Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its ...Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its prevalence varies by region. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in schools in the Upper Sassandra region to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of school children regarding schistosomiasis. In total, 354 students participated in the survey. Our results showed that, compared to the girls, the boys had a higher level of knowledge about schistosomiasis OR = 1.605 and p = 0.05. Regarding the signs, symptoms, and modes of transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis, the participants reported a low level of knowledge p > 0.05 and OR 1. In conclusion, it is important to target health messages in schools to reach the most vulnerable students effectively. This initiative aims to provide children with basic knowledge and skills in the transmission of schistosomiasis.展开更多
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world’s leading cereal crop, with production estimated at over 1 billion tonnes in 2022. In Côte d’Ivoire, maize is one of the most widely consumed foods, with national production exc...Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world’s leading cereal crop, with production estimated at over 1 billion tonnes in 2022. In Côte d’Ivoire, maize is one of the most widely consumed foods, with national production exceeding 1 million tonnes in 2022. Despite its importance, this crop is subject to numerous biotic constraints, including Maize streak virus (MSV). The objective of this study was to characterize MSV isolates from Côte d’Ivoire using molecular biology techniques. To achieve this, maize leaf samples displaying characteristic symptoms of MSV were collected from different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Côte d’Ivoire. Total DNA was extracted from the collected samples using the CTAB method and quantified with a Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The C2 region of the MSV genome’s open reading frame (ORF) was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using MSV-specific primers. The resulting PCR products were sequenced using the Sanger method. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using MSV sequences from other African countries (retrieved from NCBI) alongside sequences obtained in this study. The analysis was conducted using MEGA X version 10.05 software. The results showed that the main symptoms observed in the field included the presence of longitudinal light green streaks on leaves, stunted plant growth, and incomplete seed development in infected plants. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences from Côte d’Ivoire revealed three monophyletic groups, with sequences of some isolates collected from the same plot belonging to different groups. The MSV sequences from Côte d’Ivoire are very close to those from Rwanda. This study underscores the need for further investigation into the genetic diversity of MSV strains to enhance the diagnosis and management of this viral disease, which is particularly prevalent in maize crops in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
This study examines the socio-economic profile of livestock farmers in coastal Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 43 people were interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using de...This study examines the socio-economic profile of livestock farmers in coastal Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 43 people were interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive methods. The results showed that local Lagoon breeders are divided into two zones: southwest and southeast. Breeders in the south-western region are generally located in two sub-prefectures of the Tabou Department (Grabo and Oulodio). Tabou’s department alone accounts for 42% of the Lagoon breed in Côte d’Ivoire. Agriculture in this area is traditionally sedentary, practiced for social reasons. On the other hand, the south-eastern zone, located in the departments of Aboisso, Adzopé, Agboville, Grand-Lahou, Jacqueville, Abidjan, Dabou and Sikensi, represents 58% of the Lagoon breeding area in Côte d’Ivoire. This second group is characterised by improved breeding. Most of the farmers interviewed in this zone breed for economic reasons. However, the risk of cross-breeding, which already affects the local Lagoon breed, could be increased by the presence of other species such as the Zebu and Ndamas, or even the Baoulé, in this south-eastern herd.展开更多
Production of this crop is experiencing significant challenges, resulting in a decline in seed and fiber quality. To address this challenge, generations of high-performance cotton plants of the Gossypium hirsutum L. s...Production of this crop is experiencing significant challenges, resulting in a decline in seed and fiber quality. To address this challenge, generations of high-performance cotton plants of the Gossypium hirsutum L. species have been developed and are currently being commercialized. This study evaluated the impact of gin types on the agro-industrial quality of cotton in Côte d’Ivoire. To this end, cotton from the G3, R1, and R2 generations was harvested, sampled, and ginned on machines with 10 and 170 saws in the localities of Ouangolodougou, Ferkessédougou, Korhogo, M’Bengué, Boundiali, Séguéla, and Mankono, as well as at the Centre National de Recherche Agronomique CNRA) in Bouaké. The results demonstrated that cotton fibers obtained from ginning on 10-saw machines exhibited superior quality compared to those from 170-saw machines. Fiber length, fiber length uniformity, and short fiber rate exhibited the highest deviations according to gin type. The use of 170-saw gins resulted in a notable decline in quality. Conversely, micronaire index, fiber tenacity and elongation, and reflectance remained consistent across machine types. These results will enable us to more effectively regulate and advise cotton-processing factories, which primarily utilize 170-saw gins to enhance agro-industrial quality in Côte d’Ivoire. Furthermore, these results will assist breeders in incorporating them into their processes to enhance the quality of the varieties they offer to farmers.展开更多
Background: Since it was theorised by Abdel Omran in 1971, the epidemiological transition has been well documented in Latin America, Asia and even increasingly in Africa south of the Sahara. According to this theory, ...Background: Since it was theorised by Abdel Omran in 1971, the epidemiological transition has been well documented in Latin America, Asia and even increasingly in Africa south of the Sahara. According to this theory, sub-Saharan Africa is in the first phase of development corresponding to the “age of plague and famine”. Given the health statistics currently available, more and more low- and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa, are experiencing an increase in mortality and the economic impact associated with non-communicable diseases. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa where non-communicable diseases are currently on the rise. Despite the significant changes observed over the last decades, few studies have been carried out on the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire. It therefore seemed necessary to examine the changes in patterns of disease occurrence and causes of death in Côte d’Ivoire. Objectives: This work aimed to determine the reality of the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire and characterize its facies from 1990 to 2020. Methods: A literature review was carried out using PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Google, institutional websites (WHO, World Bank), university library websites and institutional reports from Côte d’Ivoire. The indicators sought were mortality, morbidity, life expectancy and fertility. Results: Mortality fell overall from 13.88‰ to 9.70‰, with variations linked to cyclical situations. Life expectancy rose by 52.6 to 59.03 years, although it is still below 60. Fertility has fallen from 6.3 to 4.5 children. There is a general downward trend in morbidity due to communicable diseases between 2009 and 2019, followed by an increase in non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: Côte d’Ivoire is undergoing an original and complex epidemiological transition that needs to be taken into account in health policies and strategies.展开更多
