Time, cost and quality are the three main targets to be controled in project management. However, the control and management of time and cost risk are usually carried out respectively, which will bring such problems a...Time, cost and quality are the three main targets to be controled in project management. However, the control and management of time and cost risk are usually carried out respectively, which will bring such problems as the delay of schedule by reason of the impracticability of cash flow, the money difficulties caused by delay of schedule and so on. In order to control and manage the time and cost risk effectively and simultaneously, a time & cost risk control model based on schedule programme was established with the use of the quantitativemodels of BCWS, BCWP and ACWP in this paper. Subsequently, the analysis of variance for the whole project and the single activity was introduced on the basis of BCWS, BCWP and ACWP so that the project can be controlled and managed effectively. Furthermore, an example given behind in detail expressly illustrated that the model set up above was practicableto project management. However, the method of optimizing the cash flow based on time and cost risk to obtain BCWS should be considered properlyand carefully with respect to the different circumstances of the project, and an efficient and adequate interval report system should be set up on the site of the project.展开更多
Medical education is associated with significant costs[1].These costs have led to a growing interest in how to deliver high quality or high quantity education on a limited budget.This in turn has led to an interest in...Medical education is associated with significant costs[1].These costs have led to a growing interest in how to deliver high quality or high quantity education on a limited budget.This in turn has led to an interest in how best to measure quantity,quality and cost and how to track these variables over time.The ultimate aim of the interest in cost and value in medical education is to展开更多
In the process of China’s national economic development,the construction industry is a very important component and has a direct impact on the level of China’s economic construction.Nowadays,the development speed of...In the process of China’s national economic development,the construction industry is a very important component and has a direct impact on the level of China’s economic construction.Nowadays,the development speed of the prefabricated construction industry is constantly accelerating.To effectively ensure the economic benefits of engineering projects,it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen cost budgeting and cost control.This article analyzes the cost budget of prefabricated construction projects,introduces the application advantages of prefabricated construction,and proposes specific cost budgeting and cost control measures,hoping to provide some reference for relevant researchers.展开更多
We think we should use basic return rate of industry to measure the opportunity cost of capital and use the rule of Maximum NPV （Net Present Value） to modify the wrong solution in the book.
Under the upsurge of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, the development goal of the enterprise is continuously deepened, and the reform documents ...Under the upsurge of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, the development goal of the enterprise is continuously deepened, and the reform documents of architectural construction and organization are issued one after another, which puts forward clear requirements for the proportion of prefabricated buildings in the construction. Prefabricated buildings have the advantages of environmental protection and short construction period, which is an important direction for future construction development. However, there are still many obstacles in the development of prefabricated buildings in our country, and the supporting policies and technologies are not mature enough, resulting in high cost. In order to effectively solve the cost problem, it is necessary to strengthen information sharing and technical exchange, make full use of BIM technology to realize the integrated development of design, production, transportation and construction, reduce rework rate and improve the production efficiency of buildings.展开更多
Under the impetus of building a socialist road, the construction industry is developing rapidly, both in scale and in quantity. However, in the actual construction process, there will still be many problems, which wil...Under the impetus of building a socialist road, the construction industry is developing rapidly, both in scale and in quantity. However, in the actual construction process, there will still be many problems, which will affect the construction progress and quality. Among them, the over-budget phenomenon of project cost caused by various factors is still relatively serious. Therefore, it is necessary to fully clarify the key points of budget control in the process of cost budget, so as to make the cost budget more scientific and accurate, thus achieving the purpose of cost control and reducing economic losses.展开更多
In recent years, due to the increasingly fierce competition in the construction market, the construction unit's control over various construction projects has become more standardized and strict, and the profit ma...In recent years, due to the increasingly fierce competition in the construction market, the construction unit's control over various construction projects has become more standardized and strict, and the profit margin in the construction stage has narrowed. Under the premise of ensuring the construction period and quality objectives, it has become an effective means for enterprises to improve the profit margin. A large part of project cost control is to do a good job in project responsibility cost budget. How to improve the timeliness, accuracy and rationality of responsibility cost budget has become a meaningful and challenging topic. Taking Shanghai A highway project as an example, which won the bid in November 2020, this paper expounds the principles, methods and measures of responsibility cost budgeting, and summarizes the existing problems and solutions in the implementation of project responsibility cost budget at present.展开更多
