AIM: To investigate the role of the mitochondrial pathway in JTE-522-induced apoptosis and to investigate the relationship between cytochrome C release, caspase activity and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (D...AIM: To investigate the role of the mitochondrial pathway in JTE-522-induced apoptosis and to investigate the relationship between cytochrome C release, caspase activity and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim). METHODS: Cell culture, cell counting, ELISA assay, TUNEL, flow cytometry, Western blot and fluorometric assay were employed to investigate the effect of JTE-522 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in AGS cells and related molecular mechanism. RESULTS: JTE-522 inhibited the growth of AGS cells and induced the apoptosis. Caspases 8 and 9 were activated during apoptosis as judged by the appearance of cleavage products from procaspase and the caspase activities to cleave specific fluorogenic substrates. To elucidate whether the activation of caspases 8 and 9 was required for the apoptosis induction, we examined the effect of caspase-specific inhibitors on apoptosis. The results showed that caspase inhibitors significantly inhibited the apoptosis induced by JTE-522. In addition, the membrane translocation of Bax and cytosolic release of cytochrome C accompanying with the decrease of the uptake of Rhodamin 123, were detected at an early stage of apoptosis. Furthermore, Bax translocation, cytochrome C release, and caspase 9 activation were blocked by Z-VAD.fmk and Z-IETD-CHO. CONCLUSION: The present data indicate a crucial association between activation of caspases 8, 9, cytochrome C release, membrane translocation of Bax, loss of Deltapsim and JTE-522-induced apoptosis in AGS cells.展开更多
Trail, a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, is a novel potent endogenous activator of the cell death pathway through the activation of cell surface death receptors Trail-R1 and Trail-R2. Its role...Trail, a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, is a novel potent endogenous activator of the cell death pathway through the activation of cell surface death receptors Trail-R1 and Trail-R2. Its role, like FasL in activation-induced cell death (AICD), has been demonstrated in immune system. However the mechanism of Trail induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this report, the recombinant Trail protein was expressed and purified. The apoptosis-inducing activity and the regulation mechanism of recombinant Trail on Jurkat T cells were explored in vitro. Trypan blue exclusion assay demonstrated that the recombinant Trail protein actively killed Jurkat T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells were remarkably reduced by Bcl-2 over expression in Bcl-2 gene transfected cells. Treatment with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), a PKC activator, suppressed Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. The inhibition of apoptosis by PMA was abolished by pretreatment with Bis, a PKC inhibitor. Taken together, it was suggested that Bcl-2 over-expression and PMA activated PKC actively down-regulated the Trail-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cell.展开更多
A radical C−C-coupling reaction of acetonitrile into succinonitrile over hydrophobic TiO_(2) photocatalyst with enhanced catalytic activity was developed.In addition,the usage of a flow reactor further improved the ph...A radical C−C-coupling reaction of acetonitrile into succinonitrile over hydrophobic TiO_(2) photocatalyst with enhanced catalytic activity was developed.In addition,the usage of a flow reactor further improved the photon utilization efficiency for succinonitrile synthesis at room temperature.The space time yield of succinonitrile reached 55.59μmol/(g·h)over hydrophobic TiO_(2) catalyst,which was much higher than that of pristine TiO_(2)(4.23μmol/(g·h)).Mechanistic studies revealed that the hydrophobic modification of TiO_(2) promoted the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers,as well as suppressed their recombination.Hydrophobic TiO_(2) also enhanced the adsorption of−CH3 of acetonitrile,thus facilitating the activation of C−H bond and the utilization efficiency of photocarriers.展开更多