Sweet potato is one of the most important crops in Côte d’Ivoire. However, some constraints related to climate change limit its production. This study evaluated the agronomic and technological performances of ei...Sweet potato is one of the most important crops in Côte d’Ivoire. However, some constraints related to climate change limit its production. This study evaluated the agronomic and technological performances of eight varieties of orange-fleshed of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) to identify the most promising ones. The results show three groups of varieties with different agronomic performances. Group 1 composed of Irene and Vita is characterized by low production of small and large tuberous roots, low number of productive plants and low yield. Group 2 consisting mainly of Kabode is characterized by high production and weight of large tuberous roots as well as high yield. Group 3, composed of Tacha-2 Ininda, Ejumula Gloria, TIB-440060, CIP-199062-1, Bela bela is characterized by high production of small and large tuberous roots, high number of productive plants and average yield. The TIB-440060 variety has a recovery rate of 100%. The Irene, Kabode, Vita, Kabode varieties were resistant to viral and fungal diseases. In terms of technological quality, the TIB-440060 and CIP-199062-1 varieties have the best organoleptic qualities. Given the agronomic performances of the Kabode, TIB-440060 and CIP-199062-1 varieties, could be selected as the elites varieties and distributed to producers.展开更多
Introduction: Studies of abnormal ventilatory function in Côte d’Ivoire have been carried out in the workplace and in schools. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms ...Introduction: Studies of abnormal ventilatory function in Côte d’Ivoire have been carried out in the workplace and in schools. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function abnormalities in the population of the lagoon district of Attécoubé in Abidjan. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 170 people in the municipality of Attécoubé Lagune. A questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental characteristics. A basic spirometry and a beta mimetic test were carried out on all the subjects surveyed. Data analysis was done with the stata 15.1 software. Results: The study population was composed of 103 women and 67 men with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.65. The average age was 35.92 ± 15.28 years. The most frequent respiratory symptoms were chest tightness (29.41%), dyspnea (28.82%), sneezing (22.94%) and cough (22.35%). The prevalence of ventilatory function abnormalities was 43.24% among residents of Attécoubé Lagune and the most frequent abnormality was ventilatory restriction (35.15%) followed by obstruction (4.85%). The risk factor for ventilatory function abnormalities was heavy pollution [OR = 2.66;IC: 1.053 - 6.743;P = 0.038]. Conclusion: Residents of the Attécoubé Lagune district had many respiratory symptoms and a high prevalence of ventilatory function abnormalities. Improving air quality is urgently needed in this municipality.展开更多
Since 2015, Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s largest cashew producer. However, cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire are infected by fungal diseases that weaken production. And the contribution of weeds to t...Since 2015, Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s largest cashew producer. However, cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire are infected by fungal diseases that weaken production. And the contribution of weeds to the spread of these diseases is not yet understood. This study was initiated with the aim of establishing the role of weeds in the proliferation of pathogenic fungi in orchards. It consisted of a survey of weeds showing disease symptoms in cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire from February 2021 to July 2022. The itinerant method was used for the weed inventory. Symptomatic leaves were collected and sent to the laboratory for diagnosis on PDA (Potatoes Dextrose Agar) medium. In total, 50 species in 46 genera and 23 families were recorded. Laboratory diagnosis of the samples showed that 80% of the weeds identified harboured pathogenic fungi. The highest infection rates were obtained on Danielia oliveri R. (99.33% to 100%), Vitellaria paradoxa G. (100%), Pterocarpus erinaceus P. (83.91% to 99.33%), Micuna pruriens L. (98.33% to 100%) and Isoberlinia doka C. et S. (56.33% to 100%). The diagnosis revealed the presence of Lasiodiplodia sp, Colletotrichum sp, Pestalotia sp, Alternaria sp and Curvularia sp on weeds in the cashew orchard in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
Cocoa farming faces numerous constraints that affect production levels. Among these constraints are termites, one of the biggest scourges in tropical agriculture and agroforestry. The aim of this study is to assess th...Cocoa farming faces numerous constraints that affect production levels. Among these constraints are termites, one of the biggest scourges in tropical agriculture and agroforestry. The aim of this study is to assess the level of damage caused by termites in cocoa plantations. To this end, 3 plantations were selected. In each of the 3 plantations, 18 plots containing an average of 47 ± 6 cocoa plants were delimited. Sampling was based on 25 cocoa plants per plot. The study consisted in sampling the termites observed on the plants and noting the type of damage caused by them, taking into account the density of the harvest veneers and, above all, the termites’ progress through the anatomical structures of the plant, i.e. the bark, sapwood and heartwood. A total of 8 termite species were collected from cocoa plants. These species are responsible for four types of damage (D1, D2, D3 and D4), grouped into minor damage (D1 and D2) and major damage (D3 and D4). D1 damage ranged from 24.67% ± 5.64% to 39.55% ± 7.43%. D2 damage ranged from 6.88% ± 1.31% to 9.33% ± 2.79%. D3 damage ranged from 2.88% ± 1.55% to 6.44% ± 1.55%. D4 damage ranged from 1.11% ± 1% to 3.11% ± 1.37%. Among the termite species collected, Microcerotermes sp, C. sjostedti, A. crucifer and P. militaris were the most formidable on cocoa trees in our study locality. In view of the extensive damage caused by termites, biological control measures should be considered, using insecticidal plants.展开更多
