China’s endeavors to mitigate recurrent crop residue burning(CRB)and improve air quality have yielded positive results owing to recent pollution prevention policies.Nonetheless,persistent challenges remain,particular...China’s endeavors to mitigate recurrent crop residue burning(CRB)and improve air quality have yielded positive results owing to recent pollution prevention policies.Nonetheless,persistent challenges remain,particularly in the Northeast China(NEC),where low temperature complicates crop residue management.Here,we examined the effects of cropping pattern adjustment on variations of CRB patterns in NEC during 2001-2021,utilizing the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)burned area dataset,the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS)active fire dataset,and the high-accuracy crop planting area maps.Our results revealed an overall upward trend of 805.96 km^(2)/yr in NEC CRB from 2001 to 2021.The corn CRB area accounted for more than 50%of the total CRB area in each CRB-intensive year(2013-2021),and the increasing corn CRB generally aligns with the growing corn cultivation fields.A seasonal shift in CRB was found around 2017,with intensive CRB activities transitioning from both autumn and spring to primarily spring,particularly in the Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain.The changing trend of PM2.5 concentration aligned spatially with the shift.Moreover,the CRBs in spring of 2020 and 2021 were more severe than the major burning seasons in previous years,likely due to the disruptions during COVID-19 lockdowns.In certain years,the explanatory power of spring CRB on PM2.5 concentration was comparable to that of other natural factors,such as precipitation.This study underscores the critical need for sustained and region-specific strategies to tackle the challenges posed by CRBs.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the improvement effect of combined treatment of eschar abrasion, nanosilver dressing, and mussel mucin spray on wound healing in patients with second-degree burns, and to explore their effects o...Objective: To evaluate the improvement effect of combined treatment of eschar abrasion, nanosilver dressing, and mussel mucin spray on wound healing in patients with second-degree burns, and to explore their effects on the expression level of (advanced glycation end products) AGEs in wound tissue, so as to provide a basis for the application of AGEs expression level in wound tissue in the future clinical treatment of second-degree burns. Methods: Patients with second-degree burns admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the research subjects. This study was a non-double-blind study, and both patients and researchers were aware of the treatment methods. They were randomly divided into Group A (control group) and Group B (study group). According to the order of their visits, the patients were numbered in advance;then the seed number was taken, and 70 random numbers were generated on the computer using SAS, the first 35 corresponding to group A, and the last 35 corresponding to group B;the random numbers were arranged from small to large, and the rank of the random numbers was the patient number;finally, the patient numbers were arranged from small to large, and the corresponding groups were the grouping scheme. 1) Wound healing time: The wound healing was observed every day, and the wound healing time was calculated when the wound was completely epithelialized. 2) Wound healing: The wound healing area was measured 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment, and transparent paper was used to record combined with a computer-assisted imaging system. Wound healing rate = wound healing area (cm2)/total wound area before treatment (cm2) × 100%. The time for complete wound healing was recorded in the two groups of patients. 3) Pain: The pain was evaluated at 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The higher the score, the more severe the pain. 4) Scar condition: Scar formation was evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after wound healing using the VAS scale, with a total score of 15 points. The higher the score, the more severe the scar. 5) Detect the expression of AGEs in wound tissue. Results: The wound healed 14.03 ± 2.28 days after eschar removal, with a cure rate of 97.8%. No infection occurred in the wound after eschar removal in all patients. The wound healing time ranged from 9 to 23 days, with an average healing time of 28.41 ± 1.45 days. The healing quality was satisfactory. The Vancouver Scar Scale scored the wound healing scar as 0.81 ± 0.73 points. Western blot was used to detect the expression of AGEs, (receptor for advanced glycation end products) RAGE, and protein in the wound tissue. Results After 7, 14, and 28 days of medication, the wounds of diabetic patients healed well. The drug treatment efficacy and hydroxyproline content showed an upward trend, and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1a proteins showed a downward trend. Compared with day 0, the hydroxyproline content of the wound granulation tissue on days 7, 14, and 28 was significantly increased (P< 0.01), and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1α proteins were significantly downregulated (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). Conclusion: Monitoring the expression levels of AGEs and RAGE can reflect the wound-healing effect of patients with second-degree burns, and the prognosis of the wound is closely related to the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and scab abrasion. In the treatment of second-degree burn wounds, scab abrasion can grasp the level of necrotic scab removal, can achieve “relatively accurate” removal of necrotic tissue, maximally protect the ecological tissue between wounds and retaining normal tissue, and can play a positive role in promoting the healing process of burn wounds;at the same time, nanosilver dressings have good antibacterial properties and high safety, and mussel mucin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and the characteristics of blocking nerve endings, which can effectively relieve the burning, stinging, and itching of sensitive skin and effectively promote wound healing.展开更多
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are common psychological reactions in teenagers with facial burns and have a significant impact on their rehabilitation and quality of life.AIM To analyze anxiety and depressive sympt...BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are common psychological reactions in teenagers with facial burns and have a significant impact on their rehabilitation and quality of life.AIM To analyze anxiety and depressive symptoms in teenagers with facial burns.METHODS We selected 50 young patients with facial burns who were treated at our hospital between October 2023 and October 2024.The Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were used to evaluate anxiety and depressive symptoms.Additionally,we evaluated patients'social support levels and self-esteem.Pearson's correlation analysis was used to evaluate factors related to depression and anxiety.RESULTS The overall average Hamilton Anxiety Scale score was 23.4±6.2,and 16(32%)and 34(68%)patients showed mild to moderate and moderate to severe anxiety,respectively.The overall average Beck Depression Inventory score was 18.7±7.5,and 23(46%)and 27(54%)patients had mild to moderate and moderate to severe depression,respectively.Furthermore,Pearson's correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between burn severity and anxiety(r=0.48,P<0.01)and depression(r=0.42,P<0.01)symptoms.Self-esteem scores and social support were significantly negatively correlated with anxiety(r=-0.55 and r=-0.40,respectively;P<0.01)and depression(r=-0.60 and r=-0.38,respectively;P<0.01 for both).CONCLUSION Adolescents with facial burns commonly experience anxiety and depressive symptoms,the severity of which is closely related to burn severity,social support,and self-esteem.展开更多
BACKGROUND Burn wound management is challenging,and while mesenchymal stem cellderived exosomes show therapeutic potential,optimal delivery methods are unclear.AIM To study chitosan(CS)-αβ-glycerophosphate(CS-αβ-G...BACKGROUND Burn wound management is challenging,and while mesenchymal stem cellderived exosomes show therapeutic potential,optimal delivery methods are unclear.AIM To study chitosan(CS)-αβ-glycerophosphate(CS-αβ-GP)hydrogel crosslinked with adipose-derived stem cell exosomes(ASC-Exos)for healing deep burn injuries.METHODS Rats with deep burn injuries were divided into the CS+ASCs-Exos group,the ASCs-Exos group,the CS group,and the control group.The healing rates on days 4,7,and 14 after treatment were analyzed using ImageJ software.On day 14,the tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining,Masson’s trichrome staining,and immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-1α,IL-10,transforming growth factorβ,and epidermal growth factor.The mRNA levels of IL-1α,CD86,C-C motif chemokine ligand 22,and CD163 were evaluated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS The CS+ASC-Exos group exhibited enhanced healing,reduced lymphocyte infiltration,blood vessels,and muscle fiber distribution.Increased IL-10,transforming growth factorβ,and epidermal growth factor and decreased tumor necrosis factorα,IL-1α,and IL-6 expression were observed.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed reduced IL-1αand CD86 and increased C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 and CD163 expression.Protein analysis showed downregulation of phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa Balpha and P65 in the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)pathway.ASC-Exos crosslinked with CS-αβ-GP hydrogel demonstrates superior effects in anti-inflammation,wound healing promotion,and promotion of M1 macrophage transformation to M2 macrophage by blocking the NF-κB pathway compared to ASC-Exos alone.CONCLUSION Our research demonstrates that the ASC-Exos cross-linked CS-αβ-GP hydrogel represents an advanced therapeutic approach for treating deep burn wounds.It has anti-inflammatory effects,promotes wound healing,and facilitates the transition of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages by blocking the NF-κB pathway.展开更多
