This study compares the relative efficacy of the continuation task and the model-as-feedbackwriting (MAFW) task in EFL writing development. Ninety intermediate-level Chinese EFL learnerswere randomly assigned to a con...This study compares the relative efficacy of the continuation task and the model-as-feedbackwriting (MAFW) task in EFL writing development. Ninety intermediate-level Chinese EFL learnerswere randomly assigned to a continuation group, a MAFW group, and a control group, each with30 learners. A pretest and a posttest were used to gauge L2 writing development. Results showedthat the continuation task outperformed the MAFW task not only in enhancing the overall qualityof L2 writing, but also in promoting the quality of three components of L2 writing, namely, content,organization, and language. The finding has important implications for L2 writing teaching andlearning.展开更多
The conversion of CO_(2) into high value added chemicals via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)reaction has attracted significant attention.The surface oxygenation environment is a significant factor influencing the p...The conversion of CO_(2) into high value added chemicals via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)reaction has attracted significant attention.The surface oxygenation environment is a significant factor influencing the performance of the catalyst.In this work,spin-polarized density-functional theory calculations have been used to investigate the adsorption and reactions of CO_(2) and H to generate CH4 and CH3OH on Fe_(5)C_(2)(100)surfaces with varying OH∗coverage.On the pure Fe_(5)C_(2)(100)surface,surface C^(∗) preferentially reacts with hydrogen to form CH4,exposing C^(∗) vacancy.CO_(2) favors adsorbing on the C^(∗) vacancy to further dissociating and activating.The co-adsorption of OH∗promotes the C^(∗) cycle process by facilitating the hydrogenation of C^(∗).The Fe_(5)C_(2) surface with an oxide interface is favorable for reducing FexOy,thereby maintaining the dynamic stability of the surface.Therefore,surface oxidation is inevitably involved in the entire C^(∗) cycle of the FTS reaction and regulates the relative content of iron oxides and iron carbides.Our work can contribute to the rational modulation of the surface C^(∗) cycle,thereby enhancing catalyst performance.展开更多
We report the case of a newly diagnosed overweight patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who achieved diabetes remission using continuous glucose monitoring(CGM),which promotes patient engagement in self‐management.K...We report the case of a newly diagnosed overweight patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who achieved diabetes remission using continuous glucose monitoring(CGM),which promotes patient engagement in self‐management.Key measures included selection of a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus,use of CGM,analysis of glucose trends and contributing factors,and patient guidance in maintaining a health diary and developing personalized self‐management strategies(e.g.,dietary modification and exercise regimens).Following 6‐month CGM‐guided self‐management,the patient's glycated hemoglobin level decreased from 7.3%at baseline to 6.0%and his body weight decreased from 83 to 77 kg,a 7%reduction;thus,the patient met the criteria for diabetes remission.展开更多
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII)require a lower dose of insulin than those treated with multiple daily injections(MDIs).Howeve...BACKGROUND Studies have shown that patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII)require a lower dose of insulin than those treated with multiple daily injections(MDIs).However,it is unclear whether this is also the case for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).AIM To compare insulin dosage requirements between CSII and MDI in T2DM,iden-tifying influencing factors associated with both therapeutic modalities.METHODS A total of 954 patients with T2DM were divided into two groups:CSII and MDI groups.The total daily insulin dose(TDD),TDD per kilogram per day(TDD/kg),and ratio of total basal insulin dose to TDD(%TBa)required to achieve the target blood glucose levels were compared between the two groups.In addition,factors affecting insulin dosage were analyzed in both groups of patients.RESULTS Compared to the CSII group,the MDI group required a higher TDD[median(interquartile)]:30.00(24.00,38.00)U/day vs 26.40(21.60,32.40)U/day;P<0.01,TDD/kg and%TBa.In the MDI group and CSII groups,an increase in TDD was independently associated with an increase in body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c).The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)mainly involves insulin resistance and progressiveβ-cell failure,which leads to increased blood glucose levels(hyperglycemia)[1-3].Treatment for T2DM includes antidiabetic medications and insulin therapy[4,5].Patients with T2DM withβ-cell failure usually require insulin therapy[6-8].Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII)and multiple daily injections(MDIs)are two major insulin therapies for controlling hyperglycemia in these patients.However,excessive insulin therapies may cause problems such as hypoglycemia,weight gain,and iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia[9].Therefore,attention should be paid to the dosage of insulin used.The establishment of insulin regimens for CSII and MDI therapies is primarily guided by physicians’empirical judgment.To date,there have been few clear guidelines or recommendations on the appropriate insulin dose during CSII and MDI treatment for T2DM[10].Yang et al[11]studied insulin doses and related factors in the CSII treatment of patients with T2DM[12].However,these studies did not cover the dose setting and related factors in MDI treatment.Previous studies have shown that patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with CSII require less insulin than those treated with MDIs[13-15].However,it is unclear whether patients with T2DM on CSII also require less insulin than patients on MDI.Therefore,the present study determined the difference in insulin dosages between CSII and MDI therapies and evaluated the related factors in patients with T2DM.It also systematically analyzed the insulin dose characteristics of MDI and CSII in 954 hospitalized patients with T2DM,aiming to optimize the insulin dosage regimen and provide clinical references for guiding the application of CSII and MDI in patients with T2DM.展开更多