AIM: To identify hepatitis C virus(HCV) core protein epitopes recognized by HLA-A2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). METHODS: Utilizing the method of computer prediction followed by a 4h(51)Cr release assay con...AIM: To identify hepatitis C virus(HCV) core protein epitopes recognized by HLA-A2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). METHODS: Utilizing the method of computer prediction followed by a 4h(51)Cr release assay confirmation. RESULTS: The results showed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from two HLA-A2 positive donors who were infected with HCV could lyse autologous target cells labeled with peptide "ALAHGVRAL (core 150-158)". The rates of specific lysis of the cells from the two donors were 37.5% and 15.8%, respectively. Blocking of the CTL response with anti-CD4 mAb caused no significant decrease of the specific lysis. But blocking of CTL response with anti-CD8 mAb could abolish the lysis. CONCLUSION: The peptide (core 150-158) is the candidate epitope recognized by HLAA2 restricted CTL.展开更多
An electron-addition, under single-crystal conditions, to pentavalent phosphorus compounds as Cl-P (=O, S) Y, Z with the P-Cl bond as electron-accepting group, is selected as an additional model for SN2(P) like reacti...An electron-addition, under single-crystal conditions, to pentavalent phosphorus compounds as Cl-P (=O, S) Y, Z with the P-Cl bond as electron-accepting group, is selected as an additional model for SN2(P) like reactions. It is demonstrated that the geometric information stored in the tetrahedral configuration (substrate) can be transmitted in the corresponding trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) state for nucleophilic substitution. In this article, we focus on these specific mechanistic aspects of carbon and phosphorus. We consider our study as a contribution to the significance of these (bio)chemical intermediates.展开更多
Cisplatin （CP） , a highly effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agent, has a major limitation for its nephrotoxicity. We recently identified a novel strategy for attenuating its nephrotoxicity in chemotherapy b...Cisplatin （CP） , a highly effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agent, has a major limitation for its nephrotoxicity. We recently identified a novel strategy for attenuating its nephrotoxicity in chemotherapy by an ef- fective adjuvant via epigenetic modification through targeting Histone deacetylase 2 （HDAC2）. Glycyrrhizic acid （GA） ,a major active component of Licorice, was described here for its new application. Molecular docking and Surface Plasmon resonance （SPR） assay firstly reported that 18βGA, GA metabolite in vivo, could directly bind to HDAC2 and prevent HDAC2 activation. The effects and mechanisms of GA and its major metabolite 18βGA were assessed in CP-induced acute kidney injury （AKI） in C57BL/6 mice, and in CP-treated HK-2 and mTEC cells lines. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and flow cytometry （FCM） results confirmed that GA and 18βGA could inhibit apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by CP in vivo and in vitro. Western blot and immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the expression of bone morphogenetic protein- 7 （BMP-7） , a protective molecule in renal inflammation, was clearly induced by 18βGA in AKI models while siR- NA BMP-7 could reduce the inhibitory effect of 18βGA on apoptosis. Results of current study indicated that 18βGA inhibited apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells via enhancing level of BMP-7 epigenetically through targeting HDAC2, therefore protecting against CP-induced AKI. These available evidence, which led to an improved under- standing of molecular recognition, suggested that 18βGA could serve as a potential clinical adjuvant in chemothera-展开更多
Although atmospheric CO_(2) observations are becoming increasingly widespread in China,the identification of CO_(2) emission sources is still scarce,especially in undeveloped Central China.To effectively address this ...Although atmospheric CO_(2) observations are becoming increasingly widespread in China,the identification of CO_(2) emission sources is still scarce,especially in undeveloped Central China.To effectively address this issue,in a typical site in Central China,the simultaneous measurements of atmospheric CO_(2),CO,andδ^(13)C were conducted,and the characteristics of CO_(2) emission sources were systematically investigated based on the relationships among CO_(2),CO,andδ^(13)C.The average CO_(2)/CO ratio of winter increased from 52.4 ppm/ppm during 2018–2020 to 65.1 ppm/ppm during 2021–2022,which confirmed the improvement of energy