The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of successive continuous generation （SCG） cuttings of Buxus sinica var. parvifolia on the rejuvenation of ortets at the hormone level, detect levels of in...The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of successive continuous generation （SCG） cuttings of Buxus sinica var. parvifolia on the rejuvenation of ortets at the hormone level, detect levels of indoleacetic acid （IAA）, abscisic acid （ABA）, isopentenyladenosine （iPA）, zeatin riboside （ZR） and gibberellin4 （GA4） during the rooting process of different generations by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） technology and statistically analyze the rooting characteristics of cuttings. The results show that, the root systems of subsequent generations （generation 1998, 2000） developed satisfactorily, only a few initial generation （generation 1990, 1994） cuttings rooted and the root growth was inhibited. Around the period of callus formation and root projection through the epidermis, there was a marked, regular variation in the levels of IAA, ABA and GA4 between the initial generations and subsequent generations.展开更多
The present paper reports two new species of Buxus from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China, on the basis of several compressed fossil leaves.Buxus ningmingensis sp.nov.is characterized by an elli...The present paper reports two new species of Buxus from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China, on the basis of several compressed fossil leaves.Buxus ningmingensis sp.nov.is characterized by an elliptic to ovate shape; pinnate venation with marginal secondary, long hairs on the adaxial side of the midvein base; and amphistomatic, anomocytic stomata with a prominent outer ring.All of these characteristics suggest a closest affinity to the living Buxus microphylla subsp.sinica.Another new species identified as Buxus preaustro-yunnanensis sp.nov.is characterized by the diagnostic formation of its admedially branched tertiaries, the trunks of which are often strongly thickened by sclereides.This species is most similar to the extant Buxus austroyunnanensis.The co-occurrence of Buxus ningmingensis sp.nov.and Buxus preaustro-yunnanensis sp.nov.suggests that these two Buxus lived during the Oligocene under a warm, tropical to subtropical climate, similar to the current climate of Ningming.Our findings provide the earliest fossil evidence of Buxus leaves with detailed illustrations of leaf architectural and cuticular features.The occurrence of these two species indicates that Buxus began to diversify in Guangxi no later than the Oligocene.展开更多
Four new triterpenoid alkaloid derivatives,buxrugulines A-D(1-4),together with four known ones(5-8),were isolated from the leaves and stems of Buxus rugulosa.The structures of compounds 1-4 were elucidated by NMR and ...Four new triterpenoid alkaloid derivatives,buxrugulines A-D(1-4),together with four known ones(5-8),were isolated from the leaves and stems of Buxus rugulosa.The structures of compounds 1-4 were elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis.All compounds were assayed for their cytotoxicities against HL-60,SMMC-7721,A549,MCF-7,and SW480 cells lines.展开更多
Woody plants develop a specialized secondary xylem known as reaction wood to enable formation of an ideal shape. Reaction wood in coniferous species is known as compression wood, and that of woody angiosperms as tensi...Woody plants develop a specialized secondary xylem known as reaction wood to enable formation of an ideal shape. Reaction wood in coniferous species is known as compression wood, and that of woody angiosperms as tension wood. However, the genus Buxus which is classified as an angiosperm, forms compression-wood-like reaction wood. We investigated the mechanism of lignification in coniferous compression wood and Buxus reaction wood: 1) Several lignin synthesis genes were upregulated in differentiating reaction wood of Buxus microphylla;2) B. microphylla possesses a specific laccase gene that is expressed specifically in differentiating reaction wood (BmLac4);3) laccase activity localization was closely related to lignification of reaction wood, and laccase activity was high in the secondary wall middle layer;4) in reaction wood cell walls, galactan was present in the outer portion of the secondary wall middle layer, and the level of xylan was reduced. These findings suggest that lignification in B. microphylla reaction wood is identical to that of coniferous compression wood. These may represent general mechanisms of increasing lignin content in various reaction woods.展开更多
Buxrugulosides A–E,four lignan glycosides(1–4)and a protocatechuate derivative(5)featuring a rare(N,Ndiethyl)methyl amino group at aromatic rings,were obtained from the aerial parts of Buxus rugulosa,which is famous...Buxrugulosides A–E,four lignan glycosides(1–4)and a protocatechuate derivative(5)featuring a rare(N,Ndiethyl)methyl amino group at aromatic rings,were obtained from the aerial parts of Buxus rugulosa,which is famous for treating coronary heart disease.Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by HRMS,1 D and 2 D NMR,and by comparing their CD data with previous reports.Compound 1 was a rare sesquilignan,and all of these compounds were the first example of lignans with(N,N-diethyl)methyl amino group.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of total alkaloids in Buxus microphylla leaves(ABML)on isolated rats thoracic aorta rings,and then to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the effects.Methods Thoracic aortas...Objective To investigate the effects of total alkaloids in Buxus microphylla leaves(ABML)on isolated rats thoracic aorta rings,and then to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the effects.Methods Thoracic aortas of Wistar rats were isolated,removed,and mounted onto an organ bath.The effects of ABML at different concentration on the contraction of isolated thoracic aorta rings(with and without endothelium)precontracted with KCl or PE were observed with organ bath technique.Dose-effect curves of CaCl2 were recorded by organ bath technique.The concentration of intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ]i)increased by PE,KCI,and caffeine in the presence of ABML was determined using Ca 2+ sensitive fluorescence indicator Fura-2/AM loaded thoracic aorta vascular smooth muscle (VSM)cells of rats.Results In aorta rings precontracted with PE and KCl,ABML produced concentration- dependent relaxation in both intact and denuded endothelium ring groups.There was no difference in the inhibition of contraction between the intact and denuded endothelium ring groups at the same concentration.Exposure of isolated thoracic aorta rings to ABML led to a significant reduction in the contracting response induced by CaCl2,and shifted the cumulative concentration-response curves to right.ABML could significantly inhibit the extracellular Ca 2+ influx induced by PE and KCl under[Ca 2+ ]0 of 1.5 mmol/L,with inhibitory ratios of 40.2%and 49.9%,respectively.In the case of Ca 2+ -free,ABML could significantly inhibit the intracellular Ca 2+ release induced by PE,with inhibitory ratio of 72.4%.Conclusion ABML relaxes thoracic aorta VSM cells by suppressing influx of extracellular Ca 2+ via voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel and receptor-operated Ca 2+ channel.