Triflumezopyrim(TFM)is a novel mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones insecticide,which acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(n ACh Rs)and has no cross-resistance with other insecticides.Herein,we firstly developed...Triflumezopyrim(TFM)is a novel mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones insecticide,which acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(n ACh Rs)and has no cross-resistance with other insecticides.Herein,we firstly developed a new continuous flow approach to synthesis 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]malonic acid,a key intermate of TFM,coupling with esterification,condensation,and hydrolysis.All three-step reactions were optimized and transformed into a continuous synthesis mode by three micro reaction units.Compared with the batch mode,the total reaction time and overall separation yield were improved from more than 12 h and 60%to 18 min and 73.38%,respectively.The solvent consumption and waste emission were significantly reduced,which also provides an eco-friendly and efficient potential tool for the development and production of mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones insecticide.展开更多
In order to relieve the deficiency of the usual cubic Hermite spline curves,the quartic Hermite spline curves with shape parameters is further studied in this work. The interpolation error and estimator of the quartic...In order to relieve the deficiency of the usual cubic Hermite spline curves,the quartic Hermite spline curves with shape parameters is further studied in this work. The interpolation error and estimator of the quartic Hermite spline curves are given. And the characteristics of the quartic Hermite spline curves are discussed.The quartic Hermite spline curves not only have the same interpolation and continuity properties of the usual cubic Hermite spline curves, but also can achieve local or global shape adjustment and C;continuity by the shape parameters when the interpolation conditions are fixed.展开更多
A numerical control (NC) tool path of digital CAD model is widely generated as a set of short line segments in machining. However, there are three shortcomings in the linear tool path, such as discontinuities of tange...A numerical control (NC) tool path of digital CAD model is widely generated as a set of short line segments in machining. However, there are three shortcomings in the linear tool path, such as discontinuities of tangency and curvature, huge number of line segments, and short lengths of line segments. These disadvantages hinder the development of high speed machining. To smooth the linear tool path and improve machining efficiency of short line segments, this paper presents an optimal feed interpolator based on G^2 continuous Bézier curves for the linear tool path. First, the areas suitable for fitting are screened out based on the geometric characteristics of continuous short segments (CSSs). CSSs in every area are compressed and fitted into a G^2 Continuous Bézier curve by using the least square method. Then a series of cubic Bézier curves are generated. However, the junction between adjacent Bézier curves is only G^0 continuous. By adjusting the control points and inserting Bézier transition curves between adjacent Bézier curves, the G^2 continuous tool path is constructed. The fitting error is estimated by the second-order Taylor formula. Without iteration, the fitting algorithm can be implemented in real-time environment. Second, the optimal feed interpolator considering the comprehensive constraints (such as the chord error constraint, the maximum normal acceleration, servo capacity of each axis, etc.) is proposed. Simulation and experiment are conducted. The results shows that the proposed method can generate smooth path, decrease the amount of segments and reduce machining time for machining of linear tool path. The proposed research provides an effective method for high-speed machining of complex 2-D/3-D profiles described by short line segments.展开更多
The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount...The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount on degradation of formaldehyde gas were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the combination of ozonation with photocatalytic oxidation on the degradation of formaldehyde showed a synergetic action, e.g,, it could considerably increase decomposing of formaldehyde. The degradation efficiency of formaldehyde was between 73.6% and 79.4% while the initial concentration in the range of 1.84--24 mg/m^3 by O3/TiO2flJV process. The optimal humidity was about 50% in UV/TiO2/O3 processs and degradation of formaldehyde increases from 39.0% to 94.1% when the ozone content increased from 0 to 141 mg/m^3. Furthermore, the kinetics of formaldehyde degradation reaction could be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constant k of 46.72 mg/（m^3.min） and Langmuir adsorption coefficient K of 0.0268 m^3/mg were obtained.展开更多
＂Continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source ro...＂Continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source rocks and ＂＇continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the middle- south transition region, Sichuan Basin. The source rocks of the Xul Member and reservoir rocks of the Xu2 Member are thick （Xul Member： 40 m, Xu2 Member： 120 m） and are distributed continuously in this study area. The results of drilled wells show that the widespread sandstone reservoirs of the Xu2 Member are charged with natural gas. Therefore, the natural gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region are ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs. The accumulation of ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is controlled by an adequate driving force of the pressure differences between source rocks and reservoirs, which is demonstrated by a ＂one-dimensional＂ physical simulation experiment. In this simulation, the natural gas of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs moves tbrward with no preferential petroleum migration pathways （PPMP）, and the natural gas saturation of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is higher than that of conventional reservoirs.展开更多