Background: In the context of the fight against HIV, a lack of skills in monitoring and evaluating the personnel in charge of activities has been identified at the national level. It was the subject of a priority axis...Background: In the context of the fight against HIV, a lack of skills in monitoring and evaluating the personnel in charge of activities has been identified at the national level. It was the subject of a priority axis of the national plan for monitoring and evaluating the fight against HIV (2006-2010) that was aimed at strengthening the capacities of actors in this area. To increase the critical mass of competent human resources in the short term, the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) of Côte d’Ivoire organized monitoring and evaluation training sessions for healthcare professionals from 2011 to 2016. Methods: A single case study with multiple levels of analysis was carried out, combining a qualitative survey and a literature review. An evaluation was carried out six months after each training session. In addition, the results of the pre- and post-tests and of the daily and final evaluations that accompanied the various training sessions were used to provide further information. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using INVIVO 15 software. Results: Some 89 health professionals (69% men and 31% women) working at the national level (51% at the central level, including 58% in health programs) and in development partner agencies (37%) participated in this capacity building program. Most participants were senior health managers (56%), data managers (23%), and statisticians and computer scientists (10%). Almost all the trainings were financed by 16 technical and financial partners (85%), mainly the MEASURE Evaluation project (27%). Conclusion: M&E training, despite all its imperfections, has made it possible to identify M&E training needs at the national level and to increase the critical mass of national skills and to have some culture in M&E.展开更多
Background: In Côte d’Ivoire so far, the circulating haplotypes have been inferred on the phenotypic profiling of SCD patients. The impact of the circulating haplotypes on the use of Hydroxyurea has not been ass...Background: In Côte d’Ivoire so far, the circulating haplotypes have been inferred on the phenotypic profiling of SCD patients. The impact of the circulating haplotypes on the use of Hydroxyurea has not been assessed yet. Therefore the objective of this study is to identify in Abidjan the HbS haplotypes that modulate HU treatment responses. Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study, children aged 5 to 15 years with SCD, and carrying the hemoglobin phenotypes SSFA2 and SFA2, were recruited into a HU treatment cohort. Various parameters on the haplotypes and the outcomes of the treatment were analyzed. Results: Thirty nine children with SCD were included. The phenotypic profile of the cohort was 86.6% of SSFA2 and 15.4% of SFA2. Three haplotypes were found, the Benin haplotype, the Senegal haplotype, and an atypical one. The participants belonged to three genotypes, Benin/atypical (64.1%), Benin/Senegal (33.3%) and Senegal/Senegal (2.6%). Overall, HU treatment was successful in all haplotypes with 12 out of 39 patients failing treatment after 12 months in the Benin haplotype group. The association between HU treatment success and the Benin haplotype was found in terms of the decrease in the number of white blood cells and the students missing class. Conclusion: The study revealed that inferring haplotype based on the phenotypic profile could be inaccurate. The proportion of atypical haplotype that were not previously described in Côte d’Ivoire was high. All the haplotypes seemed to be associated with HU treatment success but some patients with Benin haplotype did not respond well.展开更多
The rise of new viruses, like SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 outbreak, along with the return of antibiotic resistance in harmful bacteria, demands a swift and efficient reaction to safeguard the health and welfare of...The rise of new viruses, like SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 outbreak, along with the return of antibiotic resistance in harmful bacteria, demands a swift and efficient reaction to safeguard the health and welfare of the global population. It is crucial to have effective measures for prevention, intervention, and monitoring in place to address these evolving and recurring risks, ensuring public health and international security. In countries with limited resources, utilizing recombinant mutation plasmid technology in conjunction with PCR-HRM could help differentiate the existence of novel variants. cDNA synthesis was carried out on 8 nasopharyngeal samples following viral RNA extraction. The P1 segment of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike S protein was amplified via conventional PCR. Subsequently, PCR products were ligated with the pGEM-T Easy vector to generate eight recombinant SARS-CoV-2 plasmids. Clones containing mutations were sequenced using Sanger sequencing and analyzed through PCR-HRM. The P1 segment of the S gene from SARS-CoV-2 was successfully amplified, resulting in 8 recombinant plasmids generated from the 231 bp fragment. PCR-HRM analysis of these recombinant plasmids differentiated three variations within the SARS-CoV-2 plasmid population, each displaying distinct melting temperatures. Sanger sequencing identified mutations A112C, G113T, A114G, G214T, and G216C on the P1 segment, validating the PCR-HRM findings of the variations. These mutations led to the detection of L452R or L452M and F486V protein mutations within the protein sequence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, PCR-HRM is a vital and affordable tool for distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 variants utilizing recombinant plasmids as controls.展开更多
The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is...The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is a new national policy for the management of people living with HIV with the administration of dolutegravir (DTG)-based fixed-dose combination. The aim of our study was to evaluate HIV-1 resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in infected adult subjects in Cte d’Ivoire in the context of a systematic switch to a DTG-based combination. Between February 2022 and October 2023, a cross-sectional survey with random sampling was conducted in 06 services caring for people living with HIV. A total of 139 participants were included in the study. Adults with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were tested for HIV-1 ARV resistance mutations. Molecular analyses were performed using protocol of ANRS-MIE (National Agency for Research on AIDS and emerging infectious diseases). The interpretation is performed by HIVGRAD (https://www.hiv-grade.de/cms/grade/). The frequencies of HIV-1 resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (IINTs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 82%, 73%, 19% and 11% respectively. The main mutations observed in the different classes were K103N (45%), M184V (64%), E157Q (19%) and L10V/M46I/A71V/I54V (6%) respectively. This study reveals the emergence of resistance to DTG-based fixed-dose combinations, favored by high rates of resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs. This finding underlines the need for enhanced viral load monitoring and HIV-1 genotyping tests to guide the choice of NRTIs for combination therapy. In addition, monitoring for mutations to second-generation NRTIs is essential, given the scale-up of DTG-based regimens currently underway in Cte d’Ivoire.展开更多