The budget management of construction project cost is the premise and foundation of construction project management. Good cost budget management can effectively improve the quality standard in the process of construct...The budget management of construction project cost is the premise and foundation of construction project management. Good cost budget management can effectively improve the quality standard in the process of construction, and lay a solid foundation for the later construction quality acceptance. Nowadays, more and more developers and construction units pay more attention to the cost budget management, and are building a professional team. The purpose is to improve their own cost budget management ability and reduce the economic loss in the construction process.展开更多
As one of the important types of energy enterprises, coal mining enterprises undertake the important responsibility of maintaining the normal operation of social production and life. In the civil engineering construct...As one of the important types of energy enterprises, coal mining enterprises undertake the important responsibility of maintaining the normal operation of social production and life. In the civil engineering construction of coal mining enterprises, the management and control of cost budget is an important part and plays a role. Cost budget can ensure that the construction of civil engineering can be carried out according to the national standards, and the cost of civil engineering project can be calculated and controlled, so as to achieve the purpose of realizing the expected income. In practice, some coal mining enterprises civil engineering cost budget management is still insufficient. The paper expounds the concept of cost budget management and the problems in civil engineering cost budget management of coal mining enterprises. Finally, the countermeasures to improve the civil engineering cost budget management are proposed from many angles.展开更多
Nowadays, with the rapid development of market economy, the importance of construction cost budget is becoming more and more obvious. Based on this premise, it has received extensive attention from various enterprises...Nowadays, with the rapid development of market economy, the importance of construction cost budget is becoming more and more obvious. Based on this premise, it has received extensive attention from various enterprises. In the development of the industry, it is necessary to strengthen the management of project cost budget and other related work and analyze the projects exceeding the budget timely, control the project cost budget from every aspect of the specific work and from various angles strictly, and timely and accurately grasp the project cost budget. This paper focuses on the key points of construction project cost budget control and its grasp, hoping to help promote the development of the construction industry.展开更多
The current society is in the process of rapid development, whether it is the strength of the country, or the social economy, have made a great breakthrough. In this context, the construction industry has flourished a...The current society is in the process of rapid development, whether it is the strength of the country, or the social economy, have made a great breakthrough. In this context, the construction industry has flourished and gained a lot of profit-making projects. However, in the process of the steady expansion of the construction industry, there are major problems: there are huge loopholes in the industry funds, there is no sound and complete management system, and there are certain negligence in control, so that the cost of the project does not conform to the expected level. In view of this, this paper will discuss in depth the main disadvantages of the construction industry, find out the causes of the problems according to the disadvantages, and provide relevant solutions to promote the progress of the construction industry.展开更多
With the sky-rocketing development of Internet services, the power usage in data centers has been signifi- cantly increasing. This ever increasing energy consumption leads to negative environmental impact such as glob...With the sky-rocketing development of Internet services, the power usage in data centers has been signifi- cantly increasing. This ever increasing energy consumption leads to negative environmental impact such as global warming. To reduce their carbon footprints, large Internet service operators begin to utilize green energy. Since green energy is currently more expensive than the traditional brown one, it is important for the operators to maximize the green en- ergy usage subject to their desired long-term （e.g., a month） cost budget constraint. In this paper, we propose an online algorithm GreenBudget based on the Lyapunov optimization framework. We prove that our algorithm is able to achieve a delicate tradeoff between the green energy usage and the en- forcement of the cost budget constraint, and a control parameter V is the knob to arbitrarily tune such a tradeoff. We evaluate GreenBudget utilizing real-life traces of user requests, cooling efficiency, electricity price and green energy avail- ability. Experimental results demonstrate that under the same cost budget constraint, GreenBudget can increase the green energy usage by 11.55% compared with the state-of-the-art work, without incurring any performance violation of user requests.展开更多
