The contact angles of distilled water and methanol solution on the wings of butterflies were determined by a visual contact angle measuring system. The scale structures of the wings were observed using scanning electr...The contact angles of distilled water and methanol solution on the wings of butterflies were determined by a visual contact angle measuring system. The scale structures of the wings were observed using scanning electron microscopy, The influence of the scale micro- and ultra-structure on the wettability was investigated. Results show that the contact angle of distilled water on the wing surfaces varies from 134.0° to 159.2°. High hydrophobicity is found in six species with contact angles greater than 150°. The wing surfaces of some species are not only hydrophobic but also resist the wetting by methanol solution with 55% concentration. Only two species in Parnassius can not resist the wetting because the micro-structure （spindle-like shape） and ultra-structure （pinnule-like shape） of the wing scales are remarkably different from that of other species. The concentration of methanol solution for the occurrence of spreading/wetting on the wing surfaces of different species varies from 70% to 95%. After wetting by methanol solution for 10 min, the distilled water contact angle on the wing surface increases by 0.8°-2.1°, showing the promotion of capacity against wetting by distilled water.展开更多
In a previous study, we used natural butterfly wings as a cell growth matrix for tissue engineering materials and found that the surface of different butterfly wings had different ultramicrostructures, which can affec...In a previous study, we used natural butterfly wings as a cell growth matrix for tissue engineering materials and found that the surface of different butterfly wings had different ultramicrostructures, which can affect the qualitative growth of cells and regulate cell growth, metabolism, and gene expression. However, the biocompatibility and biosafety of butterfly wings must be studied. In this study, we found that Sprague-Dawley rat dorsal root ganglion neurons could grow along the structural stripes of butterfly wings, and Schwann cells could normally attach to and proliferate on different species of butterfly wings. The biocompatibility and biosafety of butterfly wings were further examined through subcutaneous implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats, intraperitoneal injection in Institute of Cancer Research mice, intradermal injection in rabbits, and external application to guinea pigs. Our results showed that butterfly wings did not induce toxicity, and all examined animals exhibited normal behaviors and no symptoms, such as erythema or edema. These findings suggested that butterfly wings possess excellent biocompatibility and biosafety and can be used as a type of tissue engineering material. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province of China(approval No. 20190303-18) on March 3, 2019.展开更多
The surge in demand for cost-effective,lightweight,and rapidly responsive sensors has propelled research in various fields,and traditional sensors face limitations in performing up to the mark due to their intrinsic p...The surge in demand for cost-effective,lightweight,and rapidly responsive sensors has propelled research in various fields,and traditional sensors face limitations in performing up to the mark due to their intrinsic properties and a lack of innovative fabrication techniques.Consequently,over the last decade,a notable shift has been toward harnessing naturally existing nanostructures to develop efficient and versatile sensing devices.One such nanostructure in morpho butterfly wings has attracted attention because of its vibrant uniqueness and diverse sensing properties.This review will explore recent interdisciplinary research endeavors on the nanostructure,including chemical,vapor,and acoustic detection.Furthermore,its potential as an infrared sensor,considerations related to heat transfer properties,and a brief overview of various replication techniques and challenges encountered in reproducing the intricate nanostructure are discussed.展开更多
Butterfly wings are closely related to the premature failure of rolling element bearings.In this study,butterfly formation is investigated using the developed semi-analytical three-dimensional(3D)contact model incorpo...Butterfly wings are closely related to the premature failure of rolling element bearings.In this study,butterfly formation is investigated using the developed semi-analytical three-dimensional(3D)contact model incorporating inclusion and material property degradation.The 3D elastic field introduced by inhomogeneous inclusion is solved by using numerical approaches,which include the equivalent inclusion method(EIM)and the conjugate gradient method(CGM).The accumulation of fatigue damage surrounding inclusions is described using continuum damage mechanics.The coupling between the development of the damaged zone and the stress field is considered.The effects of the inclusion properties on the contact status and butterfly formation are discussed in detail.The model provides a potential method for quantifying material defects and fatigue behavior in terms of the deterioration of material properties.展开更多