This article presents a new method for G2 continuous interpolation of an arbitrary sequence of points on an implicit or parametric surfaee with prescribed tangent direction and curvature vector,respectively,at every p...This article presents a new method for G2 continuous interpolation of an arbitrary sequence of points on an implicit or parametric surfaee with prescribed tangent direction and curvature vector,respectively,at every point.First,a G2 continuous curve is constructed in three-dimensional space.Then the curve is projected normally onto the given surface.The desired interpolation curve is just the projection curve,which can be obtained by numerieally solving the initialvalue problems for a system of first-order ordinary differential equations in the parametric domain for parametric case or in three-dimensional space for implicit ease.Several shape parameters are introduced into the resulting curve,which can be used in subsequent interactive modification so that the shape of the resulting curve meets our demand.The presented method is independent of the geometry and parameterization of the base surface.Numerical experiments demonstrate that it is effective and potentially useful in numerical control(NC)machining,path planning for robotic fibre placement,patterns design on surface and other industrial and research fields.展开更多
Continuous thermo-mechanical processing (CTMP) of 6201 aluminum alloy was simulated on Gleeble-1500. The deformed specimens were analyzed by the observation of TEM and the measurement of hardness. It was shown that r...Continuous thermo-mechanical processing (CTMP) of 6201 aluminum alloy was simulated on Gleeble-1500. The deformed specimens were analyzed by the observation of TEM and the measurement of hardness. It was shown that rapid solid solution and aging treatment can be effectively combined in one procedure by the strain induced during CTMP. The deformation temperature is ranging from 540* C to 300* C, the hardness increases directly before the 6th pass followed by a slight drop, the amount of precipitates increases with the holding time after deformation. Uniformly distributed and stabilized Mg2Si precipitates, as well as dislocation substructure can be observed on deformed specimens which have been subsequently held at 300℃ for 60 seconds.展开更多
BACKGROUND Time in range(TIR),as a novel metric for glycemic control,has robust relevance with diabetic complications.Diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)is characterized by sudomotor dysfunction.AIM To explore the rel...BACKGROUND Time in range(TIR),as a novel metric for glycemic control,has robust relevance with diabetic complications.Diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)is characterized by sudomotor dysfunction.AIM To explore the relationship between TIR obtained from continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)and sudomotor function detected by SUDOSCAN in subjects with type 2 diabetes.METHODS The research enrolled 466 inpatients with type 2 diabetes.All subjects underwent 3-d CGM and SUDOSCAN.SUDOSCAN was assessed with electrochemical skin conductance in hands(HESC)and feet(FESC).Average feet ESC<60μS was defined as sudomotor dysfunction(+),otherwise it was sudomotor dysfunction(-).TIR refers to the percentage of time when blood glucose is between 3.9-10 mmol/L during 1 d period.RESULTS Among the enrolled subjects,135(28.97%)presented with sudomotor dysfunction.Patients with sudomotor dysfunction(+)showed a decreased level of TIR(P<0.001).Compared to the lowest tertile of TIR,the middle and the highest tertiles of TIR was associated with an obviously lower prevalence of sudomotor dysfunction(20.51%and 21.94%vs 44.52%)(P<0.001).In addition,with the increase of TIR,HESC and FESC increased(P<0.001).Regression analysis demonstrated that TIR was inversely and independently linked with the prevalence of sudomotor dysfunction after adjusting for confounding values(odds ratio=0.979,95%CI:0.971-0.987,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The tight glycemic control assessed by TIR is of vitally protective value for sudomotor dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Incidence of defects in MoSi2 rods prepared by con- tinuous extrusion is dependent on the viscosity of binder. Generally, low viscosity results in surface defects while high viscosity is responsible for inner defects....Incidence of defects in MoSi2 rods prepared by con- tinuous extrusion is dependent on the viscosity of binder. Generally, low viscosity results in surface defects while high viscosity is responsible for inner defects. Cross-section observations indicated that the typical inner defects in sintered MoSi2 rods were large fissure cavity, multiple small holes and single small cavity, of which the characteristic ultrasonic reflection patterns have been experimentally established. Formation of the inner defects is attributed to the inhomogeneous feedstock moving behav- ior in die, which is aggravated with increasing viscosity of binder. Defect free MoSi2 rods were prepared successfully via con. tinuous extrusion by carefully controlling the viscosity of binder.展开更多
A new air exchange rate （AER） monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted i...A new air exchange rate （AER） monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted in a 1-m3 environmental chamber at different AERs （0.1-10.0 hr-1）. AERs were determined using the decay method based on box model assumptions. Field tests were conducted in classrooms, dormitories, meeting rooms and apartments during 2-5 weekdays using CO2 sensors coupled with data loggers. Indoor temperature, relative humidity （RH）, and CO2 concentrations were continuously monitored while outdoor parameters combined with on-site climate conditions were recorded. Statistical results indicated that good laboratory performance was achieved： duplicate precision was within 10%, and the measured AERs were 90%-120% of the real AERs. Average AERs were 1.22, 1.37, 1.10, 1.91 and 0.73 hr-l in dormitories, air-conditioned classrooms, classrooms with an air circulation cooling system, reading rooms, and meeting rooms, respectively. In an elderly particulate matter exposure study, all the homes had AER values ranging from 0.29 to 3.46 hr-1 in fall, and 0.12 to 1.39 hr-1 in winter with a median AER of 1.15.展开更多
