Genetic type of basement granite from volcanic arc in the north of West Burma Block is S-type granites, which developed in volcanic arc of convergent plate margins. The results yield a group of weighted mean ^206pb/^2...Genetic type of basement granite from volcanic arc in the north of West Burma Block is S-type granites, which developed in volcanic arc of convergent plate margins. The results yield a group of weighted mean ^206pb/^238U ages at 102±0.81 Ma （MSWD=0.23）, which show similarity to 93.7±3.4 Ma in the northern part of sampling points and 105±2 Ma in the southern part of sampling points, indicating continuous development of volcanic arc in the north of West Burma Block and subsequent granitic intrusion of late Early Cretaceous. The apatite fission track age of the samples is 22.72±3 Ma, thermal history modeling reveals that the volcanic arc in the north of West Burma Block went through two main stages in the process of uplift-cooling since Cenozoic： rapid uplifting and cooling from Late Oligocene to Early Miocene （29±1 to 20±1 Ma） and slow uplifting and cooling since Early Pliocene （4.2±1 Ma）.展开更多
Accurately characterizing the threedimensional geometric contacts between the crust of the Chinese mainland and adjacent regions is important for understanding the dynamics of this part of Asia from the viewpoint of g...Accurately characterizing the threedimensional geometric contacts between the crust of the Chinese mainland and adjacent regions is important for understanding the dynamics of this part of Asia from the viewpoint of global plate systems. In this pa per, a method is introduced to investigate the geometric contacts between the Eurasian and Indian plates at the Burma arc sub duction zone using earthquake source parameters based on the Slabl.0 model of Hayes et al. （2009, 2010）. The distribution of earthquake focus depths positioned in 166 sections along the Burma Arc subduction zone boundary has been investigated. Linear plane fitting and curved surface fitting has been performed on each section. Threedimensional geometric contacts and the extent of subduction are defined quantitatively. Finally, the focal depth distribution is outlined for six typical sections along the Burma arc subduction zone, combining focal mechanisms with background knowledge of geologic structure. Possible dy namic interaction patterns are presented and discussed. This paper provides an elementary method for studying the geometric contact of the Chinese mainland crust with adjacent plates and serves as a global reference for dynamic interactions between plates and related geodynamic investigations.展开更多
A decade after the 1955 Bandung Conference, China and Japan engaged in a competition for technological exports to Burma.1During this process, technocrats in Beijing and Tokyo mobilized non-governmental collaborators—...A decade after the 1955 Bandung Conference, China and Japan engaged in a competition for technological exports to Burma.1During this process, technocrats in Beijing and Tokyo mobilized non-governmental collaborators—local Chinese industrialists and Japanese businesses seeking overseas expansion—as proxies to maximize their technological output to Burma. The Burmese, on the other hand, used the competition between Beijing and Tokyo as a bargaining tool, and pressed the two regional powers to provide at Rangoon's request. The technical aid Burma received was also affected by its shifting visions for development. Factionalist struggles between 1958 and 1962 changed not only Burma's political landscape but also its leadership's mind-set regarding the economy: the nation moved away from aid-driven industrial modernization towards a self-reliant, agricultural economy based on limited foreign technologies.Consequently, the meaning of the term ‘technological aid’, though used throughout the decade, became flexible and indistinct, carrying vastly different connotations at different stages of the Burmese state-building process. In this way, Burma's experience as an aid-receiving country in Cold War Asia may speak to the flexible power dynamics between the aiding and the aided countries, and shed light on the diversified means through which states employed science and technology as diplomatic tools in Cold War competition.展开更多
The British army was forced to withdraw from Burma in early 1942,and the Allies reoccupied Burma in 1945.The British Empire tried to rebuild its colonial rule in Burma and imposed military control on Burma.In May 1945...The British army was forced to withdraw from Burma in early 1942,and the Allies reoccupied Burma in 1945.The British Empire tried to rebuild its colonial rule in Burma and imposed military control on Burma.In May 1945,a white book on Burma policy(1944-1945 Burma.Statement of Policy by His Majesty's Government)was issued.Meanwhile,the Burmese people kept striving for independence and finally gained their independence peacefully on January 4,1948.The British regarded this as the"Burma Mode".This history is also the main content of post-war Burma's historical development.The British decolonization of Burma also marked the process of the collapse and transformation of the British Empire,as well as the adjustment and expansion of the British Commonwealth.展开更多