The operational stability and economy of multi-energy systems(MES)are threatened by various uncertainties,such as variable renewable energy power,energy demands,and weather conditions.Most of the existing methods for ...The operational stability and economy of multi-energy systems(MES)are threatened by various uncertainties,such as variable renewable energy power,energy demands,and weather conditions.Most of the existing methods for the dispatch decisions of MES are based on the prescribed probability distribution or uncertainty sets of random variables,which have many disadvantages,such as potential infeasibility and over-conservatism.In this paper,we propose a novel dispatch model for MES that integrates dispatch decision making,uncertainty set selection,and operational cost control into a unified framework.First,the deterministic dispatch model of MES is introduced,in which the physical characteristics of district heating systems and buildings are fully considered.Then,a novel decision framework that combines the two-stage dispatch strategy and info-gap decision theory(IGDT)is proposed for MES,where the uncertainty set is flexible and can be optimized based on the operational cost budget.Finally,a revised algorithm,based on the column-and-constraint generation method,is proposed for the model.Case studies are performed on MES that includes a 33-bus distribution system and a heating network modified from a real 51-node network located in Jinlin Province,China.The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
文摘Time, cost and quality are the three main targets to be controled in project management. However, the control and management of time and cost risk are usually carried out respectively, which will bring such problems as the delay of schedule by reason of the impracticability of cash flow, the money difficulties caused by delay of schedule and so on. In order to control and manage the time and cost risk effectively and simultaneously, a time & cost risk control model based on schedule programme was established with the use of the quantitativemodels of BCWS, BCWP and ACWP in this paper. Subsequently, the analysis of variance for the whole project and the single activity was introduced on the basis of BCWS, BCWP and ACWP so that the project can be controlled and managed effectively. Furthermore, an example given behind in detail expressly illustrated that the model set up above was practicableto project management. However, the method of optimizing the cash flow based on time and cost risk to obtain BCWS should be considered properlyand carefully with respect to the different circumstances of the project, and an efficient and adequate interval report system should be set up on the site of the project.
文摘Medical education is associated with significant costs[1].These costs have led to a growing interest in how to deliver high quality or high quantity education on a limited budget.This in turn has led to an interest in how best to measure quantity,quality and cost and how to track these variables over time.The ultimate aim of the interest in cost and value in medical education is to
文摘In the process of China’s national economic development,the construction industry is a very important component and has a direct impact on the level of China’s economic construction.Nowadays,the development speed of the prefabricated construction industry is constantly accelerating.To effectively ensure the economic benefits of engineering projects,it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen cost budgeting and cost control.This article analyzes the cost budget of prefabricated construction projects,introduces the application advantages of prefabricated construction,and proposes specific cost budgeting and cost control measures,hoping to provide some reference for relevant researchers.
文摘We think we should use basic return rate of industry to measure the opportunity cost of capital and use the rule of Maximum NPV （Net Present Value） to modify the wrong solution in the book.
文摘Under the upsurge of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, the development goal of the enterprise is continuously deepened, and the reform documents of architectural construction and organization are issued one after another, which puts forward clear requirements for the proportion of prefabricated buildings in the construction. Prefabricated buildings have the advantages of environmental protection and short construction period, which is an important direction for future construction development. However, there are still many obstacles in the development of prefabricated buildings in our country, and the supporting policies and technologies are not mature enough, resulting in high cost. In order to effectively solve the cost problem, it is necessary to strengthen information sharing and technical exchange, make full use of BIM technology to realize the integrated development of design, production, transportation and construction, reduce rework rate and improve the production efficiency of buildings.
文摘Under the impetus of building a socialist road, the construction industry is developing rapidly, both in scale and in quantity. However, in the actual construction process, there will still be many problems, which will affect the construction progress and quality. Among them, the over-budget phenomenon of project cost caused by various factors is still relatively serious. Therefore, it is necessary to fully clarify the key points of budget control in the process of cost budget, so as to make the cost budget more scientific and accurate, thus achieving the purpose of cost control and reducing economic losses.
文摘In recent years, due to the increasingly fierce competition in the construction market, the construction unit's control over various construction projects has become more standardized and strict, and the profit margin in the construction stage has narrowed. Under the premise of ensuring the construction period and quality objectives, it has become an effective means for enterprises to improve the profit margin. A large part of project cost control is to do a good job in project responsibility cost budget. How to improve the timeliness, accuracy and rationality of responsibility cost budget has become a meaningful and challenging topic. Taking Shanghai A highway project as an example, which won the bid in November 2020, this paper expounds the principles, methods and measures of responsibility cost budgeting, and summarizes the existing problems and solutions in the implementation of project responsibility cost budget at present.
