Cardiovascular disease prediction is a significant area of research in healthcare management systems(HMS).We will only be able to reduce the number of deaths if we anticipate cardiac problems in advance.The existing h...Cardiovascular disease prediction is a significant area of research in healthcare management systems(HMS).We will only be able to reduce the number of deaths if we anticipate cardiac problems in advance.The existing heart disease detection systems using machine learning have not yet produced sufficient results due to the reliance on available data.We present Clustered Butterfly Optimization Techniques(RoughK-means+BOA)as a new hybrid method for predicting heart disease.This method comprises two phases:clustering data using Roughk-means(RKM)and data analysis using the butterfly optimization algorithm(BOA).The benchmark dataset from the UCI repository is used for our experiments.The experiments are divided into three sets:the first set involves the RKM clustering technique,the next set evaluates the classification outcomes,and the last set validates the performance of the proposed hybrid model.The proposed RoughK-means+BOA has achieved a reasonable accuracy of 97.03 and a minimal error rate of 2.97.This result is comparatively better than other combinations of optimization techniques.In addition,this approach effectively enhances data segmentation,optimization,and classification performance.展开更多
The wing of a butterfly consists of partially overlapping forewing and hindwing,and forewing sweeping can dynamically change the shape of the whole wing.In this work,the effect of forewing sweeping on aerodynamic perf...The wing of a butterfly consists of partially overlapping forewing and hindwing,and forewing sweeping can dynamically change the shape of the whole wing.In this work,the effect of forewing sweeping on aerodynamic performance of a butterfly like model is studied using a solver based on immersed boundary method and adaptive mesh.For aerodynamic performance,adding a"forward-backward-forward"sweeping motion to the forewing makes it more suitable for fast cruising flight,and compared to the situation without forewing sweeping,the drag is reduced by 46%and the lift to drag ratio is increased by 45%.On the contrary,adding a"backward-for ward-backward"sweeping motion to the forewing increases lift and makes it more suitable for climb flight.For downstroke and middle to late upstroke,the forewing sweeping affects the Leading-Edge Vortex(LEV)through two factors:sweeping velocity and forward sweeping angle,and their effects are coupled.A large forward sweeping velocity can enhance the strength of LEV,while a large forward sweeping angle can weaken it.For early upstroke,the forewing sweeping can affect the wake capture mechanism,sweeping backward can enhance it while sweeping forward can weaken it.The findings in this work provide insight into the design of butterfly like Micro AirVehicles(MAVs).展开更多
With the advancement of modern technology and the continuous development of science,research into flapping wing aircraft is becoming increasingly sophisticated.Addressing issues such as the large wingspan and heavy ma...With the advancement of modern technology and the continuous development of science,research into flapping wing aircraft is becoming increasingly sophisticated.Addressing issues such as the large wingspan and heavy mass of existing bionic butterfly aircraft,this paper proposes the design of a lightweight lithium battery power supply,a chip integrated into a small circuit board,and a reference to the natural characteristics of butterfly wings.The wings are simulated using 0.125 mm polyethylene terephthalate(PET)film to replicate their movement.The driving structure employs a double motor and a four-bar mechanism to achieve natural and smooth wing vibrations.The control system features a lightweight motor,battery,and a high-performance low-power microcontroller for precise control.Using 3D printing technology,a lightweight design is realized,successfully simulating the structure and movement characteristics of a specific butterfly,demonstrating the principles of mechatronics.Furthermore,the design process incorporates multidisciplinary knowledge,and a workshop combining competitive discipline events with innovation and entrepreneurship has been established.This initiative fosters the deep integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education with professional training,effectively cultivating application-oriented technical talents.展开更多
In order to improve the reconstruction accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),an accurate natural image compressed sensing(CS)reconstruction network is proposed,which combines the advantages of model-based and de...In order to improve the reconstruction accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),an accurate natural image compressed sensing(CS)reconstruction network is proposed,which combines the advantages of model-based and deep learning-based CS-MRI methods.In theory,enhancing geometric texture details in linear reconstruction is possible.First,the optimization problem is decomposed into two problems:linear approximation and geometric compensation.Aimed at the problem of image linear approximation,the data consistency module is used to deal with it.Since the processing process will lose texture details,a neural network layer that explicitly combines image and frequency feature representation is proposed,which is named butterfly dilated geometric distillation network.The network introduces the idea of butterfly operation,skillfully integrates the features of image domain and frequency domain,and avoids the loss of texture details when extracting features in a single domain.Finally,a channel feature fusion module is designed by combining channel attention mechanism and dilated convolution.The attention of the channel makes the final output feature map focus on the more important part,thus improving the feature representation ability.The dilated convolution enlarges the receptive field,thereby obtaining more dense image feature data.The experimental results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the network is 5.43 dB,5.24 dB and 3.89 dB higher than that of ISTA-Net+,FISTA and DGDN networks on the brain data set with a Cartesian sampling mask CS ratio of 10%.展开更多