The aim of this study is to contribute to better targeting of gold prospecting areas using geospatial information. To this end, 3 mining sites were selected for the study. They are: the Sénoufo belt (Barrick Gold...The aim of this study is to contribute to better targeting of gold prospecting areas using geospatial information. To this end, 3 mining sites were selected for the study. They are: the Sénoufo belt (Barrick Gold mine), the Yaouré complex (Perseus Mining mine) and the South Fetêkro belt (Bonikro, Hiré and Agbaou mines). For this study, a multi-scale approach was carried out at regional, mine and microscopic levels. At the regional scale, a comparative analysis of 1:200,000 scale geological maps revealed that 3 main lithologies are regularly repeated on and around the various mining sites. These are: undifferentiated volcanics, metagranodiorites and metasiltites dominated by meta-arenites. Most of these lithologies are affected by undifferentiated faults generally oriented NE-SW, N-S, ENE-WSW and WNW-ESE. In addition, gold and manganese occurrences are present on all the sites studied. At the mine scale, radarsat-1 images processing indicate that the main mining sites are generally located near or at the intersection of lineaments-oriented NE-SW or N-S on the one hand and E-W or ENE-WSW or WNW-ESE or again NW-SE on the other. These mines are also located at the interface between zones of high and low lineament density. At the microscopic scale, petrographic studies of undifferentiated volcanic samples from the various sites indicate that they consist of andesites, meta-andesites and tuffs.展开更多
In C?te d’Ivoire, ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), generally used to make a drink called “Gnamankoudji”, has become an important source of agricultural income diversification. In order to assess the agromorpholo...In C?te d’Ivoire, ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), generally used to make a drink called “Gnamankoudji”, has become an important source of agricultural income diversification. In order to assess the agromorphological diversity of a ginger collection from different regions of C?te d’Ivoire, a survey collection of accessions was carried out in the different production zones of the country. One hundred and eighty-eight ginger accessions were collected in 15 regions and one autonomous district of C?te d’Ivoire. Analysis of variance revealed that all the variables used in this study discriminated between the ginger accessions collected. Principal component analysis revealed morphological variability of 45.931% for the first two components. Ascending Hierarchical Classification was used to classify these accessions into three groups based on fourteen quantitative characters. These three groups were formed independently of collection areas and are characterized by moderate morphological variability. This variability has been structured into three distinct agromorphological groups, with thallus (rhizome) length and width, finger width, secondary finger length and yield in tons per hectare as distinctive characters. This revealed genetic diversity could be exploited in ginger breeding and improvement programs in C?te d’Ivoire.展开更多
This study focuses on the petrographic and structural characteristics of the geological formations of the Alépé region in the Comoé basin. The petrographic characterization allows us to retain that the ...This study focuses on the petrographic and structural characteristics of the geological formations of the Alépé region in the Comoé basin. The petrographic characterization allows us to retain that the study area abounds in a variety of lithologies: amphibole metagranite, metadiorite, amphibolite and metagrauwacke. The lineament map attests that the study area was affected by polyphase tectonics (ductile and brittle), all these deformations have NW-SE to NNW-SSE;NW-ESE to NW-SE;ENE-OSW and NE-SW directions. Coupled geochemical data show that the protoliths of the studied rocks evolve between granites and gabbros that are weakly to moderately be altered. They would originate from continental crust and mantle and would be emplaced in collision contex.展开更多
Since its outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan Province (China), the Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease quickly spread around the world in such a way that most response plans were outdated. There was an urgent need to chang...Since its outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan Province (China), the Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease quickly spread around the world in such a way that most response plans were outdated. There was an urgent need to change and adapt response strategies as the virus globally spread. Entire firms and economies were brought to a standstill in order to reduce the virus’ capacity to spread and to limit some of the short-term impacts in order to save time and find out solutions to come back to a more or less normal way of life. Thus, most of the countries that closed their air, sea and land borders had to reopen them progressively, with travel restrictions submitted to rigid controls. In Côte d’Ivoire, as in all other countries, air travellers leaving the territory were required to provide a certificate for a negative COVID-19 test, valid for 24 to 72 hours depending on the country of destination. However, the national system implemented could not provide a result before 48 hours. The objective of this work was to develop an alternative strategy to the system for air travellers who were in a hurry and those who had a computer bug in obtaining their result. A total of 38,444 air travellers benefited from this strategy implemented by the Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire during these two years.展开更多
In this study, we apply geochemical and statistical analyses to evaluate the source rocks and kerogen type of Cretaceous sediments from the Cote d’Ivoire sedimentary basin. The geochemical analysis includes pyrolysis...In this study, we apply geochemical and statistical analyses to evaluate the source rocks and kerogen type of Cretaceous sediments from the Cote d’Ivoire sedimentary basin. The geochemical analysis includes pyrolysis data such as total organic carbon (TOC%), generation source potential (S2) and hydrogen index (HI). The results of the cluster analysis separated the source rocks in the study area into two main groups. 1) Source rocks characterized by HI > 300 (mg/g), TOC from 1.76% to 3.19% by weight, and S2 from 6.55 to 14.46 (mg/g), indicating good to excellent source rocks with type II kerogen and are capable of generating oil. 2) Source rocks characterized by HI between 200 and 300 (mg/g), TOC from 1.6 to 2.02 wt%, and S2 from 3.45 to 5.36 (mg/g) indicating medium to good source rocks with type II-III kerogen and capable of generating a mixture of oil and gas.展开更多
Objective: The study aims to establish the epidemiological profile of obesity in Abidjan. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in Côte d’Ivoire with 349 volunteers aged 21 to 65 years old and livi...Objective: The study aims to establish the epidemiological profile of obesity in Abidjan. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in Côte d’Ivoire with 349 volunteers aged 21 to 65 years old and living in 330 households located in Yopougon, Cocody and Abobo, three Municipalities in the city of Abidjan. Results: Out of 349 participants, 90 or 25.8% were declared obese according to BMI. Based on IMG, 62.8% of people had abnormally high body fat. Abdominal obesity was more common in Yopougon and Cocody than in Abobo. Relative to BMI, 36.1% of women were obese compared to 12.9% of men. The same observation was made with regard to the umbilical perimeter. Indeed, abdominal obesity was more observed in women with a rate of 52.6% compared to 11.6% in men. 35.6% of obese people have no level of education. According to the respondents, a very high proportion of weight gain occurred after the age of 10. It was between 10 and 21 years old in Yopougon and Cocody and between 18 and 21 years old in Abobo. More than 70% of obese people living in Yopougon, Cocody and Abobo would not consider obesity as a disease while 40.7% have said they were very little informed about obesity. Conclusion: Two major points have emerged from the examination of the data collected: 1) The prevalence of overweight and obesity remains very high in the three Communes of Abidjan. 2) The occurrence of obesity would be influenced by the sociodemographic characteristics of the populations. Also, updating these sociodemographic characteristics is essential to better adapt national strategies for obesity and overweight combating.展开更多
