电渗过程中在电极处加入CaCl_2溶液对电流、排水量、界面电阻、土体电阻率及最终抗剪强度等的影响,开展了相关室内试验。结果表明:电极处加入CaCl_2溶液后,电流的减小趋势得到有效控制,电渗过程中电流大小与加入CaCl_2溶液的量有关,也可能与阳极所加CaCl_2溶液所占比例或者与CaCl_2溶液加入的时间有关;排水量变大,本试验条件下电渗排水量提高了10.9%;电极处加入CaCl_2溶液对阴极处界面电阻的减小很明显;电极处加入CaCl_2溶液后土体总电阻率下降较为明显,而阴极附近土体电阻率的下降对土体总电阻率下降起主要贡献;阳极和中部土体最终抗剪强度提高比较明显,尤其是阳极土体最终抗剪强度提高了16.4 k Pa,但阴极土体抗剪强度无明显提高,因此可以考虑用反转电极的方法来加固阴极土体。该研究可为高岭土电渗试验提供新思路。