Mountains are rich in biodiversity,and butterflies are species-rich and have a good ecological and evolutionary research foundation.This review addresses the potential and progress of studying mountain biodiversity us...Mountains are rich in biodiversity,and butterflies are species-rich and have a good ecological and evolutionary research foundation.This review addresses the potential and progress of studying mountain biodiversity using butterflies as a model.We discuss the uniqueness of mountain ecosystems,factors influencing the distribution of mountain butterflies,representative genetic and evolutionary models in butterfly research,and evolutionary studies of mountain biodiversity involving butterfly genetics and genomics.Finally,we demonstrate the necessity of studying mountain butterflies and propose future perspectives.This review provides insights for studying the biodiversity of mountain butterflies as well as a summary of research methods for reference.展开更多
Urbanization has profound impacts on ecological environments. Green spaces are a vital component of urban ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing sustainability. This study a...Urbanization has profound impacts on ecological environments. Green spaces are a vital component of urban ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the community composition characteristics of butterflies in urban green spaces within the context of rapid urbanization. Simultaneously, it explored the status and differences in butterfly taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and functional traits among different types of urban green spaces, regions, and urban gradients to provide relevant insights for further improving urban green space quality and promoting biodiversity conservation. We conducted a year-long survey of 80 green spaces across different urban regions and ring roads within Hefei City, Anhui Province, with monthly sampling intervals over 187 transects. A total of 4822 butterflies, belonging to 5 families, 17 subfamilies, 40 genera, and 55 species were identified. The species richness, Shannon, Simpson, functional richness, and Rao's quadratic entropy indices of butterflies in urban park green spaces were all significantly higher than those in residential and street green spaces(P < 0.05). Differences in butterfly diversity and functional traits among different urban regions and ring roads were relatively minor, and small-sized, multivoltine, and long flying duration butterflies dominated urban green spaces. Overall, these spaces offer more favorable habitats for butterflies. However, some residential green spaces and street green spaces demonstrate potential for butterfly conservation.展开更多
Butterfly coloration originates from the finely structured scales grown on the underlying wing cuticle.Most researchers who study butterfly scales are focused on the static optic properties of cover scales,with few wo...Butterfly coloration originates from the finely structured scales grown on the underlying wing cuticle.Most researchers who study butterfly scales are focused on the static optic properties of cover scales,with few works referring to dynamic optical properties of the scales.Here,the dynamic coloration effect of the multiple scales was studied based on the mea-surements of varying-angle reflection and the characterization of scale flexibility in two species of Lycaenid,Plebejus argyrognomon with violet wings and Polyommatus erotides with blue wings.We explored the angle-dependent color changeability and the color-mediating efficiency of wing scales.It was found that the three main kinds of flexible scales(cover,ground and androconia scales)were asynchronously bent during wing rotation,which caused the discoloration effect.The three layers of composite scales broaden the light signal when compared to the single scale,which may be of great significance to the recognition of insects.Specifically,the androconia scales were shown to strongly contribute to the overall wing coloration.The cover scale coloration was ascribed to the coherence scattering resulted from the short-range order at intermediate spatial frequencies from the 2D Fourier power spectra.Our findings are expected to deepen the understanding of the complex characteristics of biological coloration and to provide new inspirations for the fabrication of biomimetic flexible discoloration materials.展开更多
M.Butterfly,written by David Henry Hwang,is one of the most influential plays in contemporary American dramatic his-tory.Hwang incorporates a stereotypical fantasy into his play,involving conflicts and misunderstandin...M.Butterfly,written by David Henry Hwang,is one of the most influential plays in contemporary American dramatic his-tory.Hwang incorporates a stereotypical fantasy into his play,involving conflicts and misunderstandings between the East and theWest,between men and women.Through the analysis of the construction of the Orientalist"Madame Butterfly Fantasy"in M.Butterfly,this paper analyzes sexual prejudice and racial bias embedded in the"Fantasy".展开更多
