Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the...Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the application of TVMDs for seismic response control of industrial buildings coupled with mechanical equipment.Therefore,this study proposes ungrounded and grounded TVMDs to effectively utilize the mass of the mechanical equipment and fully exploit the capabilities of the inerter element.An optimal design methodology is developed by pursuing the maximum effective damping ratio and seeking the most rational TVMD control scheme.Validation of TVMD control performance is conducted through time-history analysis based on 20 real seismic ground motions recommended by ATC-40,and by providing a barrel mixer industrial building as a real-life numerical example.The results show that both an ungrounded and grounded TVMD can effectively mitigate the seismic response of the primary structure.Compared to the traditional tuned mass damper(TMD),TVMDs can obtain improved control performance for a given equipment mass ratio.Moreover,an ungrounded TVMD and a TMD show similar working mechanisms that tend to release the displacement of equipment to keep their optimal state,whereas equipment displacement for a grounded TVMD should be strictly limited to provide sufficient anti-force.展开更多
This research focuses on using BIM modeling optimization to control construction-period risks in the pre-construction stage of industrial factory buildings.It analyzes common risk factors and limitations of traditiona...This research focuses on using BIM modeling optimization to control construction-period risks in the pre-construction stage of industrial factory buildings.It analyzes common risk factors and limitations of traditional approaches.BIM-based methods like collision detection,4D simulation,multi-dimensional data integration,etc.,can effectively mitigate risks.Stakeholder collaboration,digital twin testing,and lean BIM integration is also crucial.Case studies show BIM can reduce risks by 32-41%,with a three phase roadmap provided.展开更多
The paper analyzes the definite place of industrial building in the history of urban development. Due to the development of urban economy and the transition of the traditional industrial structure, many historic citie...The paper analyzes the definite place of industrial building in the history of urban development. Due to the development of urban economy and the transition of the traditional industrial structure, many historic cities and towns both at home and abroad have witnessed a large scale "demolition" and abandonment of industrial buildings in urban renewal during last 30 years. Consequently, it has been leading to the discontinuity of urban cultural and historic context. The paper discusses and expounds the clas...展开更多
Description Journal of Building Energy Efficiency(monthly),initiated in October 2006,supplies a platform for architects,mechanical engineers,civil engineers,energy researchers,energy policy makers and building industr...Description Journal of Building Energy Efficiency(monthly),initiated in October 2006,supplies a platform for architects,mechanical engineers,civil engineers,energy researchers,energy policy makers and building industry to communicate on investigations,innovation,research and development of energy efficiency in buildings.The Journal has been classified into the“Catalog of High-quality Sci-Tech Journals of Building Science(2020,T3)”by the Architectural Society of China(ASC),certificated as the“Source Journal for Chinese Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations”by Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China(ISTIC)since 2013 and the“China Core Academic Journal of RCCSE”by Library of Wuhan University and other cooperating institutes since 2014.展开更多
Description Journal of Building Energy Efficiency(monthly),initiated in October 2006,supplies a platform for architects,mechanicalengineers,civil engineers,energy researchers,energy policy makers and building industry...Description Journal of Building Energy Efficiency(monthly),initiated in October 2006,supplies a platform for architects,mechanicalengineers,civil engineers,energy researchers,energy policy makers and building industry to communicate on investigations,innovation,research and development of energy efficiency in buildings.The Journal has been classified into the“Catalog of High-quality Sci-Tech Journals of Building Science(2020,T3)”by the Architectural Society of China(ASC),certificated as the“Source Journal for Chinese Scientificand Technical Papers and Citations”by Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China(ISTIC)since 2013and the“China Core Academic Journal of RCCSE”by Library of Wuhan University and other cooperating institutes since 2014.展开更多
Description Journal of Building Energy Efficiency(monthly),initiated in October 2006,supplies a platform for architects,mechanical engineers,civil engineers,energy researchers,energy policy makers and building industr...Description Journal of Building Energy Efficiency(monthly),initiated in October 2006,supplies a platform for architects,mechanical engineers,civil engineers,energy researchers,energy policy makers and building industry to communicate on investigations,innovation,research and development of energy efficiency in buildings.The Journal has been classified into the“Catalog of High-quality Sci-Tech Journals of Building Science(2020,T3)”by the Architectural Society of China(ASC),certificated as the“Source Journal for Chinese Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations”by Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China(ISTIC)since 2013 and the“China Core Academic Journal of RCCSE”by Library of Wuhan University and other cooperating institutes since 2014.展开更多