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Danggui Buxue decoction(当归补血汤,DBD)for the treatment of gastric ulcer(GU),based on network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.METHODS:A network pharmacology strategy was use...OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Danggui Buxue decoction(当归补血汤,DBD)for the treatment of gastric ulcer(GU),based on network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.METHODS:A network pharmacology strategy was used to predict the main components,candidate targets,and potential signaling pathways.Then,molecular docking was performed to further investigate the interactions and binding affinities between the main components and primary targets.Finally,a mouse model of ethanolinduced gastric ulcers was established to confirm the efficacy and potential therapeutic benefits of DBD,and candidate targets were finally identified.RESULTS:A total of 22 active components and 220 target genes were found to be associated with DBD.In addition,343 GU-related target genes and 57 target genes specific to DBD treatment of GU were identified.The Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis revealed 510 entries for biological processes,36 entries for cell composition,and 69 entries for molecular functions.In the pathway enrichment analysis,143 signaling pathways were identified.Additionally,the molecular docking results revealed that the main active components of DBD exhibited a strong binding capacity with key proteins,including tumor necrosis factor,AKT serine/threonine kinase 1,interleukin-6,vascular endothelial growth factor,and interleukin-1 Beta.Among these,quercetin,kaempferol,formononetin,isorhamnetin,and beta-sitosterol displayed the strongest binding affinities for these key proteins.in vivo experiments showed that DBD pretreatment effectively protected gastric mucosa,and the benefits might be attributed to the downregulation of above key proteins.CONCLUSIONS:Based on network pharmacology analysis and in vivo experiments,we conclude that DBD leads to the protection and healing of the gastric mucosa by targeting genes and pathways,thus effectively countering the development and progression of GU.展开更多
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anemia(IDA)is a prevalent nutritional disorder during pregnancy.Clinical studies indicate that incorporating Chinese patent medicines(CPMs)with oral iron(OI)in treating IDA in pregnancy can ...BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anemia(IDA)is a prevalent nutritional disorder during pregnancy.Clinical studies indicate that incorporating Chinese patent medicines(CPMs)with oral iron(OI)in treating IDA in pregnancy can reduce adverse effects and improve clinical outcomes.Nonetheless,the comparative efficacy of different CPMs remains unclear.AIM To assess the safety and effectiveness of different CPMs for treating IDA during pregnancy using network meta-analysis.METHODS We conducted a search for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that combined CPM and OI for IDA treatment in pregnancy,spanning from 2013 to the present.Data analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.3 and Stata 14.0 on literature that satisfied the quality criteria.RESULTS The analysis included 45 RCTs,encompassing 4422 pregnant patients with IDA.Six CPMs were examined,including Shengxuebao Mixture,Shengxuening Tablets(SXN),Yiqi Weixue CPMs(YQWX),Jianpi Shengxue CPMs(JPSX),Yiqi Buxue Tablets,and Compound Hongyi Buxue Oral Liquid(FFHY).Findings indicated that FFHY+OI significantly improved the clinical effective rate.SXN+OI was most effective in boosting red blood cells counts and hemoglobin levels.YQWX+OI showed superior results in improving serum ferritin,and SXN+OI was most effective in increasing serum iron levels.JPSX+OI was optimal in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes,while YQBX+OI effectively minimized adverse events.A cluster analysis suggested that SXN+OI could be the potentially optimal therapeutic regimen for IDA in pregnancy.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the combination of OI with CPMs offers better outcomes than OI alone.Based on clinical efficacy and other measured outcomes,SXN+OI emerges as the most effective treatment modality for improving the health of pregnant patients with IDA.展开更多
Myocardial ischemia is a serious threat to human health,and vascular dysfunction is its main cause.Buxu Tongyu(BXTY)Granule is an effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for treating myocardial ischemia.However,the...Myocardial ischemia is a serious threat to human health,and vascular dysfunction is its main cause.Buxu Tongyu(BXTY)Granule is an effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for treating myocardial ischemia.However,the underlying mechanism of BXTY is still unclear.In this study,we demonstrate that BXTY ameliorates myocardial ischemia by activating the soluble guanylate cyclase(sGC)-30,50-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)-protein kinase G(PKG)signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)to dilate the arteries.BXTY was given by gavage for ten consecutive days before establishing an animal model of acute myocardial ischemia in mice via the intraperitoneal injection of pituitrin.The results showed that BXTY alleviated the symptoms of myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in mice,including electrocardiogram abnormalities and changes in plasma enzymes.In addition,BXTY dilated pre-constricted blood vessels and inhibited the vasoconstriction of the superior mesenteric artery in a dose-dependent but endothelial-independent manner.These effects were eliminated by preincubating vascular rings with the sGC inhibitors NS 2028 or ODQ,or with the PKG inhibitor KT 5823.Moreover,BXTY increased the protein expression of sGC-b1 and the intracellular second messenger cGMP level in mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells(MOVAs).NS 2028 or ODQ reversed these effects of BXTY.The expression level of the cGMP downstream effector protein PKG-1 increased after treating MOVAs with BXTY.NS 2028,ODQ,or KT 5823 also reversed this effect of BXTY.In conclusion,BXTY can improve the symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia in mice,and activating the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway in VSMCs to induce vasodilation is its key pharmacodynamic mechanism.展开更多
