The emergence of a multipolar global order is fundamentally reshaping international geopolitical landscape,with building communities with neighboring countries led by regional powers emerging as significant factors in...The emergence of a multipolar global order is fundamentally reshaping international geopolitical landscape,with building communities with neighboring countries led by regional powers emerging as significant factors in geopolitics.For regional powers aiming to augment their geopolitical influence,the building of communities with neighboring countries has become a strategic imperative.Brazil exemplifies distinct models of regional community building within South America and the Amazon region.In South America,Brazil prioritizes consensual power-building,aspiring to establish a“power pole”centered on itself.展开更多
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/350/suppl/CV olume 350,1 January 2026[OA]( 1)Rooftop agrivoltaic powered onsite hydrogenp roduction for insulated gasochromic smart glazing and hydrogen v...https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/350/suppl/CV olume 350,1 January 2026[OA]( 1)Rooftop agrivoltaic powered onsite hydrogenp roduction for insulated gasochromic smart glazing and hydrogen vehicles:A holistic approach to sustainabler esidential building by Shanza Neda Hussain,Aritra Ghosh,Article 116675 A bstract:The study focused on designing a sustainable buildingi nvolving rooftop agrivoltaics,advanced glazing technologies ando nsite hydrogen production for a residential property in Birmingham,UK where green hydrogen produced by harnessinge lectricity generated by agrivoltaics system on rooftop of the building is employed to change the transparency of vacuum gasochromic glazing and refuel hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicle using storage hydrogen for a sustainable building approach.展开更多
Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is e...Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is essential for uncovering urban cooling mechanisms and developing strategies for heat-mitigation urban design.Therefore,this study employed one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison to test compare the significant differences of LST among LCZs 1-6,and applied the XGBoost model to quantify the interactive effects of building and green space indicators on LST,and to identify the threshold ranges of their cooling effects.The results showed that LCZ 2 exhibited the highest LST,while LCZ 4 recorded the lowest.Average building volume(BAV),building coverage ratio(BCR),green cover area(GCA),and the total edge length of green space(GTE)were identified as the key indicators driving the interactive effects on LST.In LCZ 2,when BAV exceeded 1800 m^(3),the interaction of higher GCA and GTE contributed to lower LST.When BCR was less than 0.6 in LCZs 4-5,lower GCA and GTE values enhanced the LST reduction.The results provided a strategic basis for urban thermal environment mitigation and sustainable development under the LCZ framework.展开更多
China Standardization:Can you please briefly introduce ISO,its international standards as well as your scope of work?Rachel Miller Prada:ISO is an independent non-governmental organization dedicated to developing inte...China Standardization:Can you please briefly introduce ISO,its international standards as well as your scope of work?Rachel Miller Prada:ISO is an independent non-governmental organization dedicated to developing international standards.Currently,ISO has 175 member bodies,representing 175 countries that participate in its standard development work.We have a portfolio of over 24,000 international standards,with around 100 new standards issued or existing ones revised every month.The ultimate goal of our standardization work is to support the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Every standard we develop and every task I undertake in my role contributes to these global objectives.展开更多
Photocatalysis—a green and energy-efficient technology for environmental remediation and energy conversion—has recently demonstrated broad application potential in intelligent building materials.This review systemat...Photocatalysis—a green and energy-efficient technology for environmental remediation and energy conversion—has recently demonstrated broad application potential in intelligent building materials.This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in incorporating photocatalytic materials into building applications,focusing on two main scenarios:pavement and wall surfaces.In pavement systems,photocatalytic materials are primarily employed to degrade pollutants such as NO_(x)and volatile organic compounds,thereby actively reducing emissions.In wall applications,the emphasis is on imparting intelligent maintenance functions,including self-cleaning,antibacterial activity,and air purification.We provide a comprehensive analysis of the performance of various photocatalytic materials,their incorporation methods,and their effects on mechanical properties and environmental durability.Building on this analysis,we propose design principles for photocatalytic building materials that balance catalytic efficiency with cost,enhance mechanical stability,and preserve the intrinsic functions of building components.Finally,we outline future research directions,emphasizing the significant potential of photocatalytic building materials in advancing green construction and sustainable development.展开更多
Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the...Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the application of TVMDs for seismic response control of industrial buildings coupled with mechanical equipment.Therefore,this study proposes ungrounded and grounded TVMDs to effectively utilize the mass of the mechanical equipment and fully exploit the capabilities of the inerter element.An optimal design methodology is developed by pursuing the maximum effective damping ratio and seeking the most rational TVMD control scheme.Validation of TVMD control performance is conducted through time-history analysis based on 20 real seismic ground motions recommended by ATC-40,and by providing a barrel mixer industrial building as a real-life numerical example.The results show that both an ungrounded and grounded TVMD can effectively mitigate the seismic response of the primary structure.Compared to the traditional tuned mass damper(TMD),TVMDs can obtain improved control performance for a given equipment mass ratio.Moreover,an ungrounded TVMD and a TMD show similar working mechanisms that tend to release the displacement of equipment to keep their optimal state,whereas equipment displacement for a grounded TVMD should be strictly limited to provide sufficient anti-force.展开更多
Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive exa...Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive examination of curtain walls from an energy-engineering perspective,highlighting their structural typologies(Stick and Unitized),material configurations,and integration with smart technologies such as electrochromic glazing,parametric design algorithms,and Building Management Systems(BMS).Thestudy explores the thermal,acoustic,and solar performance of curtain walls across various climatic zones,supported by comparative analyses and iconic case studies including Apple Park,Burj Khalifa,and Milad Tower.Key challenges—including installation complexity,high maintenance costs,and climate sensitivity—are critically assessed alongside proposed solutions.A central innovation of this work lies in framing curtain walls not only as passive architectural elements but as dynamic interfaces that modulate energy flows,reduce HVAC loads,and enhance occupant comfort.The reviewed data indicate that optimized curtain wall configurations—especially those integrating electrochromic glazing and BIPV modules—can achieve annual energy consumption reductions ranging fromapproximately 5%to 27%,depending on climate,control strategy,and facade typology.The findings offer a valuable reference for architects,energy engineers,and decision-makers seeking to integrate high-performance facades into future-ready building designs.展开更多
The present study proposes an autonomous visual inspection system based on Wall-Climbing Robot(WCR),with a view to addressing the shortcomings of traditional building crack detection methods,namely their low measureme...The present study proposes an autonomous visual inspection system based on Wall-Climbing Robot(WCR),with a view to addressing the shortcomings of traditional building crack detection methods,namely their low measurement accuracy,high manual dependence and insufficient environmental adaptability.The system has been developed to construct a crack recognition model with robust illumination adaptation by fusing the improved YOLOv5s target detection algorithm with the Canny edge enhancement algorithm.The system has been realized as a lightweight deployment on an embedded device(MaixCAM).The robot platform employs a design scheme integrating a dual-chamber negative pressure adsorption mechanism and a differential drive system,which effectively addresses the key technical challenges of stable motion and real-time image acquisition on the vertical wall.Concurrently,the embedded vision processing module accomplishes efficient data parsing within dynamic environments.The experimental findings demonstrate that the system’s detection accuracy consistently maintains a range of 88.3%to 95.6%under conditions of 1000-50 lux illumination.In comparison with conventional detection methods,the recognition accuracy of various types of building cracks is enhanced by 17.3%.This study proposes a pioneering technical solution for the intelligent detection of complex building surface defects,which holds significant engineering application value.展开更多
Energy-saving buildings(ESBs)are an emerging green technology that can significantly reduce building-associated cooling and heating energy consumption,catering to the desire for carbon neutrality and sustainable devel...Energy-saving buildings(ESBs)are an emerging green technology that can significantly reduce building-associated cooling and heating energy consumption,catering to the desire for carbon neutrality and sustainable development of society.Smart photovoltaic windows(SPWs)offer a promising platform for designing ESBs because they present the capability to regulate and harness solar energy.With frequent outbreaks of extreme weather all over the world,the achievement of exceptional energy-saving effect under different weather conditions is an inevitable trend for the development of ESBs but is hardly achieved via existing SPWs.Here,we substantially reduce the driving voltage of polymerdispersed liquid crystals(PDLCs)by 28.1%via molecular engineering while maintaining their high solar transmittance(T_(sol)=83.8%,transparent state)and solar modulating ability(ΔT_(sol)=80.5%).By the assembly of perovskite solar cell and a broadband thermal-managing unit encompassing the electrical-responsive PDLCs,transparent high-emissivity SiO_(2) passive radiation-cooling,and Ag low-emissivity layers possesses,we present a tri-band regulation and split-type SPW possessing superb energy-saving effect in all-season.The perovskite solar cell can produce the electric power to stimulate the electrical-responsive behavior of the PDLCs,endowing the SPWs zero-energy input solar energy regulating characteristic,and compensate the daily energy consumption needed for ESBs.Moreover,the scalable manufacturing technology holds a great potential for the real-world applications.展开更多
The integration of phase change material(PCM)with building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)presents a compelling approach to enhance solar energy utilization and mitigate indoor thermal loads,contributing to energy-effic...The integration of phase change material(PCM)with building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)presents a compelling approach to enhance solar energy utilization and mitigate indoor thermal loads,contributing to energy-efficient and low-carbon building development.Traditional BIPV-PCM structures,however,struggle to balance PV efficiency and thermal insulation,particularly with varying PCM wall positions.To address this situation,this study introduces a novel double-PCM BIPV composite envelope(BIPV-dPCM).An experimentally validated dynamic heat transfer model was developed and used to perform a comparative simulation analysis with three reference systems to quantify the energy-saving potential of the BIPV-dPCM,focusing on PV output and wall insulation effectiveness metrics.Further dimensionless parametric analysis were carried out to investigate the systematic performance of the two PCMs at different relativities.In addition,the coupled working mechanism of the BIPV-dPCM system concerning the power generation performance and thermal insulation performance under transient variations is explored.It was found that the BIPV-dPCM showcases superior thermoelectric coupling performance compared to three alternative enclosures.Incorporating two PCMs significantly enhances electrical exergy efficiency by 11.66%and thermal exergy efficiency by 1.54%,surpassing other reference systems.The increase in PCM latent heat ratio has a limited effect on performance gain.Notably,as the PCM thickness ratio exceeds 1,the decline in P value decelerates,for every 0.5 increment in the g,the P value diminishes by merely 0.2%.The ideal h is identified between 1 and 1.5,with 1.5 being optimal for energy conservation objectives.Additionally,the self-sufficiency coefficient(SSC)of the BIPV-dPCM remains robust,sustaining a range of 55%to 65%over prolonged periods.This study offers novel perspectives and serves as a design reference for optimizing building energy systems and enhancing cooling efficiencies in subtropical climates.展开更多