Prescribed burning is commonly used to maintain forest ecosystem functions and reduce the risk of future wildfires.Although many studies have investigated the response of microbial community to wildfires in forest eco...Prescribed burning is commonly used to maintain forest ecosystem functions and reduce the risk of future wildfires.Although many studies have investigated the response of microbial community to wildfires in forest ecosystems,the effects of prescribed burnings on soil microbial community structure are less studied.It is also unclear that how post-fire soil physiochemical properties changes affected soil microbial communities.Here,we studied the impacts of prescribed burning on soil microbiome in three typical temperate forests of northern China by collecting soil physicochemical and high-throughput sequencing for 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA was applied to analyze the diversity and community composition of soil microbes(bacteria and fungi).Compared with pre-fire condition,prescribed burning significantly decreased Chaol index and altered soil bacterial communities(P<0.05),whereas it had no significant effect on fungal diversity and community structure of the(P>0.05).Planctomycetes and Actinobacteria made the greatest contributions to the bacterial community dissimilarity between the pre-fire and post-fire conditions.The main variables influencing the post-fire soil microbial community structure are soil pH,available phosphorus,total nitrogen,and the ratio of soil total carbon to soil total nitrogen,which could account for 73.5% of the variation in the microbial community structure in these stands.Our findings demonstrated a great discrepancy in the responses of bacteria and fungi to prescribed burning.Prescribed burning altered the soil microbial structure by modifying the physicochemical properties.Our results pointed that it is essential to evaluate the impact of prescribed burnings on forest ecosystem functions.These findings provide an important baseline for assessing post-fire microbial recovery in the region and offer critical guidance for restoration efforts.展开更多
Over the past decade,biomass burning has emerged as one of the main polluting events in northern India.It is one of the major sources of brown carbon(Br C),the light-absorbing organic carbon component of PM_(2.5).Most...Over the past decade,biomass burning has emerged as one of the main polluting events in northern India.It is one of the major sources of brown carbon(Br C),the light-absorbing organic carbon component of PM_(2.5).Most studies on the impact of biomass burning in India are based on source locations or urban areas;very little is known about its effects on a regional background location.We examine the effect of biomass burning on regional air quality and co-occurring meteorological factors.Year-long PM_(2.5)levels and light absorption by carbonaceous aerosols at 880 nm and 370 nm were measured at Rohtak,a regional background location.Results showed that post-harvest biomass burning in the Punjab-Haryana region affects the regional air quality with a lead of one to two days.A comparison of dispersionnormalized concentrations showed that open-field biomass burning not only affects regional air quality in the post-monsoon season(kharif crops)but is also a dominant source of PM_(2.5)in the post-harvest summer season(rabi crop).A significant(p<0.05)difference is observed in PM_(2.5),b_(abs-880),and b_(abs-370)between biomass burning days and non-biomass burning days during the kharif and rabi harvest seasons.Regression analyses confirm that in summer,regional PM_(2.5)and light absorption by aerosols are influenced more strongly by post-harvest burning of rabi crops.However,adverse meteorology plays a more dominant role in the post-monsoon season than biomass burning.These findings underscore the need for better policy interventions to curb biomass burning and improve air quality during both harvest seasons.展开更多
Straw burning has emerged as a persistent and multifaceted challenge within global agricultural systems,particularly across Asia,Africa,and Latin America.This review reframes straw burning not as an isolated behaviora...Straw burning has emerged as a persistent and multifaceted challenge within global agricultural systems,particularly across Asia,Africa,and Latin America.This review reframes straw burning not as an isolated behavioral issue,but as the outcome of interlinked structural,technological,and socio-cultural constraints embedded in modern agricultural transitions.Drawing on a synthesis of recent empirical studies,we identify four conceptual turning points that reshape the understanding of straw burning:the structural consequences of mechanization,the trade-offs between high-and low-tech solutions,the cultural legitimacy of burning practices,and the need for systems-based,climate-aligned management paradigms.The analysis reveals that interventions focusing solely on technical innovation often overlook the deeper institutional and cultural factors that sustain burning as a rational choice under constrained conditions.We advocate for hybrid,place-based strategies that combine accessible agronomic practices with long-term investments in infrastructure,policy alignment,and community engagement.Moving beyond fragmented solutions and adopting an integrated systems lens enables this study to contribute a forward-looking framework for sustainable straw management that is environmentally just,socially legitimate,and economically viable.展开更多
Background:With advancements in burn treatment and intensive care leading to decreased mortality rates,a growing cohort of burn survivors is emerging.These individuals may be susceptible to frailty,characterized by re...Background:With advancements in burn treatment and intensive care leading to decreased mortality rates,a growing cohort of burn survivors is emerging.These individuals may be susceptible to frailty,characterized by reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors commonly associated with aging,which significantly complicates their recovery process.To date,no study has investigated burns as a potential risk factor for frailty.This study aimed to determine the short-term prevalence of frailty among burn survivors’months after injury and compare it with that of the general population.Methods:A post hoc analysis was conducted on the Randomized Trial of Enteral Glutamine to Minimize the Effects of Burn Injury(RE-ENERGIZE)trial,an international randomized-controlled trial involving 1200 burn injury patients with partial-or full-thickness burns.Participants who did not complete the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)questionnaire were excluded.Data for the general population were obtained from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey(NHIS).Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL(Fatigue,Resistance,Ambulation,Illness,Loss of weight)scale.Due to lack of data on loss of weight,for the purposes of this study,malnutrition was used as the fifth variable.Illness and malnutrition were based on admission data,while fatigue,resistance,and ambulation were determined from post-discharge responses to the SF-36.The burn cohort and general population groups were matched using propensity score matching and compared in terms of frailty status.Within the burn group,patients were divided into different subgroups based on their frailty status,and the differences in their(instrumental)activities of daily living(iADL and ADL)were compared.A multivariable analysis was performed within the burn cohort to identify factors predisposing to frailty as well as compromised iADL and ADL.Results:Out of the 1200 burn patients involved in the study,600 completed the required questionnaires[follow-up time:(5.5±2.3)months]and were matched to 1200 adults from the general population in the U.S.In comparison to the general population,burn patients exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of being pre-frail(42.3%vs.19.8%,P<0.0001),or frail(13.0%vs.1.0%,P<0.0001).When focusing on specific components,burn patients were more prone to experiencing fatigue(25.8%vs.13.5%,P<0.0001),limited resistance(34.0%vs.2.7%,P<0.0001),and restricted ambulation(41.8%vs.3.8%,P<0.0001).Conversely,the incidence rate of illness was observed to be higher in the general population(1.2%vs.2.8%,P=0.03),while no significant difference was detected regarding malnutrition(2.3%vs.2.6%,P=0.75).Furthermore,in comparison with robust burn patients,it was significantly more likely for pre-frail and frail patients to disclose compromise in ADL and iADL.The frail cohort reported the most pronounced limitation.Conclusions:Our findings suggest a higher incidence of post-discharge frailty among burn survivors in the short-term following injury.Burn survivors experience compromised fatigue,resistance,and ambulation,while rates of illness and malnutrition were lower or unchanged,respectively.These results underscore the critical need for early identification of frailty after a burn injury,with timely and comprehensive involvement of a multidisciplinary team including burn and pain specialists,community physicians,physiotherapists,nutritionists,and social workers.This collaborative effort can ensure holistic care to address and mitigate frailty in this patient population.展开更多