Danggui Buxue Tang(DBT) is a famous Chinese medicinal decoction. Mechanism of DBT action is wide ranging and unclear. Exploring new ways of treatment with DBT is useful. Sprague–Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided ...Danggui Buxue Tang(DBT) is a famous Chinese medicinal decoction. Mechanism of DBT action is wide ranging and unclear. Exploring new ways of treatment with DBT is useful. Sprague–Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups including control(NC, Saline), the DBT(at a dose of 8.10 g?kg–1), and blood deficiency(BD)(Cyclophosphamide(APH)-and Cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced anaemia). A metabolomics approach using Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry(LC/Q-TOFMS) was developed to perform the plasma metabolic profiling analysis and differential metabolites were screened according to the multivariate statistical analysis comparing the NC and BD groups, and the hub metabolites were outliers with high scores of the centrality indices. Anaemia disease-related protein target and compound of DBT databases were constructed. The TCMSP, Chem Mapper and STITCH databases were used to predict the protein targets of DBT. Using the Cytoscape 3.2.1 to establish a phytochemical component–target protein interaction network and establish a component, protein and hub metabolite protein–protein interaction(PPI) network and merging the three PPI networks basing on BisoGenet. The gene enrichment analysis was used to analyse the relationship between proteins based on the relevant genetic similarity by ClueGO. The results shown DBT effectively treated anaemia in vivo. 11 metabolic pathways are involved in the therapeutic effect of DBT in vivo; S-adenosyl-L-methionine, glycine, L-cysteine, arachidonic acid(AA) and phosphatidylcholine(PC) were screened as hub metabolites in APH-and CTX-induced anaemia. A total of 288 targets were identified as major candidates for anaemia progression. The gene-set enrichment analysis revealed that the targets are involved in iron ion binding, haemopoiesis, reactive oxygen species production, inflammation and apoptosis. The results also showed that these targets were associated with iron ion binding, haemopoiesis, ROS production, apoptosis, inflammation and related signalling pathways. DBT can promote iron ion binding and haemopoiesis activities, restrain inflammation, production of reactive oxygen, block apoptosis, and contribute significantly to the DBT treat anaemia.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To determine the constituent compounds of Danggui buxue decoction(DBD) involved and the potential mechanisms mediating its effects, with specific reference to lipids playing a role in the initiation of diab...OBJECTIVE: To determine the constituent compounds of Danggui buxue decoction(DBD) involved and the potential mechanisms mediating its effects, with specific reference to lipids playing a role in the initiation of diabetic atherosclerosis.METHODS: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify the absorbed bioactive compounds(ABCs) present in DBD. Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats were randomly allocated to a diabetes atherosclerosis(DA) group, a DBD group, and an ABC group(10 per group), which were all high-fat diet-fed. The treated rats were administered DBD(4 g/kg) or ABCs(in amounts equal to those present in DBD) once daily for 28 d, and a control group of Wistar rats were administered vehicle. Body mass gain, fasting blood glucose, and homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance(HOMAIR) were measured. Serum triglyceride(TG), cholesterol(CHOL), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDLC) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) concentrations were determined. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and microscopy were used to characterize the abdominal aorta and the expression of lipogenic genes was quantified in this vessel.RESULTS: Seven ABCs were identified in rat serum:ferulic acid, formononetin, calycosin, astragaloside,caffeic acid, ligustilide, and butyphthalide. DBD significantly reduced HOMA-IR, the serum concentrations of TG, CHOL, and LDL-C, and the expression of the lipogenic genes monocyte chemotactic protein1, Fas, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and Cd36 in aorta;and significantly increased the mRNA expression of Scd1 in aorta.CONCLUSION: DBD affects lipid metabolism in the early stage of atherosclerosis in diabetic GK rats,with the mechanism likely involving the regulation of lipid metabolic genes in vessels. The contribution of ABCs to the effect of DBD on lipid metabolism was 24%-101%.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of Danggui Buxue decoction(当归补血汤,DBD) on diabetic nephropathyinduced renal fibrosis in rats,and to study the possible mechanism.METHODS:Sixty male Goto Kakizaki(GK) rats were ran...OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of Danggui Buxue decoction(当归补血汤,DBD) on diabetic nephropathyinduced renal fibrosis in rats,and to study the possible mechanism.METHODS:Sixty male Goto Kakizaki(GK) rats were randomly assigned to the model group,gliquidone group,astragaloside Ⅳ group,and high-,medium-and lowdoses DBD groups.After 8 weeks,changes in body weight,blood glucose,serum creatinine,serum urea nitrogen,and total cholesterol were observed.Changes in transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad3,and Smad5 pathways and the expression of the fibrosisrelated proteins collagen Ⅳ(col Ⅳ),α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),and vimentin were assessed.The degree of renal fibrosis was observed by immunohistochemistry and Mason staining.The expression of interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin 10(IL-10),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),and C-reactive protein(CRP) in the kidneys was assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS:Our experiments showed that DBD effectively reduced blood glucose,blood urea nitrogen,and creatinine levels after 8 weeks of administration,improved renal function in diabetic rats,alleviated renal fibrosis,and reduced the renal tissue levels of IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,and CRP.Furthermore,DBD decreased the expression of TGF-β1,Smad3,col IV,α-SMA,and vimentin in renal tissues and increased the expression of Smad5.CONCLUSIONS:DBD ameliorates diabetic renal interstitial fibrosis by modulating the TGF-β1/Smads pathway.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Danggui Buxue Tang(DBT), a decoction from Traditional Chinese Medicine, on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, and to propose the possible underlying mechanism.METHODS...