Taking the Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(hereinafter referred to as the Changli Institute of Pomology)as a case study,this paper explores the practical pathways throu...Taking the Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(hereinafter referred to as the Changli Institute of Pomology)as a case study,this paper explores the practical pathways through which Party building leads to the high-quality development of fruit tree research from three dimensions:theoretical convergence points,current development status,and functional mechanisms.It proposes that Party building should focus on its core roles of steering political direction,enhancing team cohesion,and upholding ethical standards.Deep integration of Party building and scientific research should be achieved through concrete platforms,with the effectiveness measured by breakthroughs in critical"bottleneck"technologies and increased income for fruit growers.The study aims to provide a practical reference for integrating Party building with professional work in the agricultural research sector.展开更多
Black-box models have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in forecasting building energy loads.However,they usually lack interpretability and do not incorporate domain knowledge,making it difficult for users to trust the...Black-box models have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in forecasting building energy loads.However,they usually lack interpretability and do not incorporate domain knowledge,making it difficult for users to trust their predictions in practical applications.One important and interesting question remains unanswered:is it possible to use intrinsically interpretable models to achieve accuracy comparable to that of black-box models?With an aim of answering this question,this study proposes an intrinsically interpretable machine learning-based method to forecast building energy loads.It creatively combines two intrinsically interpretable machine learning algorithms:clustering decision trees and adaptive multiple linear regression.Clustering decision trees aim to automatically identify various building operation conditions,allowing for the training of multiple models tailored to each condition.It can reduce the complexity of model training data,leading to higher accuracy.Adaptive multiple linear regression is an improved regression algorithm tailored to building energy load prediction.It can adaptively modify regression coefficients according to building operations,enhancing the non-linear fitting capability of multiple linear regression.The proposed method is evaluated utilizing the operational data from an office building.The results indicate that the proposed method exhibits comparable accuracy to both random forests and extreme gradient boosting.Furthermore,it shows significantly superior accuracy,with an average improvement of 10.2%,compared with some popular black-box algorithms such as artificial neural networks,support vector regression,and classification and regression trees.As for model interpretability,the proposed method reveals that historical cooling loads are the most crucial for predicting building cooling loads under most conditions.Additionally,outdoor air temperature has a significant contribution to building cooling load prediction during the daytime on weekdays in summer and transition seasons.In the future,it will be valuable to explore integrating the laws of physics into the proposed method to further enhance its interpretability.展开更多
The contemporary smart cities,smart homes,smart buildings,and smart health care systems are the results of the explosive growth of Internet of Things(IoT)devices and deep learning.Yet the centralized training paradigm...The contemporary smart cities,smart homes,smart buildings,and smart health care systems are the results of the explosive growth of Internet of Things(IoT)devices and deep learning.Yet the centralized training paradigms have fundamental issues in data privacy,regulatory compliance,and ownership silo alongside the scaled limitations of the real-life application.The concept of Federated Deep Learning(FDL)is a privacy-by-design method that will enable the distributed training of machine learning models among distributed clients without sharing raw data and is suitable in heterogeneous urban settings.It is an overview of the privacy-preserving developments in FDL as of 2018-2025 with a narrow scope on its usage in smart cities(traffic prediction,environmental monitoring,energy grids),smart homes/buildings/IoT(non-intrusive load monitoring,HVAC optimization,anomaly detection)and the healthcare application(medical imaging,Electronic Health Records(EHR)analysis,remote monitoring).It gives coherent taxonomy,domain pipelines,comparative analyses of privacy mechanisms(differential privacy,secure aggregation,Homomorphic Encryption(HE),Trusted Execution Environments(TEEs),blockchain enhanced and hybrids),system structures,security/robustness defense,deployment/Machine Learning Operation(MLOps)issues,and the longstanding challenges(non-IID heterogeneity,communication efficiency,fairness,and sustainability).Some of the contributions made are structured comparisons of privacy threats,practical design advice on urban areas,recognition of open problems,and a research roadmap into the future up to 2035.The paper brings out the transformational worth of FDL in building credible,scalable,and sustainable intelligent urban ecosystems and the need to do further interdisciplinary research in standardization,real-world testbeds,and ethical governance.展开更多