consumption efficiency in China.Air-mass transportation from central China and Yangtze River Delta regions contributed largely to higher CO_(2)/CO ratios in 2021–2022.A highermean CO_(2)/CO ratio appeared during the morning rush hours(60.3 ppm/ppm)than in the afternoon rush hours(51.4 ppm/ppm)in winter.In addition,the meanδ^(13)C value of CO_(2) sources(δ^(13)Cs)also displayed more negative values during the morning rush hours(-28.3‰)than the afternoon rush hours(-22.2‰),suggesting the significant influence of vehicle and natural gas usage at themorning rush hours and the impact of straw burning in the afternoon rush hours.The meanδ^(13)Cs was-24.7‰for winter and-21.9‰for vegetation season,implying the main contribution of coal in winter and the impact of C4 plants during the vegetation season.The contribution of biogenic respiration CO_(2) was inferred to exceed 50%during the nighttime of summer according to the obtained meanδ^(13)C value of biogenic respiration CO_(2),which was calculated to be-21.4‰.展开更多
Effects of VC/Cr3C2 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets were studied. The microstructure was investigated by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry as well as scanning...Effects of VC/Cr3C2 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets were studied. The microstructure was investigated by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry as well as scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive spectrometry. Mechanical properties, such as transverse rupture strength, hardness and fracture toughness, were measured. The results show that there are black core-grey rim structure and white core-grey rim structure in the microstructure. The grains become fine due to the VC/Cr3C2, and the grains of cermet added with 0.75VC/0.25Cr3C2 are refined most remarkably. The black core becomes finer with the increase of VC addition and rim phase becomes thicker with the decrease of Cr3C2 addition. The porosity increases with the increase of VC addition in VC/Cr3C2. Compared with the cermet free of VC/Cr3C2, the transverse rupture strength and hardness of cermets with VC/Cr3C2 are both improved, and the maximum values are both found for the cermet with 0.25VC/0.75Cr3C2. The fracture toughness can be effectively promoted by adding VC/Cr3C2 with an appropriate ratio of VC to Cr3C2, and the maximum value is found for the cermet with 0.5VC/0.5Cr3C2.展开更多
Capacitor-less 2T0C dynamic random-access memory(DRAM)employing oxide semiconductors(OSs)as a channel has great potential in the development of highly scaled three dimensional(3D)-structured devices.However,the use of...Capacitor-less 2T0C dynamic random-access memory(DRAM)employing oxide semiconductors(OSs)as a channel has great potential in the development of highly scaled three dimensional(3D)-structured devices.However,the use of OS and such device structures presents certain challenges,including the trade-off relationship between the field-effect mobility and stability of OSs.Conventional 4-line-based operation of the 2T0C enlarges the entire cell volume and complicates the peripheral circuit.Herein,we proposed an IGO(In-Ga-O)channel 2-line-based 2T0C cell design and operating sequences comparable to those of the conventional Si-channel 1 T1C DRAM.IGO was adopted to achieve high thermal stability above 800℃,and the process conditions were optimized to simultaneously obtain a high μFE of 90.7 cm^(2)·V^(-)1·s^(-1),positive Vth of 0.34 V,superior reliability,and uniformity.The proposed 2-line-based 2T0C DRAM cell successfully exhibited multi-bit operation,with the stored voltage varying from 0 V to 1 V at 0.1 V intervals.Furthermore,for stored voltage intervals of 0.1 V and 0.5 V,the refresh time was 10 s and 1000 s in multi-bit operation;these values were more than 150 and 15000 times longer than those of the conventional Si channel 1T1C DRAM,respectively.A monolithic stacked 2-line-based 2T0C DRAM was fabricated,and a multi-bit operation was confirmed.展开更多