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Danggui Buxue Tang(DBT), a decoction from Traditional Chinese Medicine, on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, and to propose the possible underlying mechanism.METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group,prednisone group and DBT group. Pulmonary fibrosis rat model was established by intratracheal injection with bleomycin. Body weight and lung index were monitored. Histopathologic examination and collagen deposition were determined using Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) and Masson's trichrome staining. Immunohistochemistry staining was applied to observe the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA). m RNA expression of α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ were measured by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-q PCR). Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6) and IL-1β in serum were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Alkali hydrolysis method was conducted to investigate the content of hydroxyproline(HYP). Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) protein level were examined by Western blot assay.RESULTS: DBT significantly reduced the severity of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation as indicated by minimizing the lost of weight, and by lowering the levels of lung index, inflammation score, Ashcroft score, collagen volume fraction(%), HYP, α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ,TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β1, Smad3 and PAI-1, consistent with the effect of prednisone.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that DBT is able to ameliorate the pulmonary fibrosis, the possible mechanism may involve inhibition of pulmonary inflammation and collagen deposition, possibly via suppressing TGF-β1/Smad3/PAI-1 signaling pathway.展开更多
Colon cancer-related anemia(CCRA)is mainly caused by systemic inflammation,intestinal bleeding,iron deficiency and chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colon cancer.However,the best therapeutic schedule and relate...Colon cancer-related anemia(CCRA)is mainly caused by systemic inflammation,intestinal bleeding,iron deficiency and chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colon cancer.However,the best therapeutic schedule and related mechanism on CCRA were still uncertain.Studies on blood enrichment and anti-tumor effects of combined Danggui Buxue Decoction(DBD),Fe and rhEPO based on CCRA and gut microbiota modulation were conducted in this paper.Here,CCRA model was successfully induced by subcutaneous inoculation of CT-26 and i.p.oxaliplatin,rhEPO+DBD high dosage+Fe(EDF)and rhEPO+DBD high dosage(ED)groups had the best blood enrichment effect.Attractively,EDF group also showed antitumor activity.The sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that compared to P group,the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and opportunistic pathogen(Odoribacter)in ED and EDF groups were decreased.Interestingly,EDF also decreased the relative abundances of cancer-related bacteria(Helicobacter,Lactococcus,Alloprevotella)and imbalance-inducing bacteria(Escherichia-Shigella and Parabacteroides)and increased the relative abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria(Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014),however,ED showed the opposite effects to EDF,this might be the reason of the smaller tumor volume in EDF group.Our findings proposed the best treatment combination of DBD,rhEPO and Fe in CCRA and provided theoretical basis and literature reference for CCRA-induced intestinal flora disorder and the regulatory mechanism of EDF.展开更多
Danggui Buxue Tang(DBT)is composed of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix in a weight ratio of 5:1.The recipe of the decoction is simple,and DBT has been widely used in the treatment of blood deficiency syndr...Danggui Buxue Tang(DBT)is composed of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix in a weight ratio of 5:1.The recipe of the decoction is simple,and DBT has been widely used in the treatment of blood deficiency syndrome for more than 800 years in China.Studies on its chemical constituents show that saponins,flavonoids,volatile oils,organic acids,and polysaccharides are the main components of DBT.Many techniques such as third-generation sequencing,PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,and HPLC-MS have been used for the quality control of DBT.DBT has a wide range of biological activities,including blood enhancement,antagonizing diabetic nephropathy,cardiovascular protection,immunity stimulation,estrogen-like effect,and antifibrosis,among others.In this paper,we summarize the recent research advances of DBT in terms of its components,pharmacological activities,and possible mechanisms of action as well as provide suggestions for further research.展开更多
Buxue Yimu Pill(BYP) is a classic gynecological medicine in China, which is composed of Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels, Leonurus japonicus Houtt, Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bunge, Colla corii asini and Citrus reti...Buxue Yimu Pill(BYP) is a classic gynecological medicine in China, which is composed of Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels, Leonurus japonicus Houtt, Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bunge, Colla corii asini and Citrus reticulata Blanco. It has been widely used in clinical therapy with the function of enriching Blood, nourishing Qi, and removing blood stasis. The current study was designed to determine the bioactive molecules and therapeutic mechanism of BYP against hemorrhagic anemia. Herein, GC-MS and UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS were employed to identify the chemical compounds from BYP. The genecards database(https://www.genecards.org/) was used to obtain the potential target proteins related to hemorrhagic anemia. Autodock/Vina was adopted to evaluate the binding ability of protein receptors and chemical ligands. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using the Cluster Profiler. As a result, a total of 62 candidate molecules were identified and 152 targets related to hemorrhagic anemia were obtained. Furthermore, 34 active molecules and 140 targets were obtained through the virtual screening experiment. The data of molecular-target(M-T), target-pathway(T-P), and molecular-target-pathway(M-T-P) network suggested that 32 active molecules enhanced hematopoiesis and activated the immune system by regulating 57 important targets. Pharmacological experiments showed that BYP significantly increased the counts of RBC, HGB, and HCT, and significantly down-regulated the expression of EPO, IL-6, CSF3,NOS2, VEGFA, PDGFRB, and TGFB1. The results also showed that leonurine, leonuriside B, leosibiricin, ononin, rutin, astragaloside I, riligustilide and levistolide A, were the active molecules closely related to enriching Blood. In conclusion, based on molecular docking, network pharmacology and validation experiment results, the enriching blood effect of BYP on hemorrhagic anemia may be associated with hematopoiesis, anti-inflammation, and immunity enhancement.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 30070633）.