文摘The budget management of construction project cost is the premise and foundation of construction project management. Good cost budget management can effectively improve the quality standard in the process of construction, and lay a solid foundation for the later construction quality acceptance. Nowadays, more and more developers and construction units pay more attention to the cost budget management, and are building a professional team. The purpose is to improve their own cost budget management ability and reduce the economic loss in the construction process.
文摘As one of the important types of energy enterprises, coal mining enterprises undertake the important responsibility of maintaining the normal operation of social production and life. In the civil engineering construction of coal mining enterprises, the management and control of cost budget is an important part and plays a role. Cost budget can ensure that the construction of civil engineering can be carried out according to the national standards, and the cost of civil engineering project can be calculated and controlled, so as to achieve the purpose of realizing the expected income. In practice, some coal mining enterprises civil engineering cost budget management is still insufficient. The paper expounds the concept of cost budget management and the problems in civil engineering cost budget management of coal mining enterprises. Finally, the countermeasures to improve the civil engineering cost budget management are proposed from many angles.
文摘Nowadays, with the rapid development of market economy, the importance of construction cost budget is becoming more and more obvious. Based on this premise, it has received extensive attention from various enterprises. In the development of the industry, it is necessary to strengthen the management of project cost budget and other related work and analyze the projects exceeding the budget timely, control the project cost budget from every aspect of the specific work and from various angles strictly, and timely and accurately grasp the project cost budget. This paper focuses on the key points of construction project cost budget control and its grasp, hoping to help promote the development of the construction industry.
文摘The current society is in the process of rapid development, whether it is the strength of the country, or the social economy, have made a great breakthrough. In this context, the construction industry has flourished and gained a lot of profit-making projects. However, in the process of the steady expansion of the construction industry, there are major problems: there are huge loopholes in the industry funds, there is no sound and complete management system, and there are certain negligence in control, so that the cost of the project does not conform to the expected level. In view of this, this paper will discuss in depth the main disadvantages of the construction industry, find out the causes of the problems according to the disadvantages, and provide relevant solutions to promote the progress of the construction industry.
文摘With the sky-rocketing development of Internet services, the power usage in data centers has been signifi- cantly increasing. This ever increasing energy consumption leads to negative environmental impact such as global warming. To reduce their carbon footprints, large Internet service operators begin to utilize green energy. Since green energy is currently more expensive than the traditional brown one, it is important for the operators to maximize the green en- ergy usage subject to their desired long-term （e.g., a month） cost budget constraint. In this paper, we propose an online algorithm GreenBudget based on the Lyapunov optimization framework. We prove that our algorithm is able to achieve a delicate tradeoff between the green energy usage and the en- forcement of the cost budget constraint, and a control parameter V is the knob to arbitrarily tune such a tradeoff. We evaluate GreenBudget utilizing real-life traces of user requests, cooling efficiency, electricity price and green energy avail- ability. Experimental results demonstrate that under the same cost budget constraint, GreenBudget can increase the green energy usage by 11.55% compared with the state-of-the-art work, without incurring any performance violation of user requests.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(52207080)in part by the State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company Science and Technology Project(J2020001)in part by the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200404).
文摘The operational stability and economy of multi-energy systems(MES)are threatened by various uncertainties,such as variable renewable energy power,energy demands,and weather conditions.Most of the existing methods for the dispatch decisions of MES are based on the prescribed probability distribution or uncertainty sets of random variables,which have many disadvantages,such as potential infeasibility and over-conservatism.In this paper,we propose a novel dispatch model for MES that integrates dispatch decision making,uncertainty set selection,and operational cost control into a unified framework.First,the deterministic dispatch model of MES is introduced,in which the physical characteristics of district heating systems and buildings are fully considered.Then,a novel decision framework that combines the two-stage dispatch strategy and info-gap decision theory(IGDT)is proposed for MES,where the uncertainty set is flexible and can be optimized based on the operational cost budget.Finally,a revised algorithm,based on the column-and-constraint generation method,is proposed for the model.Case studies are performed on MES that includes a 33-bus distribution system and a heating network modified from a real 51-node network located in Jinlin Province,China.The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