"Days of the Butterfly"was one of Alice Munro's short stories written in 1950 s, when she was still a new hand. This paper will mainly focus on the development of the main characters in the story, includ..."Days of the Butterfly"was one of Alice Munro's short stories written in 1950 s, when she was still a new hand. This paper will mainly focus on the development of the main characters in the story, including Myra, the black girl who was the heroine, the teacher Miss Darling, and the Narrator"I". In portraying these characters, Munro adopted several writing techniques including conversation, detailed description, psychological description and so on. She vividly transferred those characters into paper.展开更多
Local adaptation is an important process that drives the evolution of populations within species, and it can be generally expressed by the higher fitness of individuals raised in their native habitats versus in a fore...Local adaptation is an important process that drives the evolution of populations within species, and it can be generally expressed by the higher fitness of individuals raised in their native habitats versus in a foreign location. The influence of local adaptation is especially prominent in species that subsist in small and/or highly isolated populations. This study evaluated whether the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly, Lycaeides melissa samuelis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is locally adapted to its exclusive larval host plant, the wild lupine (Lupinus perennis). To test for local adaptation, individuals from a laboratory-raised colony were reared on wild lupine plants from populations belonging to either their native (Indiana) or a foreign (Michigan and Wisconsin) region. For this purpose, lupine plants from the different populations were grown in a common garden in growth chambers, and one Karner blue larva was placed on each plant. Fitness traits related to growth and development were recorded for each butterfly across populations. Days from hatching to pupation and eclosion showed gender-specific significant differences across wild lupine populations and plant genotypes (within populations). The percent survival of butterflies (from hatching to eclosion) also differed among plants from different populations. These results indicate that wild lupine sources can affect some developmental traits of Karner blue butterflies. However, growth-related traits, such as pupal and adult weight of individuals reared in plants from native populations did not differ from those of foreign regions. The apparent absence of local adaptation to wild lupine suggests that, at least, some individuals of this species could be translocated from native populations to foreign reintroduction sites without experiencing decreased fitness levels. However, future studies including more populations across the geographical range of this butterfly are recommended to evaluate other environmental factors that could influence adaptation on a wider spatial scale.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Incentive Grant 23200 of Zayed University,United Arab Emirates.
文摘Cardiovascular disease prediction is a significant area of research in healthcare management systems(HMS).We will only be able to reduce the number of deaths if we anticipate cardiac problems in advance.The existing heart disease detection systems using machine learning have not yet produced sufficient results due to the reliance on available data.We present Clustered Butterfly Optimization Techniques(RoughK-means+BOA)as a new hybrid method for predicting heart disease.This method comprises two phases:clustering data using Roughk-means(RKM)and data analysis using the butterfly optimization algorithm(BOA).The benchmark dataset from the UCI repository is used for our experiments.The experiments are divided into three sets:the first set involves the RKM clustering technique,the next set evaluates the classification outcomes,and the last set validates the performance of the proposed hybrid model.The proposed RoughK-means+BOA has achieved a reasonable accuracy of 97.03 and a minimal error rate of 2.97.This result is comparatively better than other combinations of optimization techniques.In addition,this approach effectively enhances data segmentation,optimization,and classification performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175277)The computations were conducted in Computing Center in Xi'an.The authors thankfully acknowledge these institutions.
文摘The wing of a butterfly consists of partially overlapping forewing and hindwing,and forewing sweeping can dynamically change the shape of the whole wing.In this work,the effect of forewing sweeping on aerodynamic performance of a butterfly like model is studied using a solver based on immersed boundary method and adaptive mesh.For aerodynamic performance,adding a"forward-backward-forward"sweeping motion to the forewing makes it more suitable for fast cruising flight,and compared to the situation without forewing sweeping,the drag is reduced by 46%and the lift to drag ratio is increased by 45%.On the contrary,adding a"backward-for ward-backward"sweeping motion to the forewing increases lift and makes it more suitable for climb flight.For downstroke and middle to late upstroke,the forewing sweeping affects the Leading-Edge Vortex(LEV)through two factors:sweeping velocity and forward sweeping angle,and their effects are coupled.A large forward sweeping velocity can enhance the strength of LEV,while a large forward sweeping angle can weaken it.For early upstroke,the forewing sweeping can affect the wake capture mechanism,sweeping backward can enhance it while sweeping forward can weaken it.The findings in this work provide insight into the design of butterfly like Micro AirVehicles(MAVs).
