Litter decomposition is the fundamental process in nutrient cycling and soil carbon（C） sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. The global-wide increase in nitrogen（N） inputs is expected to alter litter decomposit...Litter decomposition is the fundamental process in nutrient cycling and soil carbon（C） sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. The global-wide increase in nitrogen（N） inputs is expected to alter litter decomposition and,ultimately, affect ecosystem C storage and nutrient status. Temperate grassland ecosystems in China are usually N-deficient and particularly sensitive to the changes in exogenous N additions. In this paper, we conducted a 1,200-day in situ experiment in a typical semi-arid temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia to investigate the litter decomposition as well as the dynamics of litter C and N concentrations under three N addition levels（low N with 50 kg N/（hm2？a）（LN）, medium N with 100 kg N/（hm2？a）（MN）, and high N with 200 kg N/（hm2？a）（HN）） and three N addition forms（ammonium-N-based with 100 kg N/（hm2？a） as ammonium sulfate（AS）, nitrate-N-based with 100 kg N/（hm2？a） as sodium nitrate（SN）, and mixed-N-based with 100 kg N/（hm2？a） as calcium ammonium nitrate（CAN）） compared to control with no N addition（CK）. The results indicated that the litter mass remaining in all N treatments exhibited a similar decomposition pattern： fast decomposition within the initial 120 days, followed by a relatively slow decomposition in the remaining observation period（120–1,200 days）. The decomposition pattern in each treatment was fitted well in two split-phase models, namely, a single exponential decay model in phase I（〈398 days） and a linear decay function in phase II（≥398 days）. The three N addition levels exerted insignificant effects on litter decomposition in the early stages（〈398 days, phase I; P〉0.05）. However, MN and HN treatments inhibited litter mass loss after 398 and 746 days, respectively（P〈0.05）. AS and SN treatments exerted similar effects on litter mass remaining during the entire decomposition period（P〉0.05）. The effects of these two N addition forms differed greatly from those of CAN after 746 and 1,053 days, respectively（P〈0.05）. During the decomposition period, N concentrations in the decomposing litter increased whereas C concentrations decreased, which also led to an exponential decrease in litter C：N ratios in all treatments. No significant effects were induced by N addition levels and forms on litter C and N concentrations（P〉0.05）. Our results indicated that exogenous N additions could exhibit neutral or inhibitory effects on litter decomposition, and the inhibitory effects of N additions on litter decomposition in the final decay stages are not caused by the changes in the chemical qualities of the litter, such as endogenous N and C concentrations. These results will provide an important data basis for the simulation and prediction of C cycle processes in future N-deposition scenarios.展开更多
To investigate the food web structure of Liusha Bay,the δ13C and δ15N values of various organisms collected in Liusha Bay were measured via stable isotope technique.Based on the calculated δ15N value,the correlatio...To investigate the food web structure of Liusha Bay,the δ13C and δ15N values of various organisms collected in Liusha Bay were measured via stable isotope technique.Based on the calculated δ15N value,the correlation between stable isotope ratio and trophic level were established to predict the trophic levels of shrimps,crabs,cephalopods and fishes.By comparing the analysis results of stomach contents of 24 organisms,two methods gave a similar consistence in approximately 71% of organisms within a 0.5 trophic level.It is concluded that stable isotope technique could be an effective method for studying ocean food web trophic level.展开更多