The goal of the present work is to demonstrate the potential of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)-driven Genetic Algorithm(GA)methods for energy efficiency and economic performance optimization of energy efficiency measu...The goal of the present work is to demonstrate the potential of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)-driven Genetic Algorithm(GA)methods for energy efficiency and economic performance optimization of energy efficiency measures in a multi-family house building in Greece.The energy efficiency measures include different heating/cooling systems(such as low-temperature and high-temperature heat pumps,natural gas boilers,split units),building envelope components for floor,walls,roof and windows of variable heat transfer coefficients,the installation of solar thermal collectors and PVs.The calculations of the building loads and investment and operating and maintenance costs of the measures are based on the methodology defined in Directive 2010/31/EU,while economic assumptions are based on EN 15459-1 standard.Typically,multi-objective optimization of energy efficiency measures often requires the simulation of very large numbers of cases involving numerous possible combinations,resulting in intense computational load.The results of the study indicate that ANN-driven GA methods can be used as an alternative,valuable tool for reliably predicting the optimal measures which minimize primary energy consumption and life cycle cost of the building with greatly reduced computational requirements.Through GA methods,the computational time needed for obtaining the optimal solutions is reduced by 96.4%-96.8%.展开更多
This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the a...This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significan...Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.展开更多
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/348/suppl/C Volume 348,1 December 2025[OA](1)Active prefabricated façade with building-integrated photovoltaic(APF-BIPV)technologies for high energy ...https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/348/suppl/C Volume 348,1 December 2025[OA](1)Active prefabricated façade with building-integrated photovoltaic(APF-BIPV)technologies for high energy efficient building renovation:a systematic review of recent research advancements by Graziano Salvalai,Feiyu Zhao,Article 116440 Abstract:Active Prefabricated Fa ade with building-integrated photovoltaic(APF-BIPV)technologies used in the prefabricated building envelope component offer a promising approach to energy-efficient building renovation,combining renewable energy generation with modular construction advantages.This study systematically reviews APF-BIPV technologies,assessing their technological development,performance optimization,economic feasibility,and policy implications.Based on PRISMA methodology,the review includes not only peer-reviewed publications from Scopus and Web of Science but also analyzes research outputs from European-funded projects,highlighting the significant technological advancements that have transformed prefabricated fa ade components from basic cladding systems into highly integrated,multifunctional building elements,integrating PV technology for renewable energy production.展开更多
Spatial seismic vulnerability assessments are primally conducted at the community and grid level,using heuristic and empirical approaches.Building-based spatial statistical vulnerability models are rare because of dat...Spatial seismic vulnerability assessments are primally conducted at the community and grid level,using heuristic and empirical approaches.Building-based spatial statistical vulnerability models are rare because of data limitations.Generating open-access spatial inventories that document seismic damage and building attributes and test their effectiveness in assessing damage would promote the advancement of spatial vulnerability assessment.The 2022 Mw 6.7 Luding earthquake in the western Sichuan Province of China provides an opportunity to validate this approach.The local government urgently dispatched experts to survey building damage,marking all buildings with damage class stickers.In this work,we sampled 2889 buildings as GPS points and documented the damage classes and building attributes,including structure type,number of floors,and age.A polygon-based digital inventory was generated by digitizing the rooftops of the sampled buildings and importing the attributes.Statistical regressions were created by plotting damage against shaking intensity and PGA,and Random Forest modeling was carried out considering not only buildings and seismic parameters but also environmental factors.The result indicates that statistical regressions have notable uncertainties,and the Random Forest model shows a≥79%accuracy.Topographical factors showed notable importance in the Random Forest modeling.This work provides an open-access seismic building damage inventory and demonstrates its potential for damage prediction and vulnerability assessment.展开更多
Against the background of energy conservation and emission reduction,green construction and intelligent buildings have become an inevitable trend in the transformation of the construction industry.They effectively red...Against the background of energy conservation and emission reduction,green construction and intelligent buildings have become an inevitable trend in the transformation of the construction industry.They effectively reduce environmental damage and pollution caused by construction projects during the construction process,improve the comfort and health of buildings,and are conducive to promoting the sustainable development of China’s construction industry.This paper analyzes the relationship between green construction and intelligent buildings,examines the dilemmas faced by the integrated development of green construction and intelligent buildings,and proposes measures such as optimizing architectural design schemes,advancing technological innovation,improving energy utilization efficiency,actively applying BIM technology,and strengthening building lifecycle management,so as to promote the sustainable development of China’s construction industry.展开更多
文摘The emergence of a multipolar global order is fundamentally reshaping international geopolitical landscape,with building communities with neighboring countries led by regional powers emerging as significant factors in geopolitics.For regional powers aiming to augment their geopolitical influence,the building of communities with neighboring countries has become a strategic imperative.Brazil exemplifies distinct models of regional community building within South America and the Amazon region.In South America,Brazil prioritizes consensual power-building,aspiring to establish a“power pole”centered on itself.