Ti_(2)AlNb-based alloy was joined in a continuous drive friction welding machine under different rotational rates(500,1000 and 1500 r/min).The microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated.I...Ti_(2)AlNb-based alloy was joined in a continuous drive friction welding machine under different rotational rates(500,1000 and 1500 r/min).The microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated.It is shown that the weld zone(WZ) is fully composed of recrystallized B2 phase,and the grain size decreases with increasing rotational rate.The thermo-mechanically affected zone(TMAZ) suffers severe deformation during welding,due to which most of original precipitation phase is dissolved and streamlines are present.In the heat affected zone(HAZ),only the fine O phase is dissolved.The as-welded joint produced using 1000 r/min has the best mechanical properties,whose strength and elongation are both close to those of the base metal,while the as-welded joint obtained using 500 r/min exhibits the worst mechanical properties.Post-weld annealing treatment annihilates the deformation microstructure and fine O phase precipitates in the joints,consequently improving the mechanical properties significantly.Decomposed α_(2) phase is a weakness for the mechanical performance of the joint since microcracks are apt to form in it in the tensile test.展开更多
Few studies have assessed the difference in adaptive changes of alcohol metabolism in the case of chronic alcohol consumption pertaining to the genetic polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in humans. To ev...Few studies have assessed the difference in adaptive changes of alcohol metabolism in the case of chronic alcohol consumption pertaining to the genetic polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in humans. To evaluate the influences of ALDH2 genotypes on changes in alcohol metabolism due to continuous alcohol intake, we conducted an intervention study by setting a continuous drinking period between two abstinence periods. The subjects in this study comprised 20 - 25-year-old males, including 15 males carrying ALDH2*1/*1 and 16 carrying ALDH2*1/*2 genotypes. Following the abstinence period of 4 weeks (from day 1 to day 28), all subjects drank commercially available beer (500 ml) every evening for 6 weeks (from day 30 to day 71) and subsequently abstained from drinking again for 4 weeks (from day 73 to day 100). The next morning, after the end of each period, drinking tests (DTs) were performed on each subject (DT1 on day 29, DT2 on day 72, and DT3 on day 101) to examine alcohol metabolism. The subjects drank shochu (a distilled alcoholic beverage), with an ethanol dose of 0.32 g/kg, within 20 minutes after overnight fasting. The alcohol elimination rate in subjects with ALDH2*1/*1 genotype was significantly higher during DT2 after the drinking period as compared with those at both DT1 and DT3 after the abstinence periods, whereas the elimination rate in subjects with ALDH2*1/*2 genotype did not change significantly during 3 DTs. However, blood acetaldehyde levels significantly decreased in subjects with both ALDH2 genotypes during DT2 as compared with those during DT1. The physiological subjective responses to alcohol also significantly decreased during DT2 in subjects with ALDH2*1/*2 genotype. Moreover, serum lipids, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and uric acid concentrations also varied between subjects with different ALDH2 genotypes due to continuous drinking. These results suggested that ALDH2 polymorphism modified adaptive changes in alcohol metabolism and physiological responses to continuous moderate alcohol consumption.展开更多
Photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is a significant applying aspect of pho-tocatalysis.Both the modulation of photocatalysts and the rational dispersion of them on supports are key for solar...Photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is a significant applying aspect of pho-tocatalysis.Both the modulation of photocatalysts and the rational dispersion of them on supports are key for solar-driven VOC degradation.Conventional batch-type photoreactors have low efficiency while continuous-flow photoreactors suffer from the problem of incomplete removal of VOCs.Herein,aiming for continuous and complete degradation of toluene gas as the target contaminant,continuous-flow pho-tocatalytic degradation reactors were made by adhering the vanadium and nitrogen codoped TiO_(2)on honeycomb ceramics(V/N-TiO_(2)@HC)by a simple sol-gel method.In such a reactor,the rich ordered pores in the HC accelerate mass transport of toluene,and the introduction of V/N dopants narrows the bandgap and widens the light absorption range of TiO_(2),together resulting in continuous and nearly-complete pho-tocatalytic degradation of toluene.The unique and stable structure of HC allows the photocatalysts to be reused.The degradation rate of toluene gas can reach 97.8%,and after 24 rounds of photocatalytic degra-dation,there is still a degradation rate of 96.7%.The impacts of loading times and gaseous flow rate on the photocatalytic performance of V/N-TiO_(2)@HC are studied in detail.Our study provides a practical so-lution for the continuous and complete photocatalytic degradation of VOCs and opens a new application field for HC.展开更多
文摘This study compares the relative efficacy of the continuation task and the model-as-feedbackwriting (MAFW) task in EFL writing development. Ninety intermediate-level Chinese EFL learnerswere randomly assigned to a continuation group, a MAFW group, and a control group, each with30 learners. A pretest and a posttest were used to gauge L2 writing development. Results showedthat the continuation task outperformed the MAFW task not only in enhancing the overall qualityof L2 writing, but also in promoting the quality of three components of L2 writing, namely, content,organization, and language. The finding has important implications for L2 writing teaching andlearning.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22002008,22202226,22468042)Ningxia Key Research and Development Project(2022BEE03002,2022 BSB03056)+1 种基金the Fourth Batch of Ningxia Youth Talents Supporting Program(TJGC2019022)West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XAB2019AW02).