We present a theoretical study of four-wave mixing(FWM)in a degenerate two-level atomic system subject to a magnetic field whose Zeeman sublevels constitute a tripod-type atomic system,which is driven by a linearly po...We present a theoretical study of four-wave mixing(FWM)in a degenerate two-level atomic system subject to a magnetic field whose Zeeman sublevels constitute a tripod-type atomic system,which is driven by a linearly polarized field,and coupled and probed by two sets of left and right circularly polarized fields.The optical effects of coherent hole burning(CHB)and electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)are involved in the coherent system,among which the CHB has much larger response for the FWM than the EITs.Three situations of CHB are involved,and they are the solitary CHB,overlapped CHBs,and an overlap between CHB and EIT.The overlapped CHBs have the greatest magnitude of FWM signal among the three situations.Whereas,for the overlapped CHB and EIT,it has the smallest FWM magnitude,which is no more than one tenth of the former.While for the single CHB,the FWM magnitude is half of that of the overlapped CHBs.It is noted that,in the overlap between CHB and EIT,dual EIAs can be obtained,whose FWM signal also has an enhancement in comparison to no EIA.展开更多
Biomass burning(BB)emits carbonaceous aerosols that significantly influence air quality in Southwest China during spring.To further understand the characteristics of spring BB and its original contribution to organic ...Biomass burning(BB)emits carbonaceous aerosols that significantly influence air quality in Southwest China during spring.To further understand the characteristics of spring BB and its original contribution to organic carbon(OC),daily fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))samples were collected from March to May 2022 in Pu'er,Southwest China.The concentrations of OC,elemental carbon(EC),levoglucosan(Lev),and potassium from BB(K+BB)during the study period ranged from 5.3 to 31.2μg/m^(3),0.86-13.1μg/m^(3),0.06-0.82μg/m^(3),and 0.05-2.88μg/m^(3),respectively.To eliminate the effects of Lev degradation,this study uses the Aging of Air Mass(AAM)index to correct the atmospheric concentration of Lev and combines Bayesian mixture modeling with a molecular tracer method to assess the original contribution of BB to OC.The results indicated that the AAM index was 0.18±0.05,indicating that the degradation of Lev reached 82%.When considering the degradation of levoglucosan in the atmosphere,the primary source of BB aerosols was crop-straw combustion(71.1%),followed by the combustion of certain hardwoods and softwoods(24.9%)and grasses(4.0%).The original contribution of BB to OC was 62.4%,which was much greater than the contribution when levoglucosan degradation(23.7%)was ignored.The air mass inverse trajectories and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)fire hotspots indicated that the BB plume from Southeast Asia during spring could influence PM_(2.5)long-range transport in remote locations,and the contribution could reach 82%in Southwest China.展开更多
From the perspective of literary stylistics,this paper explores the discourse styles and Chinese translation characteristics of Robert Burns’farewell poems.Burns’farewell poems mostly appear in three types:love poem...From the perspective of literary stylistics,this paper explores the discourse styles and Chinese translation characteristics of Robert Burns’farewell poems.Burns’farewell poems mostly appear in three types:love poems,patriotic poems and animal poems,corresponding to the explicit,implicit and personified discourse styles.In the love farewell poems,the explicit ones express emotions directly by using words such as“farewell”;the implicit ones express emotions indirectly through the female perspective and the repetition of phrases.In the patriotic farewell poems,“farewell”and its phrases are used to express patriotism and the sentiment of separation.In the animal farewell poems,personification is used to endow animals with human nature,and images are used to imply death.When translating,the translator skillfully uses auxiliary words and adopts multiple translations for one word in dealing with explicit discourse;flexibly handles person and repeated phrases in implicit discourse;and conducts part-of-speech conversion and reproduces the rhythm in personified discourse.This study aims to explore how to understand the source text equivalently and express the ideas and styles of the source text appropriately,so as to achieve the standards of accuracy and vividness.展开更多
Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of Moist Burn Ointment combined with rotating moxibustion on patients with pressure ulcers and deficiency of both Qi and blood.Methods:40 patients with pressure ulcers and d...Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of Moist Burn Ointment combined with rotating moxibustion on patients with pressure ulcers and deficiency of both Qi and blood.Methods:40 patients with pressure ulcers and deficiency of both Qi and blood were randomly divided into two groups from July 2024 to November 2025.Group A received Moist Burn Ointment combined with rotating moxibustion,while Group B received Moist Burn Ointment only.Results:Group A showed better efficacy,wound healing time,dressing change frequency,satisfaction,PUSH score,and adverse reaction indicators compared to Group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of Moist Burn Ointment and rotating moxibustion in the treatment of patients with pressure ulcers and deficiency of both Qi and blood can shorten wound healing time,reduce dressing change frequency,and alleviate the degree of pressure ulcers,which is safe and efficient.展开更多
Accurate characterization of three-dimensional burning crack propagation remains pivotal yet challenging for energetic material safety,as conventional diagnostics and models inadequately resolve coupled crack-pressure...Accurate characterization of three-dimensional burning crack propagation remains pivotal yet challenging for energetic material safety,as conventional diagnostics and models inadequately resolve coupled crack-pressure dynamics in confined explosives.This study combines a novel spherical confinement system(with/without sapphire windows)with synchronized high-speed imaging and 3D reconstruction to overcome optical limitations in opaque explosives.Experimental analysis of centrally ignited HMX-based PBX-1 reveals:(1)burning cracks propagate radially with equatorial acceleration and polar deceleration,(2)systematic formation of 3–4 dominant crack branches across geometries,and(3)pressure evolution exhibiting gradual accumulation(subsurface cracking)followed by exponential growth(surface burn-through),with decay governed by cavity expansion.Building on Hill's framework,we develop a model incorporating cavity volume and fracture toughness criteria,validated against PBX explosive(95%HMX-based)experiments.The model demonstrates improved prediction of pressure trends compared to prior approaches,particularly in resolving laminar-phase accumulation and crackinduced surge transitions.Results establish structural cavity volume as a critical modulator of measured pressure and reveal direction-dependent crack kinematics as fundamental features of constrained combustion.This work provides experimentally validated insights into mechanisms of reaction pressure development and burning cracks pathways during constrained PBX explosive combustion.展开更多
Treating severe burn wounds poses significant challenges,including considerable cell loss,excessive inflammation,and a high susceptibility to bacterial infections.Ideal burn dressings should exhibit excellent antibact...Treating severe burn wounds poses significant challenges,including considerable cell loss,excessive inflammation,and a high susceptibility to bacterial infections.Ideal burn dressings should exhibit excellent antibacterial properties,anti-inflammatory effects,and promote cell proliferation.Additionally,they need facilitate painless dressing changes and be user-friendly.Herein,we synthesized a thermosensitive hydrogel by crosslinking poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allyloxybenzaldehyde)(PNA)and amino-terminated Pluronic F127(APF)through a Schiffbase reaction.It exhibited reversible gelsol transition and spread-ability.By incorporating piezoelectric gold nanoparticle-modified barium titanate(Au@BaTiO3)and cas-cade antioxidant MOF-818,a nanocomposite hydrogel dressing with diverse bioactive functionalities was developed.Results demonstrated that the nanocomposite hydrogel possessed gel-sol transition properties,maintained a stable gel state within a broad temperature range,and desirable self-healing property.Au@BaTiO3 exhibited good piezoelectric properties and ROS generation upon ultrasound stimulation,while MOF-818 displayed highly efficient cascade nanozyme activity.The combination of Au@BaTiO3 and MOF-818 promoted fibroblast proliferation and migration,reduced intracellular ROS levels,and induced anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages under ultrasound stimulation.In vitro and in vivo antibacterial results disclosed that the nanocomposite hydrogel had excellent antibacterial activity under highintensity ultrasound stimulation.When applied to infected burn wounds,the nanocomposite hydrogel can rapidly sterilize the wound upon initial high-intensity ultrasound,and then reduce inflammation and promote M2 macrophage polarization by the following low-intensity ultrasound stimulation,and thus accelerating the healing by improving granulation tissue formation,angiogenesis,and collagen deposition.展开更多
Distinguishing the severity of burned skin from structural optical coherence tomography(OCT)intensity maps remains a challenging task,and functional imaging from an elastic perspective can improve the accuracy of burn...Distinguishing the severity of burned skin from structural optical coherence tomography(OCT)intensity maps remains a challenging task,and functional imaging from an elastic perspective can improve the accuracy of burned skin examination.As a functional extension of OCT,optical coherence elastography(OCE)can reveal the mechanical properties of samples while inheriting the imaging advantages of OCT.In this study,we used OCE to reveal the shear modulus and anisotropy parameters of burned skin before and after burning.A porcine skin burn model was constructed at a series of burned time durations and tested by elastic anisotropy imaging.Normal skin after hydration maintains good consistency in shear modulus.Interestingly,the shear modulus and longitudinal modulus of the burned skin show a tendency to stepwise increase with increasing burned times.A dataset was constructed by sampling the modulus parameters of burned skin maps through a scratch window,and its category was automatically identi¯ed by Kmeans and density peak clustering(DPC)algorithms with good agreement.The elastic anisotropy-based skin burn assessment method shows a prospect to be supplemented into the nondestructive means of burned skin examination.展开更多