Based on the national strategy of"new urbanization",from the perspective of urban and rural integration,industrial interaction,economy and intensification,this paper proposes to vigorously promote the indust...Based on the national strategy of"new urbanization",from the perspective of urban and rural integration,industrial interaction,economy and intensification,this paper proposes to vigorously promote the industrialization planning of urban and rural housing based on SI system,do a good job in the production of building structural parts from the perspective of building industrialization,extend to the internal filling parts,and do a good job in the internal filling system from the perspective of housing industrialization.At the moment of"Rural Revitalization"strategy,we should first develop the SI system multi-storey industrialized housing to meet the needs of rural areas.At the same time,we put forward the development path of China's urban and rural housing industrialization.展开更多
In most of the world’s building material industries,the control of flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant.However,given the large capacity and high contribution of China’s building materials indust...In most of the world’s building material industries,the control of flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant.However,given the large capacity and high contribution of China’s building materials industry to global air pollution,the need to develop multipollutant emission reduction technology is urgent.Recently,China has focused on reducing the emissions of flue gas pollutants in the building materials industry,established many key research and development projects,and gradually implemented more stringent pollutant emission limits.This project focuses on the most recent advances in flue gas emission control technology in China’s building materials industry,including denitration,dust removal,desulfurization,synergistic multi-pollutant emission reduction,and the construction of pilot research and demonstration projects for pollutant removal in several building material industries.On this basis,revised pollutant limits in flue gas emitted in China’s building material industry are proposed.展开更多
With the progress of urbanization in China,the pace of urban renewal is accelerating.Various factors have prompted the transformation of industrial buildings in the city.Following the transformation,old industrial bui...With the progress of urbanization in China,the pace of urban renewal is accelerating.Various factors have prompted the transformation of industrial buildings in the city.Following the transformation,old industrial buildings have shown a new look with diversification and modernization.This article briefly describes contemporary China.The background of industrial building renovation and the analysis of the redevelopment and utilization modes as well as renovation strategies in conjunction with case studies provide a summary and enlightenment for the renovation of industrial heritage buildings in the city.展开更多
Thanks to the efforts on prospecting and exploiting of salt lakes,new cities and towns have grown up in Qaidam Basin,which used to be untraversed deserts and saline and alkaline lands.And these progress have made great
The aim of this paper is to define the nature, present the possibilities, and discuss the problems of using human resource controlling in small and medium-sized building companies. This paper is based on the assumptio...The aim of this paper is to define the nature, present the possibilities, and discuss the problems of using human resource controlling in small and medium-sized building companies. This paper is based on the assumption that expedient human resource controlling is an effective human resource management tool that achieves the required performance of employees and expected competitiveness of a building company. This paper uses the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in November 2013 to analyze human resource management in building companies in the Czech Republic and specify the organization and conditions of human resource management. Some 81 small （less than 50 employees） and 66 medium-sized （50-249 employees） building companies operating in the Czech Republic took part in the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey showed the lack of concept and random nature of human resource management in most small and medium-sized building companies. Of course, in terms of the present economic trend, it is above all important for small and medium-sized companies to develop their adaptability to the building market and to be able to deal with a variety of construction works. It is effective human resource management supported by expedient human resources that serves this purpose.展开更多