文摘https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/350/suppl/CV olume 350,1 January 2026[OA]( 1)Rooftop agrivoltaic powered onsite hydrogenp roduction for insulated gasochromic smart glazing and hydrogen vehicles:A holistic approach to sustainabler esidential building by Shanza Neda Hussain,Aritra Ghosh,Article 116675 A bstract:The study focused on designing a sustainable buildingi nvolving rooftop agrivoltaics,advanced glazing technologies ando nsite hydrogen production for a residential property in Birmingham,UK where green hydrogen produced by harnessinge lectricity generated by agrivoltaics system on rooftop of the building is employed to change the transparency of vacuum gasochromic glazing and refuel hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicle using storage hydrogen for a sustainable building approach.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271661,32130068).
文摘Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is essential for uncovering urban cooling mechanisms and developing strategies for heat-mitigation urban design.Therefore,this study employed one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison to test compare the significant differences of LST among LCZs 1-6,and applied the XGBoost model to quantify the interactive effects of building and green space indicators on LST,and to identify the threshold ranges of their cooling effects.The results showed that LCZ 2 exhibited the highest LST,while LCZ 4 recorded the lowest.Average building volume(BAV),building coverage ratio(BCR),green cover area(GCA),and the total edge length of green space(GTE)were identified as the key indicators driving the interactive effects on LST.In LCZ 2,when BAV exceeded 1800 m^(3),the interaction of higher GCA and GTE contributed to lower LST.When BCR was less than 0.6 in LCZs 4-5,lower GCA and GTE values enhanced the LST reduction.The results provided a strategic basis for urban thermal environment mitigation and sustainable development under the LCZ framework.
文摘China Standardization:Can you please briefly introduce ISO,its international standards as well as your scope of work?Rachel Miller Prada:ISO is an independent non-governmental organization dedicated to developing international standards.Currently,ISO has 175 member bodies,representing 175 countries that participate in its standard development work.We have a portfolio of over 24,000 international standards,with around 100 new standards issued or existing ones revised every month.The ultimate goal of our standardization work is to support the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Every standard we develop and every task I undertake in my role contributes to these global objectives.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22408235)Tianchi Talent Program of Xinjiang.
文摘Photocatalysis—a green and energy-efficient technology for environmental remediation and energy conversion—has recently demonstrated broad application potential in intelligent building materials.This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in incorporating photocatalytic materials into building applications,focusing on two main scenarios:pavement and wall surfaces.In pavement systems,photocatalytic materials are primarily employed to degrade pollutants such as NO_(x)and volatile organic compounds,thereby actively reducing emissions.In wall applications,the emphasis is on imparting intelligent maintenance functions,including self-cleaning,antibacterial activity,and air purification.We provide a comprehensive analysis of the performance of various photocatalytic materials,their incorporation methods,and their effects on mechanical properties and environmental durability.Building on this analysis,we propose design principles for photocatalytic building materials that balance catalytic efficiency with cost,enhance mechanical stability,and preserve the intrinsic functions of building components.Finally,we outline future research directions,emphasizing the significant potential of photocatalytic building materials in advancing green construction and sustainable development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52408327 and 52278306Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.2022SK2096+3 种基金Science and Technology Progress and Innovation Project of the Department of Transportation of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.201912Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.2024JJ6198Scientific Research Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.25A0645Emergency Management Science and Technology Project of the Emergency Management Department of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.yjtkjxm_202406。
文摘Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the application of TVMDs for seismic response control of industrial buildings coupled with mechanical equipment.Therefore,this study proposes ungrounded and grounded TVMDs to effectively utilize the mass of the mechanical equipment and fully exploit the capabilities of the inerter element.An optimal design methodology is developed by pursuing the maximum effective damping ratio and seeking the most rational TVMD control scheme.Validation of TVMD control performance is conducted through time-history analysis based on 20 real seismic ground motions recommended by ATC-40,and by providing a barrel mixer industrial building as a real-life numerical example.The results show that both an ungrounded and grounded TVMD can effectively mitigate the seismic response of the primary structure.Compared to the traditional tuned mass damper(TMD),TVMDs can obtain improved control performance for a given equipment mass ratio.Moreover,an ungrounded TVMD and a TMD show similar working mechanisms that tend to release the displacement of equipment to keep their optimal state,whereas equipment displacement for a grounded TVMD should be strictly limited to provide sufficient anti-force.