Fire season affects the dynamic changes of post-fire vegetation communities and carbon emissions.Analyzing its global patterns supports understanding of the ecological impacts of fires and responses of fires to climat...Fire season affects the dynamic changes of post-fire vegetation communities and carbon emissions.Analyzing its global patterns supports understanding of the ecological impacts of fires and responses of fires to climate change.Meteorological variables have been widely used to quantify fire season in current studies.However,their results can not be used to assess climate impacts on the seasonality of fire activities.Here we utilized satellite-based Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)burned area data from 2001 to 2022 to identify global fire season types based on the number of peaks within a year.Using satellite data and innovatively processing the data to obtain a more accurate length of the fire season.We divided fire season types and examined the spatial distribution of fire season types across the Koppen-Geiger climate(KGC)zones.At a global scale,we identified three major fire season types,including unimodal(31.25%),bimodal(52.07%),and random(16.69%).The unimodal fire season primarily occurs in boreal and tropical regions lasting about 2.7 mon.In comparison,temperate ecosystems tend to have a longer fire season(3 mon)with two peaks throughout the year.The KGC zones show divergent contributions from the fire season types,indicating potential impacts of the climatic conditions on fire seasonality in these regions.展开更多
Background: Early excision and grafting has been the preferred method of managing major burns around the world since 1970. Considering the advances in health care and the development of new antibiotics over the past 5...Background: Early excision and grafting has been the preferred method of managing major burns around the world since 1970. Considering the advances in health care and the development of new antibiotics over the past 50 years, delayed grafting as a technique for the management of burns over 15%-20% of total body surface area (TBSA) could have comparable results to that of early excision. This study aims to highlight the outcomes of practicing delayed grafting in burn patients. Methods: A case series analysis was performed of 51 patients who were admitted to the burns unit in Sultan Qaboos Hospital Salalah with over 20% TBSA between January 2014 and December 2019. The patients received prophylactic antibiotics and silver sulphadiazine dressing until the burn eschar had completely separated, followed by grafting. Results: Two patients were lost during the entire duration of the study. The mortality rate was comparable to that of early excision, while the rate of hypertrophic scarring was lower than the range reported by other studies. Conclusion: In the management of patients with over 20% TBSA, delayed grafting after complete separation of eschar is still a valid technique.展开更多
The burning of crop residues in fields is a significant global biomass burning activity which is a key element of the terrestrial carbon cycle,and an important source of atmospheric trace gasses and aerosols.Accurate ...The burning of crop residues in fields is a significant global biomass burning activity which is a key element of the terrestrial carbon cycle,and an important source of atmospheric trace gasses and aerosols.Accurate estimation of cropland burned area is both crucial and challenging,especially for the small and fragmented burned scars in China.Here we developed an automated burned area mapping algorithm that was implemented using Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument(MSI)data and its effectiveness was tested taking Songnen Plain,Northeast China as a case using satellite image of 2020.We employed a logistic regression method for integrating multiple spectral data into a synthetic indicator,and compared the results with manually interpreted burned area reference maps and the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)MCD64A1 burned area product.The overall accuracy of the single variable logistic regression was 77.38%to 86.90%and 73.47%to 97.14%for the 52TCQ and 51TYM cases,respectively.In comparison,the accuracy of the burned area map was improved to 87.14%and 98.33%for the 52TCQ and 51TYM cases,respectively by multiple variable logistic regression of Sentind-2 images.The balance of omission error and commission error was also improved.The integration of multiple spectral data combined with a logistic regression method proves to be effective for burned area detection,offering a highly automated process with an automatic threshold determination mechanism.This method exhibits excellent extensibility and flexibility taking the image tile as the operating unit.It is suitable for burned area detection at a regional scale and can also be implemented with other satellite data.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-burn anxiety and depression affect considerably the quality of life and recovery of patients;however,limited research has demonstrated risk factors associated with the development of these conditions.A...BACKGROUND Post-burn anxiety and depression affect considerably the quality of life and recovery of patients;however,limited research has demonstrated risk factors associated with the development of these conditions.AIM To predict the risk of developing post-burn anxiety and depression in patients with non-mild burns using a nomogram model.METHODS We enrolled 675 patients with burns who were admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital,Hengyang Medical School,University of South China between January 2019 and January 2023 and met the inclusion criteria.These patients were randomly divided into development(n=450)and validation(n=225)sets in a 2:1 ratio.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors associated with post-burn anxiety and depression dia-gnoses,and a nomogram model was constructed.RESULTS Female sex,age<33 years,unmarried status,burn area≥30%,and burns on the head,face,and neck were independent risk factors for developing post-burn anxiety and depression in patients with non-mild burns.The nomogram model demonstrated predictive accuracies of 0.937 and 0.984 for anxiety and 0.884 and 0.923 for depression in the development and validation sets,respectively,and good predictive per-formance.Calibration and decision curve analyses confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram.CONCLUSION The nomogram model predicted the risk of post-burn anxiety and depression in patients with non-mild burns,facilitating the early identification of high-risk patients for intervention and treatment.展开更多
Introduction and Significance: Burn injury (BI) is a considerable health issue which is responsible for around 300,000 deaths and affecting about 11 million people every year worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence...Introduction and Significance: Burn injury (BI) is a considerable health issue which is responsible for around 300,000 deaths and affecting about 11 million people every year worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of BIs array from 112 to 518 per 100,000 per year. The appropriate awareness of performing first aid could facilitate to improve the outcomes of burns. Purpose and Objectives: To appraise the community that acknowledges burns, first aid, and associated factors among the community population in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia. The paper aims to identify limitations to encourage additional research and persuade legislators to develop improved burn-injury care recommendations and training programs. Materials and Methods: An observational-based sample survey was conducted among the people who live in Jazan City aging 13 years or more, during April 5 to May 5, 2023. Data collection was done by a validated online self-administrated questionnaire sent randomly to community members in different parts of Jazan City via social media platforms. Collected data were coded and cleaned by an excel program, and finally exported on SPSS 26.0 software. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Also, the Chi-square test was used to investigate the relation between different variables, with a significance value of P Results: This study included 243 participants (about 62%) among them were mostly male participants (151) having a university degree. The majority of participants 75% did not take any form of BFA training in the past. This study shows that 69.9% of the participants have inadequate awareness, despite 72% having a constructive attitude towards burn first aid. Previous burn-related first aid training was significantly associated with participants’ knowledge of BFA at a p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: This study indicates a high frequency of Jazan population having inadequate knowledge of burn first aid despite the high prevalence of a favorable attitude. There is a need to develop an effective nationwide burn prevention program and early burn first aid treatment in Saudi Arabia and promote a consistent guideline for burn first aid.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Devel-opment Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1500200)the funding project of Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geologi-cal Survey(Grant No.QCJJ2022-9)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Pro-gram of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28060100)the Youth Interdisciplinary Team Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(JCTD-2021-04)the Informatization Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.CAS-WX2021PY-0109)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41971078,42271375,72221002,42001378).