This paper summarizes the results of the international questionnaire survey which took place at the start of 2013 in order to examine, judge, and compare the implemented concept and procedures of human resource manage...This paper summarizes the results of the international questionnaire survey which took place at the start of 2013 in order to examine, judge, and compare the implemented concept and procedures of human resource management in the questioned building companies operating in the Visegrad Four countries （the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and the Slovak Republic） and the Federal Republic of Germany, and proposes an optimal approach to human resource management in the context of the current and expected economic development. The questionnaire survey was based on the assumption that effective human resource management is a condition of the successful function of each building company and that human resource management is that area of management which distinguishes the successful building companies from the unsuccessful ones. In total, 202 companies from the Czech Republic, 105 companies from Hungary, 100 companies from Poland, 102 companies from the Slovak Republic, and 99 companies from the Federal Republic of Germany took part in the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that among the building companies questioned in individual countries, there was no substantial difference in the overall concept and in the partial procedures of human resource management. The implemented concept and procedures in the questioned building companies show significant merits and surprising shortcomings, whereas it is difficult to prove an unequivocal connection between the efficiency of human resource management and the success of building companies. This relationship is determined by a series of other political, economic, legal, social, cultural, technical, demographic, and natural effects which are not related to the efficiency of human resource management or to the performance of the workforce of building companies.展开更多
Iron ＆ Steel Industry China＇s outputs of crude steel, steel products, coke and ferrous alloys in 2012 were 716.54 million tons （up 3.1% YOY）, 051.86 million tons （up 7.7% YOY）, 443.23 million tons （up 5.2% YOY...Iron ＆ Steel Industry China＇s outputs of crude steel, steel products, coke and ferrous alloys in 2012 were 716.54 million tons （up 3.1% YOY）, 051.86 million tons （up 7.7% YOY）, 443.23 million tons （up 5.2% YOY） and 31.29 million tons （up 15% YOY）,展开更多
China’s building materials industry experienced great development in 1993 with rapid increases in production and record output and profits. The industry produced 360 million tons of cement, 96.163 million cases of pl...China’s building materials industry experienced great development in 1993 with rapid increases in production and record output and profits. The industry produced 360 million tons of cement, 96.163 million cases of plate glass, 20.4 million pieces of sanitation ceramics and 173 million square metres of construction ceramics, showing rises of 12.89, 12.83, 123.8 and 127 percent respectively over the previous year. The output of cement and展开更多
The current study investigated the value and significance of the existence of the old industrial buildings, as well as the necessity and difficulty to renovate the design. Combined with successful cases, this study an...The current study investigated the value and significance of the existence of the old industrial buildings, as well as the necessity and difficulty to renovate the design. Combined with successful cases, this study analyzed and showed that one should not only deal with the relationship between the original architectural style and construction of modem cities in the process of renovation design of the old industrial building space. More attention should also be paid to create new space to meet the functional requirements of the modem features, and then complete substantial renovation of old industrial building space through the innovative design. In the use of aesthetic innovative design for the renovation of the old industrial building space, people must respect the space of old industrial buildings as the prerequisite of the renovation design. It is needed to expound the local space reconstruction methods and design principles respectively on the basis of respect. And then one should grasp the whole space and make the structured design and reasonable use according to the new space functional requirements of different functional areas. This paper attempted to learn from environmental art study on the renovation of old industrial buildings space and in terms of innovative design. The authors explored the innovative thinking on the renovation design of old industrial building space through the analysis of the reality.展开更多
Since 1994, a vigourous development has emerged in China’s construction thanks to the remarkable progress of our economicreform and the continuous, stable and healthy growth of the national economy The national key c...Since 1994, a vigourous development has emerged in China’s construction thanks to the remarkable progress of our economicreform and the continuous, stable and healthy growth of the national economy The national key construction projects have been speeded up with the improved completion of investment plans and capital funds, compared to 1993. The macro control of real estate has展开更多
Tender price indices (TPI) remain an optimum process for predicting tender prices. There have been several indices’ developments in the Ghanaian Building Industry (GBI) to help in cost management practices, for insta...Tender price indices (TPI) remain an optimum process for predicting tender prices. There have been several indices’ developments in the Ghanaian Building Industry (GBI) to help in cost management practices, for instance, building cost indices, and material indices among others. Notwithstanding, there are no indices for forecasting tender price at the design stage of building projects in the Ghanaian Building Industry. The motivation of this study is to develop tender price indices that would facilitate easy prediction of the initial cost of building projects. Through a thorough literature review and secondary data collection, the index was formulated using Laspeyres with Excel