Introduction: Rabies is a highly fatal viral disease outside the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Data from previous studies and reports from the rabies center show that cases of death from human rabies are regularly ...Introduction: Rabies is a highly fatal viral disease outside the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Data from previous studies and reports from the rabies center show that cases of death from human rabies are regularly reported, despite training measures for health workers, awareness-raising and communities, and the availability of vaccines. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the determinants of human rabies deaths in Côte d’Ivoire from 2016 to 2022. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional qualitative study was carried out from January to August 2023 on all the records of patients who died of human rabies at the Treichville Rabies Center from 2016 to 2022. An analysis of the rabies center’s annual activity reports from 2016 to 2022 was also carried out in order to complete the information gathered from the files. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics showed that out of 148 deaths, children accounted for 47.97% (71) and 66.22% (98) of rabies deaths were male, with an M/F sex ratio of 1.96. In terms of clinical characteristics, in 97.30% (144) of cases, the deceased had presented with furious rabies, and analysis by the Pasteur Institute of Côte d’Ivoire laboratory confirmed 101 cases (92.66%) of human rabies. Geographical distribution showed that cases of human rabies were recorded in 56 health district, and 64% (94) of the deceased lived in rural areas. The main causes of the occurrence of rabies were essentially non-use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and missed vaccination due to ignorance. Conclusion: In view of these results, control strategies and interventions need to be adapted to the epidemiological characteristics of the disease, using a community-based approach with a view to eliminating dog-transmitted rabies by 2030.展开更多
文摘Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its prevalence varies by region. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in schools in the Upper Sassandra region to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of school children regarding schistosomiasis. In total, 354 students participated in the survey. Our results showed that, compared to the girls, the boys had a higher level of knowledge about schistosomiasis OR = 1.605 and p = 0.05. Regarding the signs, symptoms, and modes of transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis, the participants reported a low level of knowledge p > 0.05 and OR 1. In conclusion, it is important to target health messages in schools to reach the most vulnerable students effectively. This initiative aims to provide children with basic knowledge and skills in the transmission of schistosomiasis.
文摘Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world’s leading cereal crop, with production estimated at over 1 billion tonnes in 2022. In Côte d’Ivoire, maize is one of the most widely consumed foods, with national production exceeding 1 million tonnes in 2022. Despite its importance, this crop is subject to numerous biotic constraints, including Maize streak virus (MSV). The objective of this study was to characterize MSV isolates from Côte d’Ivoire using molecular biology techniques. To achieve this, maize leaf samples displaying characteristic symptoms of MSV were collected from different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Côte d’Ivoire. Total DNA was extracted from the collected samples using the CTAB method and quantified with a Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The C2 region of the MSV genome’s open reading frame (ORF) was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using MSV-specific primers. The resulting PCR products were sequenced using the Sanger method. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using MSV sequences from other African countries (retrieved from NCBI) alongside sequences obtained in this study. The analysis was conducted using MEGA X version 10.05 software. The results showed that the main symptoms observed in the field included the presence of longitudinal light green streaks on leaves, stunted plant growth, and incomplete seed development in infected plants. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences from Côte d’Ivoire revealed three monophyletic groups, with sequences of some isolates collected from the same plot belonging to different groups. The MSV sequences from Côte d’Ivoire are very close to those from Rwanda. This study underscores the need for further investigation into the genetic diversity of MSV strains to enhance the diagnosis and management of this viral disease, which is particularly prevalent in maize crops in Côte d’Ivoire.
文摘This study examines the socio-economic profile of livestock farmers in coastal Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 43 people were interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive methods. The results showed that local Lagoon breeders are divided into two zones: southwest and southeast. Breeders in the south-western region are generally located in two sub-prefectures of the Tabou Department (Grabo and Oulodio). Tabou’s department alone accounts for 42% of the Lagoon breed in Côte d’Ivoire. Agriculture in this area is traditionally sedentary, practiced for social reasons. On the other hand, the south-eastern zone, located in the departments of Aboisso, Adzopé, Agboville, Grand-Lahou, Jacqueville, Abidjan, Dabou and Sikensi, represents 58% of the Lagoon breeding area in Côte d’Ivoire. This second group is characterised by improved breeding. Most of the farmers interviewed in this zone breed for economic reasons. However, the risk of cross-breeding, which already affects the local Lagoon breed, could be increased by the presence of other species such as the Zebu and Ndamas, or even the Baoulé, in this south-eastern herd.
文摘Production of this crop is experiencing significant challenges, resulting in a decline in seed and fiber quality. To address this challenge, generations of high-performance cotton plants of the Gossypium hirsutum L. species have been developed and are currently being commercialized. This study evaluated the impact of gin types on the agro-industrial quality of cotton in Côte d’Ivoire. To this end, cotton from the G3, R1, and R2 generations was harvested, sampled, and ginned on machines with 10 and 170 saws in the localities of Ouangolodougou, Ferkessédougou, Korhogo, M’Bengué, Boundiali, Séguéla, and Mankono, as well as at the Centre National de Recherche Agronomique CNRA) in Bouaké. The results demonstrated that cotton fibers obtained from ginning on 10-saw machines exhibited superior quality compared to those from 170-saw machines. Fiber length, fiber length uniformity, and short fiber rate exhibited the highest deviations according to gin type. The use of 170-saw gins resulted in a notable decline in quality. Conversely, micronaire index, fiber tenacity and elongation, and reflectance remained consistent across machine types. These results will enable us to more effectively regulate and advise cotton-processing factories, which primarily utilize 170-saw gins to enhance agro-industrial quality in Côte d’Ivoire. Furthermore, these results will assist breeders in incorporating them into their processes to enhance the quality of the varieties they offer to farmers.