文摘China’s endeavors to mitigate recurrent crop residue burning(CRB)and improve air quality have yielded positive results owing to recent pollution prevention policies.Nonetheless,persistent challenges remain,particularly in the Northeast China(NEC),where low temperature complicates crop residue management.Here,we examined the effects of cropping pattern adjustment on variations of CRB patterns in NEC during 2001-2021,utilizing the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)burned area dataset,the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS)active fire dataset,and the high-accuracy crop planting area maps.Our results revealed an overall upward trend of 805.96 km^(2)/yr in NEC CRB from 2001 to 2021.The corn CRB area accounted for more than 50%of the total CRB area in each CRB-intensive year(2013-2021),and the increasing corn CRB generally aligns with the growing corn cultivation fields.A seasonal shift in CRB was found around 2017,with intensive CRB activities transitioning from both autumn and spring to primarily spring,particularly in the Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain.The changing trend of PM2.5 concentration aligned spatially with the shift.Moreover,the CRBs in spring of 2020 and 2021 were more severe than the major burning seasons in previous years,likely due to the disruptions during COVID-19 lockdowns.In certain years,the explanatory power of spring CRB on PM2.5 concentration was comparable to that of other natural factors,such as precipitation.This study underscores the critical need for sustained and region-specific strategies to tackle the challenges posed by CRBs.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the improvement effect of combined treatment of eschar abrasion, nanosilver dressing, and mussel mucin spray on wound healing in patients with second-degree burns, and to explore their effects on the expression level of (advanced glycation end products) AGEs in wound tissue, so as to provide a basis for the application of AGEs expression level in wound tissue in the future clinical treatment of second-degree burns. Methods: Patients with second-degree burns admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the research subjects. This study was a non-double-blind study, and both patients and researchers were aware of the treatment methods. They were randomly divided into Group A (control group) and Group B (study group). According to the order of their visits, the patients were numbered in advance;then the seed number was taken, and 70 random numbers were generated on the computer using SAS, the first 35 corresponding to group A, and the last 35 corresponding to group B;the random numbers were arranged from small to large, and the rank of the random numbers was the patient number;finally, the patient numbers were arranged from small to large, and the corresponding groups were the grouping scheme. 1) Wound healing time: The wound healing was observed every day, and the wound healing time was calculated when the wound was completely epithelialized. 2) Wound healing: The wound healing area was measured 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment, and transparent paper was used to record combined with a computer-assisted imaging system. Wound healing rate = wound healing area (cm2)/total wound area before treatment (cm2) × 100%. The time for complete wound healing was recorded in the two groups of patients. 3) Pain: The pain was evaluated at 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The higher the score, the more severe the pain. 4) Scar condition: Scar formation was evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after wound healing using the VAS scale, with a total score of 15 points. The higher the score, the more severe the scar. 5) Detect the expression of AGEs in wound tissue. Results: The wound healed 14.03 ± 2.28 days after eschar removal, with a cure rate of 97.8%. No infection occurred in the wound after eschar removal in all patients. The wound healing time ranged from 9 to 23 days, with an average healing time of 28.41 ± 1.45 days. The healing quality was satisfactory. The Vancouver Scar Scale scored the wound healing scar as 0.81 ± 0.73 points. Western blot was used to detect the expression of AGEs, (receptor for advanced glycation end products) RAGE, and protein in the wound tissue. Results After 7, 14, and 28 days of medication, the wounds of diabetic patients healed well. The drug treatment efficacy and hydroxyproline content showed an upward trend, and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1a proteins showed a downward trend. Compared with day 0, the hydroxyproline content of the wound granulation tissue on days 7, 14, and 28 was significantly increased (P< 0.01), and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1α proteins were significantly downregulated (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). Conclusion: Monitoring the expression levels of AGEs and RAGE can reflect the wound-healing effect of patients with second-degree burns, and the prognosis of the wound is closely related to the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and scab abrasion. In the treatment of second-degree burn wounds, scab abrasion can grasp the level of necrotic scab removal, can achieve “relatively accurate” removal of necrotic tissue, maximally protect the ecological tissue between wounds and retaining normal tissue, and can play a positive role in promoting the healing process of burn wounds;at the same time, nanosilver dressings have good antibacterial properties and high safety, and mussel mucin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and the characteristics of blocking nerve endings, which can effectively relieve the burning, stinging, and itching of sensitive skin and effectively promote wound healing.
文摘BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are common psychological reactions in teenagers with facial burns and have a significant impact on their rehabilitation and quality of life.AIM To analyze anxiety and depressive symptoms in teenagers with facial burns.METHODS We selected 50 young patients with facial burns who were treated at our hospital between October 2023 and October 2024.The Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were used to evaluate anxiety and depressive symptoms.Additionally,we evaluated patients'social support levels and self-esteem.Pearson's correlation analysis was used to evaluate factors related to depression and anxiety.RESULTS The overall average Hamilton Anxiety Scale score was 23.4±6.2,and 16(32%)and 34(68%)patients showed mild to moderate and moderate to severe anxiety,respectively.The overall average Beck Depression Inventory score was 18.7±7.5,and 23(46%)and 27(54%)patients had mild to moderate and moderate to severe depression,respectively.Furthermore,Pearson's correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between burn severity and anxiety(r=0.48,P<0.01)and depression(r=0.42,P<0.01)symptoms.Self-esteem scores and social support were significantly negatively correlated with anxiety(r=-0.55 and r=-0.40,respectively;P<0.01)and depression(r=-0.60 and r=-0.38,respectively;P<0.01 for both).CONCLUSION Adolescents with facial burns commonly experience anxiety and depressive symptoms,the severity of which is closely related to burn severity,social support,and self-esteem.
基金the Incubation Program of the General Hospital of the Western Theater Command,No.2021-XZYG-C29 and No.2021-XZYG-B32.
文摘BACKGROUND Burn wound management is challenging,and while mesenchymal stem cellderived exosomes show therapeutic potential,optimal delivery methods are unclear.AIM To study chitosan(CS)-αβ-glycerophosphate(CS-αβ-GP)hydrogel crosslinked with adipose-derived stem cell exosomes(ASC-Exos)for healing deep burn injuries.METHODS Rats with deep burn injuries were divided into the CS+ASCs-Exos group,the ASCs-Exos group,the CS group,and the control group.The healing rates on days 4,7,and 14 after treatment were analyzed using ImageJ software.On day 14,the tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining,Masson’s trichrome staining,and immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-1α,IL-10,transforming growth factorβ,and epidermal growth factor.The mRNA levels of IL-1α,CD86,C-C motif chemokine ligand 22,and CD163 were evaluated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS The CS+ASC-Exos group exhibited enhanced healing,reduced lymphocyte infiltration,blood vessels,and muscle fiber distribution.Increased IL-10,transforming growth factorβ,and epidermal growth factor and decreased tumor necrosis factorα,IL-1α,and IL-6 expression were observed.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed reduced IL-1αand CD86 and increased C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 and CD163 expression.Protein analysis showed downregulation of phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa Balpha and P65 in the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)pathway.ASC-Exos crosslinked with CS-αβ-GP hydrogel demonstrates superior effects in anti-inflammation,wound healing promotion,and promotion of M1 macrophage transformation to M2 macrophage by blocking the NF-κB pathway compared to ASC-Exos alone.CONCLUSION Our research demonstrates that the ASC-Exos cross-linked CS-αβ-GP hydrogel represents an advanced therapeutic approach for treating deep burn wounds.It has anti-inflammatory effects,promotes wound healing,and facilitates the transition of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages by blocking the NF-κB pathway.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.32471868,No.32001324)Youth Lift Project of China Association for Science and Technology(No.YESS20210370)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572023CT01)We thank the Grassland Bureau and the National Innovation Alliance of Wildland Fire Prevention and Control Technology of China for supporting this research.