spreadsheet for the actual index. The variables considered include preliminaries and measured work sections which include the substructure, concrete work, reinforcement, masonry, lining/sheathing, window/door/stairs, metalwork, surface finishes, sanitary appliances/fitting and electrical supply/power light system of the Bills of Quantities. The finding of the study shows that on average there is a change in price of about 4.42 per cent within the eight-year period from 2008 to 2016. The study has developed tender price indices for the Ghanaian Building industry for the facilitation of the easy prediction of the tender prices at the initial design stage, however, the indices have an error margin of ±3. The development of these indices will serve as the basis for further development of other indices in GBI such as locational indices and value-based indices for effective cost management practices.展开更多
In 2013, China＇s outputs of cement and flat glass were 2. 414 billion tons and 778.98 million weight cases, increasing by 9.6% and 11.2% YOY, respectively.
JC 497-92 (96)1 Contents and Applied ScopeThis standard specifies the classification, shapes and dimensions, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and qualit...JC 497-92 (96)1 Contents and Applied ScopeThis standard specifies the classification, shapes and dimensions, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and quality certificate of direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for building materials industry. This standard is applicable to the direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for cement kiln, glass melting tank and other industrial furnaces.2 Normative ReferencesGB 2997: Test method for the apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density and true porosity of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5070: Chemical analysis method for magnesite-Chrome refractoriesGB 5072: Test method for cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5989: Test method for refractoriness under load of dense shaped refractory products (Differential, with rising temperature)GB 7320: Test method for thermal expansion of refractory productsGB 7321: Sample preparation for testing of dense shaped refractory productsGB 10324: Type definition of refractory productsGB 10325: Piling, sampling, acceptance, storage and transportation of refractory products展开更多
This paper describes economical strategies to design blast resistant electrical substations and control buildings that are commonly used at industrial plants.Limited literature addressed design aspects for this class ...This paper describes economical strategies to design blast resistant electrical substations and control buildings that are commonly used at industrial plants.Limited literature addressed design aspects for this class of buildings.Furthermore,little guidelines are available in practice to regulate this type of steel construction.The first part of the paper overviews the architectural and structural layouts of electrical buildings.Blast resistance requirements for occupied control buildings are also discussed.Simplified multiple degrees of freedom(MDOF)dynamic model is also illustrated that can be utilized for analysis of the blast resistant buildings.The economical aspects and cost savings resulting in using mobile blast resistant buildings are discussed.The article also highlights the engineering challenges that are encountered in design of mobile electrical facilities.The transportation procedure and design requirements are briefly described.Guidelines are proposed to calculate the center of mass of the building combined with interior equipment.The proposed design concept for electrical and control buildings is cost effective and can be implemented in industry to reduce projects cost.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52408327 and 52278306Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.2022SK2096+3 种基金Science and Technology Progress and Innovation Project of the Department of Transportation of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.201912Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.2024JJ6198Scientific Research Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.25A0645Emergency Management Science and Technology Project of the Emergency Management Department of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.yjtkjxm_202406。
文摘Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the application of TVMDs for seismic response control of industrial buildings coupled with mechanical equipment.Therefore,this study proposes ungrounded and grounded TVMDs to effectively utilize the mass of the mechanical equipment and fully exploit the capabilities of the inerter element.An optimal design methodology is developed by pursuing the maximum effective damping ratio and seeking the most rational TVMD control scheme.Validation of TVMD control performance is conducted through time-history analysis based on 20 real seismic ground motions recommended by ATC-40,and by providing a barrel mixer industrial building as a real-life numerical example.The results show that both an ungrounded and grounded TVMD can effectively mitigate the seismic response of the primary structure.Compared to the traditional tuned mass damper(TMD),TVMDs can obtain improved control performance for a given equipment mass ratio.Moreover,an ungrounded TVMD and a TMD show similar working mechanisms that tend to release the displacement of equipment to keep their optimal state,whereas equipment displacement for a grounded TVMD should be strictly limited to provide sufficient anti-force.