利用FACE(free air carbon dioxide enrichment)技术平台,在两种氮肥施用(低氮,LN和常规氮,NN)水平下,研究CO2浓度升高对水稻和小麦收获后根际和非根际土壤可溶性碳、有机磷、速效磷和速效钾的影响。结果表明,相对于对照CO2浓度处理,高...利用FACE(free air carbon dioxide enrichment)技术平台,在两种氮肥施用(低氮,LN和常规氮,NN)水平下,研究CO2浓度升高对水稻和小麦收获后根际和非根际土壤可溶性碳、有机磷、速效磷和速效钾的影响。结果表明,相对于对照CO2浓度处理,高CO2浓度处理在显著增加作物生物量的前提下,土壤速效磷和速效钾不但没有降低反而增加,增加幅度小麦季大于水稻季,根际大于非根际;水稻季土壤可溶性碳含量增加,且NN水平下水稻和小麦季进入土壤的可溶性碳增加,导致土壤有机磷降低幅度低于LN水平,且水稻季根际土壤大于非根际土壤,有机磷的降低是保证有效磷升高的一个重要因素,增加氮肥施用将有利于土壤有机磷的增加,对维持土壤磷的供给有积极作用,有利于作物对高CO浓度的持续响应。展开更多
【目的】适宜机栽的油菜毯苗密度大,个体小,抗逆能力差,研究不同氮肥用量对油菜毯苗农艺性状、生理指标以及栽后活棵率的影响,明确油菜机栽毯苗培育的适宜供氮水平。【方法】于2020和2021年份以秦优10号和宁杂158两个油菜品种为供试材料...【目的】适宜机栽的油菜毯苗密度大,个体小,抗逆能力差,研究不同氮肥用量对油菜毯苗农艺性状、生理指标以及栽后活棵率的影响,明确油菜机栽毯苗培育的适宜供氮水平。【方法】于2020和2021年份以秦优10号和宁杂158两个油菜品种为供试材料,在子叶期喷施0.25 g N/盘基础上,于一叶一心期设置0(不施氮肥)、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 g N/盘共5个氮肥用量处理,播种后30 d测定农艺性状和生理指标,机栽后10 d田间调查活棵率。【结果】播种后30 d每盘存苗数的变化范围为627—669,随着供氮水平增加,存苗数呈先增加后降低。不同部位的含氮率随着氮肥用量的增加逐渐增加,地上部含氮率高于地下部,碳素含量随着供氮水平的增加总体上呈降低趋势,地下部碳素含量高于对应的地上部碳素含量。地上、地下部碳氮比的变化范围分别为6.98—9.69和12.35—16.26,随着供氮水平的增加均表现为下降趋势。随着氮肥用量增加,油菜毯苗株高、单株叶面积、鲜重、干重和水分含量逐渐增加,其中以地下部鲜重的增加幅度最大,秦优10号和宁杂158两个油菜品种2.0 g N/盘处理的地下部鲜重平均值与不施氮肥处理相比增加幅度分别为106.3%和95.0%。根颈直径和栽后活棵率随着氮肥用量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,相同年份和品种试验中根颈直径均以1.5 g N/盘处理最高,不同处理栽后活棵率的变化范围为81.7%—97.1%,以1.0和1.5 g N/盘处理较高,均在95%以上,并且两者之间无显著差异。【结论】油菜毯苗培育过程中,在子叶期喷施0.25 g N/盘基础上,一叶一心期喷施1.0—1.5 g N/盘时,机械移栽后每盘存苗数较高,根颈粗、含氮率和碳氮比值适宜,栽后活棵率高。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41073061, 41203054, 40730105, 40973057)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-302)
文摘Litter decomposition is the fundamental process in nutrient cycling and soil carbon（C） sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. The global-wide increase in nitrogen（N） inputs is expected to alter litter decomposition and,ultimately, affect ecosystem C storage and nutrient status. Temperate grassland ecosystems in China are usually N-deficient and particularly sensitive to the changes in exogenous N additions. In this paper, we conducted a 1,200-day in situ experiment in a typical semi-arid temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia to investigate the litter decomposition as well as the dynamics of litter C and N concentrations under three N addition levels（low N with 50 kg N/（hm2？a）（LN）, medium N with 100 kg N/（hm2？a）（MN）, and high N with 200 kg N/（hm2？a）（HN）） and three N addition forms（ammonium-N-based with 100 kg N/（hm2？a） as ammonium sulfate（AS）, nitrate-N-based with 100 kg N/（hm2？a） as sodium nitrate（SN）, and mixed-N-based with 100 kg N/（hm2？a） as calcium ammonium nitrate（CAN）） compared to control with no N addition（CK）. The results indicated that the litter mass remaining in all N treatments exhibited a similar decomposition pattern： fast decomposition within the initial 120 days, followed by a relatively slow decomposition in the remaining observation period（120–1,200 days）. The decomposition pattern in each treatment was fitted well in two split-phase models, namely, a single exponential decay model in phase I（〈398 days） and a linear decay function in phase II（≥398 days）. The three N addition levels exerted insignificant effects on litter decomposition in the early stages（〈398 days, phase I; P〉0.05）. However, MN and HN treatments inhibited litter mass loss after 398 and 746 days, respectively（P〈0.05）. AS and SN treatments exerted similar effects on litter mass remaining during the entire decomposition period（P〉0.05）. The effects of these two N addition forms differed greatly from those of CAN after 746 and 1,053 days, respectively（P〈0.05）. During the decomposition period, N concentrations in the decomposing litter increased whereas C concentrations decreased, which also led to an exponential decrease in litter C：N ratios in all treatments. No significant effects were induced by N addition levels and forms on litter C and N concentrations（P〉0.05）. Our results indicated that exogenous N additions could exhibit neutral or inhibitory effects on litter decomposition, and the inhibitory effects of N additions on litter decomposition in the final decay stages are not caused by the changes in the chemical qualities of the litter, such as endogenous N and C concentrations. These results will provide an important data basis for the simulation and prediction of C cycle processes in future N-deposition scenarios.