文摘Prescribed burning is commonly used to maintain forest ecosystem functions and reduce the risk of future wildfires.Although many studies have investigated the response of microbial community to wildfires in forest ecosystems,the effects of prescribed burnings on soil microbial community structure are less studied.It is also unclear that how post-fire soil physiochemical properties changes affected soil microbial communities.Here,we studied the impacts of prescribed burning on soil microbiome in three typical temperate forests of northern China by collecting soil physicochemical and high-throughput sequencing for 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA was applied to analyze the diversity and community composition of soil microbes(bacteria and fungi).Compared with pre-fire condition,prescribed burning significantly decreased Chaol index and altered soil bacterial communities(P<0.05),whereas it had no significant effect on fungal diversity and community structure of the(P>0.05).Planctomycetes and Actinobacteria made the greatest contributions to the bacterial community dissimilarity between the pre-fire and post-fire conditions.The main variables influencing the post-fire soil microbial community structure are soil pH,available phosphorus,total nitrogen,and the ratio of soil total carbon to soil total nitrogen,which could account for 73.5% of the variation in the microbial community structure in these stands.Our findings demonstrated a great discrepancy in the responses of bacteria and fungi to prescribed burning.Prescribed burning altered the soil microbial structure by modifying the physicochemical properties.Our results pointed that it is essential to evaluate the impact of prescribed burnings on forest ecosystem functions.These findings provide an important baseline for assessing post-fire microbial recovery in the region and offer critical guidance for restoration efforts.
基金supported by the Ministry of Environment,Forest and Climate Change(Mo Fand CC),Government of India,under the NCAP-COALESCE project(No.14/10/2014-CC(Vol.II))。
文摘Over the past decade,biomass burning has emerged as one of the main polluting events in northern India.It is one of the major sources of brown carbon(Br C),the light-absorbing organic carbon component of PM_(2.5).Most studies on the impact of biomass burning in India are based on source locations or urban areas;very little is known about its effects on a regional background location.We examine the effect of biomass burning on regional air quality and co-occurring meteorological factors.Year-long PM_(2.5)levels and light absorption by carbonaceous aerosols at 880 nm and 370 nm were measured at Rohtak,a regional background location.Results showed that post-harvest biomass burning in the Punjab-Haryana region affects the regional air quality with a lead of one to two days.A comparison of dispersionnormalized concentrations showed that open-field biomass burning not only affects regional air quality in the post-monsoon season(kharif crops)but is also a dominant source of PM_(2.5)in the post-harvest summer season(rabi crop).A significant(p<0.05)difference is observed in PM_(2.5),b_(abs-880),and b_(abs-370)between biomass burning days and non-biomass burning days during the kharif and rabi harvest seasons.Regression analyses confirm that in summer,regional PM_(2.5)and light absorption by aerosols are influenced more strongly by post-harvest burning of rabi crops.However,adverse meteorology plays a more dominant role in the post-monsoon season than biomass burning.These findings underscore the need for better policy interventions to curb biomass burning and improve air quality during both harvest seasons.
文摘Straw burning has emerged as a persistent and multifaceted challenge within global agricultural systems,particularly across Asia,Africa,and Latin America.This review reframes straw burning not as an isolated behavioral issue,but as the outcome of interlinked structural,technological,and socio-cultural constraints embedded in modern agricultural transitions.Drawing on a synthesis of recent empirical studies,we identify four conceptual turning points that reshape the understanding of straw burning:the structural consequences of mechanization,the trade-offs between high-and low-tech solutions,the cultural legitimacy of burning practices,and the need for systems-based,climate-aligned management paradigms.The analysis reveals that interventions focusing solely on technical innovation often overlook the deeper institutional and cultural factors that sustain burning as a rational choice under constrained conditions.We advocate for hybrid,place-based strategies that combine accessible agronomic practices with long-term investments in infrastructure,policy alignment,and community engagement.Moving beyond fragmented solutions and adopting an integrated systems lens enables this study to contribute a forward-looking framework for sustainable straw management that is environmentally just,socially legitimate,and economically viable.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Defense(W81XWH-09-2-0194 for the pilot phase)the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(MCT-94834 for the pilot phase and 14238 for the definitive phase).
文摘Background:With advancements in burn treatment and intensive care leading to decreased mortality rates,a growing cohort of burn survivors is emerging.These individuals may be susceptible to frailty,characterized by reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors commonly associated with aging,which significantly complicates their recovery process.To date,no study has investigated burns as a potential risk factor for frailty.This study aimed to determine the short-term prevalence of frailty among burn survivors’months after injury and compare it with that of the general population.Methods:A post hoc analysis was conducted on the Randomized Trial of Enteral Glutamine to Minimize the Effects of Burn Injury(RE-ENERGIZE)trial,an international randomized-controlled trial involving 1200 burn injury patients with partial-or full-thickness burns.Participants who did not complete the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)questionnaire were excluded.Data for the general population were obtained from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey(NHIS).Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL(Fatigue,Resistance,Ambulation,Illness,Loss of weight)scale.Due to lack of data on loss of weight,for the purposes of this study,malnutrition was used as the fifth variable.Illness and malnutrition were based on admission data,while fatigue,resistance,and ambulation were determined from post-discharge responses to the SF-36.The burn cohort and general population groups were matched using propensity score matching and compared in terms of frailty status.Within the burn group,patients were divided into different subgroups based on their frailty status,and the differences in their(instrumental)activities of daily living(iADL and ADL)were compared.A multivariable analysis was performed within the burn cohort to identify factors predisposing to frailty as well as compromised iADL and ADL.Results:Out of the 1200 burn patients involved in the study,600 completed the required questionnaires[follow-up time:(5.5±2.3)months]and were matched to 1200 adults from the general population in the U.S.In comparison to the general population,burn patients exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of being pre-frail(42.3%vs.19.8%,P<0.0001),or frail(13.0%vs.1.0%,P<0.0001).When focusing on specific components,burn patients were more prone to experiencing fatigue(25.8%vs.13.5%,P<0.0001),limited resistance(34.0%vs.2.7%,P<0.0001),and restricted ambulation(41.8%vs.3.8%,P<0.0001).Conversely,the incidence rate of illness was observed to be higher in the general population(1.2%vs.2.8%,P=0.03),while no significant difference was detected regarding malnutrition(2.3%vs.2.6%,P=0.75).Furthermore,in comparison with robust burn patients,it was significantly more likely for pre-frail and frail patients to disclose compromise in ADL and iADL.The frail cohort reported the most pronounced limitation.Conclusions:Our findings suggest a higher incidence of post-discharge frailty among burn survivors in the short-term following injury.Burn survivors experience compromised fatigue,resistance,and ambulation,while rates of illness and malnutrition were lower or unchanged,respectively.These results underscore the critical need for early identification of frailty after a burn injury,with timely and comprehensive involvement of a multidisciplinary team including burn and pain specialists,community physicians,physiotherapists,nutritionists,and social workers.This collaborative effort can ensure holistic care to address and mitigate frailty in this patient population.