文摘This research focuses on using BIM modeling optimization to control construction-period risks in the pre-construction stage of industrial factory buildings.It analyzes common risk factors and limitations of traditional approaches.BIM-based methods like collision detection,4D simulation,multi-dimensional data integration,etc.,can effectively mitigate risks.Stakeholder collaboration,digital twin testing,and lean BIM integration is also crucial.Case studies show BIM can reduce risks by 32-41%,with a three phase roadmap provided.
文摘The paper analyzes the definite place of industrial building in the history of urban development. Due to the development of urban economy and the transition of the traditional industrial structure, many historic cities and towns both at home and abroad have witnessed a large scale "demolition" and abandonment of industrial buildings in urban renewal during last 30 years. Consequently, it has been leading to the discontinuity of urban cultural and historic context. The paper discusses and expounds the clas...
文摘Description Journal of Building Energy Efficiency(monthly),initiated in October 2006,supplies a platform for architects,mechanical engineers,civil engineers,energy researchers,energy policy makers and building industry to communicate on investigations,innovation,research and development of energy efficiency in buildings.The Journal has been classified into the“Catalog of High-quality Sci-Tech Journals of Building Science(2020,T3)”by the Architectural Society of China(ASC),certificated as the“Source Journal for Chinese Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations”by Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China(ISTIC)since 2013 and the“China Core Academic Journal of RCCSE”by Library of Wuhan University and other cooperating institutes since 2014.
文摘Description Journal of Building Energy Efficiency(monthly),initiated in October 2006,supplies a platform for architects,mechanicalengineers,civil engineers,energy researchers,energy policy makers and building industry to communicate on investigations,innovation,research and development of energy efficiency in buildings.The Journal has been classified into the“Catalog of High-quality Sci-Tech Journals of Building Science(2020,T3)”by the Architectural Society of China(ASC),certificated as the“Source Journal for Chinese Scientificand Technical Papers and Citations”by Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China(ISTIC)since 2013and the“China Core Academic Journal of RCCSE”by Library of Wuhan University and other cooperating institutes since 2014.
文摘Description Journal of Building Energy Efficiency(monthly),initiated in October 2006,supplies a platform for architects,mechanical engineers,civil engineers,energy researchers,energy policy makers and building industry to communicate on investigations,innovation,research and development of energy efficiency in buildings.The Journal has been classified into the“Catalog of High-quality Sci-Tech Journals of Building Science(2020,T3)”by the Architectural Society of China(ASC),certificated as the“Source Journal for Chinese Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations”by Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China(ISTIC)since 2013 and the“China Core Academic Journal of RCCSE”by Library of Wuhan University and other cooperating institutes since 2014.
基金On March 15,2021,supported by the 2019 soft science project of Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department,research on the development path and countermeasures of Shaanxi urban and rural housing industrialization(Project No.:2019krm037).
文摘Based on the national strategy of"new urbanization",from the perspective of urban and rural integration,industrial interaction,economy and intensification,this paper proposes to vigorously promote the industrialization planning of urban and rural housing based on SI system,do a good job in the production of building structural parts from the perspective of building industrialization,extend to the internal filling parts,and do a good job in the internal filling system from the perspective of housing industrialization.At the moment of"Rural Revitalization"strategy,we should first develop the SI system multi-storey industrialized housing to meet the needs of rural areas.At the same time,we put forward the development path of China's urban and rural housing industrialization.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0210700)。
文摘In most of the world’s building material industries,the control of flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant.However,given the large capacity and high contribution of China’s building materials industry to global air pollution,the need to develop multipollutant emission reduction technology is urgent.Recently,China has focused on reducing the emissions of flue gas pollutants in the building materials industry,established many key research and development projects,and gradually implemented more stringent pollutant emission limits.This project focuses on the most recent advances in flue gas emission control technology in China’s building materials industry,including denitration,dust removal,desulfurization,synergistic multi-pollutant emission reduction,and the construction of pilot research and demonstration projects for pollutant removal in several building material industries.On this basis,revised pollutant limits in flue gas emitted in China’s building material industry are proposed.