The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)is a technique for the detection of analytes on the surface with an ultrahigh sensitivity down to the atomic-scale,yet the fabrication of SERS materials such as nanoparticl...The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)is a technique for the detection of analytes on the surface with an ultrahigh sensitivity down to the atomic-scale,yet the fabrication of SERS materials such as nanoparticles or arrays of coinage metals often involve multiple complex steps with the high cost and pollution,largely limiting the application of SERS.Here,we report a complex hierarchical metallic glassy(MG)nanostructure by simply replicating the surface microstructure of butterfly wings through vapor deposition technique.The MG nanostructure displays an excellent SERS effect and moreover,a superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning behavior.The SERS effect of the MG nanostructure is attributed to the intrinsic nanoscale structural heterogeneities on the MG surface,which provides a large number of hotspots for the localized electromagnetic field enhancement affirmed by the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)simulation.Our works show that the MG could be a new potential SERS material with low cost and good durability,well extending the functional application of this kind of material.展开更多
Papilio paris butterfly wings were replicated by a sol-gel method and a calcination process, which could take advantage of the spatial features of the wing to enhance their photocatalytic properties. Hierarchical stru...Papilio paris butterfly wings were replicated by a sol-gel method and a calcination process, which could take advantage of the spatial features of the wing to enhance their photocatalytic properties. Hierarchical structures of P. paris-carbon-TiO_2(PP-C-TiO_2) were confirmed by SEM observations. By applying the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, it was concluded that in the presence of wings the product shows higher surface area with respect to the pure TiO_2 made in the absence of the wings. The higher specific surface area is also beneficial for the improvement of photocatalytic property.Furthermore, the conduction and valence bands of the PPC-TiO_2 are more negative than the corresponding bands of pure TiO_2, allowing the electrons to migrate from the valence band to the conduction band upon absorbing visible light. That is, the presence of C originating from wings in the PP-C-TiO_2 could extend the photoresponsiveness to visible light. This strategy provides a simple method to fabricate a high-performance photocatalyst,which enables the simultaneous control of the morphology and carbon element doping.展开更多
文摘The contact angles of distilled water and methanol solution on the wings of butterflies were determined by a visual contact angle measuring system. The scale structures of the wings were observed using scanning electron microscopy, The influence of the scale micro- and ultra-structure on the wettability was investigated. Results show that the contact angle of distilled water on the wing surfaces varies from 134.0° to 159.2°. High hydrophobicity is found in six species with contact angles greater than 150°. The wing surfaces of some species are not only hydrophobic but also resist the wetting by methanol solution with 55% concentration. Only two species in Parnassius can not resist the wetting because the micro-structure （spindle-like shape） and ultra-structure （pinnule-like shape） of the wing scales are remarkably different from that of other species. The concentration of methanol solution for the occurrence of spreading/wetting on the wing surfaces of different species varies from 70% to 95%. After wetting by methanol solution for 10 min, the distilled water contact angle on the wing surface increases by 0.8°-2.1°, showing the promotion of capacity against wetting by distilled water.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 31971276the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Major Program),No. 19KJA320005 (both to JHH)。
文摘In a previous study, we used natural butterfly wings as a cell growth matrix for tissue engineering materials and found that the surface of different butterfly wings had different ultramicrostructures, which can affect the qualitative growth of cells and regulate cell growth, metabolism, and gene expression. However, the biocompatibility and biosafety of butterfly wings must be studied. In this study, we found that Sprague-Dawley rat dorsal root ganglion neurons could grow along the structural stripes of butterfly wings, and Schwann cells could normally attach to and proliferate on different species of butterfly wings. The biocompatibility and biosafety of butterfly wings were further examined through subcutaneous implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats, intraperitoneal injection in Institute of Cancer Research mice, intradermal injection in rabbits, and external application to guinea pigs. Our results showed that butterfly wings did not induce toxicity, and all examined animals exhibited normal behaviors and no symptoms, such as erythema or edema. These findings suggested that butterfly wings possess excellent biocompatibility and biosafety and can be used as a type of tissue engineering material. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province of China(approval No. 20190303-18) on March 3, 2019.