基金supported by the Open Subject of the State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices(Grant No.KF202209).
文摘We present a theoretical study of four-wave mixing(FWM)in a degenerate two-level atomic system subject to a magnetic field whose Zeeman sublevels constitute a tripod-type atomic system,which is driven by a linearly polarized field,and coupled and probed by two sets of left and right circularly polarized fields.The optical effects of coherent hole burning(CHB)and electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)are involved in the coherent system,among which the CHB has much larger response for the FWM than the EITs.Three situations of CHB are involved,and they are the solitary CHB,overlapped CHBs,and an overlap between CHB and EIT.The overlapped CHBs have the greatest magnitude of FWM signal among the three situations.Whereas,for the overlapped CHB and EIT,it has the smallest FWM magnitude,which is no more than one tenth of the former.While for the single CHB,the FWM magnitude is half of that of the overlapped CHBs.It is noted that,in the overlap between CHB and EIT,dual EIAs can be obtained,whose FWM signal also has an enhancement in comparison to no EIA.
基金supported by the Basic Research Key Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(No.202401AS070116)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21966016)。
文摘Biomass burning(BB)emits carbonaceous aerosols that significantly influence air quality in Southwest China during spring.To further understand the characteristics of spring BB and its original contribution to organic carbon(OC),daily fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))samples were collected from March to May 2022 in Pu'er,Southwest China.The concentrations of OC,elemental carbon(EC),levoglucosan(Lev),and potassium from BB(K+BB)during the study period ranged from 5.3 to 31.2μg/m^(3),0.86-13.1μg/m^(3),0.06-0.82μg/m^(3),and 0.05-2.88μg/m^(3),respectively.To eliminate the effects of Lev degradation,this study uses the Aging of Air Mass(AAM)index to correct the atmospheric concentration of Lev and combines Bayesian mixture modeling with a molecular tracer method to assess the original contribution of BB to OC.The results indicated that the AAM index was 0.18±0.05,indicating that the degradation of Lev reached 82%.When considering the degradation of levoglucosan in the atmosphere,the primary source of BB aerosols was crop-straw combustion(71.1%),followed by the combustion of certain hardwoods and softwoods(24.9%)and grasses(4.0%).The original contribution of BB to OC was 62.4%,which was much greater than the contribution when levoglucosan degradation(23.7%)was ignored.The air mass inverse trajectories and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)fire hotspots indicated that the BB plume from Southeast Asia during spring could influence PM_(2.5)long-range transport in remote locations,and the contribution could reach 82%in Southwest China.
基金funded by A stage achievement of the 2024 Hebei Provincial Higher Education English Teaching Reform Research and Practice Project(Key Project)entitled“Research and Practice on the Construction of Characteristic Courses for First-Class English Majors in the Context of Normal Universities”(Project No.2024YYJG007).
文摘From the perspective of literary stylistics,this paper explores the discourse styles and Chinese translation characteristics of Robert Burns’farewell poems.Burns’farewell poems mostly appear in three types:love poems,patriotic poems and animal poems,corresponding to the explicit,implicit and personified discourse styles.In the love farewell poems,the explicit ones express emotions directly by using words such as“farewell”;the implicit ones express emotions indirectly through the female perspective and the repetition of phrases.In the patriotic farewell poems,“farewell”and its phrases are used to express patriotism and the sentiment of separation.In the animal farewell poems,personification is used to endow animals with human nature,and images are used to imply death.When translating,the translator skillfully uses auxiliary words and adopts multiple translations for one word in dealing with explicit discourse;flexibly handles person and repeated phrases in implicit discourse;and conducts part-of-speech conversion and reproduces the rhythm in personified discourse.This study aims to explore how to understand the source text equivalently and express the ideas and styles of the source text appropriately,so as to achieve the standards of accuracy and vividness.
文摘Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of Moist Burn Ointment combined with rotating moxibustion on patients with pressure ulcers and deficiency of both Qi and blood.Methods:40 patients with pressure ulcers and deficiency of both Qi and blood were randomly divided into two groups from July 2024 to November 2025.Group A received Moist Burn Ointment combined with rotating moxibustion,while Group B received Moist Burn Ointment only.Results:Group A showed better efficacy,wound healing time,dressing change frequency,satisfaction,PUSH score,and adverse reaction indicators compared to Group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of Moist Burn Ointment and rotating moxibustion in the treatment of patients with pressure ulcers and deficiency of both Qi and blood can shorten wound healing time,reduce dressing change frequency,and alleviate the degree of pressure ulcers,which is safe and efficient.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12402445)the National Defense Foundation Stabilization Support Program(Grant No.JCKYS2024212108)the National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave Physics and Detonation Physics Foundation(Grant No.2024CXPTGFJJ06404)。
文摘Accurate characterization of three-dimensional burning crack propagation remains pivotal yet challenging for energetic material safety,as conventional diagnostics and models inadequately resolve coupled crack-pressure dynamics in confined explosives.This study combines a novel spherical confinement system(with/without sapphire windows)with synchronized high-speed imaging and 3D reconstruction to overcome optical limitations in opaque explosives.Experimental analysis of centrally ignited HMX-based PBX-1 reveals:(1)burning cracks propagate radially with equatorial acceleration and polar deceleration,(2)systematic formation of 3–4 dominant crack branches across geometries,and(3)pressure evolution exhibiting gradual accumulation(subsurface cracking)followed by exponential growth(surface burn-through),with decay governed by cavity expansion.Building on Hill's framework,we develop a model incorporating cavity volume and fracture toughness criteria,validated against PBX explosive(95%HMX-based)experiments.The model demonstrates improved prediction of pressure trends compared to prior approaches,particularly in resolving laminar-phase accumulation and crackinduced surge transitions.Results establish structural cavity volume as a critical modulator of measured pressure and reveal direction-dependent crack kinematics as fundamental features of constrained combustion.This work provides experimentally validated insights into mechanisms of reaction pressure development and burning cracks pathways during constrained PBX explosive combustion.
基金the National Key Re-search and Development Project of China(No.2023YFC2412600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52003216,82272155, 52403168)+3 种基金the Youth Project of Shaanxi Provin-cial Department of Science and Technology(Nos.2024JC-YBQN-0368,2024JC-YBQN-04502024JC-YBQN-0202)the High-Level Talents Program of Xi’an University of Science and Technology(No.2050122015)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022M712506,2024T170717).
文摘Treating severe burn wounds poses significant challenges,including considerable cell loss,excessive inflammation,and a high susceptibility to bacterial infections.Ideal burn dressings should exhibit excellent antibacterial properties,anti-inflammatory effects,and promote cell proliferation.Additionally,they need facilitate painless dressing changes and be user-friendly.Herein,we synthesized a thermosensitive hydrogel by crosslinking poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allyloxybenzaldehyde)(PNA)and amino-terminated Pluronic F127(APF)through a Schiffbase reaction.It exhibited reversible gelsol transition and spread-ability.By incorporating piezoelectric gold nanoparticle-modified barium titanate(Au@BaTiO3)and cas-cade antioxidant MOF-818,a nanocomposite hydrogel dressing with diverse bioactive functionalities was developed.Results demonstrated that the nanocomposite hydrogel possessed gel-sol transition properties,maintained a stable gel state within a broad temperature range,and desirable self-healing property.Au@BaTiO3 exhibited good piezoelectric properties and ROS generation upon ultrasound stimulation,while MOF-818 displayed highly efficient cascade nanozyme activity.The combination of Au@BaTiO3 and MOF-818 promoted fibroblast proliferation and migration,reduced intracellular ROS levels,and induced anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages under ultrasound stimulation.In vitro and in vivo antibacterial results disclosed that the nanocomposite hydrogel had excellent antibacterial activity under highintensity ultrasound stimulation.When applied to infected burn wounds,the nanocomposite hydrogel can rapidly sterilize the wound upon initial high-intensity ultrasound,and then reduce inflammation and promote M2 macrophage polarization by the following low-intensity ultrasound stimulation,and thus accelerating the healing by improving granulation tissue formation,angiogenesis,and collagen deposition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62375144 and 12404345)the Tianjin Foundation of Natural Science(No.22JCZDJC00160)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M731787)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University(No.63241331).