文摘The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of successive continuous generation （SCG） cuttings of Buxus sinica var. parvifolia on the rejuvenation of ortets at the hormone level, detect levels of indoleacetic acid （IAA）, abscisic acid （ABA）, isopentenyladenosine （iPA）, zeatin riboside （ZR） and gibberellin4 （GA4） during the rooting process of different generations by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） technology and statistically analyze the rooting characteristics of cuttings. The results show that, the root systems of subsequent generations （generation 1998, 2000） developed satisfactorily, only a few initial generation （generation 1990, 1994） cuttings rooted and the root growth was inhibited. Around the period of callus formation and root projection through the epidermis, there was a marked, regular variation in the levels of IAA, ABA and GA4 between the initial generations and subsequent generations.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No.2012CB822003)the Funds of Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province (No.SZDKFJJ20150603)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41172022, 41272026)the Funds of Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS (No.Y421140303)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.lzujbky-2014-285)
文摘The present paper reports two new species of Buxus from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China, on the basis of several compressed fossil leaves.Buxus ningmingensis sp.nov.is characterized by an elliptic to ovate shape; pinnate venation with marginal secondary, long hairs on the adaxial side of the midvein base; and amphistomatic, anomocytic stomata with a prominent outer ring.All of these characteristics suggest a closest affinity to the living Buxus microphylla subsp.sinica.Another new species identified as Buxus preaustro-yunnanensis sp.nov.is characterized by the diagnostic formation of its admedially branched tertiaries, the trunks of which are often strongly thickened by sclereides.This species is most similar to the extant Buxus austroyunnanensis.The co-occurrence of Buxus ningmingensis sp.nov.and Buxus preaustro-yunnanensis sp.nov.suggests that these two Buxus lived during the Oligocene under a warm, tropical to subtropical climate, similar to the current climate of Ningming.Our findings provide the earliest fossil evidence of Buxus leaves with detailed illustrations of leaf architectural and cuticular features.The occurrence of these two species indicates that Buxus began to diversify in Guangxi no later than the Oligocene.
基金The project was financially supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the CAS(Grant No.KSCX2-YW-G-038,KSCX2-YW-R-194,KSCX2-EW-R-15,and KZCX2-XB2-15-03)as well as Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China(P2008-ZZ05 and P2010-ZZ14).
文摘Four new triterpenoid alkaloid derivatives,buxrugulines A-D(1-4),together with four known ones(5-8),were isolated from the leaves and stems of Buxus rugulosa.The structures of compounds 1-4 were elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis.All compounds were assayed for their cytotoxicities against HL-60,SMMC-7721,A549,MCF-7,and SW480 cells lines.
文摘Woody plants develop a specialized secondary xylem known as reaction wood to enable formation of an ideal shape. Reaction wood in coniferous species is known as compression wood, and that of woody angiosperms as tension wood. However, the genus Buxus which is classified as an angiosperm, forms compression-wood-like reaction wood. We investigated the mechanism of lignification in coniferous compression wood and Buxus reaction wood: 1) Several lignin synthesis genes were upregulated in differentiating reaction wood of Buxus microphylla;2) B. microphylla possesses a specific laccase gene that is expressed specifically in differentiating reaction wood (BmLac4);3) laccase activity localization was closely related to lignification of reaction wood, and laccase activity was high in the secondary wall middle layer;4) in reaction wood cell walls, galactan was present in the outer portion of the secondary wall middle layer, and the level of xylan was reduced. These findings suggest that lignification in B. microphylla reaction wood is identical to that of coniferous compression wood. These may represent general mechanisms of increasing lignin content in various reaction woods.
基金supported by the“Double FirstClass”University Project(No.CPU2018GY08)the Drug Innovation Major Project(No.2018ZX09711-001-007)。
文摘Buxrugulosides A–E,four lignan glycosides(1–4)and a protocatechuate derivative(5)featuring a rare(N,Ndiethyl)methyl amino group at aromatic rings,were obtained from the aerial parts of Buxus rugulosa,which is famous for treating coronary heart disease.Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by HRMS,1 D and 2 D NMR,and by comparing their CD data with previous reports.Compound 1 was a rare sesquilignan,and all of these compounds were the first example of lignans with(N,N-diethyl)methyl amino group.