The new technology of direct decomposition of H_(2)S into high value-added H_(2) and S,as an alternative to the Claus process in industry,is an ideal route that can not only deal with toxic and abundant H_(2)S waste g...The new technology of direct decomposition of H_(2)S into high value-added H_(2) and S,as an alternative to the Claus process in industry,is an ideal route that can not only deal with toxic and abundant H_(2)S waste gas but also recover clean energy H_(2),which has significant socio-economic and ecological advantages.However,the highly effective decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures is still a great challenge,because of the stringent thermodynamic equilibrium constraints(only 20% even at high temperature of 1010℃).Conventional microwave catalysts exhibit unsatisfactory performance at low temperatures(below 600℃).Herein,Mo_(2)C@CeO_(2) catalysts with a core-shell structure were successfully developed for robust microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures.Two carbon precursors,para-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-p)and meta-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-m),were employed to tailor Mo_(2)C configurations.Remarkably,the H_(2)S conversion of Mo_(2)C-p@CeO_(2) catalyst at a low temperature of 550℃ is as high as 92.1%,which is much higher than the H_(2)S equilibrium conversion under the conventional thermal conditions(2.6% at 550℃).To our knowledge,this represents the most active catalyst for microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperature of 550℃.Notably,Mo_(2)C-p demonstrated superior intrinsic activity(84%)compared to Mo_(2)C-m(6.4%),with XPS analysis revealing that its enhanced performance stems from a higher concentration of Mo_(2+)active sites.This work presents a substitute approach for the efficient utilization of H_(2)S waste gas and opens up a novel avenue for the rational design of microwave catalysts for microwave catalytic reaction at low-temperature.展开更多
Pd/Co_(2)MnSi(CMS)/Co/Pd multilayer films were designed based on the idea of combining highly spin-polarized materials with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)films.The PMA of Pd/CMS/Co/Pd multilayer films w...Pd/Co_(2)MnSi(CMS)/Co/Pd multilayer films were designed based on the idea of combining highly spin-polarized materials with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)films.The PMA of Pd/CMS/Co/Pd multilayer films was studied by optimizing the growth conditions and thickness of each film layer.The optimal structure of the multilayer films was Pd(6 nm)/CMS(5 nm)/Co(2 nm)/Pd(1 nm).Its abnormal Hall resistance(R_(Hall)),coercivity(H_(c))and effective magnetic anisotropy constant(Keff)are 0.08Ω,284 Oe and 1.36 Merg/cm^(3),respectively,which are 100%,492%,and 183%higher than the corresponding values(0.04Ω,48 Oe,and 0.48 Merg/cm^(3))of the Pd(6 nm)/Co(1 nm)/Pd(3 nm)trilayer films.The analysis shows that the increases of the above values are the result of the Pd/CMS interface effect and CMS/Co interface ferromagnetic(FM)coupling,and that it is closely related to the thickness of each film layer in the multilayer films and the growth conditions of the multilayer films.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39770300,30070873the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council Foundation,No.98-33
文摘AIM: To investigate the role of the mitochondrial pathway in JTE-522-induced apoptosis and to investigate the relationship between cytochrome C release, caspase activity and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim). METHODS: Cell culture, cell counting, ELISA assay, TUNEL, flow cytometry, Western blot and fluorometric assay were employed to investigate the effect of JTE-522 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in AGS cells and related molecular mechanism. RESULTS: JTE-522 inhibited the growth of AGS cells and induced the apoptosis. Caspases 8 and 9 were activated during apoptosis as judged by the appearance of cleavage products from procaspase and the caspase activities to cleave specific fluorogenic substrates. To elucidate whether the activation of caspases 8 and 9 was required for the apoptosis induction, we examined the effect of caspase-specific inhibitors on apoptosis. The results showed that caspase inhibitors significantly inhibited the apoptosis induced by JTE-522. In addition, the membrane translocation of Bax and cytosolic release of cytochrome C accompanying with the decrease of the uptake of Rhodamin 123, were detected at an early stage of apoptosis. Furthermore, Bax translocation, cytochrome C release, and caspase 9 activation were blocked by Z-VAD.fmk and Z-IETD-CHO. CONCLUSION: The present data indicate a crucial association between activation of caspases 8, 9, cytochrome C release, membrane translocation of Bax, loss of Deltapsim and JTE-522-induced apoptosis in AGS cells.
基金Major State BasicResearch (973) Program of China, (G1999053905).