文摘Distinguishing the severity of burned skin from structural optical coherence tomography(OCT)intensity maps remains a challenging task,and functional imaging from an elastic perspective can improve the accuracy of burned skin examination.As a functional extension of OCT,optical coherence elastography(OCE)can reveal the mechanical properties of samples while inheriting the imaging advantages of OCT.In this study,we used OCE to reveal the shear modulus and anisotropy parameters of burned skin before and after burning.A porcine skin burn model was constructed at a series of burned time durations and tested by elastic anisotropy imaging.Normal skin after hydration maintains good consistency in shear modulus.Interestingly,the shear modulus and longitudinal modulus of the burned skin show a tendency to stepwise increase with increasing burned times.A dataset was constructed by sampling the modulus parameters of burned skin maps through a scratch window,and its category was automatically identi¯ed by Kmeans and density peak clustering(DPC)algorithms with good agreement.The elastic anisotropy-based skin burn assessment method shows a prospect to be supplemented into the nondestructive means of burned skin examination.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0606603)。
文摘Fire season affects the dynamic changes of post-fire vegetation communities and carbon emissions.Analyzing its global patterns supports understanding of the ecological impacts of fires and responses of fires to climate change.Meteorological variables have been widely used to quantify fire season in current studies.However,their results can not be used to assess climate impacts on the seasonality of fire activities.Here we utilized satellite-based Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)burned area data from 2001 to 2022 to identify global fire season types based on the number of peaks within a year.Using satellite data and innovatively processing the data to obtain a more accurate length of the fire season.We divided fire season types and examined the spatial distribution of fire season types across the Koppen-Geiger climate(KGC)zones.At a global scale,we identified three major fire season types,including unimodal(31.25%),bimodal(52.07%),and random(16.69%).The unimodal fire season primarily occurs in boreal and tropical regions lasting about 2.7 mon.In comparison,temperate ecosystems tend to have a longer fire season(3 mon)with two peaks throughout the year.The KGC zones show divergent contributions from the fire season types,indicating potential impacts of the climatic conditions on fire seasonality in these regions.
文摘Background: Early excision and grafting has been the preferred method of managing major burns around the world since 1970. Considering the advances in health care and the development of new antibiotics over the past 50 years, delayed grafting as a technique for the management of burns over 15%-20% of total body surface area (TBSA) could have comparable results to that of early excision. This study aims to highlight the outcomes of practicing delayed grafting in burn patients. Methods: A case series analysis was performed of 51 patients who were admitted to the burns unit in Sultan Qaboos Hospital Salalah with over 20% TBSA between January 2014 and December 2019. The patients received prophylactic antibiotics and silver sulphadiazine dressing until the burn eschar had completely separated, followed by grafting. Results: Two patients were lost during the entire duration of the study. The mortality rate was comparable to that of early excision, while the rate of hypertrophic scarring was lower than the range reported by other studies. Conclusion: In the management of patients with over 20% TBSA, delayed grafting after complete separation of eschar is still a valid technique.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42101414)Natural Science Found for Outstanding Young Scholars in Jilin Province(No.20230508106RC)。
文摘The burning of crop residues in fields is a significant global biomass burning activity which is a key element of the terrestrial carbon cycle,and an important source of atmospheric trace gasses and aerosols.Accurate estimation of cropland burned area is both crucial and challenging,especially for the small and fragmented burned scars in China.Here we developed an automated burned area mapping algorithm that was implemented using Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument(MSI)data and its effectiveness was tested taking Songnen Plain,Northeast China as a case using satellite image of 2020.We employed a logistic regression method for integrating multiple spectral data into a synthetic indicator,and compared the results with manually interpreted burned area reference maps and the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)MCD64A1 burned area product.The overall accuracy of the single variable logistic regression was 77.38%to 86.90%and 73.47%to 97.14%for the 52TCQ and 51TYM cases,respectively.In comparison,the accuracy of the burned area map was improved to 87.14%and 98.33%for the 52TCQ and 51TYM cases,respectively by multiple variable logistic regression of Sentind-2 images.The balance of omission error and commission error was also improved.The integration of multiple spectral data combined with a logistic regression method proves to be effective for burned area detection,offering a highly automated process with an automatic threshold determination mechanism.This method exhibits excellent extensibility and flexibility taking the image tile as the operating unit.It is suitable for burned area detection at a regional scale and can also be implemented with other satellite data.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology,Departmental Joint Fund,No.2023JJ60360.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-burn anxiety and depression affect considerably the quality of life and recovery of patients;however,limited research has demonstrated risk factors associated with the development of these conditions.AIM To predict the risk of developing post-burn anxiety and depression in patients with non-mild burns using a nomogram model.METHODS We enrolled 675 patients with burns who were admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital,Hengyang Medical School,University of South China between January 2019 and January 2023 and met the inclusion criteria.These patients were randomly divided into development(n=450)and validation(n=225)sets in a 2:1 ratio.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors associated with post-burn anxiety and depression dia-gnoses,and a nomogram model was constructed.RESULTS Female sex,age<33 years,unmarried status,burn area≥30%,and burns on the head,face,and neck were independent risk factors for developing post-burn anxiety and depression in patients with non-mild burns.The nomogram model demonstrated predictive accuracies of 0.937 and 0.984 for anxiety and 0.884 and 0.923 for depression in the development and validation sets,respectively,and good predictive per-formance.Calibration and decision curve analyses confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram.CONCLUSION The nomogram model predicted the risk of post-burn anxiety and depression in patients with non-mild burns,facilitating the early identification of high-risk patients for intervention and treatment.
文摘Introduction and Significance: Burn injury (BI) is a considerable health issue which is responsible for around 300,000 deaths and affecting about 11 million people every year worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of BIs array from 112 to 518 per 100,000 per year. The appropriate awareness of performing first aid could facilitate to improve the outcomes of burns. Purpose and Objectives: To appraise the community that acknowledges burns, first aid, and associated factors among the community population in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia. The paper aims to identify limitations to encourage additional research and persuade legislators to develop improved burn-injury care recommendations and training programs. Materials and Methods: An observational-based sample survey was conducted among the people who live in Jazan City aging 13 years or more, during April 5 to May 5, 2023. Data collection was done by a validated online self-administrated questionnaire sent randomly to community members in different parts of Jazan City via social media platforms. Collected data were coded and cleaned by an excel program, and finally exported on SPSS 26.0 software. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Also, the Chi-square test was used to investigate the relation between different variables, with a significance value of P Results: This study included 243 participants (about 62%) among them were mostly male participants (151) having a university degree. The majority of participants 75% did not take any form of BFA training in the past. This study shows that 69.9% of the participants have inadequate awareness, despite 72% having a constructive attitude towards burn first aid. Previous burn-related first aid training was significantly associated with participants’ knowledge of BFA at a p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: This study indicates a high frequency of Jazan population having inadequate knowledge of burn first aid despite the high prevalence of a favorable attitude. There is a need to develop an effective nationwide burn prevention program and early burn first aid treatment in Saudi Arabia and promote a consistent guideline for burn first aid.