文摘Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive examination of curtain walls from an energy-engineering perspective,highlighting their structural typologies(Stick and Unitized),material configurations,and integration with smart technologies such as electrochromic glazing,parametric design algorithms,and Building Management Systems(BMS).Thestudy explores the thermal,acoustic,and solar performance of curtain walls across various climatic zones,supported by comparative analyses and iconic case studies including Apple Park,Burj Khalifa,and Milad Tower.Key challenges—including installation complexity,high maintenance costs,and climate sensitivity—are critically assessed alongside proposed solutions.A central innovation of this work lies in framing curtain walls not only as passive architectural elements but as dynamic interfaces that modulate energy flows,reduce HVAC loads,and enhance occupant comfort.The reviewed data indicate that optimized curtain wall configurations—especially those integrating electrochromic glazing and BIPV modules—can achieve annual energy consumption reductions ranging fromapproximately 5%to 27%,depending on climate,control strategy,and facade typology.The findings offer a valuable reference for architects,energy engineers,and decision-makers seeking to integrate high-performance facades into future-ready building designs.
基金supported by the Research Project on Postgraduate Teaching Reform from Hubei Education Department(2024289).
文摘The present study proposes an autonomous visual inspection system based on Wall-Climbing Robot(WCR),with a view to addressing the shortcomings of traditional building crack detection methods,namely their low measurement accuracy,high manual dependence and insufficient environmental adaptability.The system has been developed to construct a crack recognition model with robust illumination adaptation by fusing the improved YOLOv5s target detection algorithm with the Canny edge enhancement algorithm.The system has been realized as a lightweight deployment on an embedded device(MaixCAM).The robot platform employs a design scheme integrating a dual-chamber negative pressure adsorption mechanism and a differential drive system,which effectively addresses the key technical challenges of stable motion and real-time image acquisition on the vertical wall.Concurrently,the embedded vision processing module accomplishes efficient data parsing within dynamic environments.The experimental findings demonstrate that the system’s detection accuracy consistently maintains a range of 88.3%to 95.6%under conditions of 1000-50 lux illumination.In comparison with conventional detection methods,the recognition accuracy of various types of building cracks is enhanced by 17.3%.This study proposes a pioneering technical solution for the intelligent detection of complex building surface defects,which holds significant engineering application value.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52372076,52073081,52203322,5252200843)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2023YFB3812800)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-25-073)。
文摘Energy-saving buildings(ESBs)are an emerging green technology that can significantly reduce building-associated cooling and heating energy consumption,catering to the desire for carbon neutrality and sustainable development of society.Smart photovoltaic windows(SPWs)offer a promising platform for designing ESBs because they present the capability to regulate and harness solar energy.With frequent outbreaks of extreme weather all over the world,the achievement of exceptional energy-saving effect under different weather conditions is an inevitable trend for the development of ESBs but is hardly achieved via existing SPWs.Here,we substantially reduce the driving voltage of polymerdispersed liquid crystals(PDLCs)by 28.1%via molecular engineering while maintaining their high solar transmittance(T_(sol)=83.8%,transparent state)and solar modulating ability(ΔT_(sol)=80.5%).By the assembly of perovskite solar cell and a broadband thermal-managing unit encompassing the electrical-responsive PDLCs,transparent high-emissivity SiO_(2) passive radiation-cooling,and Ag low-emissivity layers possesses,we present a tri-band regulation and split-type SPW possessing superb energy-saving effect in all-season.The perovskite solar cell can produce the electric power to stimulate the electrical-responsive behavior of the PDLCs,endowing the SPWs zero-energy input solar energy regulating characteristic,and compensate the daily energy consumption needed for ESBs.Moreover,the scalable manufacturing technology holds a great potential for the real-world applications.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515010681)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.21622417)Special Projects in Key Fields of Guangdong Universities(2022ZDZX1005).