基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2006183)
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of total alkaloids in Buxus microphylla leaves(ABML)on isolated rats thoracic aorta rings,and then to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the effects.Methods Thoracic aortas of Wistar rats were isolated,removed,and mounted onto an organ bath.The effects of ABML at different concentration on the contraction of isolated thoracic aorta rings(with and without endothelium)precontracted with KCl or PE were observed with organ bath technique.Dose-effect curves of CaCl2 were recorded by organ bath technique.The concentration of intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ]i)increased by PE,KCI,and caffeine in the presence of ABML was determined using Ca 2+ sensitive fluorescence indicator Fura-2/AM loaded thoracic aorta vascular smooth muscle (VSM)cells of rats.Results In aorta rings precontracted with PE and KCl,ABML produced concentration- dependent relaxation in both intact and denuded endothelium ring groups.There was no difference in the inhibition of contraction between the intact and denuded endothelium ring groups at the same concentration.Exposure of isolated thoracic aorta rings to ABML led to a significant reduction in the contracting response induced by CaCl2,and shifted the cumulative concentration-response curves to right.ABML could significantly inhibit the extracellular Ca 2+ influx induced by PE and KCl under[Ca 2+ ]0 of 1.5 mmol/L,with inhibitory ratios of 40.2%and 49.9%,respectively.In the case of Ca 2+ -free,ABML could significantly inhibit the intracellular Ca 2+ release induced by PE,with inhibitory ratio of 72.4%.Conclusion ABML relaxes thoracic aorta VSM cells by suppressing influx of extracellular Ca 2+ via voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel and receptor-operated Ca 2+ channel.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction in Promoting Liver Regulation by Modulating Kupffer Cell Glycolysis-Mediated Histone Lactylation in Hepatocytes(No.82474299)XingLin Scholars Program of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Study on the Role and Mechanism of Electrospun Astragalus Polysaccharide and Angelica Polysaccharide in Promoting Liver Regeneration(No.YYZX2020036)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Danggui Buxue decoction(当归补血汤,DBD)for the treatment of gastric ulcer(GU),based on network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.METHODS:A network pharmacology strategy was used to predict the main components,candidate targets,and potential signaling pathways.Then,molecular docking was performed to further investigate the interactions and binding affinities between the main components and primary targets.Finally,a mouse model of ethanolinduced gastric ulcers was established to confirm the efficacy and potential therapeutic benefits of DBD,and candidate targets were finally identified.RESULTS:A total of 22 active components and 220 target genes were found to be associated with DBD.In addition,343 GU-related target genes and 57 target genes specific to DBD treatment of GU were identified.The Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis revealed 510 entries for biological processes,36 entries for cell composition,and 69 entries for molecular functions.In the pathway enrichment analysis,143 signaling pathways were identified.Additionally,the molecular docking results revealed that the main active components of DBD exhibited a strong binding capacity with key proteins,including tumor necrosis factor,AKT serine/threonine kinase 1,interleukin-6,vascular endothelial growth factor,and interleukin-1 Beta.Among these,quercetin,kaempferol,formononetin,isorhamnetin,and beta-sitosterol displayed the strongest binding affinities for these key proteins.in vivo experiments showed that DBD pretreatment effectively protected gastric mucosa,and the benefits might be attributed to the downregulation of above key proteins.CONCLUSIONS:Based on network pharmacology analysis and in vivo experiments,we conclude that DBD leads to the protection and healing of the gastric mucosa by targeting genes and pathways,thus effectively countering the development and progression of GU.
基金Supported by Shandong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project,No.Q-2022126Weifang Municipal Health Commission Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project,No.014,2022(Category 3).
文摘BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anemia(IDA)is a prevalent nutritional disorder during pregnancy.Clinical studies indicate that incorporating Chinese patent medicines(CPMs)with oral iron(OI)in treating IDA in pregnancy can reduce adverse effects and improve clinical outcomes.Nonetheless,the comparative efficacy of different CPMs remains unclear.AIM To assess the safety and effectiveness of different CPMs for treating IDA during pregnancy using network meta-analysis.METHODS We conducted a search for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that combined CPM and OI for IDA treatment in pregnancy,spanning from 2013 to the present.Data analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.3 and Stata 14.0 on literature that satisfied the quality criteria.RESULTS The analysis included 45 RCTs,encompassing 4422 pregnant patients with IDA.Six CPMs were examined,including Shengxuebao Mixture,Shengxuening Tablets(SXN),Yiqi Weixue CPMs(YQWX),Jianpi Shengxue CPMs(JPSX),Yiqi Buxue Tablets,and Compound Hongyi Buxue Oral Liquid(FFHY).Findings indicated that FFHY+OI significantly improved the clinical effective rate.SXN+OI was most effective in boosting red blood cells counts and hemoglobin levels.YQWX+OI showed superior results in improving serum ferritin,and SXN+OI was most effective in increasing serum iron levels.JPSX+OI was optimal in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes,while YQBX+OI effectively minimized adverse events.A cluster analysis suggested that SXN+OI could be the potentially optimal therapeutic regimen for IDA in pregnancy.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the combination of OI with CPMs offers better outcomes than OI alone.Based on clinical efficacy and other measured outcomes,SXN+OI emerges as the most effective treatment modality for improving the health of pregnant patients with IDA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870259,82170431,81903608,and U21A20339)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS+1 种基金2019-I2M-5-078)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Q20148).