文摘The conversion of CO_(2) into high value added chemicals via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)reaction has attracted significant attention.The surface oxygenation environment is a significant factor influencing the performance of the catalyst.In this work,spin-polarized density-functional theory calculations have been used to investigate the adsorption and reactions of CO_(2) and H to generate CH4 and CH3OH on Fe_(5)C_(2)(100)surfaces with varying OH∗coverage.On the pure Fe_(5)C_(2)(100)surface,surface C^(∗) preferentially reacts with hydrogen to form CH4,exposing C^(∗) vacancy.CO_(2) favors adsorbing on the C^(∗) vacancy to further dissociating and activating.The co-adsorption of OH∗promotes the C^(∗) cycle process by facilitating the hydrogenation of C^(∗).The Fe_(5)C_(2) surface with an oxide interface is favorable for reducing FexOy,thereby maintaining the dynamic stability of the surface.Therefore,surface oxidation is inevitably involved in the entire C^(∗) cycle of the FTS reaction and regulates the relative content of iron oxides and iron carbides.Our work can contribute to the rational modulation of the surface C^(∗) cycle,thereby enhancing catalyst performance.
文摘We report the case of a newly diagnosed overweight patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who achieved diabetes remission using continuous glucose monitoring(CGM),which promotes patient engagement in self‐management.Key measures included selection of a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus,use of CGM,analysis of glucose trends and contributing factors,and patient guidance in maintaining a health diary and developing personalized self‐management strategies(e.g.,dietary modification and exercise regimens).Following 6‐month CGM‐guided self‐management,the patient's glycated hemoglobin level decreased from 7.3%at baseline to 6.0%and his body weight decreased from 83 to 77 kg,a 7%reduction;thus,the patient met the criteria for diabetes remission.
基金Supported by the National Key R and D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501700 and No.2021YFC2501705and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82171580 and No.81672646.
文摘BACKGROUND Studies have shown that patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII)require a lower dose of insulin than those treated with multiple daily injections(MDIs).However,it is unclear whether this is also the case for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).AIM To compare insulin dosage requirements between CSII and MDI in T2DM,iden-tifying influencing factors associated with both therapeutic modalities.METHODS A total of 954 patients with T2DM were divided into two groups:CSII and MDI groups.The total daily insulin dose(TDD),TDD per kilogram per day(TDD/kg),and ratio of total basal insulin dose to TDD(%TBa)required to achieve the target blood glucose levels were compared between the two groups.In addition,factors affecting insulin dosage were analyzed in both groups of patients.RESULTS Compared to the CSII group,the MDI group required a higher TDD[median(interquartile)]:30.00(24.00,38.00)U/day vs 26.40(21.60,32.40)U/day;P<0.01,TDD/kg and%TBa.In the MDI group and CSII groups,an increase in TDD was independently associated with an increase in body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c).The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)mainly involves insulin resistance and progressiveβ-cell failure,which leads to increased blood glucose levels(hyperglycemia)[1-3].Treatment for T2DM includes antidiabetic medications and insulin therapy[4,5].Patients with T2DM withβ-cell failure usually require insulin therapy[6-8].Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII)and multiple daily injections(MDIs)are two major insulin therapies for controlling hyperglycemia in these patients.However,excessive insulin therapies may cause problems such as hypoglycemia,weight gain,and iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia[9].Therefore,attention should be paid to the dosage of insulin used.The establishment of insulin regimens for CSII and MDI therapies is primarily guided by physicians’empirical judgment.To date,there have been few clear guidelines or recommendations on the appropriate insulin dose during CSII and MDI treatment for T2DM[10].Yang et al[11]studied insulin doses and related factors in the CSII treatment of patients with T2DM[12].However,these studies did not cover the dose setting and related factors in MDI treatment.Previous studies have shown that patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with CSII require less insulin than those treated with MDIs[13-15].However,it is unclear whether patients with T2DM on CSII also require less insulin than patients on MDI.Therefore,the present study determined the difference in insulin dosages between CSII and MDI therapies and evaluated the related factors in patients with T2DM.It also systematically analyzed the insulin dose characteristics of MDI and CSII in 954 hospitalized patients with T2DM,aiming to optimize the insulin dosage regimen and provide clinical references for guiding the application of CSII and MDI in patients with T2DM.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFD1700303,2022YFD17800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21878088,21476077)for financial support。
文摘Triflumezopyrim(TFM)is a novel mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones insecticide,which acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(n ACh Rs)and has no cross-resistance with other insecticides.Herein,we firstly developed a new continuous flow approach to synthesis 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]malonic acid,a key intermate of TFM,coupling with esterification,condensation,and hydrolysis.All three-step reactions were optimized and transformed into a continuous synthesis mode by three micro reaction units.Compared with the batch mode,the total reaction time and overall separation yield were improved from more than 12 h and 60%to 18 min and 73.38%,respectively.The solvent consumption and waste emission were significantly reduced,which also provides an eco-friendly and efficient potential tool for the development and production of mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones insecticide.