文摘Background: Since it was theorised by Abdel Omran in 1971, the epidemiological transition has been well documented in Latin America, Asia and even increasingly in Africa south of the Sahara. According to this theory, sub-Saharan Africa is in the first phase of development corresponding to the “age of plague and famine”. Given the health statistics currently available, more and more low- and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa, are experiencing an increase in mortality and the economic impact associated with non-communicable diseases. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa where non-communicable diseases are currently on the rise. Despite the significant changes observed over the last decades, few studies have been carried out on the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire. It therefore seemed necessary to examine the changes in patterns of disease occurrence and causes of death in Côte d’Ivoire. Objectives: This work aimed to determine the reality of the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire and characterize its facies from 1990 to 2020. Methods: A literature review was carried out using PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Google, institutional websites (WHO, World Bank), university library websites and institutional reports from Côte d’Ivoire. The indicators sought were mortality, morbidity, life expectancy and fertility. Results: Mortality fell overall from 13.88‰ to 9.70‰, with variations linked to cyclical situations. Life expectancy rose by 52.6 to 59.03 years, although it is still below 60. Fertility has fallen from 6.3 to 4.5 children. There is a general downward trend in morbidity due to communicable diseases between 2009 and 2019, followed by an increase in non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: Côte d’Ivoire is undergoing an original and complex epidemiological transition that needs to be taken into account in health policies and strategies.
文摘Sweet potato is one of the most important crops in Côte d’Ivoire. However, some constraints related to climate change limit its production. This study evaluated the agronomic and technological performances of eight varieties of orange-fleshed of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) to identify the most promising ones. The results show three groups of varieties with different agronomic performances. Group 1 composed of Irene and Vita is characterized by low production of small and large tuberous roots, low number of productive plants and low yield. Group 2 consisting mainly of Kabode is characterized by high production and weight of large tuberous roots as well as high yield. Group 3, composed of Tacha-2 Ininda, Ejumula Gloria, TIB-440060, CIP-199062-1, Bela bela is characterized by high production of small and large tuberous roots, high number of productive plants and average yield. The TIB-440060 variety has a recovery rate of 100%. The Irene, Kabode, Vita, Kabode varieties were resistant to viral and fungal diseases. In terms of technological quality, the TIB-440060 and CIP-199062-1 varieties have the best organoleptic qualities. Given the agronomic performances of the Kabode, TIB-440060 and CIP-199062-1 varieties, could be selected as the elites varieties and distributed to producers.
文摘Introduction: Studies of abnormal ventilatory function in Côte d’Ivoire have been carried out in the workplace and in schools. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function abnormalities in the population of the lagoon district of Attécoubé in Abidjan. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 170 people in the municipality of Attécoubé Lagune. A questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental characteristics. A basic spirometry and a beta mimetic test were carried out on all the subjects surveyed. Data analysis was done with the stata 15.1 software. Results: The study population was composed of 103 women and 67 men with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.65. The average age was 35.92 ± 15.28 years. The most frequent respiratory symptoms were chest tightness (29.41%), dyspnea (28.82%), sneezing (22.94%) and cough (22.35%). The prevalence of ventilatory function abnormalities was 43.24% among residents of Attécoubé Lagune and the most frequent abnormality was ventilatory restriction (35.15%) followed by obstruction (4.85%). The risk factor for ventilatory function abnormalities was heavy pollution [OR = 2.66;IC: 1.053 - 6.743;P = 0.038]. Conclusion: Residents of the Attécoubé Lagune district had many respiratory symptoms and a high prevalence of ventilatory function abnormalities. Improving air quality is urgently needed in this municipality.
文摘Since 2015, Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s largest cashew producer. However, cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire are infected by fungal diseases that weaken production. And the contribution of weeds to the spread of these diseases is not yet understood. This study was initiated with the aim of establishing the role of weeds in the proliferation of pathogenic fungi in orchards. It consisted of a survey of weeds showing disease symptoms in cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire from February 2021 to July 2022. The itinerant method was used for the weed inventory. Symptomatic leaves were collected and sent to the laboratory for diagnosis on PDA (Potatoes Dextrose Agar) medium. In total, 50 species in 46 genera and 23 families were recorded. Laboratory diagnosis of the samples showed that 80% of the weeds identified harboured pathogenic fungi. The highest infection rates were obtained on Danielia oliveri R. (99.33% to 100%), Vitellaria paradoxa G. (100%), Pterocarpus erinaceus P. (83.91% to 99.33%), Micuna pruriens L. (98.33% to 100%) and Isoberlinia doka C. et S. (56.33% to 100%). The diagnosis revealed the presence of Lasiodiplodia sp, Colletotrichum sp, Pestalotia sp, Alternaria sp and Curvularia sp on weeds in the cashew orchard in Côte d’Ivoire.
文摘Cocoa farming faces numerous constraints that affect production levels. Among these constraints are termites, one of the biggest scourges in tropical agriculture and agroforestry. The aim of this study is to assess the level of damage caused by termites in cocoa plantations. To this end, 3 plantations were selected. In each of the 3 plantations, 18 plots containing an average of 47 ± 6 cocoa plants were delimited. Sampling was based on 25 cocoa plants per plot. The study consisted in sampling the termites observed on the plants and noting the type of damage caused by them, taking into account the density of the harvest veneers and, above all, the termites’ progress through the anatomical structures of the plant, i.e. the bark, sapwood and heartwood. A total of 8 termite species were collected from cocoa plants. These species are responsible for four types of damage (D1, D2, D3 and D4), grouped into minor damage (D1 and D2) and major damage (D3 and D4). D1 damage ranged from 24.67% ± 5.64% to 39.55% ± 7.43%. D2 damage ranged from 6.88% ± 1.31% to 9.33% ± 2.79%. D3 damage ranged from 2.88% ± 1.55% to 6.44% ± 1.55%. D4 damage ranged from 1.11% ± 1% to 3.11% ± 1.37%. Among the termite species collected, Microcerotermes sp, C. sjostedti, A. crucifer and P. militaris were the most formidable on cocoa trees in our study locality. In view of the extensive damage caused by termites, biological control measures should be considered, using insecticidal plants.