基金funding from the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFB3206001 and 2023YFB3405600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62104212 and 62334001)+3 种基金ZJU-UCL Strategic Partner Funds,The Leading Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project in Zhejiang(Grant No.2022R01001)Cao Guangbiao High Science and Technology Foundation,Zhejiang University(Grant No.2022RC011)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2021FZZX001-07)Zhejiang University Education Foundation Global Partnership Fund(Grant No.100000-11320).
文摘The surge in demand for cost-effective,lightweight,and rapidly responsive sensors has propelled research in various fields,and traditional sensors face limitations in performing up to the mark due to their intrinsic properties and a lack of innovative fabrication techniques.Consequently,over the last decade,a notable shift has been toward harnessing naturally existing nanostructures to develop efficient and versatile sensing devices.One such nanostructure in morpho butterfly wings has attracted attention because of its vibrant uniqueness and diverse sensing properties.This review will explore recent interdisciplinary research endeavors on the nanostructure,including chemical,vapor,and acoustic detection.Furthermore,its potential as an infrared sensor,considerations related to heat transfer properties,and a brief overview of various replication techniques and challenges encountered in reproducing the intricate nanostructure are discussed.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52005057 and 51975063)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2020CDJQY-A069 and 2021CDJGXB 008).
文摘Butterfly wings are closely related to the premature failure of rolling element bearings.In this study,butterfly formation is investigated using the developed semi-analytical three-dimensional(3D)contact model incorporating inclusion and material property degradation.The 3D elastic field introduced by inhomogeneous inclusion is solved by using numerical approaches,which include the equivalent inclusion method(EIM)and the conjugate gradient method(CGM).The accumulation of fatigue damage surrounding inclusions is described using continuum damage mechanics.The coupling between the development of the damaged zone and the stress field is considered.The effects of the inclusion properties on the contact status and butterfly formation are discussed in detail.The model provides a potential method for quantifying material defects and fatigue behavior in terms of the deterioration of material properties.
基金The authors would like to thank the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51822107,51671121,51761135125,and 61888102)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFA0703603)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB07030200 and XDB30000000)We appreciate Professor Di Zhang’s deep discussions on the usage of bio-templates.The authors also thank Ruhao Pan and Xianzhong Yang for discussions on collecting Raman spectra,Mo Han Wang for the measurement of UV–vis absorption spectra and Kun Chen for the dielectric coefficient measurement.
文摘The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)is a technique for the detection of analytes on the surface with an ultrahigh sensitivity down to the atomic-scale,yet the fabrication of SERS materials such as nanoparticles or arrays of coinage metals often involve multiple complex steps with the high cost and pollution,largely limiting the application of SERS.Here,we report a complex hierarchical metallic glassy(MG)nanostructure by simply replicating the surface microstructure of butterfly wings through vapor deposition technique.The MG nanostructure displays an excellent SERS effect and moreover,a superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning behavior.The SERS effect of the MG nanostructure is attributed to the intrinsic nanoscale structural heterogeneities on the MG surface,which provides a large number of hotspots for the localized electromagnetic field enhancement affirmed by the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)simulation.Our works show that the MG could be a new potential SERS material with low cost and good durability,well extending the functional application of this kind of material.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470584)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572017AB08)
文摘Papilio paris butterfly wings were replicated by a sol-gel method and a calcination process, which could take advantage of the spatial features of the wing to enhance their photocatalytic properties. Hierarchical structures of P. paris-carbon-TiO_2(PP-C-TiO_2) were confirmed by SEM observations. By applying the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, it was concluded that in the presence of wings the product shows higher surface area with respect to the pure TiO_2 made in the absence of the wings. The higher specific surface area is also beneficial for the improvement of photocatalytic property.Furthermore, the conduction and valence bands of the PPC-TiO_2 are more negative than the corresponding bands of pure TiO_2, allowing the electrons to migrate from the valence band to the conduction band upon absorbing visible light. That is, the presence of C originating from wings in the PP-C-TiO_2 could extend the photoresponsiveness to visible light. This strategy provides a simple method to fabricate a high-performance photocatalyst,which enables the simultaneous control of the morphology and carbon element doping.