文摘Trail, a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, is a novel potent endogenous activator of the cell death pathway through the activation of cell surface death receptors Trail-R1 and Trail-R2. Its role, like FasL in activation-induced cell death (AICD), has been demonstrated in immune system. However the mechanism of Trail induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this report, the recombinant Trail protein was expressed and purified. The apoptosis-inducing activity and the regulation mechanism of recombinant Trail on Jurkat T cells were explored in vitro. Trypan blue exclusion assay demonstrated that the recombinant Trail protein actively killed Jurkat T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells were remarkably reduced by Bcl-2 over expression in Bcl-2 gene transfected cells. Treatment with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), a PKC activator, suppressed Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. The inhibition of apoptosis by PMA was abolished by pretreatment with Bis, a PKC inhibitor. Taken together, it was suggested that Bcl-2 over-expression and PMA activated PKC actively down-regulated the Trail-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cell.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF0500703)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22JC1404200)+3 种基金Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(20XD1404000)Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B20136,22293023)Science and Technology Major Project of Inner Mongolia(2021ZD0042)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS。
文摘A radical C−C-coupling reaction of acetonitrile into succinonitrile over hydrophobic TiO_(2) photocatalyst with enhanced catalytic activity was developed.In addition,the usage of a flow reactor further improved the photon utilization efficiency for succinonitrile synthesis at room temperature.The space time yield of succinonitrile reached 55.59μmol/(g·h)over hydrophobic TiO_(2) catalyst,which was much higher than that of pristine TiO_(2)(4.23μmol/(g·h)).Mechanistic studies revealed that the hydrophobic modification of TiO_(2) promoted the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers,as well as suppressed their recombination.Hydrophobic TiO_(2) also enhanced the adsorption of−CH3 of acetonitrile,thus facilitating the activation of C−H bond and the utilization efficiency of photocarriers.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.39800121
文摘AIM: To identify hepatitis C virus(HCV) core protein epitopes recognized by HLA-A2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). METHODS: Utilizing the method of computer prediction followed by a 4h(51)Cr release assay confirmation. RESULTS: The results showed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from two HLA-A2 positive donors who were infected with HCV could lyse autologous target cells labeled with peptide "ALAHGVRAL (core 150-158)". The rates of specific lysis of the cells from the two donors were 37.5% and 15.8%, respectively. Blocking of the CTL response with anti-CD4 mAb caused no significant decrease of the specific lysis. But blocking of CTL response with anti-CD8 mAb could abolish the lysis. CONCLUSION: The peptide (core 150-158) is the candidate epitope recognized by HLAA2 restricted CTL.
文摘An electron-addition, under single-crystal conditions, to pentavalent phosphorus compounds as Cl-P (=O, S) Y, Z with the P-Cl bond as electron-accepting group, is selected as an additional model for SN2(P) like reactions. It is demonstrated that the geometric information stored in the tetrahedral configuration (substrate) can be transmitted in the corresponding trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) state for nucleophilic substitution. In this article, we focus on these specific mechanistic aspects of carbon and phosphorus. We consider our study as a contribution to the significance of these (bio)chemical intermediates.