文摘Background: In the context of the fight against HIV, a lack of skills in monitoring and evaluating the personnel in charge of activities has been identified at the national level. It was the subject of a priority axis of the national plan for monitoring and evaluating the fight against HIV (2006-2010) that was aimed at strengthening the capacities of actors in this area. To increase the critical mass of competent human resources in the short term, the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) of Côte d’Ivoire organized monitoring and evaluation training sessions for healthcare professionals from 2011 to 2016. Methods: A single case study with multiple levels of analysis was carried out, combining a qualitative survey and a literature review. An evaluation was carried out six months after each training session. In addition, the results of the pre- and post-tests and of the daily and final evaluations that accompanied the various training sessions were used to provide further information. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using INVIVO 15 software. Results: Some 89 health professionals (69% men and 31% women) working at the national level (51% at the central level, including 58% in health programs) and in development partner agencies (37%) participated in this capacity building program. Most participants were senior health managers (56%), data managers (23%), and statisticians and computer scientists (10%). Almost all the trainings were financed by 16 technical and financial partners (85%), mainly the MEASURE Evaluation project (27%). Conclusion: M&E training, despite all its imperfections, has made it possible to identify M&E training needs at the national level and to increase the critical mass of national skills and to have some culture in M&E.
文摘Background: In Côte d’Ivoire so far, the circulating haplotypes have been inferred on the phenotypic profiling of SCD patients. The impact of the circulating haplotypes on the use of Hydroxyurea has not been assessed yet. Therefore the objective of this study is to identify in Abidjan the HbS haplotypes that modulate HU treatment responses. Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study, children aged 5 to 15 years with SCD, and carrying the hemoglobin phenotypes SSFA2 and SFA2, were recruited into a HU treatment cohort. Various parameters on the haplotypes and the outcomes of the treatment were analyzed. Results: Thirty nine children with SCD were included. The phenotypic profile of the cohort was 86.6% of SSFA2 and 15.4% of SFA2. Three haplotypes were found, the Benin haplotype, the Senegal haplotype, and an atypical one. The participants belonged to three genotypes, Benin/atypical (64.1%), Benin/Senegal (33.3%) and Senegal/Senegal (2.6%). Overall, HU treatment was successful in all haplotypes with 12 out of 39 patients failing treatment after 12 months in the Benin haplotype group. The association between HU treatment success and the Benin haplotype was found in terms of the decrease in the number of white blood cells and the students missing class. Conclusion: The study revealed that inferring haplotype based on the phenotypic profile could be inaccurate. The proportion of atypical haplotype that were not previously described in Côte d’Ivoire was high. All the haplotypes seemed to be associated with HU treatment success but some patients with Benin haplotype did not respond well.
文摘The rise of new viruses, like SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 outbreak, along with the return of antibiotic resistance in harmful bacteria, demands a swift and efficient reaction to safeguard the health and welfare of the global population. It is crucial to have effective measures for prevention, intervention, and monitoring in place to address these evolving and recurring risks, ensuring public health and international security. In countries with limited resources, utilizing recombinant mutation plasmid technology in conjunction with PCR-HRM could help differentiate the existence of novel variants. cDNA synthesis was carried out on 8 nasopharyngeal samples following viral RNA extraction. The P1 segment of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike S protein was amplified via conventional PCR. Subsequently, PCR products were ligated with the pGEM-T Easy vector to generate eight recombinant SARS-CoV-2 plasmids. Clones containing mutations were sequenced using Sanger sequencing and analyzed through PCR-HRM. The P1 segment of the S gene from SARS-CoV-2 was successfully amplified, resulting in 8 recombinant plasmids generated from the 231 bp fragment. PCR-HRM analysis of these recombinant plasmids differentiated three variations within the SARS-CoV-2 plasmid population, each displaying distinct melting temperatures. Sanger sequencing identified mutations A112C, G113T, A114G, G214T, and G216C on the P1 segment, validating the PCR-HRM findings of the variations. These mutations led to the detection of L452R or L452M and F486V protein mutations within the protein sequence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, PCR-HRM is a vital and affordable tool for distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 variants utilizing recombinant plasmids as controls.
文摘The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is a new national policy for the management of people living with HIV with the administration of dolutegravir (DTG)-based fixed-dose combination. The aim of our study was to evaluate HIV-1 resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in infected adult subjects in Cte d’Ivoire in the context of a systematic switch to a DTG-based combination. Between February 2022 and October 2023, a cross-sectional survey with random sampling was conducted in 06 services caring for people living with HIV. A total of 139 participants were included in the study. Adults with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were tested for HIV-1 ARV resistance mutations. Molecular analyses were performed using protocol of ANRS-MIE (National Agency for Research on AIDS and emerging infectious diseases). The interpretation is performed by HIVGRAD (https://www.hiv-grade.de/cms/grade/). The frequencies of HIV-1 resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (IINTs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 82%, 73%, 19% and 11% respectively. The main mutations observed in the different classes were K103N (45%), M184V (64%), E157Q (19%) and L10V/M46I/A71V/I54V (6%) respectively. This study reveals the emergence of resistance to DTG-based fixed-dose combinations, favored by high rates of resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs. This finding underlines the need for enhanced viral load monitoring and HIV-1 genotyping tests to guide the choice of NRTIs for combination therapy. In addition, monitoring for mutations to second-generation NRTIs is essential, given the scale-up of DTG-based regimens currently underway in Cte d’Ivoire.
文摘The aim of this study is to contribute to better targeting of gold prospecting areas using geospatial information. To this end, 3 mining sites were selected for the study. They are: the Sénoufo belt (Barrick Gold mine), the Yaouré complex (Perseus Mining mine) and the South Fetêkro belt (Bonikro, Hiré and Agbaou mines). For this study, a multi-scale approach was carried out at regional, mine and microscopic levels. At the regional scale, a comparative analysis of 1:200,000 scale geological maps revealed that 3 main lithologies are regularly repeated on and around the various mining sites. These are: undifferentiated volcanics, metagranodiorites and metasiltites dominated by meta-arenites. Most of these lithologies are affected by undifferentiated faults generally oriented NE-SW, N-S, ENE-WSW and WNW-ESE. In addition, gold and manganese occurrences are present on all the sites studied. At the mine scale, radarsat-1 images processing indicate that the main mining sites are generally located near or at the intersection of lineaments-oriented NE-SW or N-S on the one hand and E-W or ENE-WSW or WNW-ESE or again NW-SE on the other. These mines are also located at the interface between zones of high and low lineament density. At the microscopic scale, petrographic studies of undifferentiated volcanic samples from the various sites indicate that they consist of andesites, meta-andesites and tuffs.