文摘The integration of phase change material(PCM)with building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)presents a compelling approach to enhance solar energy utilization and mitigate indoor thermal loads,contributing to energy-efficient and low-carbon building development.Traditional BIPV-PCM structures,however,struggle to balance PV efficiency and thermal insulation,particularly with varying PCM wall positions.To address this situation,this study introduces a novel double-PCM BIPV composite envelope(BIPV-dPCM).An experimentally validated dynamic heat transfer model was developed and used to perform a comparative simulation analysis with three reference systems to quantify the energy-saving potential of the BIPV-dPCM,focusing on PV output and wall insulation effectiveness metrics.Further dimensionless parametric analysis were carried out to investigate the systematic performance of the two PCMs at different relativities.In addition,the coupled working mechanism of the BIPV-dPCM system concerning the power generation performance and thermal insulation performance under transient variations is explored.It was found that the BIPV-dPCM showcases superior thermoelectric coupling performance compared to three alternative enclosures.Incorporating two PCMs significantly enhances electrical exergy efficiency by 11.66%and thermal exergy efficiency by 1.54%,surpassing other reference systems.The increase in PCM latent heat ratio has a limited effect on performance gain.Notably,as the PCM thickness ratio exceeds 1,the decline in P value decelerates,for every 0.5 increment in the g,the P value diminishes by merely 0.2%.The ideal h is identified between 1 and 1.5,with 1.5 being optimal for energy conservation objectives.Additionally,the self-sufficiency coefficient(SSC)of the BIPV-dPCM remains robust,sustaining a range of 55%to 65%over prolonged periods.This study offers novel perspectives and serves as a design reference for optimizing building energy systems and enhancing cooling efficiencies in subtropical climates.
基金Supported by Qinhuangdao Social Sciences Development Research Project(2025LX378).
文摘Taking the Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(hereinafter referred to as the Changli Institute of Pomology)as a case study,this paper explores the practical pathways through which Party building leads to the high-quality development of fruit tree research from three dimensions:theoretical convergence points,current development status,and functional mechanisms.It proposes that Party building should focus on its core roles of steering political direction,enhancing team cohesion,and upholding ethical standards.Deep integration of Party building and scientific research should be achieved through concrete platforms,with the effectiveness measured by breakthroughs in critical"bottleneck"technologies and increased income for fruit growers.The study aims to provide a practical reference for integrating Party building with professional work in the agricultural research sector.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52161135202).
文摘Black-box models have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in forecasting building energy loads.However,they usually lack interpretability and do not incorporate domain knowledge,making it difficult for users to trust their predictions in practical applications.One important and interesting question remains unanswered:is it possible to use intrinsically interpretable models to achieve accuracy comparable to that of black-box models?With an aim of answering this question,this study proposes an intrinsically interpretable machine learning-based method to forecast building energy loads.It creatively combines two intrinsically interpretable machine learning algorithms:clustering decision trees and adaptive multiple linear regression.Clustering decision trees aim to automatically identify various building operation conditions,allowing for the training of multiple models tailored to each condition.It can reduce the complexity of model training data,leading to higher accuracy.Adaptive multiple linear regression is an improved regression algorithm tailored to building energy load prediction.It can adaptively modify regression coefficients according to building operations,enhancing the non-linear fitting capability of multiple linear regression.The proposed method is evaluated utilizing the operational data from an office building.The results indicate that the proposed method exhibits comparable accuracy to both random forests and extreme gradient boosting.Furthermore,it shows significantly superior accuracy,with an average improvement of 10.2%,compared with some popular black-box algorithms such as artificial neural networks,support vector regression,and classification and regression trees.As for model interpretability,the proposed method reveals that historical cooling loads are the most crucial for predicting building cooling loads under most conditions.Additionally,outdoor air temperature has a significant contribution to building cooling load prediction during the daytime on weekdays in summer and transition seasons.In the future,it will be valuable to explore integrating the laws of physics into the proposed method to further enhance its interpretability.
文摘The contemporary smart cities,smart homes,smart buildings,and smart health care systems are the results of the explosive growth of Internet of Things(IoT)devices and deep learning.Yet the centralized training paradigms have fundamental issues in data privacy,regulatory compliance,and ownership silo alongside the scaled limitations of the real-life application.The concept of Federated Deep Learning(FDL)is a privacy-by-design method that will enable the distributed training of machine learning models among distributed clients without sharing raw data and is suitable in heterogeneous urban settings.It is an overview of the privacy-preserving developments in FDL as of 2018-2025 with a narrow scope on its usage in smart cities(traffic prediction,environmental monitoring,energy grids),smart homes/buildings/IoT(non-intrusive load monitoring,HVAC optimization,anomaly detection)and the healthcare application(medical imaging,Electronic Health Records(EHR)analysis,remote monitoring).It gives coherent taxonomy,domain pipelines,comparative analyses of privacy mechanisms(differential privacy,secure aggregation,Homomorphic Encryption(HE),Trusted Execution Environments(TEEs),blockchain enhanced and hybrids),system structures,security/robustness defense,deployment/Machine Learning Operation(MLOps)issues,and the longstanding challenges(non-IID heterogeneity,communication efficiency,fairness,and sustainability).Some of the contributions made are structured comparisons of privacy threats,practical design advice on urban areas,recognition of open problems,and a research roadmap into the future up to 2035.The paper brings out the transformational worth of FDL in building credible,scalable,and sustainable intelligent urban ecosystems and the need to do further interdisciplinary research in standardization,real-world testbeds,and ethical governance.