基金Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2017JJ3124)of Chinathe Scientific Research Fund(14B099)of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China
文摘In order to relieve the deficiency of the usual cubic Hermite spline curves,the quartic Hermite spline curves with shape parameters is further studied in this work. The interpolation error and estimator of the quartic Hermite spline curves are given. And the characteristics of the quartic Hermite spline curves are discussed.The quartic Hermite spline curves not only have the same interpolation and continuity properties of the usual cubic Hermite spline curves, but also can achieve local or global shape adjustment and C;continuity by the shape parameters when the interpolation conditions are fixed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50875171)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2009AA04Z150)
文摘A numerical control (NC) tool path of digital CAD model is widely generated as a set of short line segments in machining. However, there are three shortcomings in the linear tool path, such as discontinuities of tangency and curvature, huge number of line segments, and short lengths of line segments. These disadvantages hinder the development of high speed machining. To smooth the linear tool path and improve machining efficiency of short line segments, this paper presents an optimal feed interpolator based on G^2 continuous Bézier curves for the linear tool path. First, the areas suitable for fitting are screened out based on the geometric characteristics of continuous short segments (CSSs). CSSs in every area are compressed and fitted into a G^2 Continuous Bézier curve by using the least square method. Then a series of cubic Bézier curves are generated. However, the junction between adjacent Bézier curves is only G^0 continuous. By adjusting the control points and inserting Bézier transition curves between adjacent Bézier curves, the G^2 continuous tool path is constructed. The fitting error is estimated by the second-order Taylor formula. Without iteration, the fitting algorithm can be implemented in real-time environment. Second, the optimal feed interpolator considering the comprehensive constraints (such as the chord error constraint, the maximum normal acceleration, servo capacity of each axis, etc.) is proposed. Simulation and experiment are conducted. The results shows that the proposed method can generate smooth path, decrease the amount of segments and reduce machining time for machining of linear tool path. The proposed research provides an effective method for high-speed machining of complex 2-D/3-D profiles described by short line segments.
基金Project supported by the Science Project of Harbin City(No. H2001-12)the Youth Foundation of School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering in Harbin Institute of Technology(No. 01306914).
文摘The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount on degradation of formaldehyde gas were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the combination of ozonation with photocatalytic oxidation on the degradation of formaldehyde showed a synergetic action, e.g,, it could considerably increase decomposing of formaldehyde. The degradation efficiency of formaldehyde was between 73.6% and 79.4% while the initial concentration in the range of 1.84--24 mg/m^3 by O3/TiO2flJV process. The optimal humidity was about 50% in UV/TiO2/O3 processs and degradation of formaldehyde increases from 39.0% to 94.1% when the ozone content increased from 0 to 141 mg/m^3. Furthermore, the kinetics of formaldehyde degradation reaction could be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constant k of 46.72 mg/（m^3.min） and Langmuir adsorption coefficient K of 0.0268 m^3/mg were obtained.