基金Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project for College Students in Hunan Province in 2024:Design of Small Bionic Butterfly Machine Under the Background of Innovation and Integration(Project No.S202413809022)2023 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project of Hunan College Students:Tiger Butterfly—Bionic Manufacturing and Morphology Research(Project No.S202313809022)。
文摘With the advancement of modern technology and the continuous development of science,research into flapping wing aircraft is becoming increasingly sophisticated.Addressing issues such as the large wingspan and heavy mass of existing bionic butterfly aircraft,this paper proposes the design of a lightweight lithium battery power supply,a chip integrated into a small circuit board,and a reference to the natural characteristics of butterfly wings.The wings are simulated using 0.125 mm polyethylene terephthalate(PET)film to replicate their movement.The driving structure employs a double motor and a four-bar mechanism to achieve natural and smooth wing vibrations.The control system features a lightweight motor,battery,and a high-performance low-power microcontroller for precise control.Using 3D printing technology,a lightweight design is realized,successfully simulating the structure and movement characteristics of a specific butterfly,demonstrating the principles of mechatronics.Furthermore,the design process incorporates multidisciplinary knowledge,and a workshop combining competitive discipline events with innovation and entrepreneurship has been established.This initiative fosters the deep integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education with professional training,effectively cultivating application-oriented technical talents.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61962032)。
文摘In order to improve the reconstruction accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),an accurate natural image compressed sensing(CS)reconstruction network is proposed,which combines the advantages of model-based and deep learning-based CS-MRI methods.In theory,enhancing geometric texture details in linear reconstruction is possible.First,the optimization problem is decomposed into two problems:linear approximation and geometric compensation.Aimed at the problem of image linear approximation,the data consistency module is used to deal with it.Since the processing process will lose texture details,a neural network layer that explicitly combines image and frequency feature representation is proposed,which is named butterfly dilated geometric distillation network.The network introduces the idea of butterfly operation,skillfully integrates the features of image domain and frequency domain,and avoids the loss of texture details when extracting features in a single domain.Finally,a channel feature fusion module is designed by combining channel attention mechanism and dilated convolution.The attention of the channel makes the final output feature map focus on the more important part,thus improving the feature representation ability.The dilated convolution enlarges the receptive field,thereby obtaining more dense image feature data.The experimental results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the network is 5.43 dB,5.24 dB and 3.89 dB higher than that of ISTA-Net+,FISTA and DGDN networks on the brain data set with a Cartesian sampling mask CS ratio of 10%.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170420 and 31871271)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ19021)the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science,the State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research,the Qidong-SLS Innovation Fund,Benyuan Charity Young Investigator Exploration Fellowship in Life Science to W.Z.,and grants from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730082 and BX20230026)to S.W.
文摘Mountains are rich in biodiversity,and butterflies are species-rich and have a good ecological and evolutionary research foundation.This review addresses the potential and progress of studying mountain biodiversity using butterflies as a model.We discuss the uniqueness of mountain ecosystems,factors influencing the distribution of mountain butterflies,representative genetic and evolutionary models in butterfly research,and evolutionary studies of mountain biodiversity involving butterfly genetics and genomics.Finally,we demonstrate the necessity of studying mountain butterflies and propose future perspectives.This review provides insights for studying the biodiversity of mountain butterflies as well as a summary of research methods for reference.
基金funded by the National Non Profit Research Institutions of the Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAFYBB2020ZB008)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371936)the Research Projects in Anhui Universities in 2022(natural sciences)(2022AH051874).