文摘Cisplatin （CP） , a highly effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agent, has a major limitation for its nephrotoxicity. We recently identified a novel strategy for attenuating its nephrotoxicity in chemotherapy by an ef- fective adjuvant via epigenetic modification through targeting Histone deacetylase 2 （HDAC2）. Glycyrrhizic acid （GA） ,a major active component of Licorice, was described here for its new application. Molecular docking and Surface Plasmon resonance （SPR） assay firstly reported that 18βGA, GA metabolite in vivo, could directly bind to HDAC2 and prevent HDAC2 activation. The effects and mechanisms of GA and its major metabolite 18βGA were assessed in CP-induced acute kidney injury （AKI） in C57BL/6 mice, and in CP-treated HK-2 and mTEC cells lines. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and flow cytometry （FCM） results confirmed that GA and 18βGA could inhibit apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by CP in vivo and in vitro. Western blot and immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the expression of bone morphogenetic protein- 7 （BMP-7） , a protective molecule in renal inflammation, was clearly induced by 18βGA in AKI models while siR- NA BMP-7 could reduce the inhibitory effect of 18βGA on apoptosis. Results of current study indicated that 18βGA inhibited apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells via enhancing level of BMP-7 epigenetically through targeting HDAC2, therefore protecting against CP-induced AKI. These available evidence, which led to an improved under- standing of molecular recognition, suggested that 18βGA could serve as a potential clinical adjuvant in chemothera-
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42105159)the Key Technologies Research and Development Program(No.2022YFF0606400)+2 种基金China Meteorological Administration“Research on value realization of climate ecological products”Youth Innovation Team Project(No.CMA2024QN15)Jiangxi Meteorological Technology Project(Nos.JX2021Z06,JX2022Z03,and JX2023Z03)the Joint Open Fund of the Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang and Key Laboratory of Agro-Meteorological Disasters of Liaoning Province(No.2024SYIAEKFZD05)。
文摘Although atmospheric CO_(2) observations are becoming increasingly widespread in China,the identification of CO_(2) emission sources is still scarce,especially in undeveloped Central China.To effectively address this issue,in a typical site in Central China,the simultaneous measurements of atmospheric CO_(2),CO,andδ^(13)C were conducted,and the characteristics of CO_(2) emission sources were systematically investigated based on the relationships among CO_(2),CO,andδ^(13)C.The average CO_(2)/CO ratio of winter increased from 52.4 ppm/ppm during 2018–2020 to 65.1 ppm/ppm during 2021–2022,which confirmed the improvement of energy consumption efficiency in China.Air-mass transportation from central China and Yangtze River Delta regions contributed largely to higher CO_(2)/CO ratios in 2021–2022.A highermean CO_(2)/CO ratio appeared during the morning rush hours(60.3 ppm/ppm)than in the afternoon rush hours(51.4 ppm/ppm)in winter.In addition,the meanδ^(13)C value of CO_(2) sources(δ^(13)Cs)also displayed more negative values during the morning rush hours(-28.3‰)than the afternoon rush hours(-22.2‰),suggesting the significant influence of vehicle and natural gas usage at themorning rush hours and the impact of straw burning in the afternoon rush hours.The meanδ^(13)Cs was-24.7‰for winter and-21.9‰for vegetation season,implying the main contribution of coal in winter and the impact of C4 plants during the vegetation season.The contribution of biogenic respiration CO_(2) was inferred to exceed 50%during the nighttime of summer according to the obtained meanδ^(13)C value of biogenic respiration CO_(2),which was calculated to be-21.4‰.
基金Project (090414185) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China
文摘Effects of VC/Cr3C2 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets were studied. The microstructure was investigated by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry as well as scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive spectrometry. Mechanical properties, such as transverse rupture strength, hardness and fracture toughness, were measured. The results show that there are black core-grey rim structure and white core-grey rim structure in the microstructure. The grains become fine due to the VC/Cr3C2, and the grains of cermet added with 0.75VC/0.25Cr3C2 are refined most remarkably. The black core becomes finer with the increase of VC addition and rim phase becomes thicker with the decrease of Cr3C2 addition. The porosity increases with the increase of VC addition in VC/Cr3C2. Compared with the cermet free of VC/Cr3C2, the transverse rupture strength and hardness of cermets with VC/Cr3C2 are both improved, and the maximum values are both found for the cermet with 0.25VC/0.75Cr3C2. The fracture toughness can be effectively promoted by adding VC/Cr3C2 with an appropriate ratio of VC to Cr3C2, and the maximum value is found for the cermet with 0.5VC/0.5Cr3C2.
基金supported by the Technology Innovation Program(Grant Nos.20017382 and 20023023)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Republic of Korea)supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(Grant No.RS-2023-00260527).