文摘Myocardial ischemia is a serious threat to human health,and vascular dysfunction is its main cause.Buxu Tongyu(BXTY)Granule is an effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for treating myocardial ischemia.However,the underlying mechanism of BXTY is still unclear.In this study,we demonstrate that BXTY ameliorates myocardial ischemia by activating the soluble guanylate cyclase(sGC)-30,50-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)-protein kinase G(PKG)signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)to dilate the arteries.BXTY was given by gavage for ten consecutive days before establishing an animal model of acute myocardial ischemia in mice via the intraperitoneal injection of pituitrin.The results showed that BXTY alleviated the symptoms of myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in mice,including electrocardiogram abnormalities and changes in plasma enzymes.In addition,BXTY dilated pre-constricted blood vessels and inhibited the vasoconstriction of the superior mesenteric artery in a dose-dependent but endothelial-independent manner.These effects were eliminated by preincubating vascular rings with the sGC inhibitors NS 2028 or ODQ,or with the PKG inhibitor KT 5823.Moreover,BXTY increased the protein expression of sGC-b1 and the intracellular second messenger cGMP level in mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells(MOVAs).NS 2028 or ODQ reversed these effects of BXTY.The expression level of the cGMP downstream effector protein PKG-1 increased after treating MOVAs with BXTY.NS 2028,ODQ,or KT 5823 also reversed this effect of BXTY.In conclusion,BXTY can improve the symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia in mice,and activating the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway in VSMCs to induce vasodilation is its key pharmacodynamic mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31560709 and 31472234)the College of Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Agricultural University(No.JYCX-KX005)
文摘Danggui Buxue Tang(DBT) is a famous Chinese medicinal decoction. Mechanism of DBT action is wide ranging and unclear. Exploring new ways of treatment with DBT is useful. Sprague–Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups including control(NC, Saline), the DBT(at a dose of 8.10 g?kg–1), and blood deficiency(BD)(Cyclophosphamide(APH)-and Cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced anaemia). A metabolomics approach using Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry(LC/Q-TOFMS) was developed to perform the plasma metabolic profiling analysis and differential metabolites were screened according to the multivariate statistical analysis comparing the NC and BD groups, and the hub metabolites were outliers with high scores of the centrality indices. Anaemia disease-related protein target and compound of DBT databases were constructed. The TCMSP, Chem Mapper and STITCH databases were used to predict the protein targets of DBT. Using the Cytoscape 3.2.1 to establish a phytochemical component–target protein interaction network and establish a component, protein and hub metabolite protein–protein interaction(PPI) network and merging the three PPI networks basing on BisoGenet. The gene enrichment analysis was used to analyse the relationship between proteins based on the relevant genetic similarity by ClueGO. The results shown DBT effectively treated anaemia in vivo. 11 metabolic pathways are involved in the therapeutic effect of DBT in vivo; S-adenosyl-L-methionine, glycine, L-cysteine, arachidonic acid(AA) and phosphatidylcholine(PC) were screened as hub metabolites in APH-and CTX-induced anaemia. A total of 288 targets were identified as major candidates for anaemia progression. The gene-set enrichment analysis revealed that the targets are involved in iron ion binding, haemopoiesis, reactive oxygen species production, inflammation and apoptosis. The results also showed that these targets were associated with iron ion binding, haemopoiesis, ROS production, apoptosis, inflammation and related signalling pathways. DBT can promote iron ion binding and haemopoiesis activities, restrain inflammation, production of reactive oxygen, block apoptosis, and contribute significantly to the DBT treat anaemia.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project Protective Mechanism of Hippocampal Neuroplasticity Injury Mediated by CREB-BDNF-TrkB Pathway and Intervention of Danggui Buxue Decoction(No.YB201802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81904085)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20191412)the Priority Academic Program of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To determine the constituent compounds of Danggui buxue decoction(DBD) involved and the potential mechanisms mediating its effects, with specific reference to lipids playing a role in the initiation of diabetic atherosclerosis.METHODS: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify the absorbed bioactive compounds(ABCs) present in DBD. Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats were randomly allocated to a diabetes atherosclerosis(DA) group, a DBD group, and an ABC group(10 per group), which were all high-fat diet-fed. The treated rats were administered DBD(4 g/kg) or ABCs(in amounts equal to those present in DBD) once daily for 28 d, and a control group of Wistar rats were administered vehicle. Body mass gain, fasting blood glucose, and homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance(HOMAIR) were measured. Serum triglyceride(TG), cholesterol(CHOL), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDLC) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) concentrations were determined. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and microscopy were used to characterize the abdominal aorta and the expression of lipogenic genes was quantified in this vessel.RESULTS: Seven ABCs were identified in rat serum:ferulic acid, formononetin, calycosin, astragaloside,caffeic acid, ligustilide, and butyphthalide. DBD significantly reduced HOMA-IR, the serum concentrations of TG, CHOL, and LDL-C, and the expression of the lipogenic genes monocyte chemotactic protein1, Fas, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and Cd36 in aorta;and significantly increased the mRNA expression of Scd1 in aorta.CONCLUSION: DBD affects lipid metabolism in the early stage of atherosclerosis in diabetic GK rats,with the mechanism likely involving the regulation of lipid metabolic genes in vessels. The contribution of ABCs to the effect of DBD on lipid metabolism was 24%-101%.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund:Research on the Mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction in the Treatment of Diabetic Renal Interstitial Fibrosis Based on the Regulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathway by Mi RNA-27a(No.81904085)Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Foundation Youth Project:Research on the Mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction in the Treatment of Diabetic Renal Interstitial Fibrosis Based on the Regulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathway by Mi RNA-27a(No.NZY81904085)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of Danggui Buxue decoction(当归补血汤,DBD) on diabetic nephropathyinduced renal fibrosis in rats,and to study the possible mechanism.METHODS:Sixty male Goto Kakizaki(GK) rats were randomly assigned to the model group,gliquidone group,astragaloside Ⅳ group,and high-,medium-and lowdoses DBD groups.After 8 weeks,changes in body weight,blood glucose,serum creatinine,serum urea nitrogen,and total cholesterol were observed.Changes in transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad3,and Smad5 pathways and the expression of the fibrosisrelated proteins collagen Ⅳ(col Ⅳ),α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),and vimentin were assessed.The degree of renal fibrosis was observed by immunohistochemistry and Mason staining.The expression of interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin 10(IL-10),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),and C-reactive protein(CRP) in the kidneys was assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS:Our experiments showed that DBD effectively reduced blood glucose,blood urea nitrogen,and creatinine levels after 8 weeks of administration,improved renal function in diabetic rats,alleviated renal fibrosis,and reduced the renal tissue levels of IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,and CRP.Furthermore,DBD decreased the expression of TGF-β1,Smad3,col IV,α-SMA,and vimentin in renal tissues and increased the expression of Smad5.CONCLUSIONS:DBD ameliorates diabetic renal interstitial fibrosis by modulating the TGF-β1/Smads pathway.