文摘With the progress of urbanization in China,the pace of urban renewal is accelerating.Various factors have prompted the transformation of industrial buildings in the city.Following the transformation,old industrial buildings have shown a new look with diversification and modernization.This article briefly describes contemporary China.The background of industrial building renovation and the analysis of the redevelopment and utilization modes as well as renovation strategies in conjunction with case studies provide a summary and enlightenment for the renovation of industrial heritage buildings in the city.
文摘Thanks to the efforts on prospecting and exploiting of salt lakes,new cities and towns have grown up in Qaidam Basin,which used to be untraversed deserts and saline and alkaline lands.And these progress have made great
文摘The aim of this paper is to define the nature, present the possibilities, and discuss the problems of using human resource controlling in small and medium-sized building companies. This paper is based on the assumption that expedient human resource controlling is an effective human resource management tool that achieves the required performance of employees and expected competitiveness of a building company. This paper uses the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in November 2013 to analyze human resource management in building companies in the Czech Republic and specify the organization and conditions of human resource management. Some 81 small （less than 50 employees） and 66 medium-sized （50-249 employees） building companies operating in the Czech Republic took part in the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey showed the lack of concept and random nature of human resource management in most small and medium-sized building companies. Of course, in terms of the present economic trend, it is above all important for small and medium-sized companies to develop their adaptability to the building market and to be able to deal with a variety of construction works. It is effective human resource management supported by expedient human resources that serves this purpose.
文摘This paper summarizes the results of the international questionnaire survey which took place at the start of 2013 in order to examine, judge, and compare the implemented concept and procedures of human resource management in the questioned building companies operating in the Visegrad Four countries （the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and the Slovak Republic） and the Federal Republic of Germany, and proposes an optimal approach to human resource management in the context of the current and expected economic development. The questionnaire survey was based on the assumption that effective human resource management is a condition of the successful function of each building company and that human resource management is that area of management which distinguishes the successful building companies from the unsuccessful ones. In total, 202 companies from the Czech Republic, 105 companies from Hungary, 100 companies from Poland, 102 companies from the Slovak Republic, and 99 companies from the Federal Republic of Germany took part in the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that among the building companies questioned in individual countries, there was no substantial difference in the overall concept and in the partial procedures of human resource management. The implemented concept and procedures in the questioned building companies show significant merits and surprising shortcomings, whereas it is difficult to prove an unequivocal connection between the efficiency of human resource management and the success of building companies. This relationship is determined by a series of other political, economic, legal, social, cultural, technical, demographic, and natural effects which are not related to the efficiency of human resource management or to the performance of the workforce of building companies.
文摘Iron ＆ Steel Industry China＇s outputs of crude steel, steel products, coke and ferrous alloys in 2012 were 716.54 million tons （up 3.1% YOY）, 051.86 million tons （up 7.7% YOY）, 443.23 million tons （up 5.2% YOY） and 31.29 million tons （up 15% YOY）,
文摘China’s building materials industry experienced great development in 1993 with rapid increases in production and record output and profits. The industry produced 360 million tons of cement, 96.163 million cases of plate glass, 20.4 million pieces of sanitation ceramics and 173 million square metres of construction ceramics, showing rises of 12.89, 12.83, 123.8 and 127 percent respectively over the previous year. The output of cement and
文摘The current study investigated the value and significance of the existence of the old industrial buildings, as well as the necessity and difficulty to renovate the design. Combined with successful cases, this study analyzed and showed that one should not only deal with the relationship between the original architectural style and construction of modem cities in the process of renovation design of the old industrial building space. More attention should also be paid to create new space to meet the functional requirements of the modem features, and then complete substantial renovation of old industrial building space through the innovative design. In the use of aesthetic innovative design for the renovation of the old industrial building space, people must respect the space of old industrial buildings as the prerequisite of the renovation design. It is needed to expound the local space reconstruction methods and design principles respectively on the basis of respect. And then one should grasp the whole space and make the structured design and reasonable use according to the new space functional requirements of different functional areas. This paper attempted to learn from environmental art study on the renovation of old industrial buildings space and in terms of innovative design. The authors explored the innovative thinking on the renovation design of old industrial building space through the analysis of the reality.