This paper studies several travel accounts featuring transcultural and transnational experiences in the Yunnan-Burma borderlands where the British, Chinese, French and various indigenous peoples encountered each other...This paper studies several travel accounts featuring transcultural and transnational experiences in the Yunnan-Burma borderlands where the British, Chinese, French and various indigenous peoples encountered each other, including Yangwentun xiaoyin, an anonymous ＂ballad＂ circulated in late Qing and Republican Yunnan, Ai Wu＇s （1904-92） early fiction based upon his wanderings in Yunnan and Burma from 1925 to 1931, and Xiao Qian＇s （1910-99） utopian ＂travelogue＂ featuring a European couple＇s futuristic travel to the area. These writings illustrate the intersection of issues of nation, ethnicity, and gender, which are intertwined with the discourse of barbarism： On the one hand, their authors often express anxiety over threats to China＇s dominance in this area; on the other, frequently resorting to the discourse of barbarism, these accounts, tinged with Sino-centrism, often exoticize and barbarize other cultures, particularly indigenous groups. The eroticized and racialized female body constitutes a privileged site of representation in these writings： On the one hand, travel writings often make a distinction between Han Chinese women and indigenous women, treating the latter as exotic, seductive, dangerous, and/or primitive; on the other hand, as the need to build a strong, modernized multi-ethnic nation became increasingly urgent, Republican authors began to ＂universalize＂ the female body, Chinese or indigenous, treating both as threatened and exploited by the Western ＂newcomer,＂ and thus are （potential） allies sharing a nationalist, anti-imperialist cause.展开更多
The anuran family Ceratobatrachidae is one of the most speciose groups of amphibians,but the geographic distributions of many genera and species await documentation.During the field survey of Tongbiguan Provincial Nat...The anuran family Ceratobatrachidae is one of the most speciose groups of amphibians,but the geographic distributions of many genera and species await documentation.During the field survey of Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve in southwestern Yunnan Province,China,at the China-Myanmar border region,we collected several frogs that resemble the genus Alcalus,which was previously known from Indochina only.Based on mitochondrial phylogeny,our newly collected specimens are sister to Alcalus fontinalis Boruah,Narayanan,Gerard,Das,and Deepak,2023 from Northeast India,but it differs from the latter by a suit of characters,including in differences in body size,head length,snout length,tympanum diameter,eye diameter,forearm length,toe webbing formula,relative length of fingers and toes,and dorsal pattern and coloration.Herein,based on the integration of morphological and genetic data,we report the genus Alcalus from China for the first time and describe a new species from China-Myanmar border region.Our study further demonstrates that southern section of the Gaoligong Mountain has a rich diversity of amphibians that warrant continuous survey efforts.Future fieldwork in these mountains is needed to better understand and fully uncover the species richness in this border region.展开更多
The Andaman Islands,part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot,holds unique florawith many endemic and threatened species.However,this fragile diversity is under increasing pressure from infrastructure expansion,clim...The Andaman Islands,part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot,holds unique florawith many endemic and threatened species.However,this fragile diversity is under increasing pressure from infrastructure expansion,climate change and habitat fragmentation.The recently announced Great Nicobar Island Development project by the Government of India,which includes an international transhipment terminal,airport,township and power plant,if implemented,would cause major habitat loss and fragmentation,possibly leading to species extinctions.展开更多
基金supported by the Major National Science and Technology Programs in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period(No. 2011ZX05030-002-003)the Major National Science and Technology Programs in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period(No. 2008ZX05030-02-03-01)the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Min-istry of Education, China (No. TPR-2011-07)
文摘Genetic type of basement granite from volcanic arc in the north of West Burma Block is S-type granites, which developed in volcanic arc of convergent plate margins. The results yield a group of weighted mean ^206pb/^238U ages at 102±0.81 Ma （MSWD=0.23）, which show similarity to 93.7±3.4 Ma in the northern part of sampling points and 105±2 Ma in the southern part of sampling points, indicating continuous development of volcanic arc in the north of West Burma Block and subsequent granitic intrusion of late Early Cretaceous. The apatite fission track age of the samples is 22.72±3 Ma, thermal history modeling reveals that the volcanic arc in the north of West Burma Block went through two main stages in the process of uplift-cooling since Cenozoic： rapid uplifting and cooling from Late Oligocene to Early Miocene （29±1 to 20±1 Ma） and slow uplifting and cooling since Early Pliocene （4.2±1 Ma）.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Plan Project (Grant No.2012BAK19B01-04)
文摘Accurately characterizing the threedimensional geometric contacts between the crust of the Chinese mainland and adjacent regions is important for understanding the dynamics of this part of Asia from the viewpoint of global plate systems. In this pa per, a method is introduced to investigate the geometric contacts between the Eurasian and Indian plates at the Burma arc sub duction zone using earthquake source parameters based on the Slabl.0 model of Hayes et al. （2009, 2010）. The distribution of earthquake focus depths positioned in 166 sections along the Burma Arc subduction zone boundary has been investigated. Linear plane fitting and curved surface fitting has been performed on each section. Threedimensional geometric contacts and the extent of subduction are defined quantitatively. Finally, the focal depth distribution is outlined for six typical sections along the Burma arc subduction zone, combining focal mechanisms with background knowledge of geologic structure. Possible dy namic interaction patterns are presented and discussed. This paper provides an elementary method for studying the geometric contact of the Chinese mainland crust with adjacent plates and serves as a global reference for dynamic interactions between plates and related geodynamic investigations.