基金supported by the National Major Grant of"Accumulation Law,Key Technologies and Evaluations of the Stratigraphic Reservoirs"(No.2008ZX05000-001) from the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development,PetroChina
文摘＂Continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source rocks and ＂＇continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the middle- south transition region, Sichuan Basin. The source rocks of the Xul Member and reservoir rocks of the Xu2 Member are thick （Xul Member： 40 m, Xu2 Member： 120 m） and are distributed continuously in this study area. The results of drilled wells show that the widespread sandstone reservoirs of the Xu2 Member are charged with natural gas. Therefore, the natural gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region are ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs. The accumulation of ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is controlled by an adequate driving force of the pressure differences between source rocks and reservoirs, which is demonstrated by a ＂one-dimensional＂ physical simulation experiment. In this simulation, the natural gas of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs moves tbrward with no preferential petroleum migration pathways （PPMP）, and the natural gas saturation of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is higher than that of conventional reservoirs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(60673026,50875130,50805075 and 50875126)
文摘This article presents a new method for G2 continuous interpolation of an arbitrary sequence of points on an implicit or parametric surfaee with prescribed tangent direction and curvature vector,respectively,at every point.First,a G2 continuous curve is constructed in three-dimensional space.Then the curve is projected normally onto the given surface.The desired interpolation curve is just the projection curve,which can be obtained by numerieally solving the initialvalue problems for a system of first-order ordinary differential equations in the parametric domain for parametric case or in three-dimensional space for implicit ease.Several shape parameters are introduced into the resulting curve,which can be used in subsequent interactive modification so that the shape of the resulting curve meets our demand.The presented method is independent of the geometry and parameterization of the base surface.Numerical experiments demonstrate that it is effective and potentially useful in numerical control(NC)machining,path planning for robotic fibre placement,patterns design on surface and other industrial and research fields.
文摘Continuous thermo-mechanical processing (CTMP) of 6201 aluminum alloy was simulated on Gleeble-1500. The deformed specimens were analyzed by the observation of TEM and the measurement of hardness. It was shown that rapid solid solution and aging treatment can be effectively combined in one procedure by the strain induced during CTMP. The deformation temperature is ranging from 540* C to 300* C, the hardness increases directly before the 6th pass followed by a slight drop, the amount of precipitates increases with the holding time after deformation. Uniformly distributed and stabilized Mg2Si precipitates, as well as dislocation substructure can be observed on deformed specimens which have been subsequently held at 300℃ for 60 seconds.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81774134 and No.81873174Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China,No.BK20150558 and No.BK20171331+2 种基金Postdoctoral Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China,No.1501120CJiangsu Province 333 Talent Funding Project,No.BRA2017595Young Medical Key Talents Project of Jiangsu Province,No.QNRC2016902.
文摘BACKGROUND Time in range(TIR),as a novel metric for glycemic control,has robust relevance with diabetic complications.Diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)is characterized by sudomotor dysfunction.AIM To explore the relationship between TIR obtained from continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)and sudomotor function detected by SUDOSCAN in subjects with type 2 diabetes.METHODS The research enrolled 466 inpatients with type 2 diabetes.All subjects underwent 3-d CGM and SUDOSCAN.SUDOSCAN was assessed with electrochemical skin conductance in hands(HESC)and feet(FESC).Average feet ESC<60μS was defined as sudomotor dysfunction(+),otherwise it was sudomotor dysfunction(-).TIR refers to the percentage of time when blood glucose is between 3.9-10 mmol/L during 1 d period.RESULTS Among the enrolled subjects,135(28.97%)presented with sudomotor dysfunction.Patients with sudomotor dysfunction(+)showed a decreased level of TIR(P<0.001).Compared to the lowest tertile of TIR,the middle and the highest tertiles of TIR was associated with an obviously lower prevalence of sudomotor dysfunction(20.51%and 21.94%vs 44.52%)(P<0.001).In addition,with the increase of TIR,HESC and FESC increased(P<0.001).Regression analysis demonstrated that TIR was inversely and independently linked with the prevalence of sudomotor dysfunction after adjusting for confounding values(odds ratio=0.979,95%CI:0.971-0.987,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The tight glycemic control assessed by TIR is of vitally protective value for sudomotor dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
文摘Incidence of defects in MoSi2 rods prepared by con- tinuous extrusion is dependent on the viscosity of binder. Generally, low viscosity results in surface defects while high viscosity is responsible for inner defects. Cross-section observations indicated that the typical inner defects in sintered MoSi2 rods were large fissure cavity, multiple small holes and single small cavity, of which the characteristic ultrasonic reflection patterns have been experimentally established. Formation of the inner defects is attributed to the inhomogeneous feedstock moving behav- ior in die, which is aggravated with increasing viscosity of binder. Defect free MoSi2 rods were prepared successfully via con. tinuous extrusion by carefully controlling the viscosity of binder.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Projects for State Environmental Protection and Commonweal (No. 200709048)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20977054/B070704)+1 种基金the Innovation Fund of Nankai UniversityJoint Research Grant to Both Nankai University and Tianjin University sponsored by the Ministry of Education,China
文摘A new air exchange rate （AER） monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted in a 1-m3 environmental chamber at different AERs （0.1-10.0 hr-1）. AERs were determined using the decay method based on box model assumptions. Field tests were conducted in classrooms, dormitories, meeting rooms and apartments during 2-5 weekdays using CO2 sensors coupled with data loggers. Indoor temperature, relative humidity （RH）, and CO2 concentrations were continuously monitored while outdoor parameters combined with on-site climate conditions were recorded. Statistical results indicated that good laboratory performance was achieved： duplicate precision was within 10%, and the measured AERs were 90%-120% of the real AERs. Average AERs were 1.22, 1.37, 1.10, 1.91 and 0.73 hr-l in dormitories, air-conditioned classrooms, classrooms with an air circulation cooling system, reading rooms, and meeting rooms, respectively. In an elderly particulate matter exposure study, all the homes had AER values ranging from 0.29 to 3.46 hr-1 in fall, and 0.12 to 1.39 hr-1 in winter with a median AER of 1.15.