文摘In C?te d’Ivoire, ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), generally used to make a drink called “Gnamankoudji”, has become an important source of agricultural income diversification. In order to assess the agromorphological diversity of a ginger collection from different regions of C?te d’Ivoire, a survey collection of accessions was carried out in the different production zones of the country. One hundred and eighty-eight ginger accessions were collected in 15 regions and one autonomous district of C?te d’Ivoire. Analysis of variance revealed that all the variables used in this study discriminated between the ginger accessions collected. Principal component analysis revealed morphological variability of 45.931% for the first two components. Ascending Hierarchical Classification was used to classify these accessions into three groups based on fourteen quantitative characters. These three groups were formed independently of collection areas and are characterized by moderate morphological variability. This variability has been structured into three distinct agromorphological groups, with thallus (rhizome) length and width, finger width, secondary finger length and yield in tons per hectare as distinctive characters. This revealed genetic diversity could be exploited in ginger breeding and improvement programs in C?te d’Ivoire.
文摘This study focuses on the petrographic and structural characteristics of the geological formations of the Alépé region in the Comoé basin. The petrographic characterization allows us to retain that the study area abounds in a variety of lithologies: amphibole metagranite, metadiorite, amphibolite and metagrauwacke. The lineament map attests that the study area was affected by polyphase tectonics (ductile and brittle), all these deformations have NW-SE to NNW-SSE;NW-ESE to NW-SE;ENE-OSW and NE-SW directions. Coupled geochemical data show that the protoliths of the studied rocks evolve between granites and gabbros that are weakly to moderately be altered. They would originate from continental crust and mantle and would be emplaced in collision contex.
文摘Since its outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan Province (China), the Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease quickly spread around the world in such a way that most response plans were outdated. There was an urgent need to change and adapt response strategies as the virus globally spread. Entire firms and economies were brought to a standstill in order to reduce the virus’ capacity to spread and to limit some of the short-term impacts in order to save time and find out solutions to come back to a more or less normal way of life. Thus, most of the countries that closed their air, sea and land borders had to reopen them progressively, with travel restrictions submitted to rigid controls. In Côte d’Ivoire, as in all other countries, air travellers leaving the territory were required to provide a certificate for a negative COVID-19 test, valid for 24 to 72 hours depending on the country of destination. However, the national system implemented could not provide a result before 48 hours. The objective of this work was to develop an alternative strategy to the system for air travellers who were in a hurry and those who had a computer bug in obtaining their result. A total of 38,444 air travellers benefited from this strategy implemented by the Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire during these two years.
文摘In this study, we apply geochemical and statistical analyses to evaluate the source rocks and kerogen type of Cretaceous sediments from the Cote d’Ivoire sedimentary basin. The geochemical analysis includes pyrolysis data such as total organic carbon (TOC%), generation source potential (S2) and hydrogen index (HI). The results of the cluster analysis separated the source rocks in the study area into two main groups. 1) Source rocks characterized by HI > 300 (mg/g), TOC from 1.76% to 3.19% by weight, and S2 from 6.55 to 14.46 (mg/g), indicating good to excellent source rocks with type II kerogen and are capable of generating oil. 2) Source rocks characterized by HI between 200 and 300 (mg/g), TOC from 1.6 to 2.02 wt%, and S2 from 3.45 to 5.36 (mg/g) indicating medium to good source rocks with type II-III kerogen and capable of generating a mixture of oil and gas.
文摘Objective: The study aims to establish the epidemiological profile of obesity in Abidjan. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in Côte d’Ivoire with 349 volunteers aged 21 to 65 years old and living in 330 households located in Yopougon, Cocody and Abobo, three Municipalities in the city of Abidjan. Results: Out of 349 participants, 90 or 25.8% were declared obese according to BMI. Based on IMG, 62.8% of people had abnormally high body fat. Abdominal obesity was more common in Yopougon and Cocody than in Abobo. Relative to BMI, 36.1% of women were obese compared to 12.9% of men. The same observation was made with regard to the umbilical perimeter. Indeed, abdominal obesity was more observed in women with a rate of 52.6% compared to 11.6% in men. 35.6% of obese people have no level of education. According to the respondents, a very high proportion of weight gain occurred after the age of 10. It was between 10 and 21 years old in Yopougon and Cocody and between 18 and 21 years old in Abobo. More than 70% of obese people living in Yopougon, Cocody and Abobo would not consider obesity as a disease while 40.7% have said they were very little informed about obesity. Conclusion: Two major points have emerged from the examination of the data collected: 1) The prevalence of overweight and obesity remains very high in the three Communes of Abidjan. 2) The occurrence of obesity would be influenced by the sociodemographic characteristics of the populations. Also, updating these sociodemographic characteristics is essential to better adapt national strategies for obesity and overweight combating.
文摘Introduction: Rabies is a highly fatal viral disease outside the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Data from previous studies and reports from the rabies center show that cases of death from human rabies are regularly reported, despite training measures for health workers, awareness-raising and communities, and the availability of vaccines. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the determinants of human rabies deaths in Côte d’Ivoire from 2016 to 2022. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional qualitative study was carried out from January to August 2023 on all the records of patients who died of human rabies at the Treichville Rabies Center from 2016 to 2022. An analysis of the rabies center’s annual activity reports from 2016 to 2022 was also carried out in order to complete the information gathered from the files. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics showed that out of 148 deaths, children accounted for 47.97% (71) and 66.22% (98) of rabies deaths were male, with an M/F sex ratio of 1.96. In terms of clinical characteristics, in 97.30% (144) of cases, the deceased had presented with furious rabies, and analysis by the Pasteur Institute of Côte d’Ivoire laboratory confirmed 101 cases (92.66%) of human rabies. Geographical distribution showed that cases of human rabies were recorded in 56 health district, and 64% (94) of the deceased lived in rural areas. The main causes of the occurrence of rabies were essentially non-use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and missed vaccination due to ignorance. Conclusion: In view of these results, control strategies and interventions need to be adapted to the epidemiological characteristics of the disease, using a community-based approach with a view to eliminating dog-transmitted rabies by 2030.