文摘A decade after the 1955 Bandung Conference, China and Japan engaged in a competition for technological exports to Burma.1During this process, technocrats in Beijing and Tokyo mobilized non-governmental collaborators—local Chinese industrialists and Japanese businesses seeking overseas expansion—as proxies to maximize their technological output to Burma. The Burmese, on the other hand, used the competition between Beijing and Tokyo as a bargaining tool, and pressed the two regional powers to provide at Rangoon's request. The technical aid Burma received was also affected by its shifting visions for development. Factionalist struggles between 1958 and 1962 changed not only Burma's political landscape but also its leadership's mind-set regarding the economy: the nation moved away from aid-driven industrial modernization towards a self-reliant, agricultural economy based on limited foreign technologies.Consequently, the meaning of the term ‘technological aid’, though used throughout the decade, became flexible and indistinct, carrying vastly different connotations at different stages of the Burmese state-building process. In this way, Burma's experience as an aid-receiving country in Cold War Asia may speak to the flexible power dynamics between the aiding and the aided countries, and shed light on the diversified means through which states employed science and technology as diplomatic tools in Cold War competition.
文摘The British army was forced to withdraw from Burma in early 1942,and the Allies reoccupied Burma in 1945.The British Empire tried to rebuild its colonial rule in Burma and imposed military control on Burma.In May 1945,a white book on Burma policy(1944-1945 Burma.Statement of Policy by His Majesty's Government)was issued.Meanwhile,the Burmese people kept striving for independence and finally gained their independence peacefully on January 4,1948.The British regarded this as the"Burma Mode".This history is also the main content of post-war Burma's historical development.The British decolonization of Burma also marked the process of the collapse and transformation of the British Empire,as well as the adjustment and expansion of the British Commonwealth.
文摘This paper studies several travel accounts featuring transcultural and transnational experiences in the Yunnan-Burma borderlands where the British, Chinese, French and various indigenous peoples encountered each other, including Yangwentun xiaoyin, an anonymous ＂ballad＂ circulated in late Qing and Republican Yunnan, Ai Wu＇s （1904-92） early fiction based upon his wanderings in Yunnan and Burma from 1925 to 1931, and Xiao Qian＇s （1910-99） utopian ＂travelogue＂ featuring a European couple＇s futuristic travel to the area. These writings illustrate the intersection of issues of nation, ethnicity, and gender, which are intertwined with the discourse of barbarism： On the one hand, their authors often express anxiety over threats to China＇s dominance in this area; on the other, frequently resorting to the discourse of barbarism, these accounts, tinged with Sino-centrism, often exoticize and barbarize other cultures, particularly indigenous groups. The eroticized and racialized female body constitutes a privileged site of representation in these writings： On the one hand, travel writings often make a distinction between Han Chinese women and indigenous women, treating the latter as exotic, seductive, dangerous, and/or primitive; on the other hand, as the need to build a strong, modernized multi-ethnic nation became increasingly urgent, Republican authors began to ＂universalize＂ the female body, Chinese or indigenous, treating both as threatened and exploited by the Western ＂newcomer,＂ and thus are （potential） allies sharing a nationalist, anti-imperialist cause.
基金supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2022YFC2602500)Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China (2021FY100203)+8 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 32100371,32400374)Program of Yunnan Forestry and Grassland Administration (2022GF258D-10)Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects (202301AT070312,202301AT070431)Talent and Platform of Science and Technology in Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department (202205AM070007)China’s Biodiversity Observation Network (Sino-BON)the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,CAS (Large Research Infrastructure Funding)CAS Special Research Assistant (SRA) ProgramYunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program (Yunling Scholar Project & Young Talent Project)Small Grants Program for New Records and Rediscoveries of Rare Species initiated by Tencent Foundation and Shanshui Conservation Center。
文摘The anuran family Ceratobatrachidae is one of the most speciose groups of amphibians,but the geographic distributions of many genera and species await documentation.During the field survey of Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve in southwestern Yunnan Province,China,at the China-Myanmar border region,we collected several frogs that resemble the genus Alcalus,which was previously known from Indochina only.Based on mitochondrial phylogeny,our newly collected specimens are sister to Alcalus fontinalis Boruah,Narayanan,Gerard,Das,and Deepak,2023 from Northeast India,but it differs from the latter by a suit of characters,including in differences in body size,head length,snout length,tympanum diameter,eye diameter,forearm length,toe webbing formula,relative length of fingers and toes,and dorsal pattern and coloration.Herein,based on the integration of morphological and genetic data,we report the genus Alcalus from China for the first time and describe a new species from China-Myanmar border region.Our study further demonstrates that southern section of the Gaoligong Mountain has a rich diversity of amphibians that warrant continuous survey efforts.Future fieldwork in these mountains is needed to better understand and fully uncover the species richness in this border region.
基金supported by the Global Genome Initiative for Gardens(GGI-Gardens Award),United States Botanic Garden and Botanic Gardens Conservation International,United Kingdom(Grant No.GGI/2024/1).
文摘The Andaman Islands,part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot,holds unique florawith many endemic and threatened species.However,this fragile diversity is under increasing pressure from infrastructure expansion,climate change and habitat fragmentation.The recently announced Great Nicobar Island Development project by the Government of India,which includes an international transhipment terminal,airport,township and power plant,if implemented,would cause major habitat loss and fragmentation,possibly leading to species extinctions.