文摘Urbanization has profound impacts on ecological environments. Green spaces are a vital component of urban ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the community composition characteristics of butterflies in urban green spaces within the context of rapid urbanization. Simultaneously, it explored the status and differences in butterfly taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and functional traits among different types of urban green spaces, regions, and urban gradients to provide relevant insights for further improving urban green space quality and promoting biodiversity conservation. We conducted a year-long survey of 80 green spaces across different urban regions and ring roads within Hefei City, Anhui Province, with monthly sampling intervals over 187 transects. A total of 4822 butterflies, belonging to 5 families, 17 subfamilies, 40 genera, and 55 species were identified. The species richness, Shannon, Simpson, functional richness, and Rao's quadratic entropy indices of butterflies in urban park green spaces were all significantly higher than those in residential and street green spaces(P < 0.05). Differences in butterfly diversity and functional traits among different urban regions and ring roads were relatively minor, and small-sized, multivoltine, and long flying duration butterflies dominated urban green spaces. Overall, these spaces offer more favorable habitats for butterflies. However, some residential green spaces and street green spaces demonstrate potential for butterfly conservation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31772513 to MXS and 32070470 to APL).
文摘Butterfly coloration originates from the finely structured scales grown on the underlying wing cuticle.Most researchers who study butterfly scales are focused on the static optic properties of cover scales,with few works referring to dynamic optical properties of the scales.Here,the dynamic coloration effect of the multiple scales was studied based on the mea-surements of varying-angle reflection and the characterization of scale flexibility in two species of Lycaenid,Plebejus argyrognomon with violet wings and Polyommatus erotides with blue wings.We explored the angle-dependent color changeability and the color-mediating efficiency of wing scales.It was found that the three main kinds of flexible scales(cover,ground and androconia scales)were asynchronously bent during wing rotation,which caused the discoloration effect.The three layers of composite scales broaden the light signal when compared to the single scale,which may be of great significance to the recognition of insects.Specifically,the androconia scales were shown to strongly contribute to the overall wing coloration.The cover scale coloration was ascribed to the coherence scattering resulted from the short-range order at intermediate spatial frequencies from the 2D Fourier power spectra.Our findings are expected to deepen the understanding of the complex characteristics of biological coloration and to provide new inspirations for the fabrication of biomimetic flexible discoloration materials.
文摘M.Butterfly,written by David Henry Hwang,is one of the most influential plays in contemporary American dramatic his-tory.Hwang incorporates a stereotypical fantasy into his play,involving conflicts and misunderstandings between the East and theWest,between men and women.Through the analysis of the construction of the Orientalist"Madame Butterfly Fantasy"in M.Butterfly,this paper analyzes sexual prejudice and racial bias embedded in the"Fantasy".
文摘"Days of the Butterfly"was one of Alice Munro's short stories written in 1950 s, when she was still a new hand. This paper will mainly focus on the development of the main characters in the story, including Myra, the black girl who was the heroine, the teacher Miss Darling, and the Narrator"I". In portraying these characters, Munro adopted several writing techniques including conversation, detailed description, psychological description and so on. She vividly transferred those characters into paper.
文摘Local adaptation is an important process that drives the evolution of populations within species, and it can be generally expressed by the higher fitness of individuals raised in their native habitats versus in a foreign location. The influence of local adaptation is especially prominent in species that subsist in small and/or highly isolated populations. This study evaluated whether the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly, Lycaeides melissa samuelis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is locally adapted to its exclusive larval host plant, the wild lupine (Lupinus perennis). To test for local adaptation, individuals from a laboratory-raised colony were reared on wild lupine plants from populations belonging to either their native (Indiana) or a foreign (Michigan and Wisconsin) region. For this purpose, lupine plants from the different populations were grown in a common garden in growth chambers, and one Karner blue larva was placed on each plant. Fitness traits related to growth and development were recorded for each butterfly across populations. Days from hatching to pupation and eclosion showed gender-specific significant differences across wild lupine populations and plant genotypes (within populations). The percent survival of butterflies (from hatching to eclosion) also differed among plants from different populations. These results indicate that wild lupine sources can affect some developmental traits of Karner blue butterflies. However, growth-related traits, such as pupal and adult weight of individuals reared in plants from native populations did not differ from those of foreign regions. The apparent absence of local adaptation to wild lupine suggests that, at least, some individuals of this species could be translocated from native populations to foreign reintroduction sites without experiencing decreased fitness levels. However, future studies including more populations across the geographical range of this butterfly are recommended to evaluate other environmental factors that could influence adaptation on a wider spatial scale.