文摘Capacitor-less 2T0C dynamic random-access memory(DRAM)employing oxide semiconductors(OSs)as a channel has great potential in the development of highly scaled three dimensional(3D)-structured devices.However,the use of OS and such device structures presents certain challenges,including the trade-off relationship between the field-effect mobility and stability of OSs.Conventional 4-line-based operation of the 2T0C enlarges the entire cell volume and complicates the peripheral circuit.Herein,we proposed an IGO(In-Ga-O)channel 2-line-based 2T0C cell design and operating sequences comparable to those of the conventional Si-channel 1 T1C DRAM.IGO was adopted to achieve high thermal stability above 800℃,and the process conditions were optimized to simultaneously obtain a high μFE of 90.7 cm^(2)·V^(-)1·s^(-1),positive Vth of 0.34 V,superior reliability,and uniformity.The proposed 2-line-based 2T0C DRAM cell successfully exhibited multi-bit operation,with the stored voltage varying from 0 V to 1 V at 0.1 V intervals.Furthermore,for stored voltage intervals of 0.1 V and 0.5 V,the refresh time was 10 s and 1000 s in multi-bit operation;these values were more than 150 and 15000 times longer than those of the conventional Si channel 1T1C DRAM,respectively.A monolithic stacked 2-line-based 2T0C DRAM was fabricated,and a multi-bit operation was confirmed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178295,21706225)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2025JJ50085)Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of New Chemical Technologies for Environmental Benignity and Efficient Resource Utilization.
文摘The new technology of direct decomposition of H_(2)S into high value-added H_(2) and S,as an alternative to the Claus process in industry,is an ideal route that can not only deal with toxic and abundant H_(2)S waste gas but also recover clean energy H_(2),which has significant socio-economic and ecological advantages.However,the highly effective decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures is still a great challenge,because of the stringent thermodynamic equilibrium constraints(only 20% even at high temperature of 1010℃).Conventional microwave catalysts exhibit unsatisfactory performance at low temperatures(below 600℃).Herein,Mo_(2)C@CeO_(2) catalysts with a core-shell structure were successfully developed for robust microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures.Two carbon precursors,para-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-p)and meta-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-m),were employed to tailor Mo_(2)C configurations.Remarkably,the H_(2)S conversion of Mo_(2)C-p@CeO_(2) catalyst at a low temperature of 550℃ is as high as 92.1%,which is much higher than the H_(2)S equilibrium conversion under the conventional thermal conditions(2.6% at 550℃).To our knowledge,this represents the most active catalyst for microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperature of 550℃.Notably,Mo_(2)C-p demonstrated superior intrinsic activity(84%)compared to Mo_(2)C-m(6.4%),with XPS analysis revealing that its enhanced performance stems from a higher concentration of Mo_(2+)active sites.This work presents a substitute approach for the efficient utilization of H_(2)S waste gas and opens up a novel avenue for the rational design of microwave catalysts for microwave catalytic reaction at low-temperature.
基金Project supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.ZR2022ME059)。
文摘Pd/Co_(2)MnSi(CMS)/Co/Pd multilayer films were designed based on the idea of combining highly spin-polarized materials with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)films.The PMA of Pd/CMS/Co/Pd multilayer films was studied by optimizing the growth conditions and thickness of each film layer.The optimal structure of the multilayer films was Pd(6 nm)/CMS(5 nm)/Co(2 nm)/Pd(1 nm).Its abnormal Hall resistance(R_(Hall)),coercivity(H_(c))and effective magnetic anisotropy constant(Keff)are 0.08Ω,284 Oe and 1.36 Merg/cm^(3),respectively,which are 100%,492%,and 183%higher than the corresponding values(0.04Ω,48 Oe,and 0.48 Merg/cm^(3))of the Pd(6 nm)/Co(1 nm)/Pd(3 nm)trilayer films.The analysis shows that the increases of the above values are the result of the Pd/CMS interface effect and CMS/Co interface ferromagnetic(FM)coupling,and that it is closely related to the thickness of each film layer in the multilayer films and the growth conditions of the multilayer films.