文摘Since 1994, a vigourous development has emerged in China’s construction thanks to the remarkable progress of our economicreform and the continuous, stable and healthy growth of the national economy The national key construction projects have been speeded up with the improved completion of investment plans and capital funds, compared to 1993. The macro control of real estate has
文摘Tender price indices (TPI) remain an optimum process for predicting tender prices. There have been several indices’ developments in the Ghanaian Building Industry (GBI) to help in cost management practices, for instance, building cost indices, and material indices among others. Notwithstanding, there are no indices for forecasting tender price at the design stage of building projects in the Ghanaian Building Industry. The motivation of this study is to develop tender price indices that would facilitate easy prediction of the initial cost of building projects. Through a thorough literature review and secondary data collection, the index was formulated using Laspeyres with Excel spreadsheet for the actual index. The variables considered include preliminaries and measured work sections which include the substructure, concrete work, reinforcement, masonry, lining/sheathing, window/door/stairs, metalwork, surface finishes, sanitary appliances/fitting and electrical supply/power light system of the Bills of Quantities. The finding of the study shows that on average there is a change in price of about 4.42 per cent within the eight-year period from 2008 to 2016. The study has developed tender price indices for the Ghanaian Building industry for the facilitation of the easy prediction of the tender prices at the initial design stage, however, the indices have an error margin of ±3. The development of these indices will serve as the basis for further development of other indices in GBI such as locational indices and value-based indices for effective cost management practices.
文摘In 2013, China＇s outputs of cement and flat glass were 2. 414 billion tons and 778.98 million weight cases, increasing by 9.6% and 11.2% YOY, respectively.
文摘JC 497-92 (96)1 Contents and Applied ScopeThis standard specifies the classification, shapes and dimensions, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and quality certificate of direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for building materials industry. This standard is applicable to the direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for cement kiln, glass melting tank and other industrial furnaces.2 Normative ReferencesGB 2997: Test method for the apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density and true porosity of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5070: Chemical analysis method for magnesite-Chrome refractoriesGB 5072: Test method for cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5989: Test method for refractoriness under load of dense shaped refractory products (Differential, with rising temperature)GB 7320: Test method for thermal expansion of refractory productsGB 7321: Sample preparation for testing of dense shaped refractory productsGB 10324: Type definition of refractory productsGB 10325: Piling, sampling, acceptance, storage and transportation of refractory products
文摘This paper describes economical strategies to design blast resistant electrical substations and control buildings that are commonly used at industrial plants.Limited literature addressed design aspects for this class of buildings.Furthermore,little guidelines are available in practice to regulate this type of steel construction.The first part of the paper overviews the architectural and structural layouts of electrical buildings.Blast resistance requirements for occupied control buildings are also discussed.Simplified multiple degrees of freedom(MDOF)dynamic model is also illustrated that can be utilized for analysis of the blast resistant buildings.The economical aspects and cost savings resulting in using mobile blast resistant buildings are discussed.The article also highlights the engineering challenges that are encountered in design of mobile electrical facilities.The transportation procedure and design requirements are briefly described.Guidelines are proposed to calculate the center of mass of the building combined with interior equipment.The proposed design concept for electrical and control buildings is cost effective and can be implemented in industry to reduce projects cost.