文摘The goal of the present work is to demonstrate the potential of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)-driven Genetic Algorithm(GA)methods for energy efficiency and economic performance optimization of energy efficiency measures in a multi-family house building in Greece.The energy efficiency measures include different heating/cooling systems(such as low-temperature and high-temperature heat pumps,natural gas boilers,split units),building envelope components for floor,walls,roof and windows of variable heat transfer coefficients,the installation of solar thermal collectors and PVs.The calculations of the building loads and investment and operating and maintenance costs of the measures are based on the methodology defined in Directive 2010/31/EU,while economic assumptions are based on EN 15459-1 standard.Typically,multi-objective optimization of energy efficiency measures often requires the simulation of very large numbers of cases involving numerous possible combinations,resulting in intense computational load.The results of the study indicate that ANN-driven GA methods can be used as an alternative,valuable tool for reliably predicting the optimal measures which minimize primary energy consumption and life cycle cost of the building with greatly reduced computational requirements.Through GA methods,the computational time needed for obtaining the optimal solutions is reduced by 96.4%-96.8%.
基金supported by the Sugiyama Jogakuen University’s School Research Fund.
文摘This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(42225107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001326,42371414,42171409,and 42271419)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2022A1515012207)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning(202201011539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.
文摘https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/348/suppl/C Volume 348,1 December 2025[OA](1)Active prefabricated façade with building-integrated photovoltaic(APF-BIPV)technologies for high energy efficient building renovation:a systematic review of recent research advancements by Graziano Salvalai,Feiyu Zhao,Article 116440 Abstract:Active Prefabricated Fa ade with building-integrated photovoltaic(APF-BIPV)technologies used in the prefabricated building envelope component offer a promising approach to energy-efficient building renovation,combining renewable energy generation with modular construction advantages.This study systematically reviews APF-BIPV technologies,assessing their technological development,performance optimization,economic feasibility,and policy implications.Based on PRISMA methodology,the review includes not only peer-reviewed publications from Scopus and Web of Science but also analyzes research outputs from European-funded projects,highlighting the significant technological advancements that have transformed prefabricated fa ade components from basic cladding systems into highly integrated,multifunctional building elements,integrating PV technology for renewable energy production.
基金supported by Mission No. 9 "Geological Environment and Hazards" (2019QZKK0900) of "The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research" projectNational Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42101087)
文摘Spatial seismic vulnerability assessments are primally conducted at the community and grid level,using heuristic and empirical approaches.Building-based spatial statistical vulnerability models are rare because of data limitations.Generating open-access spatial inventories that document seismic damage and building attributes and test their effectiveness in assessing damage would promote the advancement of spatial vulnerability assessment.The 2022 Mw 6.7 Luding earthquake in the western Sichuan Province of China provides an opportunity to validate this approach.The local government urgently dispatched experts to survey building damage,marking all buildings with damage class stickers.In this work,we sampled 2889 buildings as GPS points and documented the damage classes and building attributes,including structure type,number of floors,and age.A polygon-based digital inventory was generated by digitizing the rooftops of the sampled buildings and importing the attributes.Statistical regressions were created by plotting damage against shaking intensity and PGA,and Random Forest modeling was carried out considering not only buildings and seismic parameters but also environmental factors.The result indicates that statistical regressions have notable uncertainties,and the Random Forest model shows a≥79%accuracy.Topographical factors showed notable importance in the Random Forest modeling.This work provides an open-access seismic building damage inventory and demonstrates its potential for damage prediction and vulnerability assessment.
文摘Against the background of energy conservation and emission reduction,green construction and intelligent buildings have become an inevitable trend in the transformation of the construction industry.They effectively reduce environmental damage and pollution caused by construction projects during the construction process,improve the comfort and health of buildings,and are conducive to promoting the sustainable development of China’s construction industry.This paper analyzes the relationship between green construction and intelligent buildings,examines the dilemmas faced by the integrated development of green construction and intelligent buildings,and proposes measures such as optimizing architectural design schemes,advancing technological innovation,improving energy utilization efficiency,actively applying BIM technology,and strengthening building lifecycle management,so as to promote the sustainable development of China’s construction industry.