基金Supported by the Government Funded Clinical Medicine Eexcellent Talent Training and Basic Research Project PlanNatural Science Foundation of Hebei(No.H2019423092)+2 种基金Higher Education Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei(No.ZD2016056)Postgraduate Innovation Ability Development Project of Hebei Education Department(No.CXZZBS2019159)Basic Research Business Expenses of Provincial Universities of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine Project of Excellent Student Research Capacity Improvement(No.YXZ2019001)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Danggui Buxue Tang(DBT), a decoction from Traditional Chinese Medicine, on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, and to propose the possible underlying mechanism.METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group,prednisone group and DBT group. Pulmonary fibrosis rat model was established by intratracheal injection with bleomycin. Body weight and lung index were monitored. Histopathologic examination and collagen deposition were determined using Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) and Masson's trichrome staining. Immunohistochemistry staining was applied to observe the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA). m RNA expression of α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ were measured by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-q PCR). Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6) and IL-1β in serum were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Alkali hydrolysis method was conducted to investigate the content of hydroxyproline(HYP). Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) protein level were examined by Western blot assay.RESULTS: DBT significantly reduced the severity of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation as indicated by minimizing the lost of weight, and by lowering the levels of lung index, inflammation score, Ashcroft score, collagen volume fraction(%), HYP, α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ,TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β1, Smad3 and PAI-1, consistent with the effect of prednisone.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that DBT is able to ameliorate the pulmonary fibrosis, the possible mechanism may involve inhibition of pulmonary inflammation and collagen deposition, possibly via suppressing TGF-β1/Smad3/PAI-1 signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81603257,81773882,81974522)National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC.711000)+2 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2019ZDLSF04-05)Discipline Innovation Team Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine(2019-YL10)and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Colon cancer-related anemia(CCRA)is mainly caused by systemic inflammation,intestinal bleeding,iron deficiency and chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colon cancer.However,the best therapeutic schedule and related mechanism on CCRA were still uncertain.Studies on blood enrichment and anti-tumor effects of combined Danggui Buxue Decoction(DBD),Fe and rhEPO based on CCRA and gut microbiota modulation were conducted in this paper.Here,CCRA model was successfully induced by subcutaneous inoculation of CT-26 and i.p.oxaliplatin,rhEPO+DBD high dosage+Fe(EDF)and rhEPO+DBD high dosage(ED)groups had the best blood enrichment effect.Attractively,EDF group also showed antitumor activity.The sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that compared to P group,the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and opportunistic pathogen(Odoribacter)in ED and EDF groups were decreased.Interestingly,EDF also decreased the relative abundances of cancer-related bacteria(Helicobacter,Lactococcus,Alloprevotella)and imbalance-inducing bacteria(Escherichia-Shigella and Parabacteroides)and increased the relative abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria(Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014),however,ED showed the opposite effects to EDF,this might be the reason of the smaller tumor volume in EDF group.Our findings proposed the best treatment combination of DBD,rhEPO and Fe in CCRA and provided theoretical basis and literature reference for CCRA-induced intestinal flora disorder and the regulatory mechanism of EDF.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473511 and 81974547)the Science and Technology Plan of Jinan(No.201704073)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020KH023).
文摘Danggui Buxue Tang(DBT)is composed of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix in a weight ratio of 5:1.The recipe of the decoction is simple,and DBT has been widely used in the treatment of blood deficiency syndrome for more than 800 years in China.Studies on its chemical constituents show that saponins,flavonoids,volatile oils,organic acids,and polysaccharides are the main components of DBT.Many techniques such as third-generation sequencing,PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,and HPLC-MS have been used for the quality control of DBT.DBT has a wide range of biological activities,including blood enhancement,antagonizing diabetic nephropathy,cardiovascular protection,immunity stimulation,estrogen-like effect,and antifibrosis,among others.In this paper,we summarize the recent research advances of DBT in terms of its components,pharmacological activities,and possible mechanisms of action as well as provide suggestions for further research.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No.2020JJ6098)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (No.19K086)+1 种基金the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (No.S202010530015)Hunan 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Engineering&Technology with Environmental Benignity and Effective Resource Utilization。
文摘Buxue Yimu Pill(BYP) is a classic gynecological medicine in China, which is composed of Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels, Leonurus japonicus Houtt, Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bunge, Colla corii asini and Citrus reticulata Blanco. It has been widely used in clinical therapy with the function of enriching Blood, nourishing Qi, and removing blood stasis. The current study was designed to determine the bioactive molecules and therapeutic mechanism of BYP against hemorrhagic anemia. Herein, GC-MS and UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS were employed to identify the chemical compounds from BYP. The genecards database(https://www.genecards.org/) was used to obtain the potential target proteins related to hemorrhagic anemia. Autodock/Vina was adopted to evaluate the binding ability of protein receptors and chemical ligands. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using the Cluster Profiler. As a result, a total of 62 candidate molecules were identified and 152 targets related to hemorrhagic anemia were obtained. Furthermore, 34 active molecules and 140 targets were obtained through the virtual screening experiment. The data of molecular-target(M-T), target-pathway(T-P), and molecular-target-pathway(M-T-P) network suggested that 32 active molecules enhanced hematopoiesis and activated the immune system by regulating 57 important targets. Pharmacological experiments showed that BYP significantly increased the counts of RBC, HGB, and HCT, and significantly down-regulated the expression of EPO, IL-6, CSF3,NOS2, VEGFA, PDGFRB, and TGFB1. The results also showed that leonurine, leonuriside B, leosibiricin, ononin, rutin, astragaloside I, riligustilide and levistolide A, were the active molecules closely related to enriching Blood. In conclusion, based on molecular docking, network pharmacology and validation experiment results, the enriching blood effect of BYP on hemorrhagic anemia may be associated with hematopoiesis, anti-inflammation, and immunity enhancement.