基金the financial supports from the Science and Technology Special Project, China (No. K19168)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2017-VI-0004-0075)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52231002)。
文摘Ti_(2)AlNb-based alloy was joined in a continuous drive friction welding machine under different rotational rates(500,1000 and 1500 r/min).The microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated.It is shown that the weld zone(WZ) is fully composed of recrystallized B2 phase,and the grain size decreases with increasing rotational rate.The thermo-mechanically affected zone(TMAZ) suffers severe deformation during welding,due to which most of original precipitation phase is dissolved and streamlines are present.In the heat affected zone(HAZ),only the fine O phase is dissolved.The as-welded joint produced using 1000 r/min has the best mechanical properties,whose strength and elongation are both close to those of the base metal,while the as-welded joint obtained using 500 r/min exhibits the worst mechanical properties.Post-weld annealing treatment annihilates the deformation microstructure and fine O phase precipitates in the joints,consequently improving the mechanical properties significantly.Decomposed α_(2) phase is a weakness for the mechanical performance of the joint since microcracks are apt to form in it in the tensile test.
文摘Few studies have assessed the difference in adaptive changes of alcohol metabolism in the case of chronic alcohol consumption pertaining to the genetic polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in humans. To evaluate the influences of ALDH2 genotypes on changes in alcohol metabolism due to continuous alcohol intake, we conducted an intervention study by setting a continuous drinking period between two abstinence periods. The subjects in this study comprised 20 - 25-year-old males, including 15 males carrying ALDH2*1/*1 and 16 carrying ALDH2*1/*2 genotypes. Following the abstinence period of 4 weeks (from day 1 to day 28), all subjects drank commercially available beer (500 ml) every evening for 6 weeks (from day 30 to day 71) and subsequently abstained from drinking again for 4 weeks (from day 73 to day 100). The next morning, after the end of each period, drinking tests (DTs) were performed on each subject (DT1 on day 29, DT2 on day 72, and DT3 on day 101) to examine alcohol metabolism. The subjects drank shochu (a distilled alcoholic beverage), with an ethanol dose of 0.32 g/kg, within 20 minutes after overnight fasting. The alcohol elimination rate in subjects with ALDH2*1/*1 genotype was significantly higher during DT2 after the drinking period as compared with those at both DT1 and DT3 after the abstinence periods, whereas the elimination rate in subjects with ALDH2*1/*2 genotype did not change significantly during 3 DTs. However, blood acetaldehyde levels significantly decreased in subjects with both ALDH2 genotypes during DT2 as compared with those during DT1. The physiological subjective responses to alcohol also significantly decreased during DT2 in subjects with ALDH2*1/*2 genotype. Moreover, serum lipids, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and uric acid concentrations also varied between subjects with different ALDH2 genotypes due to continuous drinking. These results suggested that ALDH2 polymorphism modified adaptive changes in alcohol metabolism and physiological responses to continuous moderate alcohol consumption.
基金financial support of this work from the Key Research and Development Project of Gansu Province(No.20YF3GA008)the Lanzhou Science and Technology Lanzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(No.2022-2-15)+1 种基金Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Commissioner Special Project(No.22CX8GA106)Key Research and Development Project of Gansu Natural Energy Institute(No.2019YF-02).
文摘Photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is a significant applying aspect of pho-tocatalysis.Both the modulation of photocatalysts and the rational dispersion of them on supports are key for solar-driven VOC degradation.Conventional batch-type photoreactors have low efficiency while continuous-flow photoreactors suffer from the problem of incomplete removal of VOCs.Herein,aiming for continuous and complete degradation of toluene gas as the target contaminant,continuous-flow pho-tocatalytic degradation reactors were made by adhering the vanadium and nitrogen codoped TiO_(2)on honeycomb ceramics(V/N-TiO_(2)@HC)by a simple sol-gel method.In such a reactor,the rich ordered pores in the HC accelerate mass transport of toluene,and the introduction of V/N dopants narrows the bandgap and widens the light absorption range of TiO_(2),together resulting in continuous and nearly-complete pho-tocatalytic degradation of toluene.The unique and stable structure of HC allows the photocatalysts to be reused.The degradation rate of toluene gas can reach 97.8%,and after 24 rounds of photocatalytic degra-dation,there is still a degradation rate of 96.7%.The impacts of loading times and gaseous flow rate on the photocatalytic performance of V/N-TiO_(2)@HC are studied in detail.Our study provides a practical so-lution for the continuous and complete photocatalytic degradation of VOCs and opens a new application field for HC.