基金Supported by Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean(200905005-05)Special S&T Program for Key Independent Innovation in Guangdong Province(2007A032600004)
文摘To investigate the food web structure of Liusha Bay,the δ13C and δ15N values of various organisms collected in Liusha Bay were measured via stable isotope technique.Based on the calculated δ15N value,the correlation between stable isotope ratio and trophic level were established to predict the trophic levels of shrimps,crabs,cephalopods and fishes.By comparing the analysis results of stomach contents of 24 organisms,two methods gave a similar consistence in approximately 71% of organisms within a 0.5 trophic level.It is concluded that stable isotope technique could be an effective method for studying ocean food web trophic level.
文摘利用FACE(free air carbon dioxide enrichment)技术平台,在两种氮肥施用(低氮,LN和常规氮,NN)水平下,研究CO2浓度升高对水稻和小麦收获后根际和非根际土壤可溶性碳、有机磷、速效磷和速效钾的影响。结果表明,相对于对照CO2浓度处理,高CO2浓度处理在显著增加作物生物量的前提下,土壤速效磷和速效钾不但没有降低反而增加,增加幅度小麦季大于水稻季,根际大于非根际;水稻季土壤可溶性碳含量增加,且NN水平下水稻和小麦季进入土壤的可溶性碳增加,导致土壤有机磷降低幅度低于LN水平,且水稻季根际土壤大于非根际土壤,有机磷的降低是保证有效磷升高的一个重要因素,增加氮肥施用将有利于土壤有机磷的增加,对维持土壤磷的供给有积极作用,有利于作物对高CO浓度的持续响应。
文摘【目的】适宜机栽的油菜毯苗密度大,个体小,抗逆能力差,研究不同氮肥用量对油菜毯苗农艺性状、生理指标以及栽后活棵率的影响,明确油菜机栽毯苗培育的适宜供氮水平。【方法】于2020和2021年份以秦优10号和宁杂158两个油菜品种为供试材料,在子叶期喷施0.25 g N/盘基础上,于一叶一心期设置0(不施氮肥)、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 g N/盘共5个氮肥用量处理,播种后30 d测定农艺性状和生理指标,机栽后10 d田间调查活棵率。【结果】播种后30 d每盘存苗数的变化范围为627—669,随着供氮水平增加,存苗数呈先增加后降低。不同部位的含氮率随着氮肥用量的增加逐渐增加,地上部含氮率高于地下部,碳素含量随着供氮水平的增加总体上呈降低趋势,地下部碳素含量高于对应的地上部碳素含量。地上、地下部碳氮比的变化范围分别为6.98—9.69和12.35—16.26,随着供氮水平的增加均表现为下降趋势。随着氮肥用量增加,油菜毯苗株高、单株叶面积、鲜重、干重和水分含量逐渐增加,其中以地下部鲜重的增加幅度最大,秦优10号和宁杂158两个油菜品种2.0 g N/盘处理的地下部鲜重平均值与不施氮肥处理相比增加幅度分别为106.3%和95.0%。根颈直径和栽后活棵率随着氮肥用量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,相同年份和品种试验中根颈直径均以1.5 g N/盘处理最高,不同处理栽后活棵率的变化范围为81.7%—97.1%,以1.0和1.5 g N/盘处理较高,均在95%以上,并且两者之间无显著差异。【结论】油菜毯苗培育过程中,在子叶期喷施0.25 g N/盘基础上,一叶一心期喷施1.0—1.5 g N/盘时,机械移栽后每盘存苗数较高,根颈粗、含氮率和碳氮比值适宜,栽后活棵率